ww 


PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 


OF  THE 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY 


COMTAINIKG 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


—  OF  — 


DISTINGUISHED    AMERICANS 


EDITED  FROM 

STANDARD  BIOGRAPHICAL  WORKS 
AND  ORIGINAL  SOURCES 


COMPLETE  IN  ONE  VOLUME 


CHICAGO: 

PROGRESSIVE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
1910 


"P/5 


PHEUN 

INT1RHD   ACCORDING  TO  ACT  OP  CONGRESI 

IN    THE   YEAR  1910 

BV    THE 

Progressive   Publishing   Company 

IN   THE    OFFICE    OF 

THE   LIBRARIAN    OF  CONGRESS 

AT  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


CONTENTS 

Progressive  Americans    1 

United  States  Congress  417 

Judiciary    . ., 565 

Executive  and  Others 633 


774427 


. 


PREFACE 

We  do  not  know  the  real  history  of  any  age  or  country  until 
we  know  about  its  characteristic  men.  Most  of  the  men  de 
scribed  are  now  active  in  business  and  professional  careers,  but 
a  few  sketches  have  been  added  of  men  whose  achievements 
are  still  fresh  in  memory. 

This  most  admirable  collection  of  contemporary  biography  of 
America's  foremost  leaders  of  life  and  thought  will  be  an  invalu 
able  acquisition  to  the  world's  libraries  and  historical  archives. 
The  sketches  of  the  leaders  of  life  and  thought  now  at  the  helm 
of  America's  Ecclesiastical,  Civil,  Military,  ludustrial  and  Com 
mercial  lines  of  human  activity  have  been  selected  with  the 
greatest  of  care  from  current  historical  works  and  publications 
and  from  various  other  sources.  As  Builders  and  Merchants 
they  have  built  Cities  and  illumined  the  marts  of  trade;  in  the 
field  of  science  and  medicine  they  have  obtained  great  promi 
nence;  in  the  arena  of  statesmanship  they  have  produced  men 
of  thought  and  men  of  action;  while  at  the  bar  and  in  the  ad 
ministration  of  Justice  they  have  shown  erudition  and  wisdom. 
As  clergymen,  educators  and  lecturers  they  have  occupied  high 
places;  and  as  musicians,  composers,  artists,  authors  and  poets 
they  have  contributed  profusely  to  social  life. 

This  volume  is  submitted  to  the  public  in  the  confidence  that 
the  careers  herein  described  will  be  found  stimulating  to  patriot 
ism;  and  a  potent  factor  in  cheering  and  inspiring  the  efforts  of 
rising  generations. 

"Lives  of  great  men  all  remind  us 
We  can  make  our  lives  sublime." 

— Longfellow. 

"There  is  properly  no  history;  only  biography." — Emerson. 

"There  can  be  no  true  criticism  of  a  great  American  which  is 
not  founded  upon  the  knowledge  of  his  work  in  daily  life. 
Whether  it  be  in  the  diary  of  the  frontiersman  or  in  the  elegant 
studies  of  the  university/' — Edward  Everett  Hale. 


PREFACE. 

"To  study  the  lives  of  great  men  is  to  read  history  from  the 
personal,  vital  point  of  view;  thus  history  becomes  real,  living, 
and  interesting  to  many  for  whom  abstract  history  possesses 
no  charms." — Wm.  R.  Harper. 

"Present  to  the  boy  such  men  as  he  himself  would  like  to  be." 

— Herbart. 

"Give  us  men  of  Light  and  Leading." — Lord  Beaconsfield. 
"The  proper  study  of  mankind  is  man." — Shakespeare. 
"Man  alone  is  interesting  to  man." — Goethe. 

"Universal  history,  the  history  of  what  man  has  accomplished 
in  this  world,  is  at  the  bottom  the  history  of  the  great  men  who 
have  worked  here." — Garlyle. 

"A  sage  is  the  instructor  of  a  hundred  ages." 

— 'Mencius,  Chinese  Philosopher. 

"The  function  of  the  great  man  is  to  explain  the  age,  and  of 
the  age  to  explain  the  man." — Barnes. 

"The  history  of  the  race  is  but  that  of  the  individual  'writ 
large/  "  — Lewes. 


PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

OF  THE 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY 


Abbe,  Cleveland,  meteorologist  United  States  weather  bureau, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1838,  in  New  York  City.  He  was  director  of  the 
Cincinnati  observatory;  and  in  1871  became  professor  of  meteor 
ology  in  the  United  States  weather  bureau  and  has  since  contin 
ued  in  that  position.  He  is  also  editor  of  the  Monthly  Weather 
Review.  The  more  important  of  his  many  publications  include 
Solar  Spots  and  Terrestrial  Temperature;  A  Plea  for  Terrestrial 
Physics;  Atmosphere  Radiation;  Treatise  on  Meteorological  Ap 
paratus;  Preparatory  Studies  for  Deductive  Methods  in  Meteor 
ology  ;  and  Mechanics  of  the  Earth 's  Atmosphere. 

Abbott,  Lemuel  Abijah,  army  officer,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1842, 
in  Barre,  Vt.  He  received  the  degree  of  B.S.  from  Norwich  uni 
versity  of  Vermont.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  from  private 
to  captain  in  the  tenth  regiment  Vermont  volunteer  infantry.  In 
1867  he  was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the  sixth  United 
States  cavalry ;  in  1869  became  first  lieutenant ;  was  made  captain 
in  1880;  and  was  retired  from  active  service  in  1885.  In  1890  he 
was  brevetted  major  for  gallant  services  against  the  Indians  in 
1882.  It  was  on  his  recommendation  that  the  Indian  children 
throughout  the  United  States  were  sent  to  school,  which  in  about 
ten  years  took  the  Indians  from  the  warpath,  as  predicted  by  him. 
He  fought  in  thirty-five  battles  in  the  army  of  the  Potomac ;  was 
four  times  wounded;  and  afterward  he  served  in  the  regular 
army  for  eighten  years  in  Indian  warfare.  He  holds  the  rank  of 
major  in  the  United  States  army,  now  on  the  retired  list;  and 
resides  in  Williamstown,  Vt.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Genealogical 
Register  of  the  Descendants  of  George  Abbott  of  Rowley,  Mass. ; 
and  of  a  Civil  War  Diary. 

Adams,  Arthur  Lincoln,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
15,  1864,  near  Greensburg,  Ind.  In  1886  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  B.S.  from  Kansas  state  university.  In  1886-90  he  was 

1 


2  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

engaged  on  railrcitd  construction  in  Nebraska,  Oregon  and  Wash 
ington  ;  and  in  1890-96  was  engaged  in  the  design  and  construction 
of  various  waterworks  for  municipalities,  irrigation  and  other 
hydraulic  projects  in  the  western  states.  Since  1896  he  has  been 
a  consulting  hydraulic  engineer  of  Oakland,  Gal.  In  1897  he  was 
awarded  the  Thomas  Fitch  Rowland  prize  of  the  American  socie 
ty  of  civil  engineers.  He  is  president  of  the  San  Francisco  asso 
ciation  of  members  of  the  American  society  of  civil  engineers. 
He  is  the  author  of  numerous  professional  Monographs  and  scien 
tific  articles  that  have  been  published  in  technical  journals;  and 
also  delivered  before  various  societies  and  scientific  associations 
in  the  United  States. 

Adams,  Charles  Frederick,  educator,  entomologist,  author, 
was  born  April  4,  1877,  in  Atherton,  Mo.  In  1897  he  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Missouri ;  and  subsequently  graduated  with 
the  degrees  of  M.D.  and  A.M.  from  the  university  of  Kansas.  In 
1902-04  he  held  the  Snow  research  scholarship  at  the  university 
of  Kansas;  and  made  entomological  expeditions  to  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  and  the  southwestern  United  States.  In  1897  he  was 
assistant  entomologist  of  Missouri.  In  1900-04  he  was  professor 
of  history  and  bacteriology  in  the  Kansas  City  dental  college ;  and 
in  1904-05  was  assistant  in  zoology  at  the  university  of  Chicago. 
Since  1905  he  has  been  professor  of  entomology  in  the  university 
of  Arkansas.  He  is  an  authority  on  insect  taxonomy,  insect  histol 
ogy  and  cytology;  was  one  of  the  revisors  of  Williston's  Manual 
of  North  American  Diptera;  and  is  the  author  of  several  Mono 
graphs. 

Adams,  Eldridge  L.,  lawyer,  business  president,  was  born  Sept. 
16,  1866,  in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  Since  1889  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Rochester  and  New  York  City.  For  eight  years  he  was  chair 
man  of  the  municipal  civil  service  commission  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
He  is  president  of  the  Manufacturers  commercial  company  of 
New  York  City;  president  of  the  Rochester  folding  box  com 
pany;  and  a  director  of  the  Union  trust  company  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y. 

Adams,  Marion  A.,  accountant,  educator,  college  president, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1873,  in  Dalzell,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Ohio  northern  university ;  attended  Zanetian  college ;  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  Marietta  commercial  college.  For  a  number  of 
years  he  was  engaged  as  a  stenographer  and  bookkeeper;  and  is 
now  president  of  the  Marietta  commercial  college  of  Ohio. 

Adams,  Washington  Irving  Lincoln,  journalist,  business  man, 
banker,  author,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1865,  in  New  York  City.  He 
graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Montclair,  N.  J.  For  over  ten 
years  he  was  editor  of  the  Photographic  Times.  In  1896-99  he 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  3 

was  president  of  the  Scoville  and  Adams  company;  and  in  1901 
was  vice-president  of  the  Montclair  trust  company,  becoming  its 
president  in  1905.  Since  1901  he  has  been  treasurer  and  then 
president  of  Styles  and  Cash  of  New  York  City.  He  is  the  author 
of  the  Amateur  Photographer;  Sun,  Sunlight  and  Shadow;  In 
Nature 's  Image ;  Woodland  and  Meadow ;  and  a  volume  of  poems. 

Adamson,  Charles,  lawyer,  manufacturer,  founder,  was  born 
March  17,  1859,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1882-90  he  practiced  law 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  in  1889-90  was  a  member  of  the  city 
common  council.  In  1890  he  organized  the  Cedartown  land  im 
provement  company  of  Georgia.  In  1896  he  organized  the  Cedar 
town  cotton  company  to  make  fine  hosiery  yarns ;  in  1898  organ 
ized  the  Southern  extension  cotton  mill  company ;  and  in  1899  or 
ganized  the  Paragon  mills;  and  in  each  of  these  corporations  he 
was  either  president  or  manager.  In  1899  he  consolidated  these 
three  companies,  aggregating  twenty-five  thousand  spindles,  be 
coming  vice-president  of  the  corporation.  In  1896  and  1904  he 
was  a  delegate  from  Georgia  to  the  republican  national  conven 
tions.  In  1907  he  was  president  of  the  Southern  association  of 
hosiery  yarn  spinners. 

Addicks,  John  Edward,  capitalist,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1841,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Works  for  the  manufacture  of  gas  were  built 
for  him  in  Jersey  City  and  for  the  Consumers'  gas  company  of 
Chicago,  111.;  and  the  competition  which  he  engendered  led  to 
the  union  of  the  gas  companies  of  Chicago  into  the  now  noted  Chi 
cago  gas  trust.  In  1884  he  organized  and  became  president  of  the 
Bay  state  gas  company  of  Boston,  which  constructed  large  works. 
In  1892  he  bought  a  majority  interest  in  the  Brooklyn  gas  com 
pany,  becoming  its  president;  and  is  now  largely  interested  in 
other  gas  companies  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1899-1901  and  in 
1903  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  United  States  senate  from  Dela 
ware. 

Adelsberger,  Louis,  physician,  public  official,  was  born  Feb. 
16,  1862,  in  Waterloo,  111.  His  surname  originated  from  the  city 
of  Adelsberg,  Austria,  of  which  an  Adelsberg  was  burgomaster, 
the  city  deriving  its  name  from  him;  and  his  descendants  emi 
grated  to  Baltimore,  Md.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  and  in  1884  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  medical  department  of  Washington 
university  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1897-1901  he  was  president  of  the 
Illinois  state  board  of  health.  In  1897  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
international  medical  congress  held  in  Moscow,  Russia.  He  holds 
a  prominent  position  in  the  medical  world;  and  since  1890  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Waterloo,  111. 

Adkins,  William  Lucius,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Oct.  18, 
1859,  in  Colorado  county,  Tex.  He  received  a  thorough  educa- 


4  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tion;  and  graduated  from  the  Texas  military  institute.  He  has 
attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Columbus,  Colorado 
county,  Tex.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the  county  democratic 
party ;  and  he  served  as  a  democratic  congressional  chairman.  He 
has  been  a  representative  in  the  Texas  state  legislature;  and 
served  on  several  important  committees.  He  was  presidential 
elector  for  Alton  B.  Parker;  and  a  delegate  to  the  democratic 
national  convention  that  nominated  William  Jennings  Bryan 
the  second  time. 

Ady,  George,  soldier,  railroad  manager,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1842, 
in  Harrisville,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough  education;  and  for 
one  year  attended  the  Lombard  university  at  Galesburg,  111.  In 
1864-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  United 
States  volunteer  army.  Since  1868  he  has  been  in  the  railway 
service  of  various  railroads;  has  been  passenger  accountant;  gen 
eral  ticket  agent ;  was  general  passenger  agent ;  and  is  now  pass 
enger  agent  of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  company  at  Denver, 
Col.  In  1887  he  was  department  commander  of  the  grand  army 
of  the  republic  for  Colorado  and  "Wyoming;  in  1897  was  com 
mander  of  the  military  order  loyal  legion  of  the  United  States; 
and  has  been  vice-president  of  the  society  army  of  the  Tennessee. 

Agard,  Isaac  Merritt,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Dec.  3,  1854,  in  Stafford,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at  Amherst  col 
lege  and  at  various  other  institutions;  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  M.A.  and  Ph.D.  He  has  attained  success  in  educational 
work.  For  many  years  he  was  principal  of  the  high  school  of 
Rockville,  Conn. ;  and  was  also  superintendent  of  the  east  district 
graded  school  of  that  city.  He  was  twice  vice-president  of  Con 
necticut  association  of  classical  and  high  school  teachers ;  and  was 
twice  president  of  that  association.  He  is  now  president  of  the 
Tillotson  college  of  Austin,  Texas ;  and  has  contributed  extensive 
ly  to  educational  and  religious  literature. 

Agassiz,  Alexander,  president  National  Academy  of  Science, 
was  born  Dec.  17,  1835,  in  Switzerland.  In  1874-85  he  was  cura 
tor  of  the  Natural  history  museum  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  Since 
1885  he  has  been  engaged  in  zoological  investigation;  and  since 
1902  has  been  director  of  the  Museum  of  comparative  zoology  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is  now  president  of  the  National  academy 
of  science ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Ainsworth,  Frank  Beveridge,  soldier,  reformer,  was  born  Aug. 
11,  1841,  in  Lisbon,  N.Y.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  aide-de 
camp,  quartermaster,  adjutant,  and  finally  provost  marshal  in  the 
defenses  of  Washington.  In  1870  he  was  a  delegate  from  the  state 
of  Indiana  to  the  international  congress  on  penitentiary  and  re 
formatory  discipline  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  and  in  1867-77  was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  5 

superitendent  of  the  Indiana  house  of  refuge.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  mark  system;  was  a  director  of  the  United  States  prison 
congress;  and  participated  in  the  international  prison  congress 
of  1870.  For  the  past  twenty  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  insur 
ance  ;  is  considered  an  authority  on  policy  contracts ;  and  is  now 
secretary  and  general  manager  of  the  Bankers'  reserve  fund  life 
insurance  company  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Akeley,  Healy  Cady,  soldier,  lumber  merchant,  was  born  March 
16,  1836,  in  Stowe,  Vt.  He  was  educated  in  the  local  schools.  He 
began  life  as  a  farmer  and  surveyor;  and  later  became  a  lawyer. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  second  Michigan  cavalry  as  a  private; 
and  was  mustered  out  in  1865  as  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  In 
1872  he  went  into  the  manufacture  of  lumber  in  Grand  Haven, 
Mich.,  and  continued  therein  until  removal  to  Minneapolis  in 
1887.  He  was  mayor  of  Grand  Haven  two  terms;  and  in  1866-81 
was  collector  of  customs  for  the  district  of  Michigan.  He  is  pres 
ident  of  the  H.  C.  Akeley  lumber  company  of  Minneapolis ;  of  the 
Itasca  lumber  company;  and  of  the  Flour  city  national  bank  and 
the  Metropolitan  trust  company. 

Albertson,  Charles  S.,  physician,  surgeon,  obstetrician,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1852,  in  Rush,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools;  graduated  from  Scottsville  high  school;  and  attended  the 
Brockport  normal  school.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Oswego,  N.Y.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Erie  county  medical  society;  was  visiting  physician  to  the 
Buffalo  homeopathic  hospital;  obstetrician  to  the  Lexington 
Heights  hospital  of  Buffalo;  gynecologist  and  obstetrician  to  the 
Oswego  hospital;  and  visiting  physician  to  the  Oswego  orphan 
asylum  and  other  institutions. 

Albright,  Jacob  Dissinger,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  29,  1870,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at 
Albright  college  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  in  1893  graduated  from  the 
Medico-chiurgical  college  of  Philadelphia  with  the  degree  of  M.D. 
He  is  a  specialist  on  rectal  diseases,  cancer  and  hernia;  proctol- 
ogist  to  the  post-graduate  hospital  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  has  a 
large  special  practice  in  that  city.  He  is  the  editor  of  Albright's 
Office  Practitioner,  a  monthly  journal  of  medicine.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  General  Practitioner  as  a  Specialist;  and  Business 
Methods  of  Specialists. 

Alcorn,  David  Nicholas,  physician,  surgeon,  aurist,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1856,  in  Warren  county,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  col 
lege  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  been 
expert  examining  eye  and  ear  surgeon  for  the  United  States  pen 
sion  bureau;  and  examiner  for  several  orders.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Northwestern  Wisconsin  medical  society  and  other  medical 


6  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

associations.  He  now  limits  his  practice  to  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and 
throat;  and  is  proprietor  of  the  Stevens  Point  eye  and  ear  in 
firmary  of  Wisconsin. 

Alderman,  Edward  Sinclair,  educator,  lecturer,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1861,  in  Wilmington,  N.C.  In 
1893-96  he  was  professor  of  pedagogy  at  the  university  of  North 
Carolina;  and  since  1896  has  been  president  of  that  institution. 
He  has  attained  note  as  a  lecturer  on  historical,  social  and  literary 
subjects.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  William  Hooper,  Signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence ;  and  Short  History  of  North 
Carolina. 

Alderson,  John  Duffy,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Nov. 
29,  1854,  at  Nicholas  Court-House,  W.Va.  He  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  in  each  of  the  counties  of  Nicholas  and 
Webster  to  fill  vacancies  occasioned  by  the  death  of  his  father, 
Hon.  Joseph  A.  Alderson;  and  in  1876-88  was  prosecuting  attor 
ney  for  these  counties.  In  1889-95  he  was  a  representative  from 
West  Virginia  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat. 

Alderson,  Victor  Clifton,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
June  4,  1863,  in  Plymouth,  Mass.  He  graduated  from  Harvard 
university ;  and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution. 
In  1900-01  he  was  dean  and  acting  president  of  Armour  institute 
of  technology  of  Chicago,  111. ;  was  dean  in  1901-03  of  that  institu 
tion,  and  also  filled  the  chair  of  mathematics.  Since  1903  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Colorado  state  school  of  mines.  He  has  been 
a  fellow  of  the  geographical  society  of  America;  historian  and 
deputy-governor  society  of  Mayflower  descendants ;  and  has  con 
tributed  to  current  publications  valuable  articles  on  scientific  and 
mathematical  subjects  and  on  technical  education. 

Aldrich,  OrlaJido  Wesley,  soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
March  30,  1840,  in  Clarence,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Illinois 
Wesleyan  university  at  Bloomington,  111.,  from  which  institution 
he  received  the  degrees  of  B.A.,  M.A.,  Ph.D.  and  D.C.L. ;  and  from 
the  Albert  university  he  received  the  degrees  of  LL.B.  and  LL.D. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  fourteenth  regiment  New 
York  volunteer  infantry.  He  has  filled  the  chair  of  professor  of 
law  in  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university,  and  also  in  the  Ohio  state 
university.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and  legal  writer  of  Colum 
bus,  Ohio.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Ohio  society  sons  of  the 
American  revolution;  president  Ohio  society  of  the  war  of  1812; 
and  also  national  vice-president  of  that  society.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Worthington,  Claytonville  and  Columbus  street 
railway  company;  and  a  director  in  several  corporations.  In 
1888  he  was  a  commissioner  of  the  Ohio  centennial ;  and  has  been 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  7 

.•  x 

vice-president  of  the  Ohio  horticultural  society.  He  has  been 
judge  advocate  department  of  Ohio,  grand  army  of  the  republic; 
and  is  a  member  of  several  scientific  societies. 

Alexander,  Albert  Davidson,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1865,  in  McKinley,  Ala.  In  1888  he  graduated  from  the 
Medical  college  of  Alabama ;  and  in  1898  was  a  post  graduate  of 
the  Missouri  medical  college.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Mer  Rouge,  La.  He  has  been  a  surgeon  for  several 
railroads;  and  medical  examiner  for  numerous  life  and  accident 
insurance  companies.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  medical 
association ;  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  state  medical  association ; 
and  a  member  of  the  Morehouse  parish  medical  association.  His 
ancestors  lived  in  Mecklenburg  county,  N.C. ;  and  were  members 
of  the  original  signers  of  the  declaration  of  independence. 

Alexander,  Edward  Porter,  soldier,  educator,  railroad  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  May  26,  1835,  in  Washington,  Ga.  He 
graduated  from  West  Point  academy  in  1857;  was  promoted 
second  lieutenant  corps  of  engineers;  and  served  in  the  United 
States  army  in  the  Utah  expedition  in  1858.  He  was  instructor 
in  engineering  at  West  Point  in  1859-60 ;  and  was  professor  in 
mathematics  and  engineering  in  the  South  Carolina  university  in 
1866-69.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  confederate  service; 
and  became  brigadier-general  of  artillery.  Until  1862  he  was 
president  of  numerous  and  important  railroads  in  the  southern 
states.  In  1897-1900  he  was  engineer-arbitrator  of  the  Nicaraguan 
and  Costa  Rican  boundary  commission.  He  is  the  author  of  Rail 
road  Practice ;  and  various  pamphlets  and  articles  on  railroad  and 
other  topics. 

Alexander,  James  Evans,  lawyer,  statesman,  orange  and  fruit 
grower,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1860,  near  Covington,  Tenn.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Tipton  male  high  school ;  and  at  the  Lebanon  law 
school  of  Cumberland  university.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Enterprise, 
Fla. ;  postoffice  inspector  under  President  Cleveland's  first  ad 
ministration;  and  for  many  years  private  secretary  to  United 
States  Senator  Wilkinson  Coll  of  Florida.  In  1892-93  and  1908-09 
he  served  as  a  representative  in  the  Florida  state  legislature.  In 
1908  he  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention.  He  is  a  prominent  attorney-at-law  of  De  Land,  Fla. ;  and 
a  successful  orange  and  fruit  grower. 

Alexander,  William  H.,  manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1836, 
in  Tunbridge,  Vt.  He  received  an  academic  education;  and  in 
1856-95  was  with  the  Concord  and  Montreal  railroad,  the  last 
thirteen  years  being  its  purchasing  agent.  Since  1895  he  has  been 
manager  of  the  Beecher  Falls  company,  a  large  furniture  manu 
facturing  concern  of  Beecher  Falls,  Vt.  His  ancestor,  Randyl 


8  PEOGEESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Alexander,  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  in  1719,  and  was 
among  the  first  sixteen  settlers  of  Nutfield,  now  Londonderry, 
N.  H. ;  Randyl  Alexander  being  one  of  the  six  grantees  of  that 
town. 

Aley,  Robert  Judson,  educator,  lecturer,  author  was  born 
May  11, 1863,  in  Coal  City,  Ind.  In  1879-82  he  attended  Valparaiso 
college  and  graduated  from  the  teachers'  course;  in  1888  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Indiana  university,  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  two  years  later  from  the  same  institution;  and 
subsequently  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1877-81  he  taught  in  country  schools;  and  in 
1882-85  and  1886-87  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at  Spencer, 
Ind.  In  1887-88  he  was  instructor  in  mathematics  at  the  Indiana 
university;  in  1888-91  was  professor  of  mathematics  at  Vincennes 
university;  and  since  1891  has  been  professor  of  mathematics  in 
the  Indiana  university  at  Bloomington.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Geometry  of  the  Triangle  Graphs ;  The  Essentials  of  Algebra ;  and 
Supplementary  Problems  in  Algebra. 

Alkire,  Henry  T.,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Sept. 
6,  1854,  in  Platte  county,  Mo.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  district  school;  graduated  from  the  Missouri 
state  normal  school  at  Kirksville  in  1875 ;  and  from  Missouri  state 
university  in  1881.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer 
of  Oregon,  Mo.,  of  which  city  he  has  been  mayor  and  for  three 
terms  was  city  attorney.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  thirty- 
fifth  general  assembly  of  the  Missouri  state  legislature;  was  the 
republican  nominee  for  secretary  of  state  of  Missouri  in  1892; 
and  in  1894  was  elected  probate  judge  of  Holt  county  for  four 
years.  For  twelve  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  republican  central 
committee;  and  for  two  years  president  of  the  Oregon  school 
board.  He  has  written  extensively  on  law  and  judicial  subjects. 
In  1894-98  and  since  1902  he  has  been  judge  of  the  probate  court 
for  Holt  county,  Mo. 

Allen,  Alexander  Viets  Griswold,  educator,  clergyman,  author, 
was  born  May  4,  1841,  in  Otis,  Mass.  He  is  prominent  among 
leaders  of  modern  religious  thought ;  a  professor  in  the  Episcopal 
theological  school  at  Cambridge;  and  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  historical  society.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Continuity  of 
Christian  Thought;  A  Study  of  Modern  Theology  in  the  Light 
of  Its  History;  Life  of  Jonathan  Edwards;  The  Greek  Theology 
and  the  Renaissance  of  the  Nineteenth  Century;  Religious  Prog 
ress;  Christian  Institutions;  and  Life  of  Phillips  Brooks. 

Allen,  Andrew  Aniel,  railroad  manager,  was  born  March  19, 
1853,  near  Monmouth,  111.  Since  1868  he  has  been  in  railroad  serv 
ice.  He  has  been  general  superintendent  of  the  Wisconsin  central 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  9 

railroad ;  and  general  manager  of  the  Chicago  and  northern  pacific 
railroad.  Since  1895  he  has  been  assistant  general  manager,  and 
since  1903  vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  and  Texas  railroad  company.  He  was  one  of  the  directors 
of  the  Louisiana  purchase  exposition  company. 

Allen,  Charles  Julius,  soldier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Jan. 
31,  1840,  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.  In  1864  he  graduated  from  the  United 
States  military  academy.  He  was  at  once  appointed  first  lieu 
tenant,  corps  of  engineers,  United  States  army,  and  served  in  the 
field  as  an  officer  of  engineers  to  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He 
received  two  brevets  for  war  services.  In  1867  he  became  captain ; 
was  promoted  to  major  in  1883 ;  and  in  1897  attained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  corps  of  engineers.  He  served  contin 
uously  from  the  close  of  the  civil  war  to  1904  on  construction  of 
fortifications  and  also  upon  river  and  harbor  improvements,  canals, 
iron  and  steel  bridges,  roads,  reservoirs  and  surveys.  During  the 
Spanish-American  war  in  1898  he  was  in  charge  of  the  defenses 
of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and  in  1904  was  made  brigadier-general. 

Allen,  Dudley  Peter,  surgeon,  was  born  March  25,  1852,  in 
Kinsman,  Ohio.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  Oberlin  college ;  and 
in  1879  received  the  degree  of  M.A.  In  1879  he  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  Harvard  university.  He  is  visiting 
surgeon  to  the  Lakeside  hospital;  consulting  surgeon  to  the 
charity  and  city  hospitals  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and  professor  of 
surgery  in  Western  reserve  university.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  surgical  association. 

Allem,  Frederick  Hobbes,  lawyer,  diplomat,  was  born  May  30, 
1858,  in  Honolulu,  Hawaii,  and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Hon.  Elisha 
Hunt  Allen,  the  eminent  diplomat  and  congressman.  He  studied 
in  Germany  and  Switzerland  and  under  private  tutors.  In  1880 
he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Harvard  university; 
and  in  1883  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.M.  and  LL.B.  from 
that  instituoin  of  learning.  In  1882  he  was  secretary  to  the  Ha 
waiian  legation  and  in  1883  was  charge  de  affairs  of  the  Ha 
waiian  legation.  He  resigned;  and  in  1884  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  has  been  corporation  counsel  of  the  village  of  Pelham 
Manor;  and  also  served  as  president  of  the  village.  He  is  the 
chairman  of  the  democratic  county  committee  of  Westchester 
county,  N.Y. ;  and  is  the  senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Allen 
and  Camman  of  New  York  City. 

Allen,  John  Marshall,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  July  23, 
1833,  near  Liberty,  Mo.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  chief  sur 
geon  of  the  Mississippi  and  East  Louisiana  army,  confederate 
service.  In  1884-85  he  served  as  a  representative  from  Clay  county 
to  the  Missouri  state  legislature.  He  has  been  president  of  the 


10  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Missouri  state  medical  society;  vice-president  of  the  American 
medical  association.  He  has  been  president  of  the  University 
medical  college  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  of  which  institution  he  was 
professor  of  principles  and  practice  of  medicine ;  and  is  also  lec 
turer  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Missouri  university.  He  is 
the  son  of  Shubael  Allen,  born  in  Orange  county,  N.Y. ;  and  a 
descendant  of  the  Aliens  of  Massachusetts.  Shubael  Allen  moved 
to  Kentucky  in  1812,  and  to  Missouri  in  1818;  and  married  a 
daughter  of  General  Trigg. 

Allen,  John  Mill,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July 
8,  1847,  in  Tishomingo  county,  Miss.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army  throughout  the  civil  war.  In  1876-79  he  was  district  at 
torney  for  the  first  judicial  district  of  Mississippi.  In  1885-1901 
he  was  a  representative  from  Mississippi  to  the  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth 
and  fifty-sixth  congresses.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  commissioner 
to  the  Louisiana  purchase  exposition  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Allen,  Robert  McDowell,  lawyer,  government  official,  was  born 
Oct.  29,  1878,  in  Edinburg,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at  the  Henry- 
Jessee  academy  of  Versailles,  Ky. ;  attended  the  Lexington  city 
high  school  and  in  1900  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  from 
the  Kentucky  state  university.  Since  1901  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1900  he  was  appointed  to  a  position  in 
the  pure  food  inspection  work  of  the  Kentucky  agricultural  ex 
periment  station;  was  later  made  the  head  of  the  division  of 
state  food  inspection  of  the  station;  and  an  advisory  member  of 
the  Kentucky  state  board  of  health.  In  1902-08  he  was  secretary 
and  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  association  of 
the  state  and  the  national  food  and  dairy  department.  In  1904 
he  was  secretary  of  the  international  pure  food  congress  held  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  now  special  counsel  in  certain  United  States 
government  pure  food  prosecutions;  and  head  of  the  division  of 
food  and  drug  inspection  at  the  Kentucky  agricultural  experiment 
station  at  Lexington. 

Allen,  William  Alonzo,  pioneer,  dentist,  inventor,  was  born 
Sept.  2,  1848,  in  Summerfield,  Ohio.  He  is  an  expert  in  scientific 
dentistry ;  and  is  part  proprietor  of  Billings  dental  parlors  of  Bil 
lings,  Mont.  In  1877  he  crossed  the  plains  of  Deadwood  and  had 
charge  of  an  outfit  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  men ;  and  was  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  the  Yellowstone  valley.  He  built  the  first 
shingle  roof  house  and  built  the  first  flouring  mill  on  the  Yellow 
stone.  He  started  the  town  site  of  Allendale,  Mont.;  and  was  a 
national  delegate  of  the  prohibition  party  in  1892  and  1900.  He 
has  had  a  series  of  adventures;  was  four  times  wounded  by  In 
dians  on  the  plains;  and  was  on  Custer's  battlefield  when  every 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  11 

soldier  laid  where  he  was  killed.  He  is  engaged  on  a  book  en 
titled  Twenty  Years  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Allen,  William  Frederick,  civil  engineer,  meteorologist,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1846,  in  Bordentown,  N.J.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Model  school  of  Bordentown,  N.J. ;  and  at  the  Episcopal 
academy  of  Philadelphit,  Pa.  He  is  editor  of  the  Official  railway 
guide;  secretary  of  the  American  railway  association;  and  man 
ager  of  the  National  railway  publication  company  of  New  York 
City.  He  took  a  leading  part  in  securing  the  adoption  of  the 
present  system  of  standard  time.  He  was  a  delegate  of  the  United 
States  to  the  international  meridian  conference;  and  he  was  the 
delegate  of  the  American  railway  congresses  at  London  in  1884, 
at  Paris  in  1900  and  in  Washington  in  1905.  He  is  the  author  of 
Standard  Time  in  North  America. 

Allis,  Edward  Phelps,  manufacturer,  morphologist,  zoologist, 
scientist,  was  born  on  Sept.  14,  1851,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Milwaukee  and 
in  Janesville,  Wis. ;  then  in  1866  received  the  degree  of  C.E.  from 
the  Delaware  literary  institute  of  Franklin,  N.Y. ;  in  1867-68  was 
a  special  student  at  Antioch  college  of  Ohio ;  and  in  1868-71  was  a 
graduate  student  at  the  Massachusetts  institute  of  technology.  In 
1871-89  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Edward  T.  Allis  and  company 
at  Milwaukee,  when  his  father,  the  head  of  the  company,  died. 
Since  1889  he  has  been  engaged  in  research  studies;  and  is  also 
vice-president  of  the  Edward  T.  Allis'  company.  Since  1890  he 
has  lived  principally  in  Menton,  France.  In  1885  he  established 
the  Lake  laboratory  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  maintaining  it  there 
for  seven  years.  It  was  transferred  to  Menton,  and  is  known  as 
the  Allis  research  laboratory.  He  has  made  extensive  researches 
in  vertebrate  morphology;  and  especially  in  the  anatomy  and 
development  of  the  head  of  fishes.  He  is  co-editor  of  the  Journal 
of  Morphology.  In  1903  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  university  of  Wisconsin ;  received  the  decoration  of  the  legion 
d'honneur;  and  has  received  other  marks  of  distinction. 

Allread,  James  Isaac,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1858, 
in  Darke  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  county;  and  at  the  high  school  of  Greenville,  Ohio. 
He  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1895  he  became 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Ohio ;  and  since  1903  has  been  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  receiving  the  re 
election  to  that  office  in  1908. 

Almes,  Herman  Earhart,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec. 
28,  1867,  in  Long  Run,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Pennsylvania,  attended  Elders  Ridge  academy;  in  1889  gradu 
ated  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  medical  department  of 


12  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  university  of  Wooster  at  Cleveland,  0.;  and  graduated  in 
1890  from  the  medical  department  of  the  Western  university  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  then  practiced  medicine  for  awhile  in  Murrays- 
ville,  Pa.;  in  1890-96  he  practiced  medicine  at  Cochran  Mills, 
Pa. ;  and  since  1896  has  had  a  general  medical  practice  in  Chicago, 
111.  He  has  been  medical  examiner  for  the  independent  order  of 
odd  fellows;  examiner  for  the  Protected  home  circle;  examiner 
for  Court  of  honor;  and  medical  examiner  for  the  Columbian 
knights.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  medical  association, 
Illinois  state  medical  society,  the  American  medical  association, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  elks,  masons,  the  mystic  shriners,  and 
various  fraternal  orders. 

Ambauen,  Andrew  Joseph,  priest,  author,  poet,  was  born 
March  7,  1847,  in  Switzerland.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
in  Jesuit  colleges;  and  was  given  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  After  his 
ordination  to  the  priesthood  in  1872,  he  worked  for  about  thirteen 
years  in  various  pioneer  mission  stations  in  the  diocese  of  Mil 
waukee,  Wis.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  to  St.  Joseph's  congrega 
tion  at  Dodgeville,  Wis.,  and  where  he  has  ever  since  faithfully 
ministered  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  the  intervals  of 
acting  pastoral  duties  he  has  contributed  extensively  to  church 
and  popular  literature.  Among  his  works  are  The  Friend  of 
Youth ;  Roses  of  Heaven ;  and  Guide  to  Our  Celestial  Home,  which 
are  all  in  the  German  language.  In  English  he  is  the  author  of 
The  Devout  Companion,  Forget-Me  Not;  The  Peoples'  Friend,  or 
Hints  on  How  to  Preserve  One's  Physical,  Mental  and  Moral 
Health;  and  The  Floral  Apostles,  or  What  the  Flowers  Say  to 
Thinking  Man. 

Ambler,  William  E.,  lawyer,  state  senator,  jurist,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1845,  in  Medina,  Ohio.  Since  1868  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Pentwater,  Mich.  He  was  elected  senator  in  the  state  legis 
lature  in  1878;  was  re-elected  in  1880;  was  president  pro  tern  of 
the  senate  during  his  last  term;  and  was  chairman  of  the  appro 
priation  committee.  He  has  been  prominent  in  real  estate  tran 
sactions  and  a  leading  factor  in  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was  the  possessor  of  a  large  collection  of 
autographic  letters  and  documents.  He  subsequently  became 
judge  of  probate  for  Oceana  county;  and  resides  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Ames,  Albert  Alonzo,  physician,  surgeon,  journalist,  statesman, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1842,  in  Garden  Prairie,  111.  In  1852  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Minneapolis  when  it  was  still  a  portion  of 
the  Fort  Snelling  reservation  of  Minnesota.  In  1862  he  gradu 
ated  in  medicine  and  at  once  was  made  assistant-surgeon  of  the 
seventh  regiment  of  Minnesota  volunteer  infantry.  He  was  with 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  13 

his  regiment  for  three  years;  and  in  1864  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  major-surgeon.  In  1868-74  he  was  managing  editor  of 
the  Alta  California,  the  leading  paper  on  the  pacific  coast;  and 
since  1874  has  practiced  medicine  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  In  1867 
he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the  Minnesota  state  legislature ; 
and  in  1876-90  was  mayor  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.  In  1886  he  was 
the  democratic  nominee  for  governor  of  Minnesota;  and  subse 
quently  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  the  United  States  con 
gress  and  for  lieutenant  governor  of  Minnesota. 

Ames,  Charles  Wilberforce,  publisher,  founder,  was  born  June 
30,  1855,  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  was  educated  at  the  Boy's 
academy  of  Albany,  N.Y.;  and  in  1878  graduated  from  Cornell 
university  of  Ithaca,  N.Y.  He  is  a  noted  law  publisher  of  St. 
Paul,  Minn. ;  and  secretary,  general  manager  and  vice-president 
of  the  West  publishing  company  of  that  city,  publishers  of  the 
National  Reporter  System  and  the  American  Digest  System.  He 
was  the  originator  and  one  of  the  most  active  founders  of  the 
St.  Paul  institute  of  arts  and  sciences,  a  great  and  noble  institu 
tion  beneficial  to  every  home,  every  teacher  and  every  school 
child;  and  stands  for  the  highest  education  and  culture  of  all 
the  people  of  St.  Paul.  He  is  president  of  the  St.  Paul  institute 
of  arts  and  sciences. 

Ames,  Henry,  farmer,  business  president,  was  born  Nov.  20, 
1855,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at  Wyman  institute 
and  at  Washington  university  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  attended  the 
Pennsylvania  military  academy  of  Chester,  Pa.;  and  graduated 
from  the  Washington  and  Lee  university  of  Lexington,  Va.  He 
has  been  vice-president  of  Lindell  hotel  association ;  secretary  the 
new  Lindell  hotel  company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  director  of 
Belcher's  sugar  refinery  company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  been 
interested  in  military  affairs,  and  major  of  the  first  regiment  Mis 
souri  national  guard.  He  is  a  member  of  the  merchants'  exchange, 
St.  Louis  club,  the  Missouri  athletic  club  and  the  New  York  club 
of  New  York  City.  He  is  now  a  successful  farmer  and  agricul 
turalist;  and  proprietor  of  Maples  farm  of  Webster  Groves,  St. 
Louis  county,  Mo. 

Ames,  James  Barr,  educator,  professor  of  law,  author,  was 
born  June  22,  1846,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Boston  public  latin  school;  and  in  1868  graduated  from  Harvard 
university,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
In  1871-72  he  was  a  tutor  of  French  and  German  in  Harvard  col 
lege;  and  an  instructor  in  history  in  1872-73.  In  1873-77  he  was 
associate  professor  of  law  in  Harvard  law  school;  and  has  been 
professor  of  law  in  that  institution  since  1877  and  its  dean  since 
1895.  He  has  compiled  collections  of  cases  on  torts,  pleading, 


14  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

bills  and  notes,  partnership,  trusts,  suretyship  and  equity.  He  is 
the  author  of  numerous  articles  in  the  Harvard  Law  Review  and 
other  law  reviews. 

Ames,  Henry  Semple,  manufacturer,  banker,  business  presi 
dent,  was  born  March  4,  1863,  in  S't.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1886  he  gradu 
ated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Yale;  and  in  1888  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  St.  Louis  law  school.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  banker  and  manufacturer  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  and  assistant 
executive  officer  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  trust  company  of  that 
city.  He  is  president  of  the  Northwestern  expanded  metal  com 
pany  of  Chicago,  111.;  president  of  the  Ames  steel  lath  company 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  and  a  director  in  various  other  corporations. 

Amiger,  William  T.,  educator,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  July  16,  1870,  in  Culpeper,  Va.  He  was  educated  at  the 
state  normal  school  at  Geneseo,  N.Y. ;  attended  the  Lincoln  uni 
versity  of  Oxford,  Pa. ;  studied  in  the  Newton  theological  semi 
nary  of  Newton  Center,  Mass. ;  and  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
In  1903-08  he  was  pastor  of  the  third  baptist  church;  and  since 
1908  has  been  president  of  the  state  university  of  Kentucky  at 
Louisville. 

Amory,  John  J.,  manufacturer,  president,  was  born  in  1856 
in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.  In  1878-80  he  was  engaged  as  a  miner  at 
Tombstone,  Ariz.;  in  1883-84  was  a  hotel  proprietor  at  Billings, 
Mont. ;  and  in  1886-88  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Arm 
strong  manufacturing  company  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  He  is  now 
president  of  the  Gas  engine  and  power  company ;  and  president  of 
Charles  L.  Seabury  and  company  of  Morris  Heights,  New  York 
City,  manufacturers  of  marine  machinery.  He  is  president  of 
the  national  association  of  engine  and  boat  manufacturers ;  and  is 
a  member  of  the  society  of  naval  architects  and  marine  engineers. 

Anders,  Thomas  Jefferson,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  4, 
1838,  in  Bloomville,  Ohio.  He  romeved  to  Montana,  and  later  to 
Walla  Walla,  opening  a  law  office  at  the  latter  town  in  1871.  He 
was  city  attorney;  and  served  five  times  as  prosecuting  attorney 
for  that  district.  He  was  the  unanimous  choice  of  his  brother 
judges  for  the  first  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Washing 
ton;  and  since  1889  has  filled  that  high  position. 

Anderson,  George  Bradley,  merchant,  founder,  was  born  April 
18,  1841,  in  Canandaigua,  N.Y.  In  1863-86  he  was  buyer  and  as 
sistant  manager  for  G.  H.  Seelye.  In  1866-71  he  was  a  partner  in 
Squiers,  Anderson  and  company,  dry  good  merchants;  and  since 
1871  has  been  in  business  for  himself  as  sole  proprietor.  For 
forty  consecutive  years  he  has  been  conducting  a  dry  goods  and 
carpet  business  in  Canandaigua,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1900  built  his  present 
store.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  15 

affairs  of  his  community;  and  has  held  numerous  positions  of 
trust  and  honor. 

Anderson,  Hugh  C.,  lawyer,  banker,  statesman,  was  born  Feb. 
2,  1851,  in  McNairy  county,  Tenn.  For  two  years  he  was  city 
attorney  of  Jackson,  Tenn. ;  and  for  sixteen  years  was  mayor  of 
that  city.  For  twenty-one  years  he  has  been  president  of  the 
People's  savings  bank  of  Jackson,  Tenn.,  which  was  founded  in 
1889.  He  served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee 
state  legislature. 

Anderson,  John,  publisher,  founder,  was  born  in  1836  in  Voss, 
Norway.  He  became  a  printer  on  the  Chicago  Commercial  Ad 
vertiser;  and  then  was  engaged  on  the  Press  and  Tribune.  In 
1866  he  established  the  Skandinavian,  a  Norwegian  paper,  and 
lost  all  in  the  great  fire  of  1871.  He  borrowed  money  and  re-estab 
lished  his  paper,  which  is  now  the  leading  Norwegian  paper  in 
the  United  States  and  published  in  daily,  weekly  and  Sunday 
editions.  He  also  conducts  a  large  job  printing  office,  bindery 
and  book  publishing  department  in  Chicago,  111. 

Anderson,  Josephus,  clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  7,  1829,  in  Hanover  county,  Va.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost 
clergymen  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  south  and  has  held 
the  highest  offices  in  the  gift  of  that  denomination.  He  has  filled 
pastorates  in  the  methodist  episcopal  church  in  the  Florida  con 
ference  in  various  cities  and  in  Leesburg,  Fla.  For  the  past 
fifteen  years  he  has  been  editor  of  the  Florida  Christian  Advocate 
of  Leesburg,  Fla.  He  is  the  author  of  Religious  Principle,  pub 
lished  in  a  valuable  work  entitled  The  Methodist  Pulpit  South. 

Anderson,  Rasmus  Bjorn,  journalist,  educator,  diplomat,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1846,  in  Albion,  Wis.  In  1866  he  became 
professor  of  Greek  and  modern  languages  in  Albion  academy, 
near  his  home.  In  1869  he  became  instructor  in  languages  in  the 
university  of  Wisconsin,  and  in  1875-83  filled  the  chair  of  Scandi 
navian  languages  and  literature  in  that  institution,  where  he 
also  founded  a  Scandinavian  library;  and  has  contributed  to 
Johnson's  Universal  Cyclopaedia;  McClintock  and  Strong's  Cyc 
lopaedia;  the  American  supplement  of  the  Encyclopaedia  Britan- 
ica;  and  to  the  last  edition  of  Chambers'  Encyclopaedia.  He  has 
lectured  extensively  on  the  subject  of  Norse  literature  and  my 
thology.  In  1885-89  he  was  United  States  minister  to  Denmark; 
and  since  1898  has  been  editor  and  publisher  of  Amerika,  a  weekly 
Norwegian  paper.  In  1906-07  he  edited  the  Norroena  Library,  in 
sixteen  volumes.  As  an  author  of  books  he  has  won  an  enviable 
reputation,  his  principal  works  being  Norse  Mythology;  America 
Not  Discovered  by  Columbus;  Echoes  from  Mist-Land;  History 
of  the  Literature  of  the  Scandinavian  North ;  Viking  Tales  of  the 


16  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

North;  The  Younger  Edda;  The  Elder  Edda;  and  several  works 
in  Norwegian. 

Anderson,  Stonewall,  president  Hendrix  college,  was  born 
March  7,  1864,  in  Phillips  county,  Ark.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Helena  district  high  school,  and  at  Hendrix  college.  For  eight 
years  he  was  a  pastor;  for  five  years  was  a  presiding  elder;  and 
since  1902  has  been  a  member  of  the  educational  commission  of 
the  Methodist  episcopal  church  South.  Since  1902  he  has  been 
president  of  Hendrix  college ;  and  resides  in  Conway,  Ark. 

Anderson,  Thomas  MacArthur,  lawyer,  army  officer,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  21,  1836,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Mount  St.  Mary's  college  of  Maryland;  he  graduated  from  the 
Cincinnati  law  school;  and  subsequently  practiced  law.  During 
the  civil  war  he  enlisted  as  a  soldier  in  the  sixth  regiment  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry.  He  has  been  lieutenant  in  the  fifth  United 
States  cavalry ;  captain  in  the  twelfth  United  States  infantry ;  and 
was  acting  field  officer  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  major  in  the 
twenty-first  United  States  infantry;  major  in  the  tenth  United 
States  infantry;  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  ninth  United  States 
infantry;  and  in  1886  became  colonel  in  the  fourteenth  United 
States  infantry.  In  1898  he  was  made  brigadier-general  of  vol 
unteers.  He  commanded  the  first  expedition  to  the  Philippines; 
commanded  the  land  forces  which  took  Manila ;  was  made  major- 
general  of  volunteers  Aug.  13,  1898;  brigadier-general  United 
States  army  March  30,  1899 ;  and  retired  Jan.  21,  1900.  He  later 
became  commandant  of  the  soldiers'  home  in  Ohio.  He  has  been 
vice-president  of  the  sons  of  the  American  revolution;  past  com 
mander  of  the  loyal  legion ;  besides  holding  various  other  posi 
tions  of  honor.  He  is  the  author  of  Conspiracies  Preceding  the 
Rebellion ;  What  Are  American  Principles ;  and  a  number  of  mono 
graphs  on  military,  masonic,  patriotic  and  genealogical  subjects. 

Anderson,  William  E.  J.,  educator,  founder,  college  president, 
was  born  July  24,  1861,  in  Denver,  Col.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  in  the  colleges 
of  Iowa  and  Illinois.  He  soon  attained  success  in  the  educational 
world;  and  has  been  a  teacher  in  various  schools  and  colleges  in 
the  states  of  Iowa,  Illinois  and  Colorado.  In  1888  he  established 
the  Colorado  state  college  of  business  chartered  by  the  state, 
and  now  known  as  the  Trinidad  business  college. 

Andrews,  Eugene  Douglas,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  6, 
1872,  in  Vicksburg,  Miss.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in 
the  public  schools  and  academies  of  his  native  state;  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  at  once  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law;  and  has  attained  success  in  his  profession  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  been  very  prominetly  ic^ntified  wif& 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  17 

the  business  and  public  affairs  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  and  in  1903  de 
clined  the  office  of  assistant  city  attorney  of  St.  Louis  to  become 
counsel  for  the  Commercial  telegraphers'  union  of  America. 

Andrews,  Randal  T.,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  May  18, 
1831,  in  Thomaston,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city.  He  is  a  successful  furniture  dealer  of  Thomas- 
ton,  Conn.;  for  two  years  was  selectman;  and  for  three  terms 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  state  legislature. 
He  is  a  great  grandson  of  William  Andrews,  who  joined  General 
Putnam's  army  to  put  down  an  Indian  uprising  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Erie;  and  subsequently  became  second-lieutenant  in  the 
eighth  Connecticut  regiment  at  Valley  Forge  during  the  revo 
lutionary  war. 

Andrews,  Willis  Phillips,  physician,  surgeon,  proprietor,  was 
born  Aug.  24,  1838,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. ;  and  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  college  of 
medicine  and  surgery.  He  is  physician  and  proprietor  of  Andrews 
magnetic  mineral  springs  at  The  Park,  St.  Louis,  Mich.  During 
the  past  quarter  of  a  century  these  mineral  springs  have  become 
widely  known;  and  in  1888  at  the  Centennial  exposition  of  the 
Ohio  Valley  and  central  states,  held  at  Cincinnati,  Andrews  mag 
netic  mineral  water  was  awarded  the  gold  medal  for  excellence. 

Andridge,  Andrew  Adelbert,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  July  20,  1863,  in  Hillsdale,  Mich.  He  graduated  in  1885 
from  the  Chicago  theological  seminary;  and  was  subsequently 
given  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  by  that  institution  of  learning.  He 
was  ordained  the  same  year ;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Hawarden, 
Iowa ;  in  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis. ;  in  Sturgeon  Bay,  Wis. ;  and  in 
the  Columbia  congregational  church  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  For 
seven  years  he  was  registrar  of  the  Miami  conference  of  congre 
gational  churches.  In  1900-04  he  traveled  extensively  in  Europe ; 
studied  in  Heidelberg;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  World's  Christian 
endeavor  union  convention  held  in  London  in  1900.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  National  lumber  company  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Citizen 's  land  and  coal  company ;  and  manager  of  the 
European  tour  company.  In  1899  he  was  retired  with  the  rank 
of  colonel  in  the  division  of  the  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Kentucky 
united  boys  brigade  of  America.  He  has  delivered  a  college  lec 
ture  course  on  Foreign  Travel.  He  is  the  author  of  Wisconsin 
Church  History. 

Ansel,  Martin  Frederick,  lawyer,  legislator,  governor,  was 
born  Dec.  12,  1850,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Walhalla,  S.C. ;  and  then  began  the  study  of 
law.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  in  South 
Carolina;  has  been  a  representative  in  the  South  Carolina  state 


18  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

legislature ;  and  served  as  solicitor  for  the  eighth  circuit  of  South 
Carolina.  In  1907-09  he  was  governor  of  the  state  of  South  Caro 
lina  ;  and  re-elected  to  second  term  of  1909-11. 

Anthony,  Brayman  William,  educator,  clergyman,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1854,  in  Leray,  N.Y.  In  1880  he  gradu 
ated  with  the  degree  of  Ph.B.  from  Adrian  college  of  Michigan; 
and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Kansas  City 
university.  Since  1877  he  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church ;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  North  Wolcott,  South 
Valley,  Paine 's  Hollow  and  Paris,  111. ;  and  then  in  Springdale 
and  Castle  Shannon,  Pa.  Since  1904  he  has  been  president  of 
Adrian  college  of  Michigan. 

Anthony,  Gardner  Chace,  educator,  founder,  author,  was  born 
April  24,  1856,  in  Providence,  R.I.  He  was  educated  in  the 
English  and  classical  schools  of  Providence,  R.I. ;  and  in  1875-78 
took  a  special  course  in  engineering  at  Brown  university  and  Tufts 
college.  In  1878-85  he  practiced  mechanical  engineering;  and 
since  then  has  been  teaching.  In  1887  he  founded  the  Rhode 
Island  technical  drawing  school;  and  since  1898  has  been  dean 
of  the  engineering  department  at  Tufts  college  of  Massachusetts. 
He  is  the  author  of  Elements  of  Mechanical  Drawing;  Essen 
tials  of  Gearing ;  Machine  Drawing ;  and  Descriptive  Geometry. 

Anthony,  Richard  A.,  merchant,  millionaire,  was  born  May  24, 
1861,  in  New  York  City,  and  is  the  son  of  Edward  Anthony,  the 
noted  civil  engineer  who  died  in  1888.  He  is  vice-president  of 
the  firm  of  E.  and  H.  T.  Anthony,  photographic  materials,  of  New 
York  City,  of  which  firm  his  father  was  the  founder.  He  is  a 
trustee  of  the  United  States  savings  bank  of  New  York  City; 
and  is  identified  with  various  other  financial  and  industrial  corpo 
rations. 

Arbuckle,  John  Chalmers,  soldier,  educator,  clergyman,  was 
born  July  27,  1847,  in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in 
the  fourth  regiment  Iowa  veteran  volunteer  infantry;  and  served 
as  a  private  soldier  till  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He  then  taught 
school  for  a  number  of  years;  and  in  1874  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  university  of  Delaware.  For  over  a  quarter  of 
a  century  he  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church,  his  principal  pastorates  being  in  Columbus  and  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio.  For  four  years  he  was  presiding  elder  on  the  Gallipolis 
district;  and  for  six  years  presiding  elder  of  the  Columbus  dis 
trict.  He  has  thrice  been  a  member  of  the  general  conference  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church;  and  for  six  years  served  as  a 
member  of  the  general  missionary  board.  He  is  now  district  su 
perintendent  of  the  Lancaster  district  of  the  Ohio  annual  con 
ference. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUKY  19 

Archibald,  Andrew  Webster,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April 
10,  1851,  in  New  Kingston,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Union  col 
lege;  at  the  Yale  divinity  school;  and  subsequently  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  from  Union  college.  He  filled  pastorates  in  con 
gregational  churches  in  Nevinville,  Fontanelle,  Stuart,  Ottumwa 
and  Davenport,  Iowa ;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Hyde  Park  and 
Brockton,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Iowa  college ; 
and  was  president  of  the  Iowa  congregational  home  missionary 
society.  He  has  been  a  moderator  of  the  Boston  ministers  meet 
ing;  a  director  of  the  Massachusetts'  Christian  endeavor  union; 
and  Massachusetts  delegate-at-large  to  the  congregational  national 
council.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Bible  Verified ;  and  The  Trend 
of  the  Centuries. 

Arctander,  John  W.,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  in  1849  in  Stock 
holm,  Sweden.  After  he  received  his  education  he  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1880  he  became  district  attorney 
for  the  twelfth  judicial  district  of  Minnesota;  and  in  1885  was 
made  a  member  of  the  commission  which  drafted  the  present 
penal  code  of  the  state  of  Minnesota.  Since  1886  he  has  practiced 
law  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. ;  and  has  been  identified  with  the  legal 
and  political  affairs  of  that  city.  He  is  the  author  of  Practical 
Handbook  of  the  Laws  of  Minnesota,  published  in  Norwegian  and 
in  Swedish;  The  Apostle  of  Alaska;  and  also  translated  into 
English  Ibsen's  The  Master  Builder. 

Ardery,  Mrs.  Mary  D.,  physician,  scientist,  was  born  Oct.  8, 

1842,  in  Carrollton,  Ky.  ,  She  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  her  native  state;   attended  the  Iowa   female  seminary;   and 
graduated  from  the  Keokuk  medical  and  Chicago  polyclinic.    She 
is  a  prominent  physician  of  Knoxville,  Iowa ;  has  been  vice-presi 
dent  of  Marion  county  medical  society;  and  president   of  the 
state  society  Iowa  medical  women. 

Armfield,  Wyatt  Jackson,  farmer,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  25, 

1843,  near  High  Point,  N.C.    He  was  educated  at  the  Oak  Ridge 
institute.     He  is  a  successful  farmer  of  High  Point,  N.C. ;  and 
president  of  the  first  national  bank  of  that  city.    He  is  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  first  national  bank  of  Randolph ;  and  a  director  in  the 
bank  of  Randolph,  bank  of  Thomasville,  bank  of  Montgomery, 
bank  of  Madison,  bank  of  Davie,  bank  of  Almarce,  Greensboro 
national  bank,  North  Carolina  savings  and  trust  company,  the 
North  Carolina  fire  insurance  company  and  various  other  corpo 
rations. 

Armin,  Charles  E.,  lawyer,  poet  was  born  Dec.  27,  1853,  in  De 
Kalb,  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.Y.  He  finished  his  education  at  the 
State  Normal  school  at  Pottsdam,  N.Y.  In  1878  he  moved  out 
west,  and  five  years  later  commenced  the  practice  of  law;  has 


20  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

become  prominent  in  that  profession ;  and  is  well  known  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  Waukesha,  Wis. ;  and  for  two  years  was  district  at 
torney  of  Waukesha  county.  He  is  now  holding  the  office  of 
municipal  judge  for  the  eastern  district  of  Waukesha  county,  Wis. 
His  writings  have  appeared  in  various  publications ;  and  his  poems 
have  been  given  a  place  in  standard  works.  In  1900  he  published 
a  collection  of  his  poems  as  a  gift  book  to  his  personal  friends? 
but  the  edition  is  long  since  exhausted  and  he  is  now  arranging  to 
publish  a  volume  of  poems  to  place  on  the  market. 

Armour,  Michael  Cochrane,  merchant,  railroad  president,  was 
born  Jan.  11,  1851,  in  Auburn,  N.Y.  He  is  resident  partner  in 
the  firm  of  Rogers,  Brown  and  company,  pig  iron  merchants.  He 
is  also  president  of  the  Chicago  short  line  railway ;  is  president  of 
the  Iroquois  iron  company;  is  vice-president  of  the  Rogers  iron 
mining  company ;  and  a  director  in  the  Cleveland  furnace  company 
and  various  other  corporations. 

Armstrong,  Samuel  Treat,  physician,  army  surgeon,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1859,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1879  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  Ph.  B.  from  the  St.  Louis  university ;  and  also  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  St.  Louis  medical  school.  In 
1880  he  entered  the  United  States  marine  hospital  service ;  was  in 
the  United  States  army  at  the  army  general  hospital  at  Key  West, 
Fla. ;  and  was  chief  sanitary  inspector  and  chief  surgeon  in  Cuba 
and  the  Philippine  islands.  In  1881  he  was  commissioned  assist 
ant  surgeon;  and  in  1884  was  promoted  to  passed  assistant  sur 
geon  in  the  United  States  marine  hospital  service.  He  resigned 
his  commission  in  1890;  and  in  1898-1901  was  major  and  brigade 
surgeon  in  the  United  States  army.  Since  1901  he  has  practiced 
medicine  in  New  York  City;  and  is  a  noted  hygienist  and  sani 
tarian. 

Armstrong,  William  Dawson,  musician,  composer,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  11,  1868,  in  Alton,  111.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
Alton  public  schools  and  at  Shurtleff  college.  In  1889  he  was 
elected  to  a  professorship  in  Forest  Park  university  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.;  and  in  1891-96  he  was  director  of  the  Shurtleff  school  of 
music  at  Alton,  111.  In  1899-1901  he  was  president  of  the  Illinois 
music  teachers'  association.  In  1904  he  was  one  of  the  solo  organ 
ists  at  the  St.  Louis  Louisiana  purchase  exposition.  He  is  director 
of  music  at  Shurtleff  college  and  the  Western  military  academy. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Rudiments  of  Musical  Notation ;  and  com 
poser  of  numerous  compositions  for  the  piano-forte,  organ,  voice, 
violin  and  orchestra. 

Arnecke,  Christopher  Adam  Heinrich,  physician,  pharmacist, 
public  official,  was  born  April  20,  1860,  in  Arenekeville,  Texas. 
He  received  a  thorough  education;  attended  lecturers  at  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  21 

medical  department  of  the  Louisville  university;  and  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  university  of  the  South 
at  Sewanee,  Tenn.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and  druggist 
of  Areneckeville,  Texas;  and  medical  examiner  for  several  life 
insurance  companies  and  various  lodges.  He  is  a  notary  public; 
a  member  of  the  county,  state  and  American  medical  societies; 
and  prominetly  identified  with  the  business  and  public  aifairs  of 
his  community. 

Arnold,  Herbert  A.,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
4,  1857,  in  Norristown,  Pa.  In  1873  he  graduated  from  Norris- 
town  high  school;  and  in  1878  graduated  from  the  Jefferson 
medical  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since  1878  he  has  been  act 
ively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  and  in  1887  was 
president  of  the  Montgomery  county  medical  society.  During 
the  Spanish-American  war  he  was  surgeon  in  the  Pennsylvania 
volunteer  cavalry ;  since  1899  has  been  treasurer  of  the  association 
of  military  surgeon  of  the  United  States;  and  is  major  and  sur 
geon  of  the  sixth  regiment  Pennsylvania  national  guard.  He  is 
vice-president  of  the  Merion  title  and  trust  company  of  Ardmore, 
Pa. ;  director  of  the  Lower  Merion  building  and  loan  association ; 
and  medical  examiner  for  a  number  of  life  insurance  companies. 
He  is  the  author  of  Monographs  and  valuable  articles  contributed 
to  medical  journals. 

Arnold,  James  Newell,  publisher,  genealogist,  author,  was  born 
Aug,  3,  1844,  in  Cranston,  R.I.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state,  which  was  supplemented  by  private 
tuition.  He  is  an  eminent  genealogist  and  historian  of  Providence, 
R.I.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Narragansett  Historical  Register, 
in  eight  volumes;  Rhode  Island  Vital  Records,  in  seveteen  vol 
umes,  the  largest  genealogist  work  ever  edited  and  published  by 
a  single  person  in  the  United  States.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the 
preparation  of  a  Digest  of  Probate  of  Rhode  Island. 

Arnold,  Jasper  Henry,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  9,  1869, 
in  Brazos  county,  Texas;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of 
Texas.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Gatesville,  Texas;  county  attorney 
for  Coryell  county,  Texas;  and  served  as  district  attorney.  He 
is  now  judge  of  the  fifty-second  judicial  district  of  Texas,  com 
posed  of  Coryell,  Hamilton  and  Comanche  counties.  Under  his 
administration  as  mayor  he  built  the  beautiful  stone  public  school 
in  Gatesville,  Texas. 

Arnold,  Ralph,  geologist,  paleontologist,  scientist,  was  born 
April  14,  1875,  in  Marshalltown,  Iowa.  In  1894  he  graduated 
from  the  Throop  polytechnic  institute;  and  subsequently  gradu 
ated  from  the  Leland  Stanford  university  with  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
A.M.  and  Ph.D.  In  1898-99  he  was  assistant  in  mineralogy  at 


22  PRORGESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  Stanford  university ;  and  in  1899-1900  was  professor  of  physics 
and  chemistry  at  Hoitts  school  of  Menlo  Park,  Cal.  In  1903-05 
he  was  gealogic  aid  in  the  United  States  geological  survey;  and 
since  1895  has  been  paleontologist  in  the  United  States  geological 
survey.  He  has  made  original  researches  on  the  paleontology  and 
petroleum  resources  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  He  is 
a  member  of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of 
science.  He  is  the  author  of  several  Monographs  and  Reports  on 
the  Geology,  Paleontology  and  Petroleum  Resources  of  California. 

Arnold,  Sarah  Louise,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  15, 
1859,  in  North  Abington,  Mass. ;  in  1878  she  graduated  from  the 
State  normal  school  at  Bridgewater,  Mass. ;  and  in  1902  received 
the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Tufts  college.  She  taught  school  in 
Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire.  For 
two  years  she  was  principal  of  the  training  school  at  Saratoga, 
N.Y. ;  for  seven  years  she  was  supervisor  of  schools  at  Minneapolis, 
Minn.;  in  1895-1902  was  supervisor  of  schools  at  Boston,  Mass.; 
and  since  1902  has  been  dean  of  Simmons  college  of  Boston,  Mass. 
She  is  the  author  of  Waymarks  for  Teachers ;  Stepping  Stones  to 
Literature ;  Reading ;  How  to  Teach  It ;  and  The  Mother  Tongue 

Arnold,  Solon,  naval  officer,  was  born  July  12,  1854,  in  Anne 
Arundel  county,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  St.  John's  college; 
and  graduated  from  the  United  States  naval  academy.  In  1876 
he  became  cadet  engineer;  in  1883  was  promoted  to  assistant 
engineer ;  and  in  1894  attained  the  rank  of  passed  engineer,  which 
rank  was  changed  to  lieutenant  in  1899.  In  1899-1901  he  was 
engaged  on  inspection  duty  in  the  bureau  of  steam  engineering 
and  ordnance;  and  from  1901  was  engaged  on  inspection  duty 
in  the  bureau  of  steam  engineering.  He  attained  the  rank  of  lieu 
tenant-commander  and  commander  in  the  United  States  navy, 
now  retired. 

Arthur,  Jesse,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1846,  in  Ker- 
shaw  county,  S.C.  From  1863  he  served  in  the  confederate  army 
through  the  civil  war.  He  was  made  prisoner  in  front  of  Rich 
mond  in  1864;  and  was  released  in  March  of  the  following  year. 
In  1889  moved  to  Washington  territory ;  and  in  1892-97  he  served 
as  superior  court  judge  of  the  state  of  Washington  for  Spokane 
county.  He  established  a  free  scholarship  to  the  American  med 
ical  missionary  college  of  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  of  which  institu 
tion  he  prepared  the  charter  and  the  entire  plant  upon  which  it 
is  now  being  operated.  He  now  practices  law  in  Battle  Creek, 
Mich. 

Ash,  Percy,  educator,  architect,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1866,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.;  and  graduated  with  the  degrees  of  B.S.  and  C.E. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  23 

from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  He  studied  architecture; 
and  in  1895  was  awarded  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  traveling 
scholarship.  He  was  instructor  in  drawing  at  the  Franklin  in 
stitute  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  practiced  architecture  for  a 
short  time  in  that  city.  In  1900-03  he  was  a  designer  in  the  United 
States  supervising  architect's  office;  and  designed  the  Fish  com 
mission  buildings  for  the  World's  fair  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  and 
postoffices  in  Seattle  and  other  cities.  Since  1903  he  has  been 
professor  of  architecture  at  the  George  Washington  university. 

Ashe,  Samuel  A 'Court,  lawyer,  journalist,  historian,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  13,  1840,  near  Wilmington,  N.C.  He  attended  the 
Georgetown  mathematical  academy,  Rugby  academy,  Oxford  mili 
tary  academy  and  the  United  States  naval  academy.  He  served 
as  captain  in  the  confederate  army.  He  has  been  the  postmaster 
of  Raleigh,  N.C. ;  and  was  chairman  of  the  state  democratic  ex 
ecutive  committee.  He  is  now  a  successful  journalist  an  able 
lawyer  and  a  noted  historian.  He  is  editor-in-chief  of  The  Bio 
graphical  History  of  North  Carolina ;  and  the  author  of  The  His 
tory  of  North  Carolina. 

Ashhurst,  Richard  Lewis,  soldier,  lawyer,  historian,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  5,  1838,  in  Naples,  Italy,  of  American  parents.  In 
1856  he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in 
1859  from  the  law  department  of  the  same  institution.  He  served 
in  the  union  army  as  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  one 
hundred  and  fiftieth  regiment  Pennsylvania  volunteers;  was 
brevetted  captain  for  services  at  Chancellorsville ;  and  was  bre- 
vetted  major  United  States  volunteers  for  distinguished  gallantry 
at  Gettysburg.  He  is  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  historical  society;  a  member  of  the 
American  philosophical  society;  vice-dean  of  the  Shakespeare 
society;  and  president  of  the  Philadelphia  athenaeum.  In  1906 
he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  Shakespeare  Society;  Remarks  on  First 
Day's  Fight  at  Gettysburg;  Contemporary  Evidence  of  Shakes 
peare  's  Identity ;  and  Memoir  of  W.  M.  Meredith. 

Ashton,  Thomas  Hutchinson,  soldier,  physician,  surgeon,  scien 
tist,  was  born  March  8,  1841,  near  Fayetteville,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools;  Professor  B.  F.  Southworth's 
school  of  Defiance,  Ohio;  and  graduated  from  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Michigan  and  from  the  university  of 
Nashville,  Tenn.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  acting  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  United  States  army,  department  of  the  Cumber 
land,  in  charge  of  the  United  States  smallpox  hospital;  and  also 
of  the  United  States  general  hospital,  No.  4,  at  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
He  has  attained  success  in  his  profession  at  Syracuse,  Neb.;  and 


24  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

has  been  president  of  the  United  States  examining  surgeons  at 
Nebraska  City,  Neb.  He  has  always  been  a  close  student;  has 
collected  a  fine  library;  devotes  much  time  to  the  study  of  an 
thropology  and  ethnology;  and  is  the  author  of  valuable  papers 
on  scientific  subjects. 

Atkinson,  Gkorge  Wesley,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  author, 
poet,  was  born  June  29,  1845,  in  Virginia,  now  West  Virginia.  In 
1870  he  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university;  took 
a  post-graduate  course  at  Mount  Union  college;  studied  law  two 
years ;  took  the  law  course  at  the  Columbian  university ;  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Howard  university ;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875.  He  has  been  eminently  successful  as 
a  lawyer ;  and  was  four  years  United  States  marshal  for  West  Vir 
ginia.  In  1889-91  he  was  a  representative  from  West  Virginia 
to  the  fifty-first  congress.  In  1897-1901  he  was  governor  of  West 
Virginia;  and  for  four  years  was  United  States  district  attorney 
for  West  Virginia.  Since  1905  he  has  been  associate  justice  of 
the  United  States  court  of  claims  at  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  the 
author  of  seven  different  books,  all  of  which  have  been  popular 
and  had  a  large  sale.  He  has  the  manuscript  poems  for  a  good 
size  volume,  which  will  be  published  later  in  life.  Being  a  classi 
cally  educated  man,  all  of  his  public  addresses  are  of  a  high  order, 
He  has  received  the  degrees  of  B.A.,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  Ph.D.,  LL.B., 
LL.D.  and  D.C.L.  The  later  degree  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  university  of  West  Virginia,  and  is  the  only  degree  of  its 
grade  ever  conferred.  The  only  honorary  degree  ever  conferred 
upon  this  eminent  statesman  and  jurist  was  that  of  Sc.D.,  which 
was  extended  by  the  United  States  Grant  university  and  by  the 
university  of  Nashville;  and  all  of  the  other  degrees  he  has  re 
ceived  from  work  done  by  him. 

Atkinson,  Louis  E.,  physician,  lawyer,  broker,  congressman, 
was  born  April  16,  1841,  in  Juniata  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools;  at  Airy  View  and  Milnwood  academies; 
studied  medicine,  and  in  1861  graduated  from  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  the  City  of  New  York.  He  entered 
the  medical  department  of  the  United  States  army  in  1861;  and 
served  as  assistant  surgeon  in  the  first  Pennsylvania  re'serve 
cavalry ;  and  as  surgeon  in  the  one  hundred  and  eighty-eighth  reg 
iment  Pennsylvania  infantry ;  and  was  mustered  out  in  1865.  He 
was  disabled  while  in  the  army;  and  being  unable  to  practice 
medicine,  studied  law;  and  has  practiced  law  since  1870.  In 
1883-93  he  was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  in  the  forty- 
eighth  to  the  fifty-second  congresses.  He  is  president  of  the 
Juniata  Valley  national  bank. 

Atterbury,  William  Wallace,  railroad  manager,  was  born  Jan. 
31,  1866,  in  New  Albany,  Ind.  He  received  his  education  in  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  25 

public  schools  of  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  he  graduated  from  Yale 
university.  In  1886  he  entered  the  railway  service  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  railroad  company;  and  in  1889-92  was  assistant  road 
foreman  of  engines  on  various  divisions.  fi  i893  he  became 
master  mechanic  for  the  Pennsylvania  company  ai  !<r>rt  Wayne, 
Ind.  In  1896  he  was  advanced  to  general  superinu :  ut  of  motive 
power  of  the  Pennsylvania  lines  east  of  Pittsburg  and  Eric;  and 
since  1903  has  been  general  manager. 

Atwater,  John  Wilbur,  farmer,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Dec.  27, 1840,  in  Chatham  county,  N.C.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  at  Hughes  academy. 
He  has  always  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits;  and  is  a 
successful  farmer  of  Chapel  Hill,  N.C.  He  served  in  the  confed 
erate  army  in  company  D,  first  regiment  North  Carolina  volun 
teers;  and  was  with  the  army  of  General  R.  E.  Lee  until  the  end 
of  the  civil  war,  surrendering  with  Lee  at  Appomattox.  In  1887 
he  joined  the  farmers'  alliance  in  Chatham  county,  N.C. ;  was  its 
first  president  and  served  two  terms;  and  subsequently  served 
two  terms  as  president  of  the  sub-alliance.  In  1892-94  and  1896« 
98  he  served  two  terms  in  the  North  Carolina  state  senate;  and 
was  elected  chairman  of  the  populist  caucus.  In  1899-1901  he  was 
a  representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  fifty-sixth  congress 
as  an  independent  populist. 

Atwell,  William  Hawley,  lawyer,  orator,  was  born  June  9, 
1869,  in  La  Crosse,  Wis.  He  attended  the  Dallas  public  schools, 
Texas ;  the  Southwestern  university,  and  the  State  university.  In 
1889  he  was  assistant  attorney  of  Dallas  county;  in  1894  was 
nominee  for  attorney-general  of  Texas.  He  has  been  secretary  of 
the  State  Republican  league ;  of  the  National  Committeemen  league 
in  1896;  and  is  a  prominent  member  in  various  societies.  He 
is  one  of  the  finest  speakers  in  the  south,  his  oratory  being  strong, 
sparkling  and  convincing.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  attorney ;  was  reappointed  in  1902  and  again  in 
1906. 

Atwood,  John  Harrison,  lawyer,  political  economist,  was  born 
Sept.  12,  1860,  in  Phillipstown,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Athol  and  Ayer,  Mass. ;  studied  for  one  year  in 
Europe ;  attended  the  academical  department  of  Harvard  univer 
sity  ;  and  in  1884  graduated  from  the  Harvard  law  school.  Since 
1885  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
Leavenworth,  Kan. ;  and  in  1886-92  was  county  attorney  for 
Leavenworth  county.  Since  1892  he  has  been  a  delegate  to  every 
democratic  national  convention.  He  was  formerly  law  partner  of 
Lucien  Baker,  United  States  senator  from  Kansas;  and  formerly 
also  a  law  partner  of  William  C.  Hook,  judge  of  the  United  States 


26  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

circuit  court  of  appeals.  In  1904-08  he  was  a  member  of  the 
democratic  national  committee  for  Kansas. 

Atwood,  Louis  Kossuth,  farmer,  educator,  lawyer,  merchant, 
legislator,  banker,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1851,  in  Wilcox  county,  Ala. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Lincoln  university  Pennsylvania.  He  has 
been  a  successful  farmer  and  school  teacher,  lawyer  and  merchant 
of  Jackson,  Miss.;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  community.  He  is  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  trust  and  savings  bank  of  Jackson,  Miss. ;  is  the  president  of 
the  Southern  bank  of  Mississippi ;  and  a  director  in  various  corpo 
rations.  He  served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  Missis 
sippi  state  legislature;  was  master  in  the  insurance  order  of 
Jacobs;  and  has  held  various  other  position  of  trust  and  honor. 

Augur,  George  Jacob,  physician,  surgeon,  scientist,  was  born 
Oct.  1,  1853,  in  West  Haven,  Conn.  In  1876  he  graduated  from 
Hopkins  grammar  school  of  New  Haven,  Conn. ;  and  in  1879  gradu 
ated  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Yale  medical  college.  In  1881 
he  was  appointed  the  resident  physician  and  surgeon  at  the  Con 
necticut  state  hospital  at  New  Haven.  In  1894  he  was  made  a 
member  of  the  Alameda  county  homoeopathic  medical  society, 
of  which  he  has  been  both  vice-president  and  president.  In  1882- 
98  he  was  attending  physician  of  the  Faboila  hospital  of  Oakland, 
Cal. ;  and  in  1905  was  elected  a  member  of  the  international 
Hahnemannian  association.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in  Amer 
ica,  the  continent  and  Japan ;  and  has  contributed  valuable  papers 
to  medical  and  scientific  journals. 

Austill,  Hurieosco,  soldier,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Feb. 
16,  1843,  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  which  has  always  been  his  place  of  resi 
dence.  He  graduated  from  the  university  of  Alabama;  and  at 
tained  success  as  an  eminent  lawyer.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  a  captain  in  the  confederate  army.  He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Alabama  state  senate. 

Austin,  Charles  S.,  farmer,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Nov. 
10,  1862,  in  Carroll  county,  Mo.  In  1883  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Central  college  of  Fayette,  Mo. ;  in  1887  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  St.  Louis  medical  college ;  and 
in  1891  took  a  New  York  post-graduate  course.  He  is  a  successful 
physician  and  surgeon  of  Carrollton,  Mo.;  and  also  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  has  been  coroner  and  health  officer  of 
Carroll  county;  and  a  member  of  the  city  and  county  boards  of 
health.  He  has  been  secretary  of  the  board  of  pension  examiners ; 
and  surgeon  and  major  in  the  fourth  infantry  Missouri  national 
guard.  He  has  been  president  and  secretary  of  the  county  medical 
society. 

Averitt,  Kirby  Gladstone,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  March 
10,  1870,  in  Stedman,  N.C.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  27 

of  his  native  state ;  and  in  1893  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  Baltimore  medical  college.  He  is  an  eminent  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Cedar  Creek,  N.C. ;  and  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  community. 

Avery,  Robert,  soldier,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  22,  1839,  in  Tunkhannock,  Pa.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  and  graduated  from  the  Wyoming  Seminary  of  King 
ston,  Pa.  In  1861-65  he  served  in  the  Civil  War  as  Captain  to 
Brevet  Major  General;  lost  his  right  leg  at  the  battle  of  Lookout 
Mountain  and  was  retired  as  colonel  in  the  United  States  army. 
In  1870  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  soon  attained  success  in 
the  practice  of  law.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Union  Loan 
and  Investment  Company,  vice  president  of  the  Burlington  and 
Southwestern  Railway  Company,  president  of  the  Niagara  Tin 
Smelting  Company,  president  of  the  Threadless  Lock-Nut  and 
Bolt  Company ;  vice-president  of  the  Brooklyn  Hygienic  Ice  Com 
pany  and  is  a  director  in  various  other  corporations.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  of  the  Military  Order 
Loyal  Legion. 

Axline,  William  Andrew,  educator,  superintendent  of  schools, 
was  born  Aug.  18,  1846,  near  Fultonham,  Ohio.  He  received  a 
thorough  education;  and  graduated  from  the  Fultanham  high 
school  and  academy.  He  has  been  superintendent  and  principal 
of  the  Roseville,  South  Zanesville,  White  cottage  and  Fultonham 
schools  of  Ohio ;  he  has  spent  over  forty  years  in  the  school  room 
as  a  teacher;  and  hundreds  of  his  pupils  have  become  prominent 
teachers  and  successful  business  men.  He  has  also  contributed 
valuable  articles  to  educational  literature. 

Axtell,  Decatur,  civil  engineer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Feb.  8,  1848,  in  Elyria,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the  Illinois  col 
lege  of  Jacksonville,  111.  He  has  held  civil  engineering  positions 
on  the  Pacific  railroad  of  Missouri;  and  in  1869-80  was  civil  en 
gineer  of  the  St.  Louis  iron  mountain  and  southern  railway.  In 
1888-89  he  was  vice-president  and  receiver  of  the  Richmond  and 
Allegheny  railroad;  in  1880-89  was  vice-president  of  the  Chesa 
peake  and  Ohio  railway  company ;  and  was  chairman  of  the  boards 
of  directors  of  the  Toledo  and  Ohio  central  and  of  the  Kanawha 
and  Michigan  railway  companies.  He  is  also  president  of  the 
Virginia  hot  springs  company  of  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  society  of  civil  engineers ;  and  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  historical  society. 

Aycock,  Charles  B.,  lawyer,  governor,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1859, 
in  Fremont,  N.C.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  and  academies 
of  Fremont,  Wilson  and  Kingston ;  and  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina.  For  several  years  he  was  county  superin- 


28  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tendent  of  education  for  Wayne  county,  N.C. ;  was  district  demo 
cratic  elector  in  1888;  and  elector-at-large  in  1902.  He  has  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  state 
of  North  Carolina;  and  in  1893-98  served  with  distinction  as 
United  States  attorney.  In  1901-05  he  was  governor  of  North 
Carolina.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Goldsboro  graded  schools ;  and  a  trustee  of  the  univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina. 

Bacon,  Edgar  Mayhew,  educator,  lecturer,  artist,  author,  was 
born  June  5,  1855,  in  the  Bahamas,  where  his  father,  John  R. 
Bacon,  was  then  United  States  consul.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  in  private  schools.  For  a  while  he  was  engaged  in 
art;  and  subsequently  was  an  editorial  writer  on  New  York 
weeklies.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in  the  West  Indias;  and  is 
a  noted  lecturer.  He  is  the  author  of  The  New  Jamaica;  The 
Pocket  Piece;  Chronicles  of  Tarrytown  and  Sleepy  Hollow;  The 
Hudson  River,  from  Ocean  to  Source;  Narragansett  Bay;  Henry 
Hudson;  and  other  works. 

Bacon,  Frederick  Hampton,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  May 
5,  1849,  in  Niles,  Mich.  He  has  gained  a  high  position  at  the  bar 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  author  of  a  law  treatise  entitled 
Benefit  Societies  and  Life  Insurance. 

Bailey,  Mrs.  Hannah  Johnston,  superintendent  of  the  depart 
ment  of  peace  and  arbitration  in  the  world 's  and  national  woman 's 
Christian  temperance  union,  was  born  July  5,  1839,  in  Cornwall- 
on-the-Hudson,  in  N.Y.  She  received  her  education  at  a  denomi 
national  boarding  school;  and  subsequently  followed  the  profes 
sion  of  teaching  for  two  years.  In  1868  she  married  Moses  Bailey, 
a  successful  oil  cloth  manufacturer  at  Winthrop,  Maine,  where 
she  has  resided  ever  since.  Mrs.  Bailey  was  one  of  the  judges  in 
the  department  of  liberal  arts  at  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition.  For  ten  years  she  was  treasurer  of  a  foreign  missionary 
society;  and  was  treasurer  of  the  national  council  of  Women 
during  a  term  of  four  years.  She  was  president  of  the  Maine 
equal  suffrage  association  1891-97,  but  is  best  known  by  her 
work  along  lines  of  temperance  and  peace. 

Bailey,  Morton  S.,  district  judge  of  Colorado,  was  born  July 
3,  1855,  in  Tioga  county,  Pa.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Colo 
rado  state  senate.  Since  1892  he  has  been  judge  of  the  eleventh 
state  district  court  of  Colorado,  and  is  now  serving  his  second 
term  of  1907-13  ;  and  resides  in  Canon  City,  Colo. 

Bailey,  William  Whitman,  botanist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
22,  1843,  in  West  Point,  N.Y. ;  and  is  a  brother  of  L.  W.  Bailey.  In 
1864  he  was  graduated  from  Brown  university;  in  1900  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  of  New  Brunswick ;  took  a  special  course 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  29 

in  botany  at  Harvard  university ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A.M.,  B.Ph.  and  LL.D.  In  1877-1906  he  was  professor  of  botany 
at  Brown  university.  He  is  the  author  of  New  England  Wild 
Flowers  and  Their  Seasons;  Am:>ng  Rhode  Island  Wild  Flowers; 
Botanical  Collector's  Handbook;  ami  Botanizing. 

Bair,  Joseph  Hershey,  educator,  anthropologist,  scientist,  was 
born  June  21,  1875,  in  Hall,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  Pennsyl 
vania  central  state  normal  school  and  other  institutions  of  learn 
ing  ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.E.,  Ph.B.,  A.M.  and  Ph.D. 
In  1902-03  he  was  assistant  anthropologist  at  Columbia  univer 
sity;  and  in  1903-04  was  research  assistant  at  the  Carnegie  in 
stitute.  In  1904-08,  he  was  professor  of  psychology  and  education 
at  the  university  of  Colorado.  He  has  made  researches  on  the 
control  and  formation  of  habits.  Since  1908  he  has  devoted  his 
life  to  research  work. 

Baker,  Bernard  Nadal,  chemist,  merchant,  president,  philan 
thropist,  was  born  May  11,  1854,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  received 
a  thorough  education,  and  graduated  from  the  Sheffield  scientific 
school  of  Yale  university.  He  was  president  of  the  Atlantic  trans 
port  company;  president  of  the  Baker- Whiteley  coal  company; 
and  president  of  the  Baltimore  storage  and  lighterage  company. 
He  gave  the  ship  Missouri  to  the  United  States  government,  being 
moved  thereto  by  her  record  in  life-saving.  The  Missouri  re 
scued  almost  a  thousand  persons  from  sinking  and  disabled  ships ; 
she  carried  gratuitously  food  for  thirty-thousand  people  in  the 
Russian  famine;  and  she  transported  between  one  and  two  thou 
sand  patients  and  hospital  attaches  in  the  war  with  Spain. 

Baker,  Charles,  soldier,  banker,  financier,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1867,  in  New  York  City.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  New  York  City;  received  an 
academic  education;  and  graduated  from  the  Van  Norman  in 
stitute.  He  served  nine  years  in  the  twenty-third  regiment.  He 
has  been  auditor  of  the  State  trust  company;  auditor  of  the 
Atlantic  trust  company;  and  treasurer  of  the  Metropolitan  trust 
company.  He  is  now  a  successful  banker  of  New  York  City ;  and 
secretary  of  the  Metropolitan  trust  company.  He  maintains  a 
summer  home  at  Sea  Gate,  New  York  harbor.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  old  guard  veteran  association  of  the  twenty-third  regiment; 
is  a  member  of  the  Union  league  club,  Atlantic  yacht  club,  New 
York  historical  society  and  of  various  other  patriotic  and  social 
clubs  and  societies. 

Baker,  Thomas  Hudson,  soldier,  physician,  surgeon,  planter, 
statesman,  was  born  April  28,  1839,  in  Bartow  county,  Ga.  He 
received  a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
state;  and  graduated  from  the  Washington  university  of  Mary- 


30  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

land.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  company  commander  in  the 
eighteenth  regiment  Georgia  volunteers;  and  he  subsequently 
became  assistant  surgeon,  then  surgeon,  and  at  the  surrender  was 
brigade  surgeon.  In  1873-76  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Georgia  state  legislature ;  and  in  1880-81  and  1900-01  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Georgia  state  senate. 

Balch,  Galusha  B.,  physician,  genealogist,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  6,  1839,  in  Pittsburgh,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Platts- 
burgh  academy;  and  in  1860  graduated  in  medicine  from  the 
college  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  New  York  City.  During 
the  civil  war  he  was  assistant  surgeon  in  the  ninety-eighth  regi 
ment  New  York  volunteers,  and  also  in  the  second  veteran  cavalry. 
He  is  an  eminent  physician  of  Yonkers,  N.  Y. ;  and  superintendent 
of  the  Westchester  county  society  for  the  prevention  of  cruelty 
to  children,  of  which  he  has  also  been  president.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Balch  Genealogy. 

Baldwin,  David  Candee,  soldier,  merchant,  banker,  statesman, 
was  born  Sept.  18,  1836,  in  Elyria,  Ohio.  He  entered  mercantile 
business  with  his  father  and  others  in  1855,  continuing  therein 
until  1893.  As  first  lieutenant  in  company  K,  one  hundred  and 
thirty-fifth  regiment  Ohio  volunteers,  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
some  very  lively  skirmishes  in  West  Virginia  state,  where  John 
Brown  located.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  historical  society 
of  Cleveland,  as  incorporator  and  trustee;  and  is  the  donor  of  a 
fine  archaeological  collection  from  American  and  foreign  sources. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  seventy-second  and  seventy-third  Ohio 
general  assemblies  as  a  republican.  He  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  national  bank  of  Elyria,  Ohio ;  and  vice-president  of  the  West 
ern  Reserve  historical  society  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Baldwin,  Frank  Dwight,  soldier,  was  born  June  16,  1842,  in 
Manchester,  Mich.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  and  high 
schools  of  Constantine  City,  Mich. ;  and  graduated  from  Hillsdale 
college.  He  served  with  distinction  throughout  the  civil  war; 
served  in  the  Michigan  horse  guards  as  second  lieutenant ;  and  be 
came  captain  of  the  nineteenth  regiment  Michigan  infantry.  In 
1866  he  entered  the  regular  army  as  first  lieutenant;  he  became 
captain  in  1879;  and  lieutenant-colonel  in  1899.  In  1901  he  was 
promoted  to  colonel  of  the  twenty-seventh  regiment ;  and  attained 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  1902.  In  1864  he  received  a 
medal  of  honor  for  distinguished  bravery  in  the  battle  of  Peach- 
tree  Creek,  Ga. ;  and  received  a  medal  of  honor  in  1874  for  dis 
tinguished  gallantry  in  action  against  the  Indians  in  Texas.  In 
the  Philippines  he  commanded  the  first  body  of  civilized  troops  on 
the  island  of  Mindanao,  where  in  the  battle  of  Bylan  the  Moros 
lost  over  three  hundred  men.  He  is  now  in  charge  of  the  de 
partment  of  Colorado,  with  headquarters  at  Denver. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  31 

Baldwin,  James  Mark,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  12, 1861, 
in  Columbia,  S.C.  Since  1843  he  has  been  professor  in  Princeton 
university.  Then  in  1897  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  psychological  association ;  and  in  the  same  year  was  awarded 
a  gold  medal  by  the  Royal  academy  of  Denmark.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Handbook  of  Psychology ;  Elements  of  Psychology  ;  Mental 
Development  in  the  Child  and  the  Race ;  Social  and  Ethical  Inter 
pretations;  Dictionary  of  Philosophy,  in  three  volumes;  Story  of 
the  Mind ;  and  other  works. 

Baldwin,  William  Wright,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1845,  in  Keosauqua,  Iowa.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and 
graduated  from  the  Iowa  State  University  in  1866.  In  1879  he 
entered  railway  service  as  Land  Commissioner  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad.  In  1891  he  was  made  assistant 
to  the  president;  and  in  1909  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Burlington  system,  with  his  office  at  Burlington,  Iowa. 

Ball,  Lewis  Heisler,  physician,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1861,  near  Stanton,  Del.  He  graduated 
from  Delaware  college  in  1882,  and  from  the  medical  department 
of  the  state  university  of  Pennsylvania  in  1885 ;  and  has  attained 
success  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Marshalltown,  Del. 
Then  in  1901-03  he  was  a  representative  from  Delaware  to  the 
fifty-seventh  congress  as  a  republican.  In  1898-1900  he  was  state 
treasurer  of  Delaware;  and  is  a  trustee  of  Delaware  college.  In 
1903  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate. 

Ball,  Thomas,  sculptor,  artist,  author,  was  born  June  3,  1819, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  My  Three  Score  Years 
and  Ten,  an  Autobiography. 

Ballantyne,  Marlin  J.,  educator,  clergyman,  poet,  was  born 
Aug.  30,  1852,  near  Brookville,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools;  and  at  Dayton  Union  academy.  For  seven 
years  he  taught  school;  and  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  has 
been  engaged  in  the  ministry.  He  is  now  presiding  elder  of  the 
Oregon  conference  of  the  United  evangelical  church;  is  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Lafayette  seminary;  and  teacher  of 
political  economy  and  ethics  in  the  same  institution.  He  has  con 
tributed  extensively  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  religious  press, 
which  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to  American  literature. 

Ballard,  Harlan  Hoge,  educator,  librarian,  author,  was  born 
May  26,  1853,  in  Athens,  Ohio.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  Wil 
liams  college.  In  1874-80  he  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at 
Lenox,  Mass. ;  and  in  1880-86  was  principal  of  Lenox  academy.  In 
1875  he  founded  the  Agassiz  association  for  the  study  of  nature, 
which  has  had  over  one  thousand  branches.  Since  1888  he  has 


32  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

been  librarian  of  the  Berkshire  athenaeum.  He  is  the  author  of 
Three  Kingdoms;  World  of  Matter;  Open  Sesame;  Re-Open  Se 
same  ;  Virgil 's  Aeneid ;  and  is  part  author  of  American  Plant  Book ; 
Barnes  Readers ;  and  One  Thousand  Blunders  in  English. 

Ballinger,  Richard  Achilles,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
July  9,  1858,  in  Boonesboro,  Iowa.  In  1884  he  graduated  from 
Williams  college  of  Massachusetts,  having  previously  prepared  for 
college  at  the  state  university  of  Kansas  and  at  Washburn  col 
lege  of  Topeka.  He  has  been  eminently  successful  as  a  lawyer; 
acted  as  United  States  commissioner  in  1890-92  under  appoint 
ment  of  District  U.  S.  Judge  Hanford  of  Washington;  and  has 
held  the  high  office  of  judge  of  the  superior  court  for  Jefferson 
county,  Wash.  He  is  the  author  of  Ballinger  on  Community 
Property,  a  law  publication  covering  the  property  rights  of  mar 
ried  persons  in  several  of  the  coast  and  southern  states;  and  is 
also  the  author  of  Ballinger 's  Annotated  Code  and  Statutes  of 
Washington. 

Bancroft,  Hubert  Howe,  historian,  publisher,  author,  was  born 
May.  5,  1832,  in  Grandville,  Ohio.  Early  in  life  he  moved  to  San 
Francisco,  Cal. ;  there  opened  the  first  book  store  on  the  Pacific 
coast;  and  subsequently  added  a  publishing  establishment.  He 
has  impressed  himself  upon  the  literature  of  the  nineteenth  cen 
tury  of  a  colossal  work  entitled  History  of  the  Pacific  States  of 
North  America,  including  Central  America,  Mexico,  California, 
Oregon  and  British  Columbia,  in  thirty-nine  volumes.  He  is  also 
the  author  of  The  Native  Races  of  the  Pacific  States,  in  five  vol 
umes;  The  Early  American  Chronicles;  Popular  History  of  the 
Mexican  People ;  Literary  Industries,  an  autobiography ;  The  Book 
of  the  Fair ;  and  many  others. 

Bandholtz,  Harry  H.,  army  officer,  governor,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1864,  in  Constantine,  Mich.  He  graduated  from  the  United  States 
military  academy  at  West  Point,  N.Y.  He  soon  attained  the  rank 
of  captain  and  quartermaster  in  the  second  United  States  infantry ; 
and  was  major  of  the  thirty-fifth  regiment  Michigan  volunteer 
infantry.  He  has  been  governor  of  Tayabas  province,  P.I. ;  and 
colonel  and  assistant  chief  of  the  Philippine  constabulary,  com 
manding  the  first  district.  Since  1903  he  has  held  the  rank  of 
colonel  in  the  United  States  army. 

Bang's,  Lemuel  Bolton,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
9,  1842,  in  New  York  City.  In  1872  he  graduated  from  the  Col 
lege  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  New  York  City.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  professor  of  Genito-urinary  surgery  at  the 
university  and  Bellevue  hospital  medical  school;  and  in  1895  was 
president  of  the  American  association  of  genitory-urinary  sur 
geons.  He  is  the  author  of  American  Text-book  of  Genito-Urinary 
Diseases. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  33 

Bank,  Henry,  judge  district  court  of  Iowa,  was  born  Oct.  23, 
1843  in  Hanover,  Germany.  He  came  to  the  United  States  at  the 
age  of  six  years;  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Lee 
county,  Iowa.  In  1875-77  he  was  recorder  of  deeds  for  Lee  county ; 
and  in  1881-3  was  police  magistrate  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  In  1883- 
95  he  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Keokuk ;  and  since  1896 
has  been  judge  of  the  first  district  court  of  Iowa  for  Lee  county ; 
and  resides  in  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Barber,  Ohio  Columbus,  president  of  the  Diamond  match  com 
pany,  was  born  April  20,  1841,  in  Middlebury,  Ohio.  In  1880  the 
Barber  match  company,  of  which  he  was  at  the  head,  was  making 
over  one-fourth  of  the  matches  manufactured  in  the  United  States. 
About  this  time  he  saw  the  advantages  of  consolidating  a  number 
of  the  leading  manufactories,  and  instead  of  thirty  factories  being 
required  for  their  manufacture,  nine-tenths  of  the  matches  in  Amer 
ica  are  now  manufactured  in  five  factories.  In  1889  the  American 
straw  board  company  was  organized  with  six  million  dollars  capi 
tal,  with  Mr.  Barber  as  president,  in  which  position  he  served  until 
1894.  In  1891  Mr.  Barber  and  his  associates  founded  the  town  of 
Barberton,  Ohio.  He  is  president  of  the  Ohio  tube  company  of 
Warren,  Ohio ;  and  of  the  Barberton  belt  line  railroad  company. 

Barchfeld,  Andrew  Jackson,  physician,  congressman,  was  born 
on  May  18,  1863  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  the  Central  high  school  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  and  in 
1884  graduated  from  the  Jefferson  medical  college  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  has  been  a  life-long  republican;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
school  director;  and  in  1886-87  was  a  member  of  the  common 
council  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican 
state  conventions  of  1886,  1894  and  1901 ;  and  for  many  years  was 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  republican  state  committee.  In  1902 
he  was  nominee  of  his  party  for  congress;  and  in  1905-11  was  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and 
sixty-first  congresses. 

Barclay,  Charles  Frederick,  soldier,  lumber  merchant,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  9,  1844,  in  Owego,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  at  the  Coudersport  acad 
emy.  He  served  during  the  civil  war  from  private  to  captain 
in  the  one  hundred  and  forty-ninth  regiment  Pennsylvania  vol 
unteers.  He  studied  law  at  the  university  of  Michigan,  but  sub 
sequently  engaged  with  an  elder  brother  in  the  lumber  business 
at  Sinnamahoning,  Pa.  In  1892  he  was  a  presidential  elector. 
In  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

Barclay,  Robert,  physician,  was  born  May  8,  1857,  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  is  Master  of  Arts,  Trinity  College ;  Doctor  of  Medicine ; 


34  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Columbia  University,  New 
York.  In  1883  he  was  elected  assistant  aural  surgeon  in  the  New 
York  Eye  and  Ear  infirmary,  serving  until  1885,  when  he  resigned, 
and  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  By  the  St.  Louis  Medical  Society 
he  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  American  Medical  association 
in  1888  and  in  1893,  and  elected  its  vice-president  in  1906.  He 
has  been  consulting  Aural  Surgeon  to  many  institutions  in  St. 
Louis ;  and  has  contributed  freely  to  the  literature  of  his  Medical 
Specialty. 

Bard,  Thomas  Robert,  lawyer,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Dec.  8,  1841,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa.  In  1858  he  graduated  from 
Chambersburg  academy  and  studied  law.  He  was  a  strong  union 
man  during  the  civil  war.  In  1864  he  went  to  California;  and 
there  engaged  in  wharving  and  warehousing,  banking,  petroleum 
mining,  sheep  raising  and  horticulture;  and  is  largely  interested 
in  lands  and  the  development  of  the  oil  industry  in  southern  Cal 
ifornia.  In  1880  and  in  1892  he  was  a  presidential  elector  from 
Ventura  county,  Cal.  In  1900-03  he  was  United  States  senator 
from  California  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

Bardeen,  Charles  William,  soldier,  educator,  publisher,  author, 
was  born  Aug.  28,  1847,  in  Groton,  Mass.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  in  the  first  regiment  Massachusetts  volunteers.  For 
many  years  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work ;  and  in  1891-95 
was  director  of  the  national  educational  association.  He  is  the 
author  of  Manual  of  School  Law;  A  System  of  Rhetoric;  and  a 
score  of  other  educational  works. 

Barela,  Casimiro,  ranchman,  statesman,  was  born  March  4,  1847, 
in  Mora,  N.M.  He  received  his  education  in  New  Mexico.  Early 
in  life  he  moved  to  Colorado ;  and  is  now  a  successful  cattle  and 
sheep  grower  of  Trinidad,  Col.  In  1872-74  he  was  a  member  of 
the  territorial  legislature ;  and  in  1875  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention.  Since  1876  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  of  Colorado,  his  present  term  expiring  in  1908,  which 
will  make  a  total  length  of  service  of  thirty-two  years  in  the 
senate,  a  much  longer  service  than  any  living  man  has  ever  served 
in  the  United  States. 

Barham,  John  A.,  educator,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July 
17,  1844,  in  Missouri.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  California 
in  1849;  and  he  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the 
Hesperian  college  of  Woodland,  Cal.  He  taught  in  the  public 
schools  of  California  for  three  years;  then  studied  law;  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1868.  In  1895-1901  he  was  a  representative 
from  California  to  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth  and  fifty-sixth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  of 
mileage  in  the  fifty-fifth  congress.  He  now  practicing  law  in  Santa 
Rosa,  Cal. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  35 

Barhydt,  Theodore  Wells,  railroad  president,  banker,  capitalist, 
was  born  April  10, 1835,  in  Newark,  N. J.  He  received  an  academic 
education  in  the  lyceum  academy  of  Schenectady,  N.Y.  In  1855 
he  moved  to  Burligton,  Iowa,  where  he  became  one  of  the  principal 
clerks  in  the  postoffice.  In  1859  he  entered  mercantile  business; 
and  since  1870  has  been  president  of  the  Merchants'  national 
bank  of  Burlington,  of  which  institution  he  was  one  of  the  organ 
izers.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  and  northern  railroad  company;  and  is  now  president  of 
the  Burlington  and  northwestern  and  of  the  Burlington  and  west 
ern  railroad  companies.  He  is  the  owner  of  the  Delano  hotel  and 
several  other  fine  business  buildings;  was  instrumental  in  estab 
lishing  the  Burlington  water  works ;  and  was  one  of  the  principal 
promoters  and  builders  of  the  first  street  railroad  in  his  city.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trade ;  a  member  of  the  city 
council ;  and  has  held  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Barnes,  Albert  Abraham,  government  official,  was  born  Dec. 
6,  1837,  in  Utica,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  City.  He  has  had  a  varied  career;  for  nearly  a  quar 
ter  of  a  century  has  been  in  government  service ;  and  is  now  con 
nected  with  the  money  order  division  of  the  New  York  City 
postoffice.  His  father  was  the  late  Abraham  Albert  Barnes.  His 
uncle  was  the  late  Alanson  H.  Barnes,  who  was  United  States 
marshal  for  Wisconsin  during  the  civil  war ;  and  was  chief  justice 
of  the  United  States  court  of  Dakota.  His  great-grand-father  was 
a  soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war. 

Barnes,  Almont,  soldier,  lawyer,  diplomat,  author,  was  born 
Aprli  14,  1835,  in  Turin,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  St.  Lawrence 
academy,  N.Y. ;  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  National 
law  school  of  Washington,  D.C.  He  first  entered  journalistic 
work.  He  has  been  captain  of  battery  and  chief  of  artillery.  For 
many  years  he  was  assistant  clerk  in  the  United  States  house  of 
representatives;  and  he  was  chief  of  bureau  in  the  government 
state  department.  He  has  been  United  States  consul  three  times; 
and  is  now  engaged  in  his  third  term  as  statistical  expert  in  the 
department  of  agriculture  of  the  United  States  government  at 
Washington,  D.C.  He  is  the  editor  and  author  of  various  works 
published  by  the  government  and  himself,  including  Agriculture 
of  South  America ;  and  a  work  of  International  Law  Decisions. 

Barnes,  Cassius  McDonald,  soldier,  lawyer,  banker,  governor, 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1845,  in  New  York.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
enlisted  in  the  union  army;  was  successively  private  secretary  to 
General  Lyons ;  was  in  the  military  telegraph  and  engineer  corps ; 
he  was  chief  deputy  United  marshal ;  and  head  of  the  United  States 
land  office  at  Guthrie,  Okla.  He  was  a  member  of  the  third  and 


36  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

fourth  legislatures  of  Oklahoma;  and  was  elected  speaker.  In 
1897-1901  he  was  governor  of  Oklahoma.  He  is  now  president  of 
the  Logan  county  bank;  and  mayor  of  the  city  of  Guthrie,  Okla. 

Barnes,  Visscher  Vere,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1851,  in  Rensselaer,  N.Y.  He  attended  Oshkosh  Normal  school 
of  Wisconsin;  and  Oberlin  university.  He  took  a  law  course  at 
Yale  university,  graduating  with  honor;  and  a  postgraduate 
course  at  the  Chicago  law  school  receiving  the  degrees  of  LL.M. 
and  D.C.L.  For  several  years  he  was  county  judge  of  Kings- 
bury  county,  S'.D. ;  was  a  member  of  the  Dakota  house  of  rep 
resentatives  ;  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  provisional  senate 
of  South  Dakota.  He  was  United  States  commissioner  for  Dakota ; 
was  city  attorney  of  De  Smet,  S.D. ;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
education  of  Yankton,  S.  D. ;  and  attorney  to  the  board  of  insanity 
for  Brookings  county,  S.D.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the  state 
prohibition  organization  of  South  Dakota;  and  in  1900  was  can 
didate  for  governor  of  Illinois  on  the  prohibition  ticket.  He  has 
been  city  attorney  of  Lake  Bluff  and  Zion  City,  111. ;  and  general 
counsel  for  Zion  and  John  Alexander  Dowie.  He  was  judge  of  the 
city  court  of  Zion  City,  111.  He  is  a  contributor  to  the  periodical 
press. 

Barnes,  William,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  May  26,  1824, 
in  Pompey,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Manlius  academy ;  and  in  1846  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Utica, 
N.Y.  Prior  to  this  he  started  in  life  as  a  school  teacher;  and  in 
1843,  in  connection  with  his  father,  who  was  county  superintend 
ent,  he  successfully  conducted  the  first  normal  schools  or  teach 
ers'  institutes  in  the  state  of  New  York  at  Baldwinsville.  He  was 
long  special  counsel  for  the  bank  department  of  the  state  of 
New  York;  in  1860-70  was  first  superintendent  of  insurance  of 
New  York;  and  in  1872  was  United  States  delegate  to  the  inter 
national  statistical  congress  at  St.  Petersburg,  and  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  permanent  commission.  He  has  been  special 
counsel  for  the  city  of  New  York  in  special  cases;  is  a  specialist 
in  insurance  law ;  and  resides  at  Thurlow  Terrace,  Albany,  N.Y. 

Barnhill,  James  Uriah,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1855, 
near  Wattsville,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough  education;  and 
in  1883  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  Columbus 
medical  college  of  Ohio ;  and  has  also  received  the  degress  of  A.M. 
and  Ph.  D.  Since  1883  he  has  practiced  surgery  in  Columbus, 
Ohio;  is  United  States  examining  surgeon  for  pensions;  and  a 
member  of  the  American  medical  association,  the  Ohio  state  and 
central  Ohio  medical  societies  and  the  Columbus  academy  of  medi 
cine.  He  is  professor  of  surgery  at  the  Columbus  medical  col 
lege  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 


THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  37 

Barousse,  Homer,  state  senator  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Sept. 
25,  1850,  in  Church  Point,  La.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful  merchant 
and  planter  of  Church  Point,  La. ;  and  he  has  always  been  prom 
inently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city. 
He  is  president  of  the  Commercial  bank  of  Church  Point,  La.; 
has  been  vice-president  of  the  Sunset  Cotton  Oil  Mills  of  Sun 
set,  La.;  president  of  the  Church  Point  Gin  Company;  and  is 
also  an  extensive  land  owner  in  Acadia  and  St.  Landry  parishes, 
La.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  state  senate  for  the  fourteenth 
district;  and  resides  in  Church  Point,  La. 

Barrett,  Charles  A.,  state  representative  of  Oregon,  was  born 
June  21,  1852,  in  Summer,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  dis 
trict  schools  and  under  private  tuition.  He  is  a  successful  farmer, 
stock  raiser  and  merchant  of  Athena,  Ore.  For  fifteen  years  he 
was  mayor  and  councilman  of  his  city;  for  three  years  was  a 
school  director;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor.  In  1906  he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the  Oregon 
state  legislature;  and  resides  in  Athena,  Ore. 

Barrett,  John  P,,  sailor,  electrician,  inventor,  was  born  in  1837 
in  Auburn,  N.Y.  In  1845  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Chicago, 
111. ;  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city.  For 
eleven  years  he  was  a  sailor;  then  returned  to  Chicago  and  ob 
tained  a  position  in  the  fire  department.  In  1861-65  he  was  a 
member  of  the  fire  department  of  Chicago,  111. ;  was  then  assigned 
to  the  fire  alarm  and  telegraph  department,  of  which  he  was  su 
perintendent  in  1876-94;  and  also  city  electrician.  He  was  the 
inventor  of  the  fire  signal  joker,  police  patrol  system,  and  in 
troduced  the  first  underground  electric  service.  He  installed  the 
first  municipal  electric  light  system  for  street  and  river  light 
ing.  In  1893  he  was  chief  of  the  electricity  department  at  the 
World's  Columbian  exposition.  In  1897  he  was  retired  on  a 
pension  as  consulting  electrician  by  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Barrett,  Joseph  Hartwell,  journalist,  legislator,  author,  was 
born  April  15,  1824,  in  Ludlow,  Vt.  In  1845  he  graduated  from 
Middleburg  college.  In  1851-52  he  served  as  a  representative  in 
the  Vermont  state  legislature ;  in  1853-54  he  was  secretary  of  the 
Vermont  senate,  and  in  1861-68  was  commissioner  of  pensions. 
During  1857-61  he  was  editor  of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  and  editor 
of  the  Cincinnati  Chronicle  and  Times  during  1868-79.  He  has  con 
tributed  to  reviews  and  other  periodicals  from  1846  to  the  present 
time,  and  his  writings  have  been  valuable  acquisitions  to  current 
literature,  and  have,  in  many  instances,  been  incorporated  into 
standard  works.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln; 
and  Abraham  Lincoln  and  his  Presidency;  and  resides  in  Love- 
land,  Ohio. 


38  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Barrett,  Luther  Gustavus,  clergyman,  educator,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1838,  in  Watertown,  Mass.  He  received  his 
education  at  Harvard  college;  and  at  Newton  theological  insti 
tution.  He  has  held  pastorates  in  various  cities  of  the  United 
States.  He  has  been  professor  in  Shaw  university  of  Raleigh,  N.C. ; 
and  for  the  past  sixteen  years  has  been  president  of  Jackson  col 
lege  of  Mississippi. 

Bartch,  George  Washington,  educator,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
on  March  15,  1849,  at  Dushore,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Blooms- 
burg  state  normal  and  received  academic  degree  of  master  of 
science.  For  several  terms  he  was  superintendent  of  public  schools 
of  Shenandoah,  Pa. ;  in  1884-1886  he  practiced  law  in  Pennsylvania ; 
in  1886-88  in  Colorado ;  and  in  1888-89  practiced  law  in  Salt  Lake 
City.  In  1889-93  he  was  a  probate  judge  of  Salt  Lake  county  by 
appointment  of  President  Harrison ;  in  1893-96  was  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  territory  of  Utah ;  and  served  on 
the  supreme  bench  until  he  resigned.  In  1896-1906  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Utah ;  and  in  1899-1900  and  1905- 
06  was  chief  justice.  He  resigned  his  office  as  chief  justice  in  1906 
and  organized  the  law  firm  of  Bartch  and  Bagley  at  Salt  Lake 
City,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  active  practice. 

Barth,  Isaac,  district  attorney  of  Arizona,  was  born  Feb.  5, 
1876,  in  St.  Johns.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  high  schools 
of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. ;  and  graduated  from  the  Indiana  law 
school.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  pratice  of  law  in  Arizona ; 
and  since  1897  has  been  chairman  of  the  Apache  county  demo 
cratic  committee.  In  1904  he  was  delegate-at-large  from  Arizona 
to  the  national  democratic  convention  held  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He 
is  district  attorney  for  the  fourth  judicial  district  of  Arizona. 

Bartholomew,  Pliny  Webster,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  4, 
1840,  in  Cabotville,  Mass.  He  graduated  in  1864  from  the  Union 
college  of  Schenectady,  N.Y.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  He  has  been  commissioner  for  New  York  and  Connecticut, 
in  Indiana;  and  trustee  of  the  American  college  of  Indianapolis. 
He  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  in  1892-96 ;  and  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  of  1908-12. 

Bartine,  John  D.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1836,  in  Prince 
ton,  N.J.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Somerville,  N.J.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of  Somerville,  N.J. ;  and  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  commissioners.  He  has  been  prosecutor  of 
the  pleas  of  Somerset  county;  and  in  1867  the  College  of  New 
Jersey  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  master  of 
arts.  For  fifteen  years,  in  1885-1900,  he  was  law  judge  of  Somer 
set  county.  He  has  now  retired  from  active  work;  and  still  re 
sides  in  Somerville,  N.J. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  39 

Bartscher,  Hugo  W.,  chairman  united  pure  food  commission  of 
Missouri,  was  born  May  10,  1859,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  graduated  from  the 
high  school;  attended  the  St.  Louis  medical  college  and  the  uni 
versities  of  Berlin  and  Vienna.  He  is  a  noted  physician  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. ;  for  many  years  was  professor  of  histology  and  bacteri 
ology  at  the  Beaumont  hospital  medical  college  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
and  president  of  the  N.  St.  Louis  medical  society.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Missouri 's  Pure  Food  Laws,  act  creating  the  office  of  state 
dairy,  food  commissioner  and  the  act  prohibiting  the  adulteration 
of  foods  and  drugs.  He  is  chairman  of  the  united  pure  food  com 
mission  of  Missouri ;  and  resides  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Bates,  George  H.,  state  senator  of  South  Carolina,  was  born 
July  27,  1853,  in  Barnwell  county,  S'.C.  He  was  educated  at 
Richland  Academy  of  South  Carolina ;  and  in  1884  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  In  1895  he  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  state 
constitutional  convention.  He  has  been  county  attorney  of  Barn- 
well  county;  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Columbia 
College.  In  1904  he  became  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
state  senate,  and  resides  in  Barnwell,  S.C. 

Bates,  Lindon  Wallace,  civil  engineer,  contractor,  scientist,  was 
born  Nov.  19,  1858,  in  Marshfield,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Chicago  high  school  and  at  Yale  university.  He  has  been  surveyor 
on  the  Northern  pacific  railroad ;  assistant  engineer  of  the  North 
ern  pacific  and  Oregon  pacific  railroads ;  and  contracting  engineer 
or  manager  on  various  railways,  dock  and  terminal  contracts  in 
Oregon,  Washington,  Montana,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Loui 
siana,  California  and  other  states.  He  was  engaged  on  the  Chi 
cago  drainage  canal;  built  the  mammoth  dredge  Beta  for  the 
United  States  government ;  and  in  1896-1902  was  retained  by  the 
Belgian  government;  to  prepare  reports  and  projects  for  the  im 
provement  of  the  port  of  Antwerp.  He  was  engaged  by  the  Suez 
Canal  company;  and  by  the  Russian  government  and  by  the 
Queensland  government;  and  in  collaboration  with  leading  en 
gineers  prepared  a  scheme  for  the  improvement  of  the  port  of 
Shanghai.  He  maintains  offices  in  New  York  City  and  in  London, 
England;  and  in  1900  received  the  grand  prix  decoration  from 
the  French  government  for  distinguished  services  to  science. 

Bates,  William  Wallace,  journalist,  shipbuilder,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  15,  1827,  in  Canada.  In  1854-59  he  helped  to  conduct  the 
Nautical  Magazine  and  Naval  Journal;  in  1875  he  took  part  in  a 
council  of  shipbuilders  to  improve  their  rules ;  in  1881  he  built  a 
large  dry  dock  at  Portland,  Maine,  and  in  1889  was  elected  com 
missioner  of  navigation.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Shipping  Ques 
tion  Investigation  Rules  for  Shipbuilding;  American  Marine; 
American  Navigation;  and  several  other  works. 


40  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Battle,  George  Gordon,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  26, 1868,  in  North 
Carolina.  He  was  educated  at  the  Hanover  academy,  the  univer 
sity  of  North  Carolina  and  the  university  of  Virginia.  Since  1891 
he  has  been  in  the  general  practice  of  law ;  and  has  been  assistant 
district  attorney  for  New  York  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Battle  and  Marshall  of  New  York  City ;  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  association.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Southern 
society  and  the  North  Carolina  society  of  New  York;  and  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Seneca,  Calumet  and  Manhattan  clubs. 

Battle,  Kemp  Plummer,  lawyer,  educator,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1831,  in  Franklin  county,  N.C.  He  is  the 
son  of  the  late  Judge  William  Horn  Battle.  He  graduated  from 
the  State  university  of  North  Carolina,  of  which  institution  he 
was  president  for  fifteen  years ;  and  now  fills  the  chair  of  history. 
He  has  been  state  treasurer  of  North  Carolina.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  History  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina ;  History 
of  Raleigh,  N.C. ;  History  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina ; 
Trials  and  Judicial  Proceedings  of  the  New  Testament;  Life  of 
General  Jethro  Sumner ;  and  other  works. 

Bayliss,  Alfred,  president  of  the  western  Illinois  state  normal 
school,  was  born  March  22,  1847,  in  Gloucestershire,  England. 
He  was  educated  at  Hillsdale  college  of  Michigan,  from  which 
institution  of  learning  he  received  the  degree  of  M.S.  He  has 
attained  success  in  educational  work ;  is  a  member  of  the  Military 
tract  educational  association ;  is  a  member  of  the  Schoolmasters ' 
club  of  Illinois;  is  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  teachers'  asso 
ciation;  is  a  member  of  the  National  educational  association;  is 
a  member  of  the  National  council  of  education;  is  a  member  of 
the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science;  is  a 
member  of  the  Grand  army  of  the  republic;  is  a  member  of  the 
Masons  and  of  various  other  secret,  fraternal,  patriotic  and  scien 
tific  societies.  In  1899-1907  he  was  superintendent  of  public  in 
struction  for  Illinois.  Since  1906  he  has  been  president  of  the 
western  Illinois  state  normal  school;  and  resides  in  Macomb,  111. 

Beal,  James  Hartley,  educator,  legislator,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
23,  1861,  in  New  Philedalphia,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  school,  at  Scio  college,  at  the  university  of  Michigan  and 
at  the  Cincinnati  law  school.  In  1902-04  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  state  legislature ;  and  was  the  author  of  the  Beal  local  option 
law.  In  1902-04  he  was  acting  president  of  Scio  college ;  professor 
of  theory  and  practice  of  pharmacy  at  the  Pittsburg  college  of 
pharmacy ;  and  editor  of  the  Midland  Druggist  of  Columbus,  Ohio. 
In  1904-05  he  was  president  of  the  American  pharmaceutical  asso 
ciation.  He  is  the  author  of  Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  Arith 
metic  ;  Prescription  Practice  and  General  Dispensing ;  Pharmaceu- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  41 

tical  Interrogations;  The  Era  Course  in  Pharmacy;  and  other 
works. 

Beal,  Junius  Emery,  journalist,  publisher,  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  23,  1860,  in  Port  Huron,  Mich.  In  1882  he  graduated  from 
the  literary  department  of  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  journalist  and  publisher  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  In  1888 
he  was  a  presidential  elector ;  in  1889  was  president  of  the  Michi 
gan  republican  league ;  and  in  1893  was  president  of  the  Michigan 
press  association.  In  1905-08  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Michigan  state  legislature.  In  1907  he  was  elected  to  the  board 
of  regents  in  the  university  of  Michigan.  In  1909  he  was  appointed 
on  the  public  domain  commission  of  Michigan. 

Beale,  Truxton,  traveler,  ranch  riianager,  diplomat,  was  born 
March  6,  1856,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  In  1874  he  graduated  from 
the  Pennsylvania  military  college ;  and  in  1878  from  Columbia  law 
school  of  New  York  City.  President  Harrison  appointed  him 
United  States  minister  to  Persia;  and  later  he  was  appointed 
United  States  minister  to  Greece.  He  was  a  member  of  the  anti- 
Chinese  commission.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in  central  Asia, 
Chinese-Turkestan  and  Siberia.  He  is  now  a  successful  ranch 
manager  in  Kern  county,  Cal.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Asiatic 
society;  and  has  written  articles  on  international  questions  for 
the  North  American  Review,  Forum  and  Cosmopolitan. 

Beaman,  George  William,  naval  officer,  was  born  May  7,  1837, 
in  Rutland,  Va.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  third  regi 
ment  of  Missouri  United  States  reserve  corps.  He  entered  naval 
service  as  assistant  paymaster ;  in  1866  was  promoted  to  paymaster ; 
and  in  1890  became  pay  inspector.  In  1899  he  was  promoted  to  pay 
director ;  and  the  same  year  was  retired  with  the  rank  of  rear  ad 
miral.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  attached  to  the  South  Atlantic 
blockading  squadron ;  and  with  the  East  and  West  gulf  blockading 
squadron  .  In  1893-96  he  was  fleet  paymaster  of  the  North  Atlantic 
station ;  and  in  1896-99  of  the  navy  yard  at  Boston,  Mass. 

Beatley,  Mrs.  Clara  Bancroft,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1858,  in  Shirley,  Mass.  She  graduated  from  the 
Ayer  high  school ;  and  attended  Massachusetts  state  normal  school 
located  at  Bridgewater,  Mass.  In  1878-87  she  was  a  teacher  in 
the  public  schools  of  Massachusetts.  She  has  been  superintend 
ent  of  the  Disciples'  school  at  Boston,  Mass.;  and  since  1893  has 
been  director  of  the  children's  mission  and  the  Boston  equal 
suffrage  association.  She  is  the  author  of  Joys  Beyond  Joy; 
and  the  compiler  of  Apples  of  Gold  and  Forget-Me-Not. 

Beck,  Robert  McCandlass,  lieutenant  of  cavalry  United  States 
army,  was  born  May  9,  1879,  in  Westmister,  Md.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  graduated 


42  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

from  the  United  States  military  academy  of  West  Point,  N.Y. 
As  an  army  afficer  he  has  filled  all  grades  to  first  lieutenant  in 
the  United  States  cavalry ;  and  has  participated  in  various  battles 
and  skirmishes.  Since  1901  he  has  held  the  rank  of  first  lieu 
tenant  of  cavalry  in  the  United  States  army ;  and  is  now  stationed 
at  Jeffersonville,  Ind. 

Bede,  J.  Adam,  educator,  journalist,  congressman,  was  born  in 
1856  in  Lorain  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state ;  learned  the  printers  trade ;  taught 
school ;  engaged  in  newspaper  work  as  a  profession ;  lived  in  most 
of  the  western  and  southern  states;  and  did  reportorial  work  in 
Washington.  He  was  appointed  United  States  marshal  for  the 
district  of  Minnesota  in  1894;  served  through  the  great  rail 
road  strikes  of  that  year  and  resigned.  He  is  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  Pine  City,  Minn.  In  1903-09  he  was 
a  representative  from  Minnesota  to  the  fifty-eight,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 

Beecher,  Willis  Judson,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
on  April  29,  1838,  in  Hampden,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Connecticut  and  New  York ;  attended  academies 
at  Augusta  and  Yernon,  N.Y. ;  in  1858  received  the  degree  of 
B.A.  from  Hamilton  college;  and  in  1864  graduated  from  the 
Auburn  theological  seminary.  In  1858-61  he  was  a  teacher  in 
Whitestown  seminary,  state  of  New  York;  and  in  1864-65  was 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  at  Ovid,  N.Y.  In  1865-69  he 
was  professor  of  moral  science  and  literature  at  Knox  college  of 
Galesburg,  111.  In  1869-71  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  church  of 
Christ  at  Galesburg,  111. ;  and  in  1871-1908  was  professor  of 
Hebrew  language  and  literature  in  Auburn  seminary,  N.Y.  He  is 
the  author  of  Farmer  Tompkins  and  His  Bibles ;  The  Prophets  and 
the  Promise;  Teaching  of  Jesus  Concerning  the  Future  Life; 
Dated  Events  of  the  Old  Testament. 

Beeson,  John  Wesley,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
March  31,  1866,  in  Keener,  Ala.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  the  south;  and  attended  the  uni 
versity  of  Alabama,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degrees 
of  A.B.  and  A.M.  He  has  held  several  positions  in  different  col 
leges  ;  became  president  of  Arcadia  college  of  Louisiana ;  and  sub 
sequently  became  president  of  the  Marengo  female  college  at 
Demopolis,  Ala.  Since  about  1903  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Meridian  woman's  college  and  conservatory  of  music,  the  largest 
private  college  in  the  south,  having  about  one  thousand  students. 

Belding,  Alvah  Norton,  silk  manufacturer,  business  president, 
was  born  March  27,  1838,  in  Ashfield,  Mass.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  firm  of  Belding  Brothers;  and  is  now  the  vice- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  43 

president,  secretary  and  manager  of  the  manufacturing  part  of 
the  business  of  Belding  Brothers  and  company.  He  is  also  presi 
dent  of  the  Belding  land  and  improvement  company  of  Belding, 
Mich. ;  vice-president  of  the  Belding-Paul  silk  company,  silk  manu 
facturers  of  Montreal,  Canada;  and  is  a  director  of  the  Carlson 
Currier  company,  silk  manufacturers  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  and 
a  director  in  numerous  financial  and  industrial  corporations  at 
Rockville,  Conn. 

Bell,  Charles  Upham,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1843,  in 
Exeter,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  Kimball  union  academy;  at 
tended  Phillips  Exter  academy;  and  in  1863  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  college.  He  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  New  England.  He  is  now  an  associate  justice  of  the  superior 
court  of  Massachusetts. 

Bell,  William  Melvin,  clergyman,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
12,  1860,  in  Whitley  county,  Ind.  In  1879  he  graduated  from 
Roanoke  classical  seminary  of  Indiana ;  and  subsequently  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  American  temperance  university. 
In  1879-92  he  was  pastor  at  La  Grange,  Lafayette,  Ligonier  and 
Elkhart,  Ind.  In  1890-93  he  was  president  and  superintendent  of 
the  Indiana  Sunday  school  association;  and  in  1893-1905  was 
general  secretary  of  the  department  of  home  and  foreign  missions. 
Since  1905  he  has  been  bishop  of  the  church  of  the  United  brethren 
in  Christ  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal. ;  and  his  diocese  of  the  Pacific  in 
cludes  conferences  in  Japan,  China  and  the  Philippines.  Since 
1907  he  has  been  president  of  the  California  Sunday  school  asso 
ciation.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Love  of  God;  and  The  Social 
Message  of  Our  Lord. 

Benjamin,  Charles  Henry,  educator,  mechanical  engineer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1856,  in  Patten,  Maine.  In  1868-74  he 
attended  the  Patten  academy;  and  graduated  as  a  mechanical 
engineer  from  the  university  of  Maine.  Since  1889  he  has  been 
professor  of  mechanical  engineering  at  the  Case  school  of  applied 
science.  He  had  been  the  president  of  the  Cleveland  engineering 
company;  in  1900-02  was  supervising  engineer  of  Cleveland; 
and  has  held  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  the  au- 
tohr  of  Notes  on  Heat  and  Steam;  Machine  Design;  Mechanical 
Laboratory  Practice ;  Evolution  of  the  Machine  Tools ;  Power 
Losses  in  Machine  Shop ;  Development  of  Fly  Wheels ;  and  several 
Monographs. 

Bennett,  Christian  A.,  district  judge  of  Colorado,  was  born  Nov. 
7,  1849,  in  Ozaukee  county,  Wis.  He  has  been  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Maries  county,  Mo. ;  and  was  a  representative  in  the 
thirty-first  general  assembly  of  Missouri.  He  has  been  city 
attorney  of  Greeley,  Col.;  and  treasurer  of  Weld  county,  Col. 


44  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

In  1900  he  became  judge  of  the  eighth  judicial  district  court  of 
Colorado ;  and  resides  in  Greeley,  Col. 

Bennett,  Granville  G.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  Oct.  9,  1833,  in  Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  served  through 
out  the  civil  war  as  a  commissioned  officer  in  the  union  army. 
Then  he  was  a  representaive  in  the  Iowa  state  legislature  in  1856- 
67;  and  served  in  the  state  senate  in  1867.  In  1875  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  territory 
of  Dakota ;  and  resigned  in  1878.  In  1879-81  he  was  a  territorial 
delegate  from  Dakota  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  as  a  republican. 
Since  his  retirement  from  congress  he  has  served  four  years  on 
the  bench;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican  con 
vention  of  1900. 

Bennett,  Louis,  naval  officer,  educator,  lawyer,  banker,  legis 
lator,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1849,  in  Weston,  W.  Va.  He  received  a 
thorough  education;  and  graduated  in  law  from  the  university 
of  Virginia.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  a  midshipman  in  the 
confederate  states  navy.  For  several  years  he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work;  and  was  principal  of  the  state  normal  school 
at  Glenville,  W.  Va.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Weston,  W.  Va. ; 
and  has  been  prosecuting  attorney  of  Lewis  county.  He  has  been 
a  member  and  speaker  of  the  house  of  delegates  of  West  Virginia ; 
was  nominee  for  presidential  democratic  elector-at-large  for  West 
Virginia. ;  and  was  democratic  nominee  for  governor  of  West  Vir 
ginia  in  1908.  He  is  president  of  the  Lewis  county  bank  of 
Weston,  W.  Va. 

Bennett,  Richard,  explorer,  business  man,  public  official,  was 
born  March  15,  1850,  in  Canada.  He  is  a  successful  dealer  in 
pine  and  farming  lands ;  and  is  well-known  throughout  the  state. 
He  has  been  vice-president  of  the  board  of  school  directors  of 
Bennett,  Wis. ;  has  filled  the  office  of  assessor;  and  for  eight 
years  he  was  postmaster  of  his  city.  His  great-granduncle  was 
commissary-general  and  under  General  Wolfe,  and  received  a 
land  grant  of  five  hundred  acres  from  the  British  government 
where  the  city  of  Sherbroke  now  stands.  He  was  the  founder  of 
Bennett,  Wis. ;  and  is  now  state  trespass  agent. 

Bennett,  William  George,  farmer,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan. 
7,  1847,  in  Weston,  W.Va.  He  was  educated  at  the  Virginia  mili 
tary  institute;  and  at  the  university  of  Virginia.  For  sixteen 
years  he  was  judge  of  the  eleventh  circuit  court  of  West  Vir 
ginia,  consisting  of  five  counties.  In  1900  he  was  democratic  nomi 
nee  for  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals.  He  has  been  a  di 
rector  of  the  West  Virginia  hospital  of  the  insane;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  commission  to  assess  railroads  for  taxation.  He  stands 
high  in  masonic  circles ;  and  has  been  grand  master  of  masons  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUBY  45 

West  Virginia.  Besides  his  law  practice,  he  has  been  a  successful 
farmer  and  stock  raiser.  He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Jonathan  M. 
Bennett,  whose  biography  appears  elsewhere  in  this  work. 

Benson,  Alfred  W.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  S'tates  senator, 
was  born  July  15,  1843,  in  Jamestown,  N.Y.  In  1862-65  he  served 
from  private  to  major  in  the  one  hundred  and  fifty-fourth  regi 
ment  New  York  volunteer  infantry.  In  1866  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  senate ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Kansas  house  of  representatives ;  and  was  judge  of  the 
district  court  for  twelve  years.  In  1906  he  was  appointed  United 
States  senator  to  fill  a  vacancy,  which  term  expired  in  1907.  In 
1907  he  was  appointed  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Kansas  to 
fill  a  vacancy ;  and  at  the  election  in  1908  was  chosen  for  the  full 
term  beginning  Jan.  11,  1909. 

Bentley,  William  Burdelle,  educator,  scientist,  was  born  Aug. 
8,  1866,  in  Maple  Valley,  N.Y.  In  1882-85  he  attended  the  Phillips 
academy  of  Andover,  Mass. ;  in  1889  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
A.B.  from  Harvard  college ;  and  subsequently  received  the  degrees 
of  A.M.  and  Ph.D.  In  1894-1900  he  was  associate  professor  of 
chemistry  and  physics  at  the  university  of  Arkansas;  and  since 
1900  has  been  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  Ohio  university  at 
Athens.  In  1895-99  he  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Fay- 
etteville  telephone  company.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  asso 
ciation  for  the  advancement  of  science;  is  a  member  of  the  so 
ciety  of  chemical  industry ;  and  an  honorary  fellow  of  the  society 
of  biological  chemistry  of  London,  England.  He  is  the  author  of 
valuable  Monographs  on  scientific  subjects. 

Berard,  Eugene  Michel,  lawyer,  was  born  July  27,  1855,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools;  and  in  1876  graduated  from  the  Columbia  law  school 
with  the  degree  LL.B.  Since  1876  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
active  practice  of  law;  and  is  now  a  partner  in  the  law  firm  of 
Hoppin  and  Berard  of  New  York  City.  He  is  a  director  and 
treasurer  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  coal  lands  corporation.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  academy  of  political  and  social 
science ;  a  member  of  the  American  economic  association ;  and 
a  member  of  the  National  geographic  society.  He  is  also  an 
associate  member  of  the  National  child  labor  committee;  and 
councilor  of  the  American  civic  association. 

Berry,  A.  Moore,  library  commissioner  of  Denver,  Colo.,  was 
born  Dec.  5,  1849,  in  Greenville,  S.C.  He  was  educated  at  Lincoln- 
ton  institute  of  North  Carolina.  He  was  law  reporter  of  the 
court  of  appeals  for  twelve  years  in  St.  Louis,  and  during  his 
incumbency  of  that  office  he  prepared  and  published  twenty- 
eight  volumes  of  Missouri  Appeal  Keports.  He  has  attained 


46  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

eminence  at  the  bar,  and  has  been  general  counsel  of  banks,  rail 
roads  and  various  large  business  corporations.  He  is  library  com 
missioner  for  the  city  of  Denver  for  the  term  of  1906-14;  and 
resides  in  Denver,  Colo. 

Berryman,  Jerome  Woods,  president  Kansas  bankers'  associa 
tion,  was  born  March  12,  1870,  in  Arcadia,  Mo.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Bellevue  collegiate  institute  of  Caledonia,  Mo.  He  is  pres 
ident  of  the  Stockgrowers'  national  bank  of  Ashland,  Kan.;  and 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
his  community.  He  has  been  councilman  and  mayor  of  his  city; 
served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  Kansas  state  legis 
lature  ;  and  resides  in  Ashland,  Kan. 

Best,  Lyman  Austin,  educator,  lecturer,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1862, 
at  Hornell,  N.Y.  In  1888  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.Sc. 
from  Cornell  university.  He  held  a  university  scholarship  in 
mathematics  throughout  his  course ;  and  gained  special  distinc 
tion  in  mathematics  as  well  as  the  Sigma  Xi  key  upon  graduation. 
He  began  teaching  in  the  high  school  at  Hornell  in  1881 ;  and  since 
1888  has  been  engaged  in  his  profession  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He 
was  a  teacher  of  mathematics  in  the  Boys'  high  school  in  1888-89 ; 
was  principal  of  grammar  school  number  thirteen  in  1889-1902; 
and  has  been  principal  of  grammar  school  number  one  hundred 
and  eight  since  1902.  He  was  president  of  the  Brooklyn  teach 
ers'  association  for  four  years  in  1903-07;  and  president  of  the 
Interborough  council  of  teachers  of  New  York  City  for  three 
years  in  1904-07.  He  was  also  secretary  of  the  New  York  state 
teachers'  association  for  three  years  in  1904-07.  As  president 
of  the  New  York  City  teachers'  organizations  he  has  secured 
many  advantages  for  the  teachers  of  that  city.  He  has  been 
especially  instrumental  in  securing  legislation  in  the  interest  of 
teachers  on  the  subject  of  retirement  on  annuity  after  long  serv 
ice  and  for  disability.  These  benefits  have  been  obtained  for 
the  teachers  of  the  country  at  large  as  well  as  for  the  teachers 
of  New  York  City.  He  is  recognized  generally  as  the  best  in 
formed  authority  on  the  subject  of  public  school  teachers'  re 
tirement  laws.  He  is  a  member  and  the  secretary  of  the  board 
of  retirement  of  the  department  of  education  of  the  City  of  New 
York. 

Betts,  George  Whitefield,  soldier,  manufacturer,  was  born  Sept. 
27,  1842,  in  Norwalk,  Conn.  In  1861  he  graduated  from  the  col 
lege  of  the  city  of  New  York.  He  is  a  manufacturer  of  paints, 
varnishes  and  brushes  of  New  York  City;  is  a  director  of  the 
F.  W.  Devoe  and  C.  T.  Raynolds  company  of  New  York  City,  which 
was  established  in  1754.  He  is  also  vice-president  of  the  Engle- 
wood  sewerage  company.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  twenty-third 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  47 

regiment  New  York  infantry ;  served  with  it  in  the  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland  campaigns  in  1864,  which  ended  in  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  and  defeat  of  the  confederates.  His  regiment,  with 
other  troops,  was  afterward  ordered  to  New  York  City  to  protect 
the  city  from  draft  riots;  and  he  subsequently  served  seven  years 
in  the  seventh  regiment  New  York  national  guard.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  historical  society;  is  a  member  of  the  New 
York  numismatic  and  archaeological  society;  a  member  of  the 
seventh  regiment  veteran  association;  and  various  other  clubs 
and  societies. 

Beyer,  Samuel  Walker,  educator,  geologist,  author,  was  born 
on  May  15,  1865,  in  Olearfield,  Pa.  In  1889  he  graduated  from 
the  Iowa  state  college ;  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of 
Ph.D.  from  the  Johns  Hopkins  university.  He  is  assistant  geolo 
gist  in  the  United  S'tates  geological  survey ;  and  a  member  of  the 
Iowa  geological  survey.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  Maryland  asso 
ciation  for  the  advancement  of  science;  and  a  member  of  the 
geological  society  of  America.  He  is  the  author  of  Sioux  Quart- 
zite  and  Certain  Associated  Rocks;  Geology  of  Boone,  Marshall, 
Story  and  Hardin  Counties,  Iowa ;  Clay  and  Clay  Industries. 

Biddle,  Arney  Sylvenus,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  June 
12,  1848,  near  Greenfield,  Pa.  In  1856  he  moved  with  his  father, 
a  noted  physician,  to  Kirkwood,  111. ;  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools;  and  in  1872  graduated  from  Monmouth  college.  He 
studied  theology  in  the  seminaries  of  Monmouth,  Newburgh  and 
Allegheny  ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  D.D.  and  of  LL.D. 
He  taught  shorthand  in  the  Monmouth  college ;  and  for  awhile 
was  also  engaged  in  legal  reporting.  In  1875-79  he  was  pastor 
of  Cabin  Hill  church,  N.Y. ;  in  1879-83  was  pastor  of  the  first 
united  Presbyterian  church  of  Jersey  City,  N.Y. ;  and  since  1883 
he  has  been  pastor  of  the  Summit  avenue  united  presbyterian 
church  of  Jersey  City.  For  twenty-seven  years  he  has  been  sec 
retary  of  the  Jersey  City  ministerial  association ;  for  twenty- 
seven  years  was  stated  clerk  of  the  New  York  presbytery  of  the 
united  presbyterian  church ;  and  since  1894  has  been  stated  clerk 
of  the  New  York  synod  of  that  denomination.  He  is  the  author 
of  Pastoral  Settlements. 

Bidwell,  Daniel  Doane>  state  representative  of  Connecticut,  was 
born  Aug.  7,  1865,  in  East  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Hartford  high  school;  and  in  1886  graduated  from  Yale  col 
lege.  He  is  a  journalist  by  profession;  and  has  traveled  exten 
sively  on  land  and  on  sea.  He  has  filled  offices  in  the  naval  bat 
talion,  Connecticut  national  guard;  has  been  school  visitor;  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in  East  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  general  as- 


48  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sembly  of  1905 ;  is  again  a  representative  in  the  general  assembly 
of  Connecticut  and  a  member  on  the  military  committee;  and 
resides  in  East  Hartford,  Conn. 

Bignon,  Fleming  Grandtland  Du,  lawyer,  jurist,  statesman,  was 
born  July  25,  1853,  in  Milledgeville,  Ga.  In  1877-79  he  was  county 
judge  of  Baldwin  county,  Ga. ;  in  1880  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature ;  in  1882  became  a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  senate ; 
and  in  1888  and  1889  was  president  of  the  state  senate.  In  1896 
he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  United  States  senator  on 
the  gold  platform. 

Birkmire,  William  Harvey,  architect,  civil  engineer,  author, 
was  born  June  25,  1860,  at  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Philadelphia ; 
studied  architecture  four  years  with  Samuel  Sloan,  architect  and 
author;  and  at  the  same  time  graduated  from  the  Philadelphia 
academy  of  music.  In  1885  he  removed  to  New  York  to  take 
charge  of  the  construction  department  of  the  Jackson  architec 
tural  iron  works ;  and  in  1892  of  the  J.  B.  and  J.  M.  Cornell  iron 
works,  the  largest  architectural  iron  works  in  America ;  and  dur 
ing  this  time  he  made  the  practical  steel  details  for  large  com 
mercial  buildings  and  the  Astor  hotels.  In  1894-98  he  was  archi 
tect  and  engineer  for  John  T.  Williams  on  the  Central  bank  build 
ing,  the  Silk  exchange  building,  Lord's  court  building  and  many 
other  prominent  buildings  in  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  Planning  and  Construction  of  High  Office  Buildings ;  Skeleton 
Construction  in  Buildings;  Architectural  Iron  and  Steel;  The 
Planning  and  Construction  of  American  Theaters;  and  of  other 
works. 

Bisbee,  Horatio,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May 
1,  1839,  in  Canton,  Maine.  He  entered  the  union  army  in  1861 
as  a  private  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel.  Since  1865  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Jacksonville,  Fla.  He  was  United  States  district 
attorney  in  1869-73 ;  and  was  for  a  short  time  attorney-general  of 
the  state.  In  1877-85  he  was  a  representative  from  Florida  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  congresses. 

Bishop,  Louis  Faugeres,  physician,  author,  was  born  March 
14,  1864,  in  Brunswick,  N. J.  In  1885  he  graduated  from  Rutgers 
college ;  and  in  1889  from  the  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons 
of  New  York  City.  He  was  clinical  professor  of  heart  and  cir 
culatory  diseases  at  Fordham  university  school  of  medicine  of 
New  York  City  and  now  makes  a  specialty  of  diseases  of  the 
heart  and  arteries  in  New  York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  Heart 
Disease  and  Blood  Pressure ;  and  several  other  works. 

Bishop,  Seth  Scott,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
7,  1852,  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.  He  was  educated  at  the  Pooler 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  49 

institute,  the  university  of  New  York,  at  Beloit  college,  and  at  the 
medical  department  of  the  Northwestern  university.  He  was 
surgeon  to  the  Illinois  charitable  eye  and  ear  infirmary ;  and  con- 
culting  surgeon  to  the  Silver  cross  hospital  of  Joliet.  He  is  hon 
orary  president  of  the  faculty,  and  professor  of  diseases  of  the 
nose,  throat  and  ear  in  the  Illinois  medical  college;  is  professor 
in  the  Chicago  postgraduate  medical  school  and  hospital;  and 
surgeon  to  various  hospitals  and  charities.  He  has  invented 
numerous  surgical  instruments  and  apparatus  in  general  use  by 
the  medical  profession.  He  is  associate  editor  of  the  Laryn 
goscope.  He  is  the  author  of  Diseases  of  the  Nose,  Throat  and 
Ear ;  The  Ear  and  Its  Diseases ;  and  scores  of  Monographs. 

Bishop,  William  Thomas,  soldier,  banker,  physician,  surgeon, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1840,  in  Hummelstown,  Pa.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  high  school  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. ;  and  graduated  from 
the  Rush  medical  college  of  Chicago,  111.  During  the  civil  war 
in  1862-63  he  served  as  a  private,  orderly,  sergeant  and  as  second 
lieutenant  in  Pennsylvania  regiments.  During  the  next  ten  years 
he  was  engaged  principally  in  the  banking  business.  Since  1879 
he  has  practiced  medicine  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.;  and  since  1886 
has  been  medical  examiner  for  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  com 
pany.  He  has  been  surgeon  of  his  post  grand  army  of  the  repub 
lic;  and  is  a  prominent  mason.  In  1886  he  was  president  of  the 
Harrisburg  pathological  society;  in  1888  was  president  of  the 
Dauphin  county  medical  society;  and  in  1897  was  president  of 
the  American  electro-therapeutic  association. 

Black,  Warren  Columbus,  clergyman,  journalist,  author,  was 
born  May  24,  1843,  in  Copiah  county,  Miss.  He  acquired  a  su 
perior  education,  chiefly  through  his  own  efforts;  and  was  suc 
cessively  placed  in  charge  of  the  leading  churches  of  his  con 
ference.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confederate  army ;  and  he  served 
continuously  until  the  close  of  the  war  in  1865.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  1864,  being  at  that  time  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  con 
federate  service ;  and  he  distinguished  himself  as  a  soldier,  as  he 
has  since  in  his  ministerial  career.  In  1886,  1890,  1894,  and  1898 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference.  In  1886  he  declined 
the  presidency  of  Whitworth  female  college  of  Brookhaven,  Miss. ; 
and  the  same  year  declined  the  presidency  of  the  Centenary  col 
lege  of  Jackson,  La.  Since  1893  he  has  been  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  New  Orleans  Christian  Advocate.  Dr.  Black  has  lectured 
in  nine  different  states ;  and  three  of  his  lectures — God  in  Nature ; 
Genesis  and  Geology ;  Is  Man  Immortal — have  attracted  much  at 
tention.  He  is  the  author  of  Philosophy  of  Methodism ;  Temper 
ance  and  Teetotalism;  Christian  Womanhood;  and  other  works. 
Blackman,  Alfred  John,  second  lieutenant  Hawaiian  National 


50  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

guard,  was  born  Oct.  23,  1883,  in  San  Francisco,  Gal.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  Catholic  schools  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
He  is  by  profession  a  salesman  of  Honolulu,  H.I. ;  and  greatly  in 
terested  in  military  matters.  Since  1904  he  has  held  the  rank  of 
second  lieutenant  in  the  first  regiment  of  Hawaii  National  guard ; 
and  resides  in  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

Blackader,  Alexander  Dougall,  physician,  scientist,  was  born 
June  19,  1847,  in  Montreal,  Canada.  He  was  educated  at  the 
McGill  university;  and  is  a  graduate  in  arts  and  medicine,  with 
honors  in  natural  science.  He  also  attended  Saint  Thomas's  hos 
pital  of  London,  England.  Since  1881  he  has  been  a  lecturer  on 
the  diseases  of  children,  and  since  1891  has  been  professor  of 
pharmacology  and  therapeutics  at  McGill  university.  He  also 
practices  medicine  in  Montreal,  Canada. 

Blackmore,  Henry  Spencer,  patent  attorney,  chemist,  inventor, 
was  born  March  10,  1868,  in  Yonkers,  N.Y. ;  and  is  a  son  of  Isaac 
Blackmore.  In  1884  he  graduated  from  the  grammar  school  at 
Mount  Yernon,  N.Y. ;  in  1888  he  graduated  from  the  New  York 
college  of  pharmacy;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.G.  and 
F.C.S.  He  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Black-Ford  utility  oil 
company;  is  consulting  chemist  to  the  American  automatic  dis 
infectant  company  and  the  Mexican  national  leather  company; 
and  is  the  inventor  of  processes  for  reducing  aluminum  and  other 
metals,  electric  smelting,  making  alkali  from  feldspar,  making 
caustic  soda  from  common  salt ;  and  has  taken  out  over  one  hun 
dred  and  fifty  patents.  He  is  the  discoverer,  inventor  and  patentee 
of  a  process  for  making  substances  which  are  unstable  at  elevated 
temperature,  but  which  evolve  heat  on  their  formation;  and 
this  process  has  economized  and  revolutionized  the  manufacture 
of  these  products.  He  has  also  discovered  what  is  believed  to  be 
two  new  chemical  elements  of  non-metallic  nature,  found  asso 
ciated  or  combined  with  sulphur,  for  which  the  names  Azureon 
and  Vernon  have  been  suggested.  He  is  consulting  chemist  to 
the  health  department  of  the  state  of  New  York.  He  is  a  fellow 
of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science; 
a  member  of  the  International  congress  of  applied  chemistry  and 
the  International  electrical  congress ;  and  of  various  other  frater 
nal,  patriotic  and  scientific  societies. 

Blackstone,  John  William  Gillet,  judge  circuit  court  of  Virginia, 
was  born  Oct.  3, 1858,  in  Aecomack,  Va.  For  two  years  he  studied 
at  Roanoke  college ;  and  for  five  years  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia.  He  soon  acquired  prominence  at  the  bar  of  Virginia; 
and  in  1896  was  a  member  of  the  national  democratic  convention 
held  at  Chicago,  HI.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Virginia  state 
senate ;  for  several  years  was  county  judge  of  Aecomack  county ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  51 

and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is 
now  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  twelfth  judicial  circuit  of 
Virginia  for  the  term  of  1904-10 ;  and  resides  in  Accomack,  Va. 

Blackwell,  Mrs.  Antoinette  Brown,  minister,  author,  was  born 
May  20, 1825,  in  Henrietta,  N.Y.  She  is  a  Unitarian  minister  promi- 
ment  in  the  woman  suffragist's  movement  and  in  other  reforms. 
She  is  the  author  of  Studies  in  General  Science;  The  Market 
Woman ;  The  Island  Neighbors,  a  novel  of  American  life ;  The 
Sexes  Throughout  Nature;  The  Physical  Basis  of  Immortality; 
The  Many  and  the  One ;  and  The  Philosophy  of  Individuality. 

Blain,  Randolph  Harrison,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  16,  1842,  in  Glentivar,  Albermarle  county,  Va.  He 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.A.  from  Washington  college  of 
Lexington,  Va. ;  and  graduated  from  the  Louisville  law  school 
with  the  degree  of  B.L.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  as  private  and  senior  first  lieutenant  in  Jackson  'a 
battery  of  General  Stuart's  horse  artillery;  receiving  six  wounds. 
For  twenty  years  he  was  attorney  for  the  Louisville  school  board ; 
for  twenty-five  years  was  president  of  the  Louisville  charity  or 
ganization,  and  for  many  years  was  judge  of  the  police  court  of 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  a  prominent  mason;  and  a  member  of  the 
George  B.  Eastin  camp,  united  confederate  veterans.  He  is  the 
author  of  Public  School  Laws  of  the  City  of  Louisville. 

Blaisdell,  Alfred,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  in  1875  in  Fair 
mont,  Minn.  In  1894  he  graduated  from  Fairmont  high  school; 
in  1898  graduated  from  the  university  of  Minnesota  with  the 
degree  of  bachelor  of  science;  and  in  1901  graduated  from  the 
college  of  law  at  the  university  of  Minnesota.  In  1900  he  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  Minot,  N.D. ;  has  been  United  States  com 
missioner;  a  trustee  of  the  state  normal  board;  and  a  director  in 
the  state  historical  society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  masonic  and 
various  fraternal  and  patriotic  orders ;  and  has  been  a  successful 
promoter  of  various  business  enterprises  in  the  state  of  North 
Dakota.  In  1907-08  he  was  secretary  of  state  for  North  Dakota. 

Blair,  Charles  H.,  lawyer,  statesman,  author,  was  born  July 
5,  1851,  in  Zanesville,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  Kenyon  col 
lege;  and  graduated  from  Cornell  university  with  the  degrees 
of  A.B.  and  A.M.  In  1876-82  he  practiced  law  in  Ithaca,  N.Y.; 
and  since  1882  has  practiced  law  in  New  York  City.  In  1892- 
1900  he  was  president  of  the  Ithaca  calendar  clock  company ;  and 
since  1905  has  been  president  of  the  Hanover  land  and  dock  com 
pany.  He  has  been  captain  and  colonel  in  the  New  York  na 
tional  guard.  In  1890  he  was  the  republican  candidate  for  con 
gress  from  the  twelfth  district  of  New  York  City.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Ohio  society  of  New  York.  He  is  the 


52  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

author  of  The  National  Railway  Act ;  and  Report  on  the  Proposed 
Park  System  for  the  Borough  of  Richmond,  New  York  City. 

Blair,  William  Allen,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  June 
4,  1860,  in  High  Point,  N.C.  After  graduating  in  1882  from  Har 
vard  university  he  entered  actively  into  educational  work.  In 
1889  he  was  commissioned  as  state  representative  of  the  Paris 
exposition  and  has  thoroughly  examined  the  school  systems  of 
Europe.  He  has  been  president  of  several  societies  and  in  1890 
became  president  of  the  People's  national  bank  of  Winston,  N.C. 
In  1899  he  was  president  of  the  North  Carolina  state  bankers' 
association.  He  is  the  author  of  The  History  of  Banking  in  North 
Carolina ;  Banks  of  Issue ;  and  other  works. 

Blake,  William  Phipps,  geologist,  was  born  June  1,  1826,  in 
New  York  City.  He  is  professor  of  geology  in  the  university  of 
Arizona ;  and  actively  engaged  in  exploring  the  mineral  resources 
of  the  Pacific  states  and  territories.  He  is  the  author  of  Silver 
Ores  and  Silver  Mines;  California  Minerals;  Production  of  the 
Precious  Metals;  Iron  and  Steel;  Ceramic  Art  and  Glass;  His 
tory  of  Hamden,  Conn. ;  Life  of  Captain  Jonathan  Mix ;  and  many 
contributions  to  journals  of  science. 

Blanchard,  James  Armstrong,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born 
Aug.  16.  1845,  in  Henderson,  N.Y.  At  the  age  of  nine  years  he 
was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. ;  and  while  pre 
paring  for  college  he  enlisted  in  the  second  Wisconsin  volunteer 
cavalry;  and  was  mustered  out  in  1865.  In  1871  he  graduated 
from  Ripon  college;  and  in  the  meantime  taught  school  to  pay 
his  expenses.  In  1873  he  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  Col 
umbia  college  of  New  York  City;  and  soon  attained  prominence 
at  the  bar.  In  1901  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  state  of  New  York  for  the  term  ending  in  1915. 

Blayney,  Francis  Stockton,  educator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  col 
lege  president,  founder,  author,  was  born  July  31,  1856,  in  Iberia, 
Ohio.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.,  Ph.D.  and  D.D.  He 
was  president  of  the  university  of  Omaha;  and  president  of 
Bellevue  college.  He  organized  and  built  the  Second  presbyterian 
church  of  Omaha;  and  also  the  First  presbyterian  church  of 
Omaha  and  the  First  church  of  Hebron,  Neb.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  pastor  of  the  First  presbyterian  church  of  Abilene,  Kan. 
He  has  lectured  on  philosophy,  psychology  and  ethics.  He  was 
acting  chaplain  under  Generals  Howard  and  Crooks  at  Fort 
Omaha.  He  is  the  author  of  Monographs  on  Philosophy,  Psychol 
ogy  and  Ethics.  , 

Bliss,  Cornelius  Newton,  treasurer  republican  national  commit 
tee  for  New  York,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1833,  in  Fall  River,  Mass. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Pan-American  conference ;  was  president 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  53 

of  the  protective  tariff  league;  was  chairman  of  the  republican 
state  committees  New  York  of  1887  and  1888;  was  treasurer  of 
the  national  republican  committees  in  1892,  1896,  1900  and  1904; 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  the  nomination  for  governor  of 
his  state  in  1885,  and  refused  to  have  his  name  presented  to  the 
convention  for  that  position  in  1891.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
business  men's  committee  which  tried  to  nominate  President 
Arthur  for  a  second  term  in  1884,  and  was  chairman  of  the  com 
mittee  of  thirty  in  1893.  He  was  secretary  of  the  interior  in  1897- 
98.  He  resides  in  New  York  iCty. 

Bliss,  Tasker  Howard,  soldier,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1853,  in 
Lewisburg,  Pa.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  West  Point  military 
academy;  and  in  1884  from  the  United  States  artillery  school. 
In  1875-92  he  served  in  the  first  United  States  artillery.  In  1884- 
85  he  was  adjutant  in  the  artillery  school;  and  in  1888-95  was 
inspector  of  rifle  practice.  In  1895-97  he  was  on  special  duty 
with  the  secretary  of  war ;  and  in  1897-98  was  military  attache  of 
the  United  States  legation  at  Madrid.  He  served  through  the 
Spanish- American  war ;  and  in  1898-1902  was  chief  of  the  Cuban 
customs  service.  In  1901  he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  in 
the  United  States  volunteers;  and  in  1902  became  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  United  States  army.  Since  1903  he  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  army  war  college  at  Washington,  D.C. 

Block,  Louis  James,  educator,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  1851 
in  Austria.  Since  1895  he  has  been  principal  of  the  John  Marshall 
high  school  of  Chicago,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  Dramatic  Sketches 
and  Poems ;  The  New  World  and  Other  Verse ;  Capriccios ;  Many 
Moods  and  Many  Minds;  and  The  World's  Triumph. 

Blood,  Jared  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1844,  in 
Whitefield,  N.H. ;  and  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
on  his  maternal  side.  He  received  his  academic  education  at  the 
Lancaster  academy  of  New  Hampshire.  He  served  as  a  union 
soldier  during  the  civil  war,  enlisting  in  1864  in  the  first  New 
Hampshire  heavy  artillery,  company  I ;  and  served  until  the  close 
of  the  civil  war.  He  entered  the  classical  course  at  Lombard  uni 
versity  in  1866 ;  graduated  in  1870  with  the  degree  of  A.B. ;  and 
subsequently  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  the  same  institu 
tion.  He  has  been  vice-president,  director  and  general  counsel 
for  the  Lincoln  park  company  and  the  Sioux  City  and  Morning- 
side  railway  company,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  promoters.  He 
has  become  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  west ;  and  has  an 
extensive  practice  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  where  he  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  masonic  order,  grand  army  of  the  republic  and 
other  fraternal  bodies.  He  has  also  contributed  extensively  to 
law  literature  and  various  newspapers  and  magazines. 


64  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Bloom,  Jacob  E.,  captain  United  States  army,  was  born  April 
21,  1851,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the  Cincinnati 
high  school;  attended  the  Cincinnati  law  college;  and  graduated 
from  the  United  States  military  academy.  He  was  commandant 
of  cadets,  East  Tennessee  university.  In  1876  he  participated  as 
an  officer  of  the  fourth  United  States  artillery  in  the  Sioux  Indian 
campaign;  and  also  in  the  Nez  Perce  campaign  of  1877.  In 
1880-98  while  in  civil  life  he  was  a  member  of  the  bar  of  Ohio  and 
New  York ;  in  1894  founded  the  wage  earners  fraternal  insurance ; 
and  in  1898  founded  the  patriotic  league  of  New  York.  During  the 
Spanish-American  war  he  was  assistant  adjutant-general  United 
States  volunteers.  Since  1901  he  has  held  the  rank  of  captain 
commissary  in  the  United  States  army;  and  since  1906  has  been 
stationed  at  Iloilo,  P.I. 

Blue,  Rupert,  physician,  sanitarian,  was  born  May  30,  1867, 
in  Richmond  county,  N.C.  He  was  educated  at  the  university  of 
Virginia  and  at  the  university  of  Maryland.  In  1892  he  was  in 
terne,  in  1893  assistant  surgeon  and  since  1897  has  been  past  as 
sistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  public  health  and  marine 
hospital  service.  He  has  served  in  Cincinnati,  Galveston,  Charles 
ton,  San  Francisco,  Portland,  Milwaukee,  New  York  City,  Nor 
folk,  New  Orleans  and  in  foreign  ports ;  and  in  1905  served  through 
the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  in  New  Orleans,  La.  In  1897  he  was 
director  of  the  Jamestown  exposition ;  and  in  1907-08  commanded 
the  second  campaign  against  the  bubonic  plague  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Boardman,  William  F.  J.,  merchant,  manufacturer,  genealogist, 
was  born  Dec.  12,  1828,  in  Wethersfield,  Conn.  For  forty-two 
years  he  was  an  importer,  merchant  and  manufacturer  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn. ;  and  a  bank  director  and  a  director  of  companies. 
In  1852  he  married  Miss  Jane  Maria  Greenleaf,  who  died  in  1899. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  historial  society  of  founders 
and  patriots  of  America;  and  a  member  of  other  historical  and 
genealogical  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Boardman  Gene 
alogy  ;  The  Francis-Goodrich-Boardman  Genealogy ;  The  Wethers- 
field  Inscriptions;  The  Memorial  of  Mary  Frances  and  William 
Boardman;  and  other  genealogical  compilations. 

Boas,  Emil  Leopold,  general  manager  Hamburg-American  line, 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1854,  in  Goerlitz,  Germany.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Royal  Frederick  William  gymnasium  in  Breslau;  at  the 
Sophia  gymnasium  in  Berlin;  and  graduated  in  1872;  in  1873  he 
became  connected  with  the  Hamburg-American  line ;  and  the  same 
year  came  to  the  United  States.  Since  1892  he  has  been  general 
manager  of  the  Hamburg- American  line;  president  of  the  Atlas 


OP  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  55 

line  steamship  company;  and  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  all 
efforts  to  improve  transportation  facilities  by  water. 

Boedecker,  George  August  Wilhelm,  merchant,  author,  poet, 
was  born  Jan.  18,  1840,  in  Germany.  He  served  two  terms  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace  in  Kansas.  He  is  now  in  business  in  Pueblo, 
Col.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems ;  and  has  ready  for 
publication  a  prose  work. 

Bogert,  Marston  Taylor,  educator,  scientist,  was  born  April  18, 
1868,  in  Flushing,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Flushing  institute ; 
in  1890  graduated  from  Columbia  university ;  and  in  1890-94  took 
a  course  of  chemistry  in  the  Columbia  university  school  of  mines. 
Since  1901  he  has  been  professor  of  organic  chemistry  in  Col 
umbia  university.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association  for 
the  advancement  of  science;  and  in  1900  was  a  member  of  the 
general  committee.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  chemists' 
club  of  New  York  City.  He  is  a  contributor  of  the  School  of 
Mines  Quarterly  and  to  the  Journal  of  the  American  Chemists' 
Society. 

Bolen,  David  Winton,  lawyer,  jurist,  statesman,  was  born  Aug. 
17,  1851,  in  Carroll  county,  Va.  He  has  been  an  editor;  was  a 
surveyor;  and  is  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Virginia.  He  was  three 
times  elected  to  the  state  legislature;  was  four  years  judge  of 
the  county  court  of  Carroll  county;  and  for  two  years  was 
judge  of  the  fifteenth  judicial  circuit  of  Virginia.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  constitutional  convention  in  1901-02 ;  and 
in  1904  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  democratic  ticket  for 
Judge  Parker. 

Bolton,  J.  Gray,  clergyman,  founder,  was  born  March  17,  1849, 
in  Ireland.  He  was  the  founder  of  Hope  presbyterian  church  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  has  been  its  only  pastor  for  thirty-four 
years. 

Bond,  Mrs.  Clara,  state  librarian  of  Wyoming.  She  is  in  the 
service  of  the  state  of  Wyoming  as  state  librarian  for  the  term 
ending  in  1907,  and  was  re-appointed  for  the  term  of  1907-09; 
and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

Booth,  John  E.,  county  district  judge  of  Utah,  was  born  June 
29,  1847,  in  Lancashire,  England.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Deseret  university  of  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He  has  been  mayor 
of  Provo,  Utah;  and  a  member  of  both  houses  of  the  territorial 
legislature.  He  has  been  county  attorney  for  Utah  county;  as 
sistant  United  States  district  attorney;  and  a  member  of  the 
state  and  territorial  board  of  equalization.  Since  1899  he  has  been 
district  and  probate  judge  for  Utah,  Wasatch  and  Uintah  coun 
ties;  and  resides  in  Provo,  Utah. 


56  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Hope,  Henry  P.,  vice-president  Carnegie  steel  company,  was 
born  Sept.  19,  1858,  in  Lancaster,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town; 
and  subsequently  studied  under  private  tuition.  He  became  an 
expert  reporter;  and  in  1878-79  reported  the  Ohio  legislative 
sessions.  In  1879  he  became  a  representative  of  his  old  firm, 
A.  S.  Barnes  and  company,  with  whom  he  had  been  connected 
earlier  in  life  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  next  became  connected 
with  the  Carnegie  interests  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  and  in  1900  was 
made  assistant  general  sales  agent.  Since  1901  he  has  been  vice- 
president;  and  is  now  first  vice-president  and  general  manager 
of  the  Carnegie  steel  company,  the  National  steel  company,  and 
the  American  hoop  company. 

Borden,  Matthew  Chaloner  Dufree,  merchant,  manufacturer, 
philanthropist,  was  born  July  18,  1842,  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  The 
mills  of  his  firm  contain  about  two  hundred  thousand  spindles  and 
more  than  five  thousand  looms,  producing  thirty-five  thousand 
pieces  of  print  cloth  weekly,  or  about  one-half  the  whole  amount 
required  by  the  American  printing  company.  The  two  companies 
are  of  enormous  value  to  Fall  River,  Mass.  He  takes  a  prom 
inent  part  in  public  affairs  and  is  identified  with  various  philan 
thropic  movements  in  his  town  and  state. 

Bostwick,  Charles  Francis,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Oct. 
10,  1866,  in  Westchester  county,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  New  York  city;  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  Columbia  college ;  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  Colum 
bia  law  school;  and  in  1886  received  the  degree  of  LL.M.  from 
the  New  York  university.  Since  1887  he  has  practiced  law  in 
New  York  city.  In  1902  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New 
York  state  assembly ;  was  re-elected  in  1903 ;  and  introduced  the 
one  hundred  thousand  dollar  barge  canal  bill,  known  as  the 
Bostwick-Davis  bill.  In  1904-05  he  was  president  of  the  West 
Side  republican  club;  and  for  thirteen  years  was  a  member  of 
the  seventh  regiment  New  York  national  guard.  He  is  the  author 
of  Bostwick 's  Lawyers '  Manual ;  and  numerous  legal  pamphlets. 

Bovard,  Freeman  Daily,  educator,  journalist,  mathematician, 
was  born  Jan.  9,  1851,  in  Alpha,  Ind.  He  graduated  from  De 
Pauw  university  of  Greencastle,  Ind. ;  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.B.,  A.M.,  D.D.  and  Ph.D.  In  1875  he  was  ordained  to 
the  methodist  episcopal  ministry.  In  1880-85  he  was  professor  of 
mathematics  at  the  university  of  Southern  California,  of  which  he 
was  also  vice-president.  In  1887-93  he  was  presiding  elder  of  the 
San  Francisco  district;  and  superintendent  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church.  In  1889-1900  he  was  secretary  of  the  movement  for 
the  exemption  from  taxation  of  churches  in  California.  In  1900, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  57 

1904  and  1908  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  general  conference.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  editor  of  the  California  Christian  Advocate ;  and 
is  the  author  of  valuable  contributions  to  current  literature  of  the 
church. 

Bovard,  George  Pinley,  educator,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  Aug.  8,  1856,  in  Alpha,  Ind.  He  was  a  student  in  the 
De  Pauw  university;  and  he  graduated  from  the  university  of 
southern  California  with  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M. ;  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wilmette  university.  In  1884-87 
he  was  a  pastor  in  the  methodist  church ;  and  in  1887-90  and  1897- 
1903  was  presiding  elder.  In  1890-97  he  was  superintendent  of 
the  Arizona  missions.  Since  1900  he  has  been  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  university  of  southern  California;  and 
since  1903  he  has  been  president  of  that  institution. 

Bowen,  Andrew  Jackson,  merchant,  lawyer,  statesman,  was 
born  April  16,  1845,  in  Eastford,  Conn.  For  many  years  he  was 
engaged  in  educational  work;  then  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits;  and  has  served  as  postmaster,  constable,  bank  director, 
school  visitor  and  justice  of  the  peace.  In  1880  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Connecticut  state  legislature  from  Eastford;  and 
served  in  the  same  position  in  1895  from  Windham.  In  1895  he 
became  judge  of  the  police  court  of  the  city  of  Willimantic,  where 
he  practices  law.  He  is  now  United  States  referee  in  bankruptcy ; 
and  also  town  counsel  for  Windham. 

Bowerman,  George  Franklin,  librarian,  was  born  Sept.  8,  1868, 
in  Farmington,  N.Y.  In  1892  he  was  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Rochester,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1895  from  the  New  York  state 
library  school  at  Albany  with  the  degree  of  B.L.S.  In  1895-96 
he  was  reference  librarian  of  the  Reynolds  library  at  Rochester; 
in  1897-1900  he  was  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Trib 
une;  and  in  1900-01  was  on  the  staff  of  the  New  International 
Encyclopaedia.  In  1901-04  he  was  librarian  of  the  Wilmington 
institute  free  library;  and  while  living  in  Delaware  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  library  commission.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  library  association;  and  was  its  treasurer  in  1906-07. 
In  1905  he  was  president  of  the  library  department  of  the  religious 
education  association ;  and  in  1906-07  was  president  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  library  association.  He  is  the  compiler  of  Selected 
Bibliography  of  the  religious  denominations  of  the  United  States. 
Since  1904  he  has  been  librarian  of  the  public  library  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

Bowers,  Alphonzo  Benjamin,  civil,  mechanical  and  hydraulic 
engineer,  inventor,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1830,  in  Baldwin,  Maine. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Brighton  academy  of  Maine ;  attended  the 
Wesleyan  seminary  of  Bridgewater,  and  the  state  normal  school. 


58  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

In  1853  he  went  to  California  and  there  engaged  in  mining,  teach 
ing,  writing  and  lecturing;  and  the  same  year  invented  a  method 
of  cheap  transportation  of  earth  by  stream  of  water  on  down 
grade  in  open  flume.  In  1863  he  invented  a  method  of  building 
dams  from  dredges;  in  1874-76  put  in  the  waterworks  at  Liver- 
more,  Cal. ;  and  in  1878  built  the  first  hydraulic  dredge.  He  is  the 
inventor  of  the  art  of  hydraulic  dredging;  and  is  president  and 
vice-president  of  several  large  dredging  companies  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  lines.  He  is  also  interested  hi  coal  mining,  water 
works,  electric  and  light  plants,  gold  and  silver  mines  in  Wyom 
ing,  on  the  Pacific  coast  and  in  Mexico.  In  1861-63  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  state  conventions;  and  declined  the  nomin 
ation  for  surveyor-general.  In  1863-67  he  was  in  charge  of  the 
sale  of  state  lands ;  and  in  1898  was  a  delegate  to  the  international 
congress  of  commerce  and  navigation  at  Brussels.  He  is  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Technical  society  of  the  Pacific  coast ;  and  also 
of  the  California  association  of  civil  engineers. 

Boyd,  James  P.,  lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1836,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Lafayette  col 
lege  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Lancaster  bars. 
In  1869-72  he  was  managing  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  Press; 
and  was  managing  editor  of  the  People's  Journal  in  1873-83.  He 
is  the  author  of  Lives  of  Grant,  Sheridan,  Sherman,  and  Emperor 
William  I ;  History  of  the  Crusades ;  Building  and  Ruling  the  Re 
public  ;  Political  History  of  the  United  States ;  and  other  works. 

Boyle,  Thomas  Newton,  soldier,  clergyman,  lecturer,  was  born 
April  26,  1839,  in  Blairsville,  Pa.  In  his  youth  he  learned  the 
printing  business;  and  became  editor  of  the  Democratic  Whig  of 
Belief onte,  Pa.  He  subsequently  attended  school ;  and  in  1859  be 
came  a  clergyman  in  the  methodist  episcopal  church.  During  the 
fall  of  1862  he  recruited  three  hundred  men  for  the  union  army. 
He  enlisted  in  the  hundred  and  fortieth  regiment  Pennsylvania 
infantry ;  and  was  elected  captain  of  company  H.  He  is  a  trustee 
of  the  American  university,  of  Allegheny  college,  of  Mount  Union 
college  and  of  Beaver  college;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
D.D.  and  LL.D.  He  has  been  a  presiding  elder  for  eighteen  years ; 
five  times  was  a  member  of  the  general  conference ;  was  a  member 
of  the  centennial  conference  of  1884;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
book  committee  of  the  church  for  four  years.  As  a  lecturer  he  is 
a  forceful  and  an  eloquent  speaker.  He  is  past  grand  chaplain  of 
the  grand  army  of  the  republic;  and  grand  prelate  of  the  grand 
commandery  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  constant  contributor  to 
current  literature.  He  is  now  district  superintendent  of  the  Al 
legheny  district  methodist  episcopal  church;  and  a  resident  of 
Grafton,  Pa. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  59 

Bracken,  Henry  Martyn,  secretary  and  executive  officer  Min 
nesota  state  board  of  health,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1854,  in  Nobles- 
town,  Pa.  In  1877  he  graduated  from  the  college  of  physicians 
and  surgeons  of  New  York  City;  and  received  a  diploma  in  1879 
from  the  Royal  college  of  surgeons  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  In 
1888-1908  he  was  professor  of  materia  medica  and  therapeutics  at 
the  university  of  Minnesota.  He  is  the  author  of  Infection  and 
Disinfection.  Since  1890  he  has  been  secretary  and  executive 
officer  of  the  Minnesota  state  board  of  health;  and  resides  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 

Brackett,  J.  Raymond,  educator,  litterateur,  was  born  April  1, 
1854,  in  Raymond,  Maine.  He  attended  Bates  college  and  Yale 
college;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  B.A.,  M.A.  and  Ph.D. 
For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work  in  New  Eng 
land  ;  and  since  1884  has  filled  the  chair  of  comparative  and  Eng 
lish  literature  in  the  university  of  Colorado,  of  which  institution 
he  is  director  of  the  graduate  school. 

Bradbury,  William  Frothingham,  educator,  inventor,  author, 
was  born  May  17,  1829,  in  Westminster,  Mass.  He  attended  the 
Westminster  academy;  and  in  1856  he  graduated  from  Amherst 
college.  He  is  the  head  master  in  the  Cambridge  latin  school.  He 
is  the  author  of  Sight  Arithmetic;  and  of  several  mathematical 
text-books.  He  is  the  inventor  and  patentee  of  a  device  for  il 
lustrating  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Cambridge  city  government  two  years.  For  forty- 
four  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Handel  and  Haydn  society ; 
one  of  its  directors  for  more  than  twenty-two  years  past;  and  its 
secretary  for  ten  years. 

Bradley,  George  Beckwith,  lawyer,  state  senator,  jurist,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1825,  in  Greene,  Chenango  county,  N.Y.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  country  schools ;  attended  the 
academy  at  Ithaca,  N.Y. ;  and  studied  law.  Subsequently  the  uni 
versity  of  Rochester  conferred  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  1848 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Oswego,  N.Y. ;  and  began  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Corning,  N.Y.  In  1872-73  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  state  constitutional  convention ;  and  in  1874- 
77  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  senate.  In  1884-97  he 
was  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York ;  during  that  time 
was  judge  of  the  second  division  court  of  appeals  for  about  four 
years;  and  in  1896-97  was  a  member  of  the  appellate  division  of 
the  supreme  court.  He  has  retired  from  active  work;  and  is  now 
vice-president  of  the  first  national  bank  of  Corning,  N.Y. 

Bradley,  Leonidas  Hamaline,  lawyer,  was  born  July  23,  1841, 
in  Patriot,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
university,  and  received  the  degree  of  B.A. ;  and  subsequently  re- 


60  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier  and  was  as 
sistant  acting  adjutant-general  at  Fort  Pickering,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
In  1866  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois. 
He  lived  in  Springfield,  111.,  during  1865-86  and  there  took  an 
active  part  in  local  affairs ;  was  a  member  of  the  city  council,  and 
assistant  United  States  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  Illinois, 
and  was  instrumental  in  breaking  up  the  whisky  ring  during  1868- 
73.  He  then  removed  to  Omaha,  Neb.,  where  he  holds  a  place  in 
the  front  ranks  as  an  able  lawyer. 

Bradley,  Nathan  B.,  jurist,  legislator,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  May  28,  1831,  in  Lee,  Mass.  He  was  elected  a  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  three  terms ;  a  supervisor  one  term ;  an  alderman 
three  terms ;  and  was  the  first  mayor  of  Bay  City,  Mich.,  declining 
a  renomination.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty- 
fourth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  is  senior  member  of  the 
business  firm  of  N.  B.  Bradley  and  Sons ;  and  resides  in  Bay  City, 
Mich. 

Brainard,  David  Legg,  soldier,  explorer,  was  born  Dec.  21, 1856, 
in  Norway,  N.Y.  He  attended  the  state  normal  school  at  Cortland, 
N.Y.  He  participated  in  the  Indian  campaigns  under  General 
Miles;  and  was  wounded  in  the  face  in  action  with  the  Sioux  at 
Muddy  Creek  in  1877.  In  the  following  August  he  was  one  of  the 
four  men  selected  to  act  as  escort  to  General  Sherman  and  party 
in  their  tour  through  the  national  park.  In  1879  he  was  promoted 
sergeant;  and  in  1880  was  recommended  for  detail  on  the  How- 
gate  polar  expedition.  He  was  one  of  the  three  who  in  1882  at 
tained  the  highest  northern  point  on  the  globe  over  reached  by 
man.  During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  was  promoted  to 
colonel  and  chief  commissary  of  the  United  States  volunteers ;  and 
was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  in  1905. 

Branson,  Eugene  Cunningham,  educator,  college  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1861,  in  Morehead  City,  N.C.  He  has  been 
superintendent  of  public  schools  at  Wilson,  N.C.,  and  at  Athens, 
Ga.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  professor  of  pedagogy  at  the 
Georgia  normal  and  industrial  school ;  and  is  now  president  of  the 
state  normal  school  of  Georgia.  He  is  the  author  of  Methods  of 
Teaching  Arithmetic ;  Methods  of  Teaching  Reading  and  Spelling ; 
Revised  Page 's  Theory  and  Practice  of  Teaching ;  Georgia  Edition 
Shaw's  School  Hygiene;  Georgia  Edition  Arnold's  Waymarks  for 
Teachers;  and  Branson's  Common  School  Spellers. 

Brawley,  William  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was 
born  May  13,  1841,  in  Chester,  S.C.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army ;  and  was  solicitor  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit.  He  served  in 
the  state  legislature  of  South  Carolina.  In  1891-93  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUKY  61 

democrat ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress ;  and  served  until 
1894,  when  he  was  appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
South  Carolina. 

Brelsford,  Homer  P.,  state  representative  of  Texas,  was  born 
Sept.  1,  1869,  in  Onarga,  111.  He  received  a  thorough  education; 
and  graduated  from  Notre  Dame  university  of  Indiana.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Eastland,  Tex. ;  and  has  served  as  special  as 
sociate  justice  of  court  of  appeals  for  the  second  district  of  Texas. 
He  served  two  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  Texas  state  legis 
lature  ;  has  been  a  member  of  the  state  democratic  executive  com 
mittee  of  Texas ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  Since  1902  he  has  been  a  representative  of  the  Texas  legis 
lature  ;  and  resides  in  Eastland,  Tex. 

Brennan,  James  Francis,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March  31, 
1853,  in  Peterborough,  N.H.  He  was  educated  in  the  academy  at 
Peterborough,  N.H. ;  and  graduated  in  1884  with  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  the  university  of  Maryland  at  Baltimore.  He  has  at 
tained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Peterborough,  N.H. ;  and 
has  had  charge  of  many  important  lawsuits.  He  is  one  of  the 
three  trustees  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  library ;  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  board  of  charities  and  corrections. 
He  has  held  several  offices ;  and  is  president  of  several  financial  and 
industrial  corporations  of  Peterborough,  N.H. 

Brentano,  Theodore,  judge  superior  court  of  Illinois,  was  born 
March  29,  1854,  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  He  has  been  assistant  city 
attorney  and  assistant  corporation  counsel  of  Chicago,  111.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Cook  county,  and  is 
now  serving  the  term  of  1903-09  ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

Brents,  Thomas  Hurley,  judge  superior  court  of  Washington, 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1840,  near  Florence,  111.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  common  schools ;  the  Baptist  college  of  Oregon  City ; 
and  the  McMinnville  college,  Oregon.  He  was  appointed  justice 
of  the  peace,  was  the  first  postmaster  of  Canyon  City;  and  the 
first  county  clerk  of  Grant  county.  In  1866  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Oregon  state  legislature.  In  1870  he  moved  to 
Walla  Walla,  Wash.,  and  was  made  prosecuting  attorney  of  that 
city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  and 
forty-eighth  congresses  as  a  representative  from  Washington; 
and  has  served  as  judge  of  the  superior  court  for  Walla  Walla 
county.  In  1904  he  became  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  the 
state  of  Washington  and  resides  in  Walla  Walla,  Wash. 

Brewer,  R.,  planter,  political  economist,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1848,  in  Noxubee  county,  Miss.  He  is  a  prosperous  planter  of 
Mississippi,  and  resides  on  his  plantation  near  Prairie  Point.  He 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 


62  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

his  state;  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mississippi  people's 
party.  Since  1896  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Mississippi 
people 's  party  national  committee ;  and  is  now  serving  his  second 
term  as  chairman  of  the  Mississippi  people's  party  state  execu 
tive  committee. 

Brewer,  William  Henry,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  14, 
1828,  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.  He  graduated  from  the  Sheffield 
scientific  school;  and  studied  in  France  and  Germany.  In  1858- 
60  he  was  a  professor  of  chemistry  and  geology  in  the  college  of 
Washington,  Pa.  In  1860-64  he  was  first  assistant  of  the  geo 
logical  survey  of  California ;  and  the  latter  year  was  also  a  pro 
fessor  of  chemistry  in  the  university  of  California.  Since  1892 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Connecticut  board  of  health.  He 
has  served  on  important  government  commissions,  such  as  the 
topographical  survey  of  Connecticut,  the  cereal  production  in  the 
United  States,  United  States  forestry  commission,  scientific  sur 
vey  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  various  other  commissions.  He 
is  the  author  of  Botany  of  California ;  and  other  works. 

Brice,  John  Jones,  naval  officer,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1842,  in 
Newark,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  navy  as  a  volunteer  officer  in 
1861;  served  during  the  civil  war;  and  was  twice  promoted. 
After  the  civil  war  he  was  transferred  to  the  regular  navy; 
served  in  many  parts  of  the  world ;  and  passed  through  all  grades 
to  commodore  in  1892.  In  1894  he  commanded  the  United  States 
steamship  Adams  in  the  Behring  fleet  patrol;  and  was  retired 
for  disability  in  1895.  For  two  years  he  was  fish  commissioner; 
and  was  commandant  of  Mare  Island  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  Spanish-American  war. 

Briggs,  Frank  0.,  soldier,  mayor,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Aug.  12,  1851,  in  Concord,  N.H.  In  1872-77  he  was  second 
lieutenant  in  the  second  regiment  United  States  infantry.  In 
1899-1902  he  was  mayor  of  Trenton,  N.J.  In  1907  he  was  elected 
United  States  senator  for  the  term  of  1907-13. 

Brigham,  William  Tufts,  lawyer,  naturalist,  author,  was  born 
May  24,  1841,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1862  he  graduated  from  Har 
vard  college;  and  in  1905  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  and  the 
honorary  degree  of  Sc.D.  from  Columbia  university.  In  1864-65 
he  was  an  explorer  of  botany  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  In  1867 
he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law.  In  1868-69  he  was  an 
instructor  of  botany  in  Harvard  college.  He  inaugurated  the 
system  of  art  instruction  in  the  public  schools  and  the  Sargent 
method  of  anthropometry  now  in  general  use  in  colleges  and  uni 
versities.  Since  1888  he  has  had  charge  of  the  museum  of  Poly 
nesian  ethnology  and  natural  history  in  Honolulu,  H.I.  He  is  the 
author  of  Volcanic  Manifestations  in  New  England;  Guatemala, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  63 

the  Land  of  the  Quetzal;  Hawaiian  Feather  Work;  Index  to  the 
Islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  and  other  works. 

Bright,  John  Morgan,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan.  20, 
1817,  in  Fayetteville,  Tenn.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  Fayetteville,  Tenn. ;  he  studied  at  Brigham 
school  of  Hillsboro,  N.C. ;  in  1839  graduated  from  Nashville  uni 
versity;  in  1841  graduated  in  law  from  the  Transylvania  univer 
sity  of  Lexington,  Ky. ;  and  has  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He 
is  a  distinguished  citizen  of  Lincoln  county,  Tenn. ;  and  as  a 
lawyer  attained  eminence  as  one  of  the  most  powerful  in  the  state. 
In  1841-48  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee  state  legis 
lature.  In  1871-81  he  was  a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
forty-second,  forty- third,  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth  and  forty-sixth 
congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  still  possesses  all  of  his  talents; 
and  is  a  resident  of  Fayetteville,  Tenn. 

Brinkerhoff,  Roeliff,  soldier,  educator,  banker,  philanthropist, 
author,  was  born  June  28,  1828,  in  Auburn,  N.Y.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Auburn  academy;  and  subsequently  taught  school  and 
attended  the  academy  of  Homer.  For  three  years  he  was  a  tutor 
in  the  family  of  Andrew  Jackson  at  the  Hermitage  in  Tennessee. 
In  1851  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Ashland,  Ohio ;  and 
since  1852  has  resided  in  Mansfield,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
civil  war  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  sixty-fourth  regiment  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry;  served  five  years;  and  attained  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  For  twenty-five  years  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  board  of  state  charities ;  in  1880  was  made  president  of  the 
national  conference  of  charities  and  corrections;  in  1884-94  was 
vice-president  of  the  national  prison  congress;  and  was  its  presi 
dent  until  his  voluntary  retirement  in  1897.  In  1895  he  was 
president  of  the  American  delegation  to  the  international  prison 
congress  at  Paris,  France.  For  many  years  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Mansfield  saving  bank.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Volunteer 
Quartermaster;  and  Recollections  of  a  Lifetime. 

Britten,  Mrs.  Flora  Phelps  Harley,  educator,  lecturer,  was 
born  Sept.  2,  1864,  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  She  was  educated  at 
the  Manistee  high  school  and  at  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and 
in  1886  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Fred  E.  Britten.  She  has 
preached  in  Nebraska  and  Michigan;  and  taught  in  the  public 
schools  and  in  the  Central  university  of  Iowa.  In  1898-1901  she 
was  office  manager  of  the  state  prohibition  party  of  Michigan; 
and  since  1893  has  been  a  worker  in  the  Woman's  Christian  tem 
perance  union.  Since  1904  she  has  been  president  of  the  Boston 
Woman's  Christian  temperance  union. 

Britten,  Fred  Ernest,  clergyman,  lecturer,  founder,  was  born 
April  4,  1860,  in  Livingston  county,  Mich.  In  1884-86  he  wag 


64  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

pastor  of  the  baptist  church  at  Faribault,  Minn. ;  in  1889-93  was 
a  pastor  and  missionary  in  Nebraska;  and  in  1893-98  was  pastor 
of  the  baptist  church  at  Albion,  Mich.  In  1896-1904  he  was  a 
member  of  the  national  prohibition  committee  from  Michigan ;  in 
1898-1902  was  chairman  of  the  State  prohibition  committee  of 
Michigan;  and  in  1902  was  prohibition  candidate  for  mayor  of 
Detroit,  Mich.  Since  1905  he  has  been  president  of  the  Boston 
development  company. 

Brizzolara,  James,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1848,  in 
Richmond,  Va.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools ;  and  also  studied  under  private  teachers.  He 
subsequently  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  has  attained  success 
as  an  attorney-at-law  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  He  has  been  city  at 
torney  ;  served  as  mayor ;  and  was  adjutant-general  of  Arkansas. 
He  has  been  assistant  United  States  district  attorney;  served  as 
United  States  commissioner;  was  special  circuit  judge;  became 
special  prosecuting  attorney;  and  served  as  postmaster. 

Brock,  Robert  Alonzo,  antiquarian,  historian,  genealogist,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  9,  1839,  in  Richmond,  Va.  He  received  an 
academic  education.  In  1875-93  he  was  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Virginia  historical  society;  and  edited  eleven  volumes  of  its 
Collections.  Since  1887  he  has  been  secretary  of  the  Southern 
historical  society;  and  is  the  editor  of  twenty  volumes  of  its 
papers.  In  1879-83  he  was  associate-editor  of  the  Richmond 
Standard  of  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  a  member  of  about  seventy 
learned  societies  in  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Europe.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  registrar  and  historian  since  its  inception,  and 
is  now  secretary  of  the  Virginia  society  sons  of  the  American 
revolution.  He  possesses  a  library  of  twenty-five  thousand  vol 
umes  ;  more  than  twenty  thousand  folio  pages  of  manuscript  notes, 
genealogical  and  historical,  and  recorded  in  alphabetical  order; 
and  also  numerous  autographs,  coins  and  other  articles  secured 
as  an  antiquarian.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  Monographs 
on  historical  subjects. 

Brooks,  Bryant  Butler,  farmer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
Feb.  5,  1861,  in  Bernardston,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Powers  institute  of  Bernardston;  and  in  the  public  and  high 
schools  of  Chicago,  111.  Ever  since  1882  he  has  been  successfully 
engaged  as  a  grower  of  all  kinds  of  live  stock  in  Wyoming.  In 
1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican  convention  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1900;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  In  1904  he  was 
elected  governor  of  the  state  of  Wyoming  for  the  terms  of  1905- 
11.  He  is  president  of  the  B.  B.  Brooks  company;  is  president  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  65 

the  Broks-Hudson  company;  is  president  of  the  Coal  creek  coal 
company;  and  a  director  of  the  Casper  national  bank. 

Brooks,  Jabez,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  18,  1823,  in  England.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in 
public  and  private  schools.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1840 ; 
and  became  a  student  in  the  Rock  river  seminary  at  Mount  Mor 
ris,  111.  In  1850  he  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan  university  with 
the  degree  of  A.M.;  and  he  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Lawrence  university  of  Wisconsin.  In  1850  he  became  principal 
of  the  Watertown  seminary ;  in  1854-57  was  principal  of  the  Ham- 
line  university  at  Red  Wing,  Minn. ;  and  in  1861-69  he  was  pres 
ident  of  that  institution.  He  is  the  author  of  Attic  Greek,  a  book 
for  beginners;  and  has  published  several  phamphlets,  sermons 
and  commencement  addresses;  and  many  articles  in  state  and 
other  papers. 

Brooks,  John  Tinley,  lawyer,  banker,  state  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  17,  1850,  in  Keokuk  county,  Iowa.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state ; 
and  graduated  from  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  University  of  Mount 
Pleasant.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Hedrick,  Iowa;  is  presi 
dent  of  the  First  national  bank  of  that  city;  and  prominently 
identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county 
and  state.  He  has  been  mayor  of  his  home  town  for  eleven  terms ; 
is  now  a  honored  member  of  the  Iowa  state  senate ;  and  has  filled 
numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Brooks,  Ulysses  Robert,  clerk  state  supreme  court  of  South 
Carolina,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1846,  in  Barnwell  county,  S.  C.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Edgefield,  S.  C. ; 
attended  the  Edgefield  male  academy ;  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  private  in  company  B, 
sixth  South  Carolina  cavalry,  Butler's  brigade  and  division, 
Hampton  cavalry,  confederate  service.  In  1883-94  he  was  clerk  in 
the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state  of  South  Carolina;  and  since 
1894  has  been  clerk  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  South  Carolina ; 
and  resides  in  Columbuia,  S.C.  He  is  the  author  of  The  South 
Carolina  Bench  and  Bar;  Butler  and  his  Cavalry;  and  Secession 
War  Reminiscences. 

Broome,  Isaac,  sculptor,  artist,  inventor,  author,  was  born 
May  16,  1835,  in  Canada.  He  was  educated  in  the  Philadelphia 
schools  until  1850;  and  then  studied  art  at  the  Pennsylvania 
academy  of  fine  arts  and  also  under  private  tutors.  In  1855-56 
he  worked  on  the  Crawford  statues  for  pediment  of  the  United 
States  capitol.  In  1857  he  executed  a  statue  for  W.  W.  Corcor 
an 's  mausoleum  at  Georgetown,  D.C.  In  1885  he  established  a 
studio  in  Rome,  Italy;  and  executed  many  works  in  sculpture. 


66  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

He  has  manufactured  art  tiles  extensively;  and  is  now  living  in 
the  southern  climate  for  health,  devoting  himself  to  ideal  sculp 
ture.  In  1860  he  was  elected  an  academician  in  the  Pennsylvania 
academy  of  fine  arts.  He  received  medals  for  ceramic  arts  at 
the  Centennial  exposition  in  1876;  and  at  the  Paris  exposition  in 
1878.  He  has  been  director  of  many  schools  for  teaching  fine  in 
dustrial  arts  and  sciences;  and  has  lectured  extensively  on  those 
subjects.  He  invented  and  perfected  the  rotary  press,  which  is 
now  manufactured  in  Trenton,  N.J.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Brother;  Last  Days  of  the  Ruskin  Co-operative  Association;  and 
has  been  an  extensive  contributor  to  current  literature. 

Broun,  Thomas  Lee,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1823,  in 
Loudoun  county,  Va.  In  1848  he  graduated  from  the  university 
of  Virginia.  For  two  years  he  taught  school;  and  in  1852  was 
admitted  to  the  Kanawha  bar.  In  1858  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Coal  river  navigation  company;  and  was  re-elected  to  that 
position  directly  after  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  In  1861  he  en 
tered  the  confederate  service  as  a  private  in  the  Kanawha  rifle 
men,  which  became  the  nucleus  for  the  twenty-second  regiment 
Virginia  infantry.  He  was  promoted  to  major  in  the  third  regi 
ment  of  the  Wise  legion,  which  was  subsequently  known  as  the 
sixtieth  regiment  Virginia  infantry.  For  two  years  he  was  com 
mander  of  the  post  and  major  quartermaster  at  Dublin  Depot, 
Va. ;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Cloyd's  mountain; 
and  served  until  the  surrender  at  Appomattox  in  1865.  In  1866- 
70  he  practiced  law  in  New  York  City;  and  since  1870  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Charleston,  W.Va.  For  half  a  century  he 
has  made  a  specialty  of  West  Virginia  law  and  land  titles;  and 
has  also  devoted  much  time  to  the  development  of  the  Coal  river 
region,  where  he  owns  large  tracts  of  lands.  In  1880,  1883  and 
1886  he  was  a  delegate  from  the  diocese  of  West  Virginia  to  the 
triennial  protestant  episcopal  conventions  held  in  New  York  City, 
Philadelphia  and  Chicago;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  brother  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Le- 
roy  Broun. 

Brown,  Alanson  David,  manufacturer,  financier,  was  born 
March  21,  1847,  in  Granville,  N.Y.  He  is  president  of  the  Hamil 
ton  and  Brown  shoe  company  of  St.  Louis,  manufacturers  of 
shoes.  He  is  founder  and  president  of  the  Missouri  baptist  san 
itarium. 

Brown,  Arthur  Judson,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Dec.  3, 
1856,  in  Holliston,  Mass.  In  1880  he  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  A.B.  from  Wabash  college  of  Indiana;  and  in  1884  with  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution.  In  1883  he  graduated  from 
Lane  theological  seminary;  and  in  1891  received  the  degree  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  67 

D.D.  from  Lake  Forest  university.  In  1883-88  he  filled  pastor 
ates  in  the  presbyterian  church  in  Wisconsin  and  Illinois;  and  in 
1888-95  in  Portland,  Ore.  Since  1895  he  has  been  secretary  of 
the  presbyterian  board  of  foreign  missions  for  New  York ;  and  in 
1901-02  traveled  around  the  world.  He  is  the  author  of  The  New 
Era  in  the  Philippines;  New  Forces  in  Old  China;  The  Foreign 
Missionary;  The  Why  and  How  of  Foreign  Missions;  and  The 
Nearer  and  Farther  East. 

Brown,  Calvin  Scott,  educator,  clergyman,  missionary,  col 
lege  president,  was  born  on  March  23,  1859,  in  Salisbury,  N.C.  In 
1886  he  was  graduated  from  Shaw  university.  He  has  been  sec 
retary  and  president  of  the  Baptist  state  convention;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Baptist  state  ministers y  association.  He  has  been 
pastor  and  is  now  president  of  Waters  normal  institute  and 
general  missionary  secretary  of  the  baptist  state  convention;  and 
also  president  of  the  Scott-Carey  foreign  mission  convention.  He 
is  connected  with  various  societies  as  secretary,  superintendent 
and  grand  chaplain ;  and  is  also  the  editor  of  the  Baptist  Sentinel. 

Brown,  Charles  Carroll,  educator,  civil  engineer,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  4,  1856,  in  Austinburg,  Ohio.  He  studied  engineering 
at  Cornell  university;  and  at  the  university  of  Michigan.  In 
1883-86  he  was  professor  of  civil  engineering  at  the  rose  poly 
technic  institute;  and  in  1886-93  filled  the  same  chair  in  union 
college.  In  1894-95  he  was  city  engineer  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. ; 
and  is  now  consulting  civil  engineer  of  that  city.  Since  1900  he 
has  been  editor  of  Municipal  Engineering.  He  is  the  author  of 
Reports  on  Croton  Watershed  of  the  City  of  New  York ;  Directory 
of  American  Cement  Industries ;  and  Handbook  for  Cement  Users. 

Brown,  Demarchus  C.,  state  librarian  of  Indiana,  was  born  in 
1857  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  was  educated  at  Butler  college  and 
the  university  of  Zubingen;  attended  the  American  school  at 
Athens,  Greece;  and  studied  in  the  museums  of  Berlin,  London 
and  Paris.  He  is  a  noted  scholar.  Until  1906  he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work;  and  has  held  various  important  college  pro 
fessorships.  Since  1893  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
state  board  of  charities;  and  is  now  serving  his  fifth  term  of 
1909-12.  He  is  also  state  librarian  of  Indiana;  is  now  serving  his 
third  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Brown,  George  Warren,  merchant,  manufacturer,  was  born 
March  21,  1853,  in  Granville,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town;  and  in  1872  graduated  from  the 
Bryant  and  Stratton  commercial  college  of  Troy,  N.Y.  In  1873 
he  engaged  as  a  shipping  clerk  in  a  shoe  house  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ; 
became  travelling  salesman  within  a  year;  and  in  less  than  five 
years  became  a  leading  man  with  his  firm.  In  1878  he  established 


68  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  first  successful  shoe  factory  in  St.  Louis;  organized  what  is 
now  the  Brown  shoe  company,  of  which  he  is  founder  and  pres 
ident.  This  institution  has  become  one  of  the  greatest  commer 
cial  organizations  in  America.  He  has  been  an  important  factor 
in  helping  to  build  up  many  St.  Louis  enterprises  for  the  ad 
vancement  of  the  city  of  his  adoption.  He  is  prominent  in  relig 
ious  and  philanthropic  affairs;  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  business,  public  and  social  welfare  of  his  city  and  state ;  and 
resides  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Brown,  Henry  B.,  educator,  college  president,  founder,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1847,  in  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio.  In  1871  he  graduated 
from  the  national  normal  university  of  Lebanon,  Ohio.  In  1886 
he  was  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  northwestern  normal 
school  of  Republic,  Ohio.  In  1873  he  founded  and  became  presi 
dent  of  the  northern  Indiana  normal  school  at  Valparaiso,  Ind. 
In  1901  the  name  of  this  institution  was  changed  to  the  Valpa 
raiso  college ;  and  in  1904  to  the  Valparaiso  university.  This  in 
stitution  has  become  wellknown  throughout  the  United  States; 
and  has  been  a  blessing  to  thousands  who  have  taken  advantage 
of  the  opportunity  of  securing  higher  education  at  a  nominal  cost. 

Brown,  Orville  Harry,  physician,  pharmacologist,  scientist, 
was  born  July  18,  1875,  in  Sabetha,  Kan.  He  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.  from  the  university  of  Kansas;  studied  medicine 
and  science  at  the  university  of  Chicago  and  at  the  university  of 
St.  Louis ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.D.  and  Ph.D.  He  is 
physician-in-chief  of  the  Missouri  state  sanitarium  for  incipent 
tuberculosis;  and  was  associate  medicinal  director  of  the  Mount 
Rose  hospital  for  consumptives.  He  has  traveled  abroad;  and 
taken  post-graduate  studies  and  made  medicinal  researches.  He 
is  the  author  of  Monographs  on  physiological,  pharmacological 
and  medicinal  subjects. 

Browning,  Eliza  Gordon,  librarian,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23, 
1856,  in  Fortville,  Ind.  In  1880  she  entered  the  public  library  of 
Indianapolis;  in  1883  became  the  librarian's  first  assistant;  and 
in  1892  became  librarian.  In  1893  she  was  elected  president  of 
the  Indiana  association  of  librarians.  She  is  state  historian  of 
the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  She  is  part  author 
of  Lineage  Book  of  the  National  Society  Daughters  of  the  Amer 
ican  Revolution  in  Indiana. 

Bruce,  Matthew  Linn,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  1,  I860, 
in  Mercersburg,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools;  and  in  1880  graduated  from  the  collegiate 
institute  of  Andes,  N.Y.  In  1884  he  received  the  degree  of  A.B. 
and  in  1887  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Rutgers  college. 
In  1889  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York  City ;  and  soon 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  69 

attained  prominence  in  his  profession.  In  1904-06  he  was  the 
lieutenant-governor  of  New  York.  In  1906-07  he  was  justice  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York.  He  is  president  of  the  repub 
lican  club  of  New  York  City ;  and  a  member  of  various  legal, 
political  and  patriotic  clubs  and  societies. 

Bruce,  William  Herschel,  educator,  mathematician,  college 
president,  scientist,  was  born  April  8,  1856,  in  Troup  county,  Ga. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Alabama  polytechnic  institute;  and  at 
Mercer  university.  In  1884-93  he  was  superintendent  of  schools 
of  Blanco,  Texas;  in  1893-96  was  superintendent  of  schools  at 
Marble  Falls,  Texas,  and  in  1896-99  was  superintendent  of  schools 
at  Athens,  Texas.  In  1899-1900  he  was  president  of  the  John 
Tarleton  college  of  S'tephenville,  Texas;  in  1901-06  was  professor 
of  mathematics  at  the  North  Texas  state  normal  college;  and 
since  1906  has  been  president  of  that  institution  of  learning.  In 
1896,  1898  and  1900  he  was  a  teacher  of  mathematics  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Texas.  In  1905  he  was  president  of  the  Texas  state 
teachers'  association;  and  since  1904  has  been  chairman  of  the 
state  board  of  examiners  of  Texas.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  Texas 
academy  of  science ;  and  has  made  valuable  researches  in  mathe 
matics  and  general  geometry. 

Brumback,  Orville  S.,  president  Toledo  public  library,  was 
born  Dec.  2,  1855,  in  Delaware  county,  Ohio.  In  1877  he  grad 
uated  from  Princeton  university  with  the  degree  of  A.B. ;  sub 
sequently  was  honored  by  that  institution  with  the  degree  of 
A.M. ;  and  in  1897  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
university  of  Michigan  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  He  is  a  promi 
nent  lawyer  of  Toledo,  Ohio ;  and  has  been  president  of  and  a 
director  in  numerous  corporations.  In  1885  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Ohio  state  legislature ;  and  has  since  devoted  himself 
to  his  profession ;  and  resides  at  Toledo,  Ohio. 

Brumbaugh,  Martin  Grove,  educator,  college  president,  scholar, 
founder,  author,  was  born  April  14,  1862,  in  Huntingdon  county, 
Pa.  He  is  professor  of  pedagogy  in  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  and  president  of  Juniata  college.  In  1884-90  he  was 
county  superintendent  of  public  schools;  and  for  five  years  was 
state  conductor  of  teachers'  institutes  in  Louisiana.  In  1900-02 
he  was  the  first  commissioner  of  education  at  Porto  Rico;  estab 
lished  the  public  school  system;  founded  the  normal  schools  and 
free  public  library;  and  was  a  member  of  the  superior  board  of 
health  of  Porto  Rico.  Since  1902  he  has  filled  the  chair  of  ped 
agogy  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author  of 
Standard  Readers,  in  five  volumes ;  The  Standard  Primer ;  Stories 
of  Pennsylvania;  History  of  the  Brethren;  Juniata  Bible  Lee- 


70  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tures;  and  was  editor  of  Lippincott's  Educational  Series;  and 
other  works. 

Bmndage,  Albert  Harrison,  physician,  lecturer,  toxicologist, 
founder,  author,  was  born  March  3,  1862,  in  Candor,  N.Y.  He 
was  the  founder  and  president  of  the  Brooklyn  medical  society; 
and  has  been  president  of  the  Brooklyn  college  of  pharmacy.  He 
is  the  author  of  A  Manual  of  Toxicology ;  Practical  Points  in  Phy 
siology;  Principal  Facts  Relating  to  Poisons;  and  other  medical 
works. 

Brush,  Charles  Francis,  electrical  engineer,  inventor,  scientist, 
was  born  March  17,  1849,  in  Euclid,  Ohio.  In  1869  he  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  M.E.  from  the  university  of  Michigan;  and 
subsequently  he  received  the  degree  of  M.S.  from  that  institu 
tion  of  learning.  He  has  also  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.D.  and 
LL.D.  from  the  Western  reserve  university;  and  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Kenyon  college.  He  was  the  inventor  of  com 
mercial  electric-arc-lighting.  For  this  he  was  "awarded  the  great 
Rumf  ord  medal  by  the  academy  of  arts  and  science  ;  and  decorated 
by  the  French  government.  He  is  the  founder  of  the  Brush  elec 
tric  company;  is  president  and  director  of  many  large  corpor 
ations;  and  is  president  of  the  Euclid  Avenue  national  bank  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association  for 
the  advancement  of  science ;  a  life  member  of  the  British  associa 
tion  ;  and  a  member  of  many  engineering  and  scientific  societies. 

Bryan,  William  Jennings,  lawyer,  journalist,  congressman, 
candidate  for  the  presidency  of  the  United  States,  was  born  March 
19,  1860,  in  Salem  City,  111.  His  boyhood  was  passed  on  a 
farm  near  that  place,  and  he  attended  the  public  schools  for 
five  years;  he  then  took  a  course  at  Whipple  academy;  and  he 
completed  his  education  by  a  four  years'  course  at  Illinois  col 
lege.  As  a  student  in  the  law  office  of  Lyman  Trumbull  of 
Chicago,  he  attended  the  Union  college  of  law  in  Chicago  till 
1883,  when  he  removed  to  Jacksonville,  III. ;  and  practiced  law 
there  for  four  years.  In  1887  located  in  Lincoln,  Neb.,  and 
opened  a  law  office.  In  1891-95  he  was  a  representative  to  the 
fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  and  his  first  speech  gave 
him  a  national  reputation;  his  speech  on  the  repeal  of  the  Sher 
man  act  is  considered  a  masterpiece  on  bimetallism.  He  was 
placed  in  nomination  in  1896  for  the  presidency  by  the  demo 
cratic,  free  silver  and  populustic  parties,  and  led  a  brilliant  cam 
paign;  and  in  1900  and  1908  he  was  again  defeated.  He  is 
proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Commoner.  He  is  the  author  of 
The  First  Battle,  A  Story  of  the  Campaign  of  1896 ;  Old  World 
and  Its  Ways;  and  other  works. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  71 

Bryant,  Percy,  physician,  surgeon,  alienist,  neurologist,  was 
born  on  April  19,  1862,  in  Charles  City,  Iowa.  He  was  educated 
in  the  high  school  at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa;  in  1887  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Columbia  college  of  New  York  City, 
having  received  his  first  degree  in  medicine  from  the  Chicago 
homoepathic  medical  college  in  1883.  For  two  years  he  was 
interne  to  Cook  county  hospital;  and  in  1889-89  was  assistant 
physician  at  Ward's  Island  insane  asylum  of  New  York  City. 
In  1889-94  he  was  assistant  physician  at  the  Buffalo  state  hos 
pital;  and  in  1897-1901  he  was  medical  superintendent  of  the 
Manhattan  state  hospital,  when  he  resigned.  In  1906  he  pur 
chased  the  Bowdoin  estate  at  Rahway,  N.J.  In  1893-98  he  was 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  seventy-fourth  regiment  New  York  na 
tional  guard.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  noted  alienist  and 
neurologist,  now  retired  from  active  practice ;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  leading  medical  associations  and  scientific  societies. 

Bryant,  Wilbur  Franklin,  lawyer,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
March  21,  1851,  in  Dalton,  N.H.  In  1873  he  graduated  from 
Kimball  union  academy  of  Meriden;  and  subsequently  attended 
Dartmouth  college.  He  then  entered  educational  work  in  Mis- 
sisissippi.  In  1876  he  moved  to  Nebraska;  and  a  year  later  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Neb 
raska  and  at  St.  Helena,  where  he  was  postmaster  for  three  years ; 
and  at  West  Point  and  Hartington. 

Buchanan,  Charles  Jay,  soldier,  lawyer,  trustee,  was  born  Dec. 
27,  1843,  in  New  Berlin,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools ;  and  attended  the  United  States  military  academy.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  first  regiment  United  States 
sharpshooters  as  a  private,  non-commissioned  officer  and  first 
lieutenant;  and  as  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  Since  1874  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Albany,  N.Y.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Union 
trust  company ;  and  a  trustee  and  secretary  of  the  National  savings 
bank  of  Albany,  N.Y.  He  is  secretary  and  a  trustee  of  the  Al 
bany  law  school;  and  a  trustee  of  the  Albany  academy  for  girls. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Military  order  of  the  loyal  legion  and 
various  other  societies  and  clubs. 

Buchanan,  James  Isaac,  business  president,  banker,  was  born 
Aug.  3,  1853,  in  Hamilton,  Canada.  He  received  a  collegiate  edu 
cation.  He  is  trustee  of  the  estate  of  Capt.  J.  J.  Vandergrift 
founder  of  the  town  of  Vandergrift,  Pa.  He  is  president  of  the 
Pittsburg  trust  company;  president  of  the  Pittsburg  terminal 
warehouse  and  transfer  company ;  secreeary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Keystone  commercial  company;  director  of  the  Keystone  na 
tional  bank  of  Pittsburg ;  and  director  of  the  natural  gas  company 
of  West  Virginia.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association 


72  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

for  the  advancement  of  science;  is  a  member  of  the  Pittsburg 
academy  of  science  and  art;  and  of  various  other  institutions. 

Buchanan,  Walter  Solomon,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Feb.  8,  1882,  in  Troy,  Ala.  In  1899  he  graduated  from 
the  Tuskegee  institute;  later  graduated  from  the  Sloyd  training 
school  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  subsequently  graduated  from  Har 
vard  university  with  honors.  In  1899-1901  he  was  conference 
agent  of  the  Schofield  industrial  school  at  Aiken,  S.C. ;  in  1907 
became  southern  agent  for  the  Tuskegee  institute;  and  during 
the  same  year  was  elected  president  of  the  Corona  industrial 
institute  of  Alabama.  In  1909  he  became  president  of  the  State 
agricultural  and  mechanical  college  of  Normal,  Ala. 

Buchtel,  Henry  Augustus,  governor  of  Colorado,  born  near 
Akron,  0.,  Sept.  30,  1847 ;  educated  in  private  schools  and  Asbury 
university  (now  De  Pauw) ;  pastor  of  methodist  churches  at  Zions- 
ville,  Greencastle,  Knightstown,  Richmond  and  Lafayette,  Ind., 
and  Denver,  Col. ;  chancellor  university  of  Denver,  1900 ;  elected 
governor  of  Colorado  in  1906. 

Buck,  Charles  Francis,  lawyer,  orator,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1841,  in  Germany.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
public  schools ;  and  at  the  Louisiana  state  university  of  Alexandria. 
For  two  terms  he  served  as  city  attorney  of  New  Orleans  in 
1880-84;  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  has  held 
various  other  public  positions  of  honor  in  that  city.  In  1895-97 
he  served  as  representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress.  He  is  an  able  lawyer  and  a  brilliant  orator;  and  his 
oration  on  the  Life  and  Death  of  James  A.  Garfield  received  pub 
lication  in  all  the  leading  newspapers  of  America,  and  was  highly 
eulogized.  His  law  firm  of  Buck,  Walshe  and  Buck,  of  New 
Orleans,  attorneys  for  many  of  the  largest  corporations  in  the 
south. 

Buck,  Charles  William,  lawyer,  jurist,  diplomat,  author,  was 
born  March  17,  1849,  in  Vicksburg,  Miss.  In  1870  he  graduated 
from  Georgetown  college ;  and  in  1871  from  Kentucky  university. 
In  1871-74  he  practiced  law  in  Mississippi ;  in  1874-79  in  Louisville, 
Ky. ;  and  in  1879-85  in  Woodf ord  county,  Ky. ;  in  1880-84  he  was 
on  bench  in  Woodf  ord  county,  Ky. ;  and  1885-89  he  was  United 
States  minister  to  Peru.  He  is  now  principally  engaged  in  liter 
ary  work;  and  has  interests  in  various  business  concerns  in 
Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  the  author  of  Under  the  Sun,  or  The  Pass 
ing  of  the  Incas. 

Buckingham,  John  Duncan,  educator,  musician,  was  born  May 
17,  1855,  in  Huntington,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  as  an 
organist  in  Boston,  London  and  Paris.  He  has  taught  music  in 
the  New  England  conservatory  of  music ;  in  1897-1906  was  organ- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  73 

1st  in  Saint  Michael's  church  of  Providence,  R.I. ;  and  since  1906 
has  been  organist  in  Saint  Mark's  church  of  Brookline,  Mass, 
He  was  a  founder  and  is  a  member  of  the  American  guild  of 
organists;  and  has  composed  numerous  pieces  for  the  organ. 

Buckley,  Edward,  soldier,  lumberman,  railroad  president,  was 
born  Aug.  8,  1842,  in  England.  He  received  a  good  education. 
Enlisting  in  the  twenty-fourth  Wisconsin  infantry,  he  served 
gallantly  until  the  end  of  the  civil  war.  About  1875  he  became 
identified  with  lumbering  interests;  and  in  1892  incorporated  the 
Buckley  and  Douglas  lumber  company,  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  and  treasurer,  with  head  quarters  at  Manistee,  Mich.  Since 
1886  he  has  been  president  of  the  Manistee  and  northeastern  rail 
road  ;  and  is  identified  with  the  public  and  business  affairs  of  his 
city  and  state. 

Burbank,  Luther,  naturalist,  originator,  scientist,  was  born 
March  7,  1849,  in  Lancaster,  Mass.  He  was  always  devoted  to 
the  study  of  nature,  especially  plant  life;  and  conducts  Burbank 's 
experiment  farms  at  Santa  Rosa,  Cal.  He  was  the  originator  of 
the  Burbank  potato ;  Gold  and  Wickson  apple ;  the  October  Purple, 
Chalco,  American  and  Climax  plums;  the  Giant,  Splendor  and 
Sugar  prunes;  the  Peachblow  Burbank  and  Santa  Rosa  roses; 
Giant  and  Frangrance  callas;  and  various  new  apples,  peaches, 
nuts,  berries  and  other  valuable  trees,  besides  fruits,  flowers  and 
vegetables. 

Burgess,  H.  C.  M.,  chairman  Nebraska  republican  state  com 
mittee,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1858,  in  New  York.  He  was  educated 
at  the  M.  E.  college  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  In  1902-04  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  Nebraska  state  legislature ;  and  was  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  telegraph,  telephone  and  electric  com 
panies.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Mirage  gold  mining  and 
tunnel  company;  treasurer  of  the  American  order  company;  and 
is  now  president  of  the  American  order  of  protection.  In  1904 
he  became  chairman  of  the  Nebraska  state  republican  central 
committee;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Burgner,  Jacob,  soldier,  educator,  genealogist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  5,  1833,  in  Seneca  county,  Ohio,  of  Swiss  descent.  He 
graduated  from  Otterbein  university  of  Westerville,  Ohio.  He 
taught  school  for  thirty-four  terms;  became  a  verbatim  reporter 
for  the  press ;  and  was  the  first  court  reporter  of  Sandusky  county ; 
and  served  at  intervals  for  about  twenty  years.  He  was  a  sol 
dier  in  the  civil  war  in  the  one-hundred  and  sixty-ninth  regi 
ment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry;  and  has  since  been  adjutant  of 
Manville  Moore  post,  grand  army  of  the  republic  at  Fremont, 
Ohio.  He  held  the  office  of  civil-magistrate  several  terms.  He 


?4  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

is  the  author  of  History  and  Genealogy  of  the  Burgner  Family 
in  America ;  and  other  works. 

Burke,  Maurice  Francis,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  May  5, 
1845,  in  Ireland.  He  was  educated  at  old  St.  Mary's  of  the  Lake 
in  Chicago,  111. ;  at  Notre  Dame  of  Indiana ;  and  studied  for  nine 
years  at  the  American  college  in  Rome,  Italy,  where  he  was 
ordained  a  priest  in  1875.  For  three  years  he  was  assistant 
pastor  of  St.  Mary's  in  Chicago,  111.,  and  for  nine  years  was  pastor 
of  St.  Mary's  in  Joliet,  111.  In  1887-93  he  was  the  Roman  catholic 
bishop  of  Cheyenne,  Wyo. ;  and  since  1893  has  been  bishop  of  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.  He  is  also  noted  as  an  eminent  linguist. 

Burkett,  Charles  William,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  3,  1873,  in  Thornville,  Ohio.  In  1895  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  B.Sc.  from  the  university  of  Ohio ;  and  subsequently 
received  the  degrees  of  M.Sc.  and  Ph.D.  In  1895-98  he  was  as 
sistant  in  agriculture  at  the  Ohio  state  university;  in  1898-1901 
was  professor  of  agriculture  and  agriculturist  at  the  experiment 
station  of  New  Hampshire  college ;  and  in  1901-06  filled  the  same 
chair  at  the  experiment  station  of  North  Carolina  agricultural 
college.  Since  1906  he  has  been  director  of  the  Kansas  experi 
ment  station.  Since  1898  he  has  been  editor  of  Agricultural 
Education;  and  since  1904  has  been  agricultural  editor  of  the 
Progressive  Farmer.  He  was  editor  of  Country  Life  education 
series  of  works.  He  is  the  author  of  A  History  of  Ohio  Agricul 
ture;  Agriculture  for  Beginners;  Cotton;  and  Our  Domestic 
Animals. 

Burleigh,  Clarence  Blendon,  journalist,  author,  was  born  on 
Nov.  1.  1864,  in  Linneus,  Maine.  In  1883  he  graduated  from 
New  Hampton  literary  institution  in  the  state  of  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  and  in  1887  graduated  from  Bowdoin  college.  He  has 
been  chairman  of  the  republican  city  committee;  was  president 
of  the  Maine  press  association;  was  state  printer;  was  president 
of  the  Augusta  board  of  trade;  and  president  of  the  Augusta 
city  hospital.  Since  1887  he  has  been  editor  of  the  Kennebec 
Journal  of  Augusta,  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Raymond 
Burson  Series;  and  Maine  Wood  Series,  boy's  books. 

Burnham,  William  Power,  soldier,  author,  was  born  Jan.  10, 
1860,  in  Scranton,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  United  States 
infantry  and  cavalry  school,  where  he  was  afterward  an  in 
structor  in  the  department  of  military  art.  During  the  Spanish- 
American  war  he  served  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  fourth  Mis 
souri  volunteers;  served  in  1899-1902  in  Cuba  and  in  the  Philip 
pine  Islands.  He  is  now  captain  of  the  twentieth  United  States 
infantry.  He  is  the  author  of  Three  Roads  to  a  Commission  in 
the  United  States  Army;  Duties  of  Outposts;  Advance  Guards; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  75 

Historical  Sketch  of  the  Twentieth  Infantry;  and  other  works. 

Burrage,  Albert  Cameron,  lawyer,  business  president,  was  born 
Nov.  21,  1859,  in  Ashburnham,  Mass.  In  1862  his  parents  set 
tled  in  California;  and  in  1883  he  graduated  from  the  Harvard 
university.  In  1882-84  he  studied  law  in  Harvard  law  school; 
and  in  1884  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1892 
he  was  a  member  of  the  common  council  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  in 
1894  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Boston  transit  commission 
which  built  the  Boston  subway.  Subsequently  he  became  in 
terested  in  various  industrial  enterprises  such  as  gas  and  copper ; 
president  of  all  the  allied  gas  companies  of  Boston  except  the 
Brookline;  and  in  1898  took  an  active  part  in  the  reorganization 
of  the  world's  copper  business. 

Burrows,  Joseph  H.,  farmer,  clergyman,  congressman,  was 
born  May  15,  1840,  in  Manchester,  England.  He  was  educated  in 
the  high  schools  of  Keokuk,  Iowa;  and  he  studied  two  years  in 
Quincy,  111.  He  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  Keokuk 
and  Centerville,  Iowa;  and  for  thirty  years  was  connected  with 
the  Modern  West  Fork  association  of  Cainsville,  Mo.  In  1867 
he  was  ordained  to  the  baptist  ministry;  and  for  over  thirty 
years  has  been  pastor  in  Cainsville,  Mo.  In  1883  he  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  Cainsville  bank,  of  which  he  was  vice-president. 
He  has  attained  note  as  a  public  speaker  and  temperance  lec 
turer.  In  1870-74  and  in  1878-80  he  was  a  representative  to  the 
Missouri  state  legislature.  In  1881-83  he  was  a  representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  forty-seventh  congress. 

Burrows,  Julius  Caesar,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1837,  in  North  East,  Pa.  In  1862- 
64  he  was  an  officer  in  the  union  army ;  and  in  1865-67  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  He  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  Kalamazoo  college.  In  1873-75,  1879-83  and  1885- 
95  he  was  a  representative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty-third, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  a 
United  States  senator  in  1895-99,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re- 
elected  for  the  terms  of  1899-1905  and  1905-11. 

Burton,  George  Dexter,  electrical  engineer,  inventor,  was  born 
Oct.  26,  1855,  in  Temple,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  Appleton 
academy  of  New  Ipswich,  N.H. ;  and  at  Comer's  commercial  col 
lege  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the  Burton  stock 
car;  and  was  treasurer  of  the  Burton  stock  car  company.  He 
is  president  of  the  Burton  electrical  smelting  company;  and  the 
treasurer  of  the  American  electrical  process  company  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  has  lectured  upon  the  subject  of  Heating  and  Work 
ing  Metals  by  Electricity  before  the  Harvard  lecture  club. 


76  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Burwell,  Benjamin  Franklin,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April 
15,  1866,  in  Armstrong  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  private  schools;  and  at  the  state  normal  school  at 
Glenville,  W.Va.  He  studied  law  in  West  Virginia  and  Kansas; 
and  practiced  in  Kansas  at  Gypsum  City,  where  he  was  city 
clerk.  In  1891  he  located  in  Oklahoma  City;  and  in  1898-1907 
was  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  territory 
of  Oklahoma.  He  is  now  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  in  Oklahoma  City,  Oklahoma. 

Butler,  Ellis  Parker,  literateur,  author,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1869, 
in  Muscatine,  Iowa.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  identified  with  the  public  and  social  affairs  of  Flush 
ing,  N.Y. ;  he  has  contributed  to  various  newspapers  and  maga 
zines;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Incubator  Baby;  Perkins  of  Portland;  Great 
American  Pie  Company;  Confessions  of  a  Daddy;  French  Deco 
rative  Styles;  Pigs  is  Pigs;  and  also  various  humorous  articles 
to  magazines  and  the  periodical  press. 

Butler,  James  Joseph,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29, 
1862,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1881  he  graduated  from  the  St.  Louis 
university,  with  the  degree  of  B.S. ;  and  in  1884  graduated  from 
the  Washington  university  law  school.  In  1886-94  was  city  at 
torney  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  and  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  for  over  two  years.  He  served  in  1902-05  as  a  member  of 
the  fifty-seventh  and  fifty-eighth  congresses  from  Missouri  as  a 
democrat,  declining  the  nomination  for  a  third  term.  He  still 
practices  his  profession  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Butler,  Joseph,  farmer,  educator,  lawyer,  public  official,  was 
born  July  24,  1846,  at  Lake  Gage,  Steuben  county,  Ind.,  on  the 
farm  purchased  by  his  father  from  the  government  in  1836 ;  and 
of  which  he  is  now  the  owner.  He  attended  Orland  seminary; 
and  he  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  Bloomington,  111.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  school  teacher.  In  1875-79  he  was  clerk 
of  Steuben  circuit  court;  and  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Orland, 
Ind.  In  1891-95  he  was  state  prosecuting  attorney  for  Steuben 
and  DeKalb  counties. 

Butler,  Julius  Wales,  merchant,  manufacturer,  was  born  May 
7,  1828,  in  Essex,  Vt.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  England;  and  graduated  from  the  Hinesburg  academy  of 
Chittenden  county,  Vt.  He  is  president  of  the  J.  W.  Butler 
paper  company  of  Chicago,  111.,  wholesale  dealers  in  paper.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  identified  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  Chicago,  111.;  is  a  director  in  various  paper  mills  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  77 

other  corporations;  and  has  filled  several  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  His  country  residence  is  in  Hinsdale,  111. 

Butler,  William  N.,  judge  circuit  court  of  Illinois,  was  born 
Aug.  16,  1856,  in  Berlin,  Wis.  He  is  educated  at  the  University 
of  Illinois;  attended  the  Union  college  of  law  at  Chicago,  111., 
and  the  Albany  law  school  of  New  York.  He  soon  attained  suc 
cess  at  the  bar;  has  been  states  attorney  and  corporation  counsel 
for  the  city  of  Cairo,  111.  He  is  judge  of  the  first  judicial  cir 
cuit  of  Illonis  for  the  counties  of  Alexander,  Pulaski,  Massac, 
Pope,  Johnson,  Union,  Jackson,  Williamson  and  Saline;  and  re 
sides  in  Cairo,  111. 

Butts,  Edward,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1853, 
in  Rensselaer  county,  N.Y.  His  father,  Anson  Butts,  was  a  noted 
civil  engineer ;  and  Edward  learned  surveying  in  his  boyhood.  For 
two  terms  he  was  assistant  engineer,  and  for  two  terms  was  the 
city  engineer  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  For  eight  years  he  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  Metropolitan  street  railway  company;  for  the 
past  thirty-five  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  surveying  and  rail 
way  engineering;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  is  the  author  of  Civil  Engineers '  Field  Book ;  and  has 
contributed  valuable  articles  on  engineering  subjects  to  current 
publications. 

Buxton,  W.  Albert,  educator,  clergyman,  college  president, 
author,  poet,  was  born  June  16,  1861,  in  Londonderry,  Vt.  He 
was  educated  at  West  River  academy,  Londonderry  academy, 
Leland  and  Gray  seminary,  Colby  university,  Brown  university, 
Harvard  university,  and  at  Bonn  and  Heidelberg  universities  of 
Germany.  He  has  been  a  teacher  of  church  history  in  the  Drake 
university  of  Iowa.  He  was  president  of  the  Northwestern  Chris 
tian  college  of  Minnesota ;  president  and  chancellor  of  the  Texas 
Christian  university;  and  president  of  the  Nebraska  Christian 
ministerial  association.  He  is  now  chancellor  of  Add-Ran  univer 
sity  of  Waco,  Texas;  and  president  of  the  Nebraska  ministerial 
association.  He  is  the  author  of  Just  for  Those  That  Love  Me,  a 
volume  of  poems. 

Byrne,  Austin  Thomas,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  on 
Sept.  8,  1859,  in  Belfast,  Maine.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  New  England;  and 
studied  civil  engineering  in  the  technical  schools.  Since  1876  he 
has  been  engaged  as  a  civil  engineer;  has  been  connected  with 
numerous  important  civil  engineering  works  in  various  parts  of 
the  United  States;  and  resides  in  Baldwin,  N.Y.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Highway  Construction;  Inspection  of  Materials  and  Work 
manship. 


78  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Byrum,  Enoch  Edwin,  clergyman,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Oct.  13,  1861,  in  Randolph  county,  Ind.  He  is  editor  of  the 
Gospel  Trumpet  and  Shining  Light.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Secret  of  Salvation;  Divine  Healing;  Boy's  Companion;  and  other 
works. 

Cable,  George  Washington,  soldier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12, 
1844,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  a  writer  of  fiction  who  has  re 
produced  with  much  success  the  life  and  dialect  among  the 
Creoles  of  Louisiana.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army  dur 
ing  the  civil  war;  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Northampton,  Mass. 
He  is  the  author  of  Old  Creole  Days ;  also  The  Grandissimes ;  Mad 
ame  Delphine;  and  Dr.  Seviere;  John  March,  Southerner;  Bona- 
venture ;  Strange  True  Stories  of  Louisiana ;  The  Creoles  of  Louis 
iana;  The  Silent  South;  The  Busy  Man's  Bible;  The  Negro  Ques 
tion;  Strong  Hearts;  The  Cavalier;  and  other  works. 

Cady,  A.  E.,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1853,  in  Watertown, 
Wis.  He  is  a  wholesale  grocer  and  successful  banker ;  and  in  1896 
was  the  republican  candidate  for  congress.  In  1889  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Nebraska  house  of  representatives;  and  in  1892 
was  chairman  of  the  republican  state  committee.  In  1905  he  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  state  senate ;  and  resides  in  St. 
Paul,  Neb. 

Cahill,  Edward  J.,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1870, 
in  Covington,  Ky.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Carson  City,  Nevada;  and  then  under 
private  tuition.  He  began  his  career  as  a  brakeman  on  a  local 
railroad;  and  attained  the  position  of  railroad  agent.  He  then 
read  law;  and  since  1899  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
that  profession.  He  is  one  of  the  prominent  speakers  in  his  state ; 
and  a  possible  candidate  for  congress  in  1908.  He  is  now  district 
attorney  for  Storey  county,  Nevada. 

Cain,  William,  mathematician,  author,  was  born  May  14,  1847, 
in  Hillsboro,  N.C.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  for  about  eight  years ; 
professor  of  mathematics  and  engineering  Carolina  military  in 
stitute  ;  and  now  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  university  of 
North  Carolina.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Theory  of  Voussoir. 
Arches;  Solid  and  Braced  Arches;  Maximum  Stress  in  Framed 
Bridges;  Symbolic  Algebra;  Practical  Designing  of  Retaining 
Walls;  Theory  of  Steel-Concrete  Arches  and  of  Vaulted  Struc 
tures;  and  A  Brief  Course  in  the  Calculus. 

Camp,  David  Nelson,  educator,  banker,  was  born  Oct.  3,  1820, 
in  Durham,  Conn.  He  received  his  education  in  the  Durham  and 
the  Meriden  academies,  and  at  Hartford  Grammar  schools.  He 
has  served  as  state  superintendent  of  schools;  was  professor  in 
St.  John's  college;  and  he  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  fore- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  79 

most  educators  of  the  New  England  states.  He  has  filled  nu 
merous  positions  of  honor  in  his  city,  county  and  state ;  has  been 
mayor  of  New  Britain;  is  auditor  of  the  national  council  and  of 
the  Missionary  society  of  Connecticut  since  1882.  For  many 
years  he  has  retired  from  active  work,  but  holds  the  position  of 
vice-president  of  the  National  bank  of  New  Britain,  Conn.  He 
is  also  director  and  president  of  the  Adkins  printing  company  and 
Skinner  check  company;  and  other  corporations. 

Campbell,  Archibald,  soldier,  was  born  July  16,  1865,  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Stevens  institute  of  technology 
at  the  United  States  military  academy  and  at  the  United  States 
artillery  school.  He  served  in  the  Spanish-American  war  in  Cuba 
and  Porto  Rico;  served  in  China  during  the  boxer  uprising;  and 
served  in  the  Philippines  during  the  Philippine  insurrection. 
Since  1901  he  has  been  captain  and  a  major  in  the  artillery  corps 
of  the  United  States  army;  and  is  now  stationed  at  Fort  Totten, 
N.Y. 

Campbell,  John  D.,  physician,  statesman,  wras  born  July  9, 
1853,  in  Hartland,  Livingston  county,  Mich.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education ;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of  Michigan. 
He  has  always  been  an  active  practitioner  of  medicine ;  he  has  a 
successful  practice  in  Pioche,  Nev. ;  he  is  a  member  of  the  lead 
ing  medical  and  scientific  associations ;  and  has  held  many  im 
portant  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  served  one  term  as 
grand  master  of  the  odd  fellows  for  his  jurisdiction;  and  for 
many  years  has  been  a  member  of  the  republican  state  central 
committee  and  also  of  the  county  central  committee.  In  1905-09 
he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  Nevada. 

Campbell,  John  Peter  Grant,  educator,  journalist,  publisher, 
was  born  Dec.  19,  1844,  near  Raleigh,  Miss.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education;  and  for  many  years  was  a  school  teacher.  He 
served  four  years  in  the  confederate  army;  and  participated  in 
numerous  battles  and  skirmishes.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
board  of  supervisors ;  was  school  book  commissioner ;  served  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace;  and  was  mayor  of  Mize,  Miss.  He  is  now 
town  clerk  and  superintendent  of  the  Mize  separate  public  school 
district  of  the  state  of  Mississippi.  He  is  also  editor  and  pro 
prietor  of  the  Mize  Outlook;  and  prominently  identified  with  the 
religious,  fraternal,  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  commu 
nity.  His  grandfather,  John  Campbell,  was  born  and  educated  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland;  in  1790  settled  in  North  Carolina;  and  in 
1820  moved  to  Mississippi. 

Campbell,  Thomas  Joseph,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
April  29,  1848,  in  New  York  City.  In  1885  he  was  appointed 
rector  of  St.  John's  college;  and  in  1886  was  chosen  the  thir 
teenth  president  of  St.  John 's  college  of  Fordham,  N.Y. 


80  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Candler,  Warren  Akin,  educator,  clergyman,  college  presi 
dent,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1857,  in  Carroll  county, 
Ga.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state, 
and  graduated  from  Emory  college.  In  1886  he  was  duly  elected 
assistant  editor  of  the  Nashville  Christian  advocate ;  and  in  1888- 
98  was  president  of  Emory  college.  Since  1898  he  has  been  bishop 
of  the  methodist  episcopal  church  south.  He  is  the  author  of 
History  of  Sunday  Schools;  Georgia's  Educational  Work;  and  also 
several  other  religious  and  educational  works. 

Cannon,  George  Lyman,  educator,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
March  10,  1860,  in  New  York  City.  He  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Colorado.  In  1882-87  he  was  the  manager  of  the  Colo 
rado  chemical  works ;  in  1888-89  he  was  assistant  geologist  United 
States  geological  survey;  and  since  1887  has  been  instructor  in 
geology  and  biology  at  the  Denver  high  school.  He  has  dis 
covered  many  species  of  extinct  vertebrates.  He  is  the  author  of 
Geology  of  Denver;  Quaternary  of  the  Platte  Valley;  Colorado 
Nature  Studies;  and  other  works. 

Cappeller,  William  S.,  of  Mansfield,  Ohio,  was  born  Feb.  23, 
1839,  in  Somerest,  Pa.  During  1877-83  he  was  county  auditor 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  commissioner  of  railroads  and  telegraphs 
of  Ohio  in  1887-89.  He  was  grand  master  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows  of  Ohio  in  1879-80 ;  and  in  1885  he  estab 
lished  The  Daily  News  of  Mansfield,  which  is  now  one  of  the  lead 
ing  newspapers  of  Ohio.  In  1895-99  he  served  as  president  of 
the  national  editorial  association.  In  1886,  1887  and  1888  he  was 
chairman  of  the  republican  state  committee  of  Ohio;  and  con 
ducted  the  campaigns  during  that  time.  In  1902-06  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Mansfield  chamber  of  commerce.  He  is  the  president 
and  general  manager  of  the  News  Printing  company  of  Mansfield, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  postmaster  of  the  city  of  Mansfield,  and  is  now 
serving  his  second  term  of  1906-10 ;  and  resides  in  Mansfield,  Ohio. 

Carey,  Joseph  Maull,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  July  19,  1845,  in  Milton,  Del.  He  attended 
Union  college  of  Schenectady,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1867  he  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  as  United  States  district  attorney  for 
the  territory  of  Wyoming;  and  in  1872-76  was  an  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wyoming.  In  1885  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Wyoming  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first 
congresses.  In  1876  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  United 
States  centennial  commission.  He  was  among  the  first  to  be 
come  interested  in  the  great  industry  of  cattle-raising  on  the 
plains ;  and  for  many  years  was  president  of  the  Wyoming  stock- 
growers  association.  He  was  mayor  of  Cheyenne  ii\ 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  81 

and  was  instrumental  in  having  Wyoming  admitted  to  the  union 
as  a  state.  In  1889-95  he  was  United  States  senator. 

Carpenter,  James  Given,  physician,  surgeon,  founder,  author, 
was  born  on  Aug.  24,  1854,  near  Hustonville,  Ky.  In  1871  he 
taught  school ;  and  since  1875  has  practiced  medicine  and  surgery. 
In  1892  he  was  president  of  the  Central  Kentucky  medical  so 
ciety  ;  and  in  1889  was  a  'delegate  to  the  American  medical  asso 
ciation,  of  which  he  is  a  permanent  member.  He  is  the  founder 
and  now  president  of  the  Southeastern  Kentucky  medical  society ; 
in  1887-91  was  councilman  of  Stanford,  Ky. ;  and  in  1892-98  was 
United  States  examining  surgeon  for  pensions.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  The  Ideal  Doctor ;  and  a  score  of  Monographs  on  medical 
and  surgical  subjects. 

Carlisle,  James  Henry,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  May  4,  1825,  in  Winnsboro,  S.C.  He  was  educated  at  Mount 
Zion  of  Winnsboro ;  and  at  Camden,  S.C. ;  in  1844  graduated  from 
the  South  Carolina  college ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M. 
and  LL.D.  In  1854-1905  he  was  professor  of  mathematics  at 
Wofford  college  of  Spartanburg,  S.C. ;  in  1875-1903  was  president 
of  that  institution;  and  since  1903  has  been  emeritus  president. 
He  is  the  editor  of  Lives  of  Ascham  and  Arnold ;  and  The  Young 
Astronomer. 

Carpenter,  Francis  M.,  state  senator  of  New  York,  was  born 
July  10,  1834,  in  New  Castle,  Westchester  county,  N.Y.  He  was 
educated  in  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  attended  the 
Union  academy  of  Bedford,  N.Y.  For  thirty-two  years  he  was 
supervisor  of  the  town  of  New  Castle,  Westchester  county,  N.Y. ; 
and  for  six  years  was  county  treasurer.  He  is  vice-president  of 
the  Mt.  Kisco  national  bank;  vice-president  of  the  Westchester 
trust  company;  director  of  the  White  Plains  national  bank;  and 
is  now  actively  engaged  as  vice-president  and  treasurer  of  the 
Westchester  and  Bronx  title  mortgage  company  of  White  Plains, 
N.Y.  From  1903  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  senate 
for  the  twenty-second  district,  retiring  in  1909;  and  resides  in 
Mt.  Kisco,  N.Y. 

Carpenter,  Ford  Ashman,  meteorologist,  scientist,  was  born 
March  25,  1868,  in  Chicago,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  Chi 
cago  public  schools;  at  the  Hayes  high  school;  and  at  Dilworth 
academy.  In  1880-90  he  served  as  assistant  observer  in  the  signal 
corps  of  the  United  States  army  at  Portland,  Ore. ;  and  in  1891 
at  San  Francisco,  Cal.  In  1892-96  he  was  observer  of  the  United 
States  weather  bureau  at  Carson  City,  Nev. ;  and  since  1906  at 
San  Diego,  Cal.  In  1892-1906  was  director  of  the  Nevada  state 
weather  service ;  and  since  1901  has  been  lecturer  on  meteorology 
at  the  San  Diego  state  normal  school.  He  was  a  member  of  the 


82  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

international  congress  of  arts  and  sciences  at  St.  Louis  in  1904. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement 
of  science;  a  member  of  the  national  geographical  society;  and 
president  of  the  San  Diego  photographic  society.  Since  1904  he 
has  been  director  of  the  San  Diego  chamber  of  commerce ;  and  its 
treasurer  since  1907.  In  1909  he  was  appointed  by  California 
and  served  as  San  Diego  county  climatological  commissioner  at 
the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacific  exposition  at  Seattle,  Wash. 

Carr,  Julian  Shakespeare,  manufacturer,  banker,  philanthrop 
ist,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1845,  in  Chapel  Hill,  N.C.  He  received  a 
through  education;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of  North 
Carolina,  of  which  institution  he  is  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  board  of  trustees.  He  is  president  and  owner  of 
the  Durban  hosiery  mills,  the  largest  manufacturer  of  hosiery  in 
the  south.  He  was  the  originator  and  for  many  years  president 
of  the  Golden  Belt  manufacturing  company;  and  was  for  twenty- 
five  years  president  of  the  Blackwell's  Durham  tobacco  company. 
He  is  president  of  the  First  national  bank  of  Durham;  president 
of  the  Edgemont  land  company ;  and  vice-president  of  the  Durham 
tract  company.  He  has  been  a  delegate  from  North  Carolina 
state  at  large  to  five  democratic  national  conventions.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Ecumenical  conference  of  methodisms  of  the 
world  held  in  London;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Robert  Raikes 
centennial.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army  in  Barringer's 
brigade,  Hampton's  corps,  in  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia.  He 
is  major-general  commanding  the  North  Carolina  division  of  Con 
federate  veterans;  and  resides  in  Durham,  N.  C. 

Carrington,  Hereward  H.  L.,  scientist,  author,  was  born  in 
1880  in  England.  He  was  educated  in  the  scientific  schools  of 
London  and  Kent,  England;  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1899.  For  a  while  he  was  editor  of  Street  and  Smith's  novels. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  institute  for  scientific  research ; 
and  a  member  of  the  society  for  psychical  research  of  London. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Physical  Phenomena  of  Spiritualism; 
Vitality ;  Fasting  and  Nutrition ;  and  The  Coming  Science.  He  is 
also  a  contributor  to  journals  on  scientific  and  psychical  subjects. 

Carroll,  Benajah  Harvey,  clergyman,  theologian,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  27,  1843,  near  Carrollton,  Miss.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  Arkansas  and  Texas;  and  graduated  from  Baylor  uni 
versity  of  Waco,  Texas;  from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degrees  of  A.M.,  D.D.  and  LL.D.  For  nearly  thirty  years  he  has 
been  pastor  of  the  first  baptist  church  of  Waco,  Texas;  and  has 
been  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Texas  baptist  education  com 
mission.  He  has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Baylor 
university;  and  is  now  dean  of  department  of  theology  in  that 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  83 

institution.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  sermons  and  sev 
eral  small  books. 

Carson,  Howard  Adams,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
28,  1842,  in  Westfield,  Mass.  In  1869  he  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  B.S.  from  the  Massachusetts  institute  of  technology;  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Harvard  university.  In  1873 
he  was  in  charge  of  sewerage  construction  in  Providence,  R.I. ; 
and  in  1878  was  principal  superintendent  of  construction  of  the 
Boston  main  drainage.  In  1887  he  designed  and  later  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  Charles  river  valley  sewerage  systems  for  Massa 
chusetts,  a  combined  system  for  about  twenty  cities  and  towns. 
Since  1894  he  has  been  chief  engineer  of  the  Boston  trustee  com 
missioners,  building  the  Boston  subway,  the  east  Boston  tunnel 
and  the  Washington  street  tunnel.  He  is  the  author  of  Annual 
Reports,  as  chief  engineer  of  the  metropolitan  sewerage;  and  of 
various  other  engineering  reports. 

Carter,  Thomas  Henry,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1854,  in  Scioto  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
engaged  in  farming,  railroading,  and  school  teaching  for  a  num 
ber  of  years;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1882 
he  removed  from  Burlington,  Iowa,  to  Helena,  Montana;  and  in 
1889-91  he  was  a  representative  from  Montana  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican ;  and  upon  the  admission  of  the  state 
was  elected  its  first  representative  in  congress.  He  was  com 
missioner  of  the  general  land  office  in  1891-92 ;  and  in  1895-1901 
and  1905-11  he  was  United  States  senator.  In  1896  and  1900  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention. 

Cartwright,  Samuel  Gray,  trustee  asylum  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb  of  New  Mexico,  was  born  June  11,  1869,  in  Kossuth,  Des 
Moines  county,  Iowa.  In  1892  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
Ph.B.  from  the  state  university  of  Iowa;  took  a  six  months'  course 
in  Elliott's  business  college  of  Burlington,  Iowa;  and  a  year's 
course  in  the  law  school  of  the  state  university  of  Iowa.  For 
two  terms  he  was  city  treasurer  of  Santa  Fe,  N.M. ;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  capitol  rebuilding  board  of  New  Mexico  which 
rebuilt  the  capitol.  He  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  whole 
sale  grocery  firm  of  H.  B.  Cartwright  and  brother  of  Santa  Fe, 
N.M.  He  is  a  trustee  and  secretary-treasurer  of  the  asylum  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb  of  New  Mexico ;  and  resides  in  Santa  Fe,  N.M. 

Cary,  Richard  Miles,  merchant,  banker,  was  born  May  19, 
1861,  in  Isle  of  Wight  county,  Va.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  under  the  guidance  of  his  father,  Professor  R.  M.  Cary. 
He  is  a  successful  business  man  of  Pensacola,  Fla. ;  president  of 
Cary  and  company,  coal  merchants ;  vice-president  of  the  People 's 
bank  of  Pensacola;  and  secretary  of  the  Pensacola  home  and 


84  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

savings  association.  He  has  been  cashier  and  paymaster  of  the 
Pensacola  and  Alabama  and  Tennessee  railroad  company;  and 
auditor  and  secretary  of  the  corporation.  He  is  colonel  and  in 
spector-general  on  the  staff  of  the  Florida  national  guard. 

Case,  Charles  Clinton,  conductor,  Chautauqua  assemblies,  was 
born  June  6,  1843,  in  Lines  ville,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Gustavus  academy  of  Ohio;  and  received  his  musical  education 
in  the  normal  music  schools  of  Chicago,  Ohio,  and  Indiana.  He 
has  been  a  conductor  of  music  in  churches  in  Chicago  and  various 
cities;  and  is  now  a  successful  choir  conductor  in  Chautauqua 
assembly  work.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Harvest  of  Song ;  Church 
Anthems;  Our  Song  World;  Uplifting  Songs;  Choice  Songs;  and 
other  works.  His  home  is  in  Gustavus,  Ohio. 

Case,  Leslie  Verne,  educator,  lecturer,  scientist,  was  born  Oct. 
1,  1876,  in  Cohocton,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Atlanta  high 
school,  at  Naples  academy,  at  the  Geneseo  normal,  and  at  the 
New  York  Columbia  universities.  He  is  superintendent  of  the 
Tarrytown  schools  of  New  York;  lecturer  on  science  in  the  state 
school  for  teachers  at  Cliff  Haven,  N.Y. ;  and  chairman  of  the 
physics  section  of  the  New  York  state  science  association.  He 
discovered  mineral  crytolite  in  Westchester  county,  N.Y.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  national  geographical  society,  the  chemistry 
club  and  also  of  the  physics  club  of  New  York  City.  He  is  gen- 
eralissmo  of  Westerchester  commandery,  number  forty-two ;  and  is 
first  lieutenant  of  the  Knights  templar  battalion  of  New  York 
City. 

Cassel,  Henry  Burd,  United  States  congressman  from  Penn 
sylvania,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1855,  in  Marietta,  Pa.  He  finished 
his  education  at  the  Columbia  classical  institute.  In  1896  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  national  republican  convention.  In  1898-1902 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature.  He  is 
a  wholesale  and  retail  lumber  dealer;  and  director  and  stock 
holder  in  various  corporations.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
seventh  to  fill  a  vacancy  and  elected  to  the  fifty-eighth  and  fifty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress  from  the  ninth  district  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of 
1907-09 ;  and  resides  in  Marietta,  Pa. 

Castle,  Henry  Anson,  lawyer,  journalist,  was  born  Aug.  22, 
1841,  in  Columbus,  111.  In  1862  he  graduated  from  the  McKendree 
college,  111.  He  then  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  seventy-third 
regiment  of  Illinois  volunteer  infantry.  He  was  made  sergeant- 
major  of  his  regiment;  was  severely  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Stone  River,  and  finally  discharged.  He  afterwards  raised  a 
company  for  the  one  hundred  and  seventh  regiment  Illinois  in 
fantry,  which  he  commanded  as  captain  during  his  term  of  serv- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  85 

ice.  For  ten  years  he  practiced  law  in  St.  Paul,  and  in  1876  was 
chosen  editor-in-chief  of  the  St.  Paul  Dispatch,  of  which  he  be 
came  owner.  In  1885  he  disposed  of  the  Dispatch.  In  1873  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  legislature;  and  during  1872-75 
was  commander  of  the  department  of  Minnesota,  G.  A.  E.  He 
was  postmaster  of  St.  Paul  from  1892  to  1896;  and  auditor  for 
the  post  office  department  at  Washington,  D.C.,  from  1897  to  1904. 
He  has  written  many  articles  on  postal  subjects  for  the  leading 
American  magazines. 

Caswell,  Lucien  B.,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Nov.  27,  1827,  in  Swanton,  Vt.  In  1855  he  was  district  at 
torney;  a  delegate  to  the  republican  convention  of  1868;  and  a 
member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature  in  1863,  in  1872  and  in 
1874.  In  1875-83  and  in  1885-91  he  was  a  representative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  forty-fourth,  to  the  forty-seventh  and  the  forty- 
ninth,  the  fiftieth  and  the  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican, 
and  was  on  several  important  committees.  He  resides  in  Atkinson, 
Wis. 

Chambers,  Henry  Edward,  educator,  author,  was  born  March 
28,  1860,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  Since  1902  he  has  been  professor 
of  English  and  elocution  in  the  New  Orleans  boys'  high  school. 
In  1902  he  was  president  of  the  Louisiana  state  Chautauqua.  He 
is  the  author  of  Twenty  Lessons  in  Bookkeeping;  A  Primary 
Speller;  A  School  History  of  the  United  States;  and  A  Higher 
History  of  the  United  States ;  Search  Questions  in  American  His 
tory  ;  Constitutional  History  of  Hawaii ;  and  other  works. 

Chandler,  William  Dwight,  newspaper  publisher,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1863,  in  Concord,  N.H.  In  1875-81  he  attended  Saint 
Paul's  school;  and  subsequently  spent  nearly  two  years  in  Europe 
to  complete  his  education.  Until  1892  he  was  assistant  cashier 
of  the  First  national  bank  of  Winona,  Minn. ;  and  since  then 
has  been  publisher  of  the  Concord  Evening  Monitor  and  of  the 
Independent  Statesman  of  Concord,  N.H.  He  is  chairman  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  library.  He  is  a 
prominent  Mason;  and  a  member  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 

Chandler,  William  Eaton,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Dec.  28,  1835,  in  Concord,  N.H.  In  1862-64  he  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of  representatives;  and 
he  served  as  its  speaker  during  the  last  two  years.  In  1865  he 
became  the  solicitor  and  judge  advocate  general  of  the  navy  de 
partment;  and  was  subsequently  appointed  first  assistant  sec 
retary  of  the  treasury.  In  1881  he  was  again  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  state  legislature;  and  in  1882-85  was  secretary 
of  the  navy.  In  1887-1901  he  was  United  States  senator.  He 


86  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

resides  in  Concord,  N.H. ;  and  his  portrait  hangs  in  the  Library 
building  of  the  state  capitol. 

Chanute,  Octave,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1832, 
in  Paris,  France.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  New  York  City ;  studied  under  special  tutors ;  and  sub 
sequently  received  the  degree  of  Dr.  of  engineering  from  the 
university  of  Illinois.  He  has  been  engineer  on  various  railroads ; 
and  has  been  engaged  as  engineer  on  the  construction  of  various 
bridges  in  different  parts  of  the  United  States.  He  is  proficient 
on  wood  preservation;  is  also  proficient  on  aerial  navigation;  is 
a  well-known  consulting  engineer  of  Chicago,  111. ;  and  since 
1893  has  been  president  of  the  Chicago  tie  preserving  company. 
In  1901  he  was  president  of  the  Western  society  of  engineers ;  and 
is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of 
science.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Kansas  City  Bridge;  Progress 
in  Flying  Machines;  and  various  Monographs  and  articles  on 
engineering  subjects. 

Chapman,  Ervin  S.,  clergyman,  reformer,  author,  was  born 
June  23,  1838,  in  Defiance,  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  under  private  tuition;  and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.M.,  D.D.  and  LL.D.  In  1864-69  he  was  committee 
clerk  in  the  United  States  house  of  representatives  at  Washington, 
D.C.  In  1870-98  he  was  a  pastor  in  Ohio,  Wyoming  and  Cali 
fornia  ;  since  1898  has  been  superintendent  of  the  California  anti- 
saloon  league ;  and  he  is  editor  of  the  Searchlight,  its  official  organ. 
He  is  the  originator  of  the  stainless  flag  movement.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  entitled  The  Stainless  Flag. 

Chapman,  J.  Wilbur,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  June  17, 
1859,  in  Richmond,  Ind.  He  was  educated  at  Oberlin  college 
of  Ohio ;  and  in  1879  graduated  from  Lake  Forest  university  of 
Illinois.  He  was  theologically  educated  at  the  Lane  seminary  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  the  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  the  university  of  Wooster.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Indiana, 
Ohio  and  New  York,  and  in  the  cities  of  Albany,  Philadelphia  and 
New  York  City.  Much  of  his  ministry  has  been  along  evangelistic 
lines ;  and  he  was  an  intimate  associate  of  D.  L.  Moody,  the  noted 
evangelist.  He  is  corresponding  secretary  of  the  general 
assembly's  committee  on  evangelistic  work;  is  one  of  the  di 
rectors  of  the  Winona  assembly  and  summer  school ;  and  director 
of  the  international  bible  conference.  He  is  the  author  of  And 
Peter;  also  Kadesha-Barnea ;  The  Lost  Crown;  The  Secret  of  A 
Happy  Day;  Present  Day  Parables;  and  Fishing  For  Men. 

Chappie,  Joseph  Mitchell,  journalist,  publisher,  author,  was 
born  July  18, 1867,  in  La  Porte  City,  Iowa.  In  1897  he  took  charge 
of  the  Bostonian,  afterwards  changed  to  the  Nation  magazine; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  87 

and  now  edits  the  National  Magazine  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Minor  Chord ;  and  Boss  Burt,  Politician. 

Charlton,  Walter  Glasco,  lawyer,  was  born  June  5,  1851,  in 
Savannah,  Ga.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Rock  academy; 
attended  the  Pen-Lucy  school  of  Baltimore  county,  Md. ;  and 
studied  in  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  an  able  lawyer  of  Savannah,  Ga. ;  and  has  served  as  alderman 
of  that  city  for  three  terms.  He  has  been  solicitor  of  the  eastern 
circuit  of  Georgia;  was  chairman  of  the  democratic  party  of 
Chatham  county  for  three  terms ;  was  chairman  of  the  democratic 
congressional  convention  of  the  first  district  in  1886 ;  and  was 
temporary  chairman  of  the  state  convention  in  1885. 

Childs,  Thomas  Spencer,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1825, 
in  Springfield,  Mass.  In  1847  he  graduated  from  the  university 
of  New  York;  in  1850  graduated  from  Princeton  theological 
seminary;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  D.D.  In 
1851-66  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  presbyterian  church  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  In  1871-79  was  professor  of  biblical  and  ecclesiastical 
history  at  Hartford  seminary ;  and  in  1882-90  filled  a  pastorate  in 
Washington,  D.C.  In  1890  he  became  a  protestant  episcopal 
clergyman ;  in  1879-1901  was  first  archdeacon  of  Washington ;  and 
since  1901  has  been  rector  of  the  church  of  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 
Since  1892  he  has  been  chaplain  of  the  sons  of  the  American  revo 
lution.  He  is  the  author  of  Justification ;  Hints  to  the  Christian ; 
The  Heritage  of  Peace;  The  Lost  Faith;  and  a  score  of  other 
works. 

Chipman,  Dewitt  C.,  lawyer,  legislator,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
21,  1824,  in  Middleboro,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Middle- 
bury  academy;  at  Bethany  academy;  and  at  the  National  law 
school  of  Balstop  Spa,  N.Y.  He  has  been  school  trustee  and  mayor 
of  Nobles ville,  Ind. ;  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state 
legislature.  He  has  been  prosecuting  attorney  for  Hamilton, 
Tipton,  Howard,  and  of  Madison,  Marion,  Johnson  and  Hancock 
counties.  He  has  been  collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the 
eleventh  district  of  Indiana;  and  was  receiver  of  commutation 
money  for  the  same  district.  He  has  also  attained  success  as  an 
attorney  at  law  and  patent  solicitor  of  Anderson,  Ind.  He  is  the 
author  of  Beyond  the  Verge ;  Halycon  Isle ;  and  Angels  Visit. 

Chisholm,  Hugh  J.,  manufacturer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
May  2,  1847,  in  Canada.  He  organized  the  Somerset  fibre  com 
pany,  manufacturers  of  wood-pulp  at  Fairfield,  Maine.  He  or 
ganized  and  is  president  of  the  Portland  and  Rumford  Falls  rail 
road;  and  is  also  president  of  the  Rumford  Falls  and  Langeley 
railroad. 


88  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Church,  Samuel  Harden,  railroad  manager,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  24,  1858,  in  Caldwell  county,  Mo.  His  family  have  been  resi 
dents  of  Pittsburg  since  1822 ;  and  here  he  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools.  He  received  the  degree 
of  Litt.D.  from  the  Western  university  of  Pennsylvania ;  the  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Bethany  college ;  and  also  received  same  degree  from 
Yale  university.  He  was  a  colonel  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Hoadly 
of  Ohio ;  and  was  presented  with  a  sword  for  his  conduct  in  hand 
ling  troops  for  the  suppression  of  the  riots  of  Cincinnati  in  1884. 
During  the  campaigns  of  1896,  1900  and  1904  he  was  a  republican 
speaker  in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and  Indiana.  He  was  superin 
tendent  of  transportation,  then  became  secretary  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  lines  west  of  Pittsburg.  He  is  an  eminent  historian; 
secretary  and  trustee  of  the  Carnegie  institute;  and  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Union  steel  casting  company.  He  is  the  author  of 
Oliver  Cromwell,  a  History;  John  Marmaduke;  Corporate  His 
tory  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Lines  West  of  Pittsburg,  in 
ten  volumes ;  Penruddocks  of  the  White  Lambs ;  and  several  plays. 

Churchill,  William,  manufacturer,  inventor,  was  born  Nov.  3, 
1876,  in  New  Britain,  Conn.  He  graduated  from  Yale  university 
with  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  Ph.  D. ;  and  was  a  student  at  Leipzig 
university  in  Germany.  In  1902-04  he  was  an  instructor  in  Yale 
college.  Since  1904  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  scientific  staff 
of  Corning  glass  works  of  New  York.  He  has  taken  out  eight 
United  States  patents  and  various  foreign  patents  relating  to 
signal  lenses  and  signal  glass.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  asso 
ciation  for  the  advancement  of  science ;  and  a  member  of  the  so 
ciety  of  chemical  industry.  He  is  the  author  of  papers  published 
in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Railway  signal  association. 

Chytraus,  Axel,  judge  superior  court  of  Cook  county,  Illinois, 
was  born  Sept.  15,  1859,  in  Sweden.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Sweden,  and  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Chicago,  111.  In  1898-1908  he  was  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  Cook  county ;  and  since  1908  has  been  presiding  justice  of  the 
Appellate  court  in  the  branch  court  of  the  first  district ;  and  re 
sides  in  Chicago,  111. 

Cilley,  Jonathan  Prince,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
Dec.  29,  1835,  in  Thomaston,  Maine.  He  attended  the  military 
academy  of  Pembroke,  N.H. ;  in  1854  he  graduated  from  the 
academy  at  New  Hampton,  N.H. ;  in  1858  from  Bowdoin  college ; 
and  has  since  attained  prominence  as  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Rock- 
land,  Maine.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  first  regiment 
of  the  Maine  cavalry,  and  became  captain,  major,  colonel,  and 
brevet  brigadier-general.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Maine 
state  legislature,  and  in  1876-78  was  adjutant-general  of  Maine. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  89 

He  is  the  author  of  a  genealogy  of  the  Cilley  family ;  The  Gamble 
Family;  and  The  Mount  Desert  Widow. 

Clare,  Israel  Smith,  historian,  was  born  near  Lancaster,  Pa., 
November  24,  1847.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
at  the  state  normal  school  at  Millersville,  Fa.  He  taught  school 
in  early  life.  He  early  engaged  in  literary  work  and  wrote  on  his 
torical  and  foreign  political  subjects  for  newspapers  and  maga 
zines.  Editor  of  Cram's  magazine,  of  Chicago,  1899-1901;  editor 
of  The  Rostrum  magazine,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1901-1902;  can 
didate  of  the  National  party  for  Congress  in  1878.  He  is  author 
of  Illustrated  Universal  History;  Complete  Historical  Compen 
dium  ;  Unrivaled  History  of  the  World,  5  vols. ;  History  of  the 
British-Boer  War;  Illustrated  History  of  All  Nations,  15  vols.; 
and  forty  historical  maps  in  Cram's  Ancient  and  Modern  Atlas 
of  the  World. 

Clark,  Charles  Amory,  soldier,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born 
Jan.  26,  1841,  in  Sangerville,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Foxcroft  academy.  Then  in  1856-61  he  was 
teaching  school.  He  was  the  first  man  to  volunteer  from  his 
county  in  the  civil  war;  he  was  successively  corporal,  sergeant  and 
second  lieutenant;  and  in  1862-64  served  as  first  lieutenant  and 
adjutant  in  the  sixth  Maine  regiment.  In  1864  he  was  com 
missioned  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volunteers; 
was  twice  brevetted  as  major  and  lieutenant-colonel ;  and  received 
the  congressional  medal  of  honor  for  bravery  at  Bank's  ford,  Va. 
In  1866-76  he  practiced  law  in  Webster  City,  Iowa ;  and  since  1876 
has  practiced  law  in  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  He  has  been  commander 
of  the  Loyal  legion  for  Iowa ;  and  in  1906-07  was  judge  advocate- 
general  grand  army  of  the  republic. 

Clark,  E.  M.,  state  representative  of  Oklahoma,  was  born  in 
1856  in  Huntsburg,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools;  attended  Farmington  academy  of 
Ohio;  and  the  Wesleyan  college  of  Bloomington,  Okla.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Pawnee,  Okla. ;  and  is  prominently  men 
tioned  at  this  time  for  governor  of  Oklahoma.  He  is  a  representa 
tive  from  Pawnee  and  Payne  county  to  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  the  state  of  Oklahoma  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Pawnee,  Okla. 

Clark,  George  Whitfield,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
15,  1831,  in  South  Orange,  N.J.  In  1853  he  graduated  from  Am- 
herst  college ;  in  1855  graduated  from  Rochester  theological  semi 
nary  ;  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  that  in 
stitution.  He  has  been  pastor  of  baptist  churches  in  New  Market 
and  Elizabeth,  N.J. ;  in  Balliston,  N.Y.  and  in  Somerville,  N.J. 
Ever  since  1880  he  has  been  with  the  missionary  department  of 


90  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  American  baptist  publications  society.  For  many  years  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  exegetical  studies.  He  is  the  author  of 
Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels  in  English,  on  Matthew,  Mark,  Luke, 
and  John ;  Romans  and  Corinthians ;  Galatians  to  Philamon ;  Har 
monic  Arrangement  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles;  Brief  Notes  on 
the  New  Testament;  History  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in 
Elizabeth,  N.J.  The  Mighty  Worker ;  and  other  works. 

Clarke,  Augustus  Peck,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  24, 
1833,  in  Pawtucket,  R.I.  In  1856  he  entered  Brown  university, 
and  in  1861  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution; 
and  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Harvard  university  in  1862.  He 
served  during  the  civil  war  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
surgeon ;  and  in  1864  to  surgeon-in-chief ;  and  was  brevetted  lieu 
tenant-colonel  and  also  colonel  for  meritorious  conduct  during 
his  term  of  service.  In  1865  he  traveled  abroad  and  attended  the 
various  medical  schools  and  hospitals  in  London,  Paris  and  Leipzig. 
In  1886  he  moved  to  Cambridge,  Mass.;  and  soon  established  a 
high  reputation  as  a  practitioner.  He  has  been  dean  and  pro 
fessor  in  the  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Boston  since 
1893 ;  and  has  held  numerous  high  positions  of  honor  in  medical 
bodies  and  other  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  Clarke's  Kindred 
Genealogies;  and  Book  of  Poems. 

Clarke,  Charles  W.,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
Aug.  19,  1840,  in  Danville,  Vt.  He  served  nearly  five  years  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  in  the  Forty-second  Ohio  regiment,  and  was  com 
missioned  captain  of  volunteers.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  of  Mississippi;  has  been  judge  of  common 
pleas  and  probate  court;  for  twelve  years  was  district  attorney, 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  legislature.  He  is  a 
successful  lawyer;  the  manager  of  the  Bankers'  Life  Insurance 
company  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  in  1896  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  state  legislature ;  and  twice  returned  as  a  republican 
to  the  state  senate  of  Missouri,  resigning  in  1906  to  accept  the 
appointment  as  surveyor  of  Customs  at  the  Port  of  Kansas  City. 

Clarke,  Hugh  Archibald,  educator,  musician,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1839,  in  Canada.  He  was  educated  at  Knox  college ;  and 
in  1886  graduated  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  with  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  music.  Since  1860  he  has  been  a  resident  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  since  1875  has  been  professor  of  music 
in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Scratch 
Club;  Music  and  the  Comrade  Arts;  Highways  and  Byways  of 
Music ;  and  other  works. 

Clarke,  Thomas  Benedict,  artist,  founder,  was  born  Dec.  11, 
1848,  in  New  York  City.  He  was  educated  at  the  Mount  Washing 
ton  collegiate  institute  of  New  York  City.  He  is  an  art  col- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  91 

lector  and  connoisseur.  He  has  devoted  a  lifetime  to  the  col 
lection  of  works  of  art,  and  in  1899  sold  a  collection  of  works  of 
American  artists  for  two  hundred  and  thirty-five  thousand  dol 
lars.  In  1895-1903  he  was  president  of  the  New  York  school  of 
applied  design.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  competition  prize 
of  the  national  academy  of  design ;  and  formed  an  American  art 
collection  which  sold  in  1899  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  million 
dollars. 

Clarke,  Walter  B.,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  April  4,  1876, 
in  Nobleboro,  Maine.  In  1899  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
A.B.  from  Bowdoin  college ;  and  in  1903  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  from  Harvard  law  school.  Since  1903  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Portland,  Maine.  In  1890-1903  he  was  assistant  secretary 
of  the  Maine  state  senate.  In  1903-05  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  Maine  state  legislature ;  in  1905-07  was  executive  councilor ; 
and  since  1907  has  been  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 

Clarkson,  James  Sullivan,  journalist,  statesman,  was  born  on 
May  17,  1842,  in  Brookville,  Ind.  He  has  been  first  assistant 
postmaster  general;  and  chairman  of  republican  national  com 
mittee.  He  was  then  made  chairman  of  the  republican  state 
committee  when  but  twenty-four  years  of  age ;  and  when  twenty- 
five  was  offered  the  Swiss  mission  by  President  Grant.  In  1871- 
77  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  He  be 
gan  life  as  a  school  teacher;  learned  the  printing  business  and 
worked  on  the  Daily  State  Register  of  Des  Moines,  of  which  he 
became  foreman,  reporter,  night  editor,  city  editor  and  editor- 
in-chief.  This  publication,  with  his  brother  he  purchased  in  1870, 
which  he  has  made  the  leading  paper  of  Iowa.  He  is  president  of 
the  republican  league  of  the  United  States,  and  one  of  the  fore 
most  political  leaders  in  America. 

Clause,  William  Lewis,  manufacturer,  director,  president,  was 
born  Nov.  6,  1858,  in  Homer,  Medina  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Akron,  Ohio,  where  he  resided 
for  twenty  years.  Since  1899  he  has  been  president  of  the  Co 
lumbia  chemical  company;  and  is  also  president  of  the  Pittsburg 
plate  glass  company.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Owosso  sugar  com 
pany  of  Owosso,  Mich. ;  the  Michigan  chemical  company  of  Bay 
City,  Mich. ;  the  Patton  paint  company  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  the 
Goehring  manufacturing  company  of  Akron,  Ohio;  and  the  Pit- 
cairn  coal  company  and  the  West  Virginia  coal  company.  He  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  public  and  business  affairs  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  is  a  member  of  the  Allegheny  country  club ;  and 
a  member  of  the  Edgeworth  club  of  Sewickley,  Pa.,  where  he 
resides. 


92  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Clendenin,  W.  H.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1870,  in 
Alamance  county,  N.C.  He  was  educated  at  the  Thompson  school; 
and  at  the  university  of  North  Carolina.  He  has  been  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Rains  county,  Texas ;  and  judge  of  the  county  court. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  county  democratic  executive  committee; 
a  member  of  the  state  central  democratic  executive  committee; 
and  a  member  of  numerous  patriotic  and  fraternal  orders.  He 
is  now  county  judge  for  Rains  county,  Texas. 

Clews,  Henry,  manufacturer,  banker,  financier,  author,  was 
born  on  Aug.  14^  1840,  in  Staffordshire,  England.  He  was  par 
tially  educated  for  the  ministry;  but  left  school  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  years  to  enter  mercantile  life  in  New  York  City,  whither 
his  father  had  taken  him  on  a  business  trip,  his  father  being  an 
extensive  manufacturer  of  goods  for  the  American  market.  He 
at  once  took  a  position  in  a  large  importing  house  of  New  York 
City.  In  1857  he  became  a  member  of  a  banking  firm  of  Stout, 
Clews  and  Mason,  which  later  became  Livermore,  Clews  and  com 
pany.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was  invited  by  the 
secretary  of  the  treasury  to  become  an  agent  to  sell  govern 
ment  bonds.  In  1877  the  firm  of  Henry  Clews  and  company  was 
organized,  which  has  since  become  one  of  the  best  known  financial 
institutions  in  America.  For  many  years  he  was  treasurer  of  the 
American  geographical  society;  treasurer  of  the  society  for  the 
prevention  of  cruelty  to  animals;  and  is  connected  with  many 
city  institutions  and  financial  corporations.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  and  governors  of  the  Union  league;  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  various  other  clubs  and  societies.  He  is  the  author  of 
Thirty-Eight  Years  in  Wall  Street;  Fifty  Years  in  Wall  Street; 
The  Wall  Street  Point  of  View ;  and  other  works  and  contributions 
to  current  literature. 

Cobern,  Camden  M.,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  19, 
1855,  in  Uniontown,  Pa.  In  1876  he  graduated  from  Allegheny 
college  with  the  degree  of  A.M. ;  in  1883  graduated  from  the 
theological  school  of  Boston  university  with  the  degree  of  S.T.B. ; 
and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Grant  university  and  also 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Allegheny  college.  In  1889-90  he  studied 
in  England  and  Germany.  Since  1876  he  has  been  in  the  method- 
ist  episcopal  ministry ;  and  has  held  pastorates  in  the  Erie,  Detroit, 
Colorado  and  Rock  River  conferences.  In  1896  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  general  conference.  Since  1906  he  has  been  professor 
of  English  bible  and  philosophy  of  religion  at  Alleghany  college 
of  Meadville,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Ancient  Egypt  in  the  Light 
of  Modern  Discovery;  Critical  Commentary  on  the  Books  of 
Ezekiel  and  Daniel;  Star  and  the  Book;  Bible  Etchings  of  Im 
mortality  ;  and  other  works. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  93 

Coburn,  George  Francis,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  29, 
1841,  in  Brown  county,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  county;  and  commenced  life  as  a  school 
teacher,  and  he  taught  with  great  success  for  five  years.  He  then 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867;  and  has  since 
practiced  his  profession  in  Danville,  111.  In  1889  he  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace;  and  has  since  disposed  of  six  thousand 
cases.  He  had  always  taken  an  interest  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  county  and  state;  and  has  filled  many  important  offices  of 
honor  and  trust.  His  daughter,  Mrs.  Lena  0.  Dibble,  lives  in 
North  Stamford,  Conn. 

Cochran,  Archelaus  M.,  soldier,  farmer,  legislator,  was  born 
Sept.  25,  1839,  in  Columbia,  Tenn.  In  1859-60  he  attended  the 
medical  college  of  the  university  of  Louisiana.  In  1862  he  be 
came  a  captain  in  the  civil  war.  In  1866  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Texas  state  legislature ;  was  alderman  of  Dallas  in  1873 ;  and  post 
master  of  that  city  in  1879.  In  1881  he  was  chairman  of  the  re 
publican  state  executive  committee  for  Texas  and  in  1886  was  re 
publican  nominee  for  governor  of  Texas.  In  1890  he  was  com 
missioner  to  the  World's  Columbia  exposition  for  Texas;  and  in 
1894  was  mayor  of  Dallas ;  and  resides  in  Dallas,  Texas. 

Cochran,  J.  Henry,  state  senator  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born 
Jan.  14,  1845,  in  New  Brunswick,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  New  England  and  at  Calais,  Maine.  He  has 
been  a  successful  lumberman,  banker  and  railroad  official ;  and  for 
many  years  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  Williamsport,  Pa.  He  has  been  a  director  in 
several  business  corporations;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  Since  1894  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  senate ;  has  served  on  several  important  committees ; 
and  resides  in  Williamsport,  Pa. 

Cochran,  William  G.,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  13,  1844,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Illinois;  and  in  1879  began  the  practice  of  law. 
He  served  three  terms  as  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of  the 
Illinois  state  legislature ;  and  was  twice  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
has  been  department  commander  of  the  grand  army  of  the  re 
public  for  Illinois ;  and  in  1900  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  re 
publican  convention.  He  has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  the  Illinois  soldiers'  and  orphans'  home.  In  1897-1903  he 
served  as  judge  of  the  sixth  circuit  court  of  Illinois ;  and  is  now 
serving  his  second  term  of  1903-09  as  circuit  judge  of  Illinois. 

Coffeen,  Henry  A.,  educator,  labor  advocate,  congressman, 
scientist,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1841,  in  Gallia  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  in  Eureka  college  of  Illinois;  and  at  the  Butler  univer- 


94  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sity  of  Indiana.  In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  that  framed  the  present  constitution  of  the  new  state 
of  Wyoming;  and  in  1885  organized  at  Big  Horn  and  presided 
over  the  first  agricultural  fair  ever  held  in  the  state.  In  1893-95 
he  was  a  representative  from  Wyoming  to  the  fifty-third  congress 
as  a  democrat ;  and  while  in  congress  he  made  the  first  speech  in 
favor  of  the  reclamation  of  the  arid  lands  of  the  federal  govern 
ment  which  afterward  became  a  law.  He  gave  to  Sheridan  a 
library  of  some  three  thousand  volumes,  which  led  to  the  erection 
of  the  Carnegie  library  building  in  that  city.  He  led  the  way  for 
the  elimination  of  sectarian  bias  and  political  control  in  the  reor 
ganization  of  the  state  university  of  Wyoming ;  and  has  made  liter 
ary  and  scientific  research,  especially  along  the  lines  of  psychic 
science. 

Coignet,  Joseph  Alfred  Octave,  state  senator  of  Louisana,  was 
born  Sept.  28,  1878,  near  Thibodaux,  La.  He  received  a  thorough 
education;  graduated  with  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  from 
Spring  Hill  college  of  Mobile,  Ala. ;  and  finished  in  law  at  Tulane 
law  university  of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  has  attained  prominence 
as  a  successful  lawyer;  in  1898-1900  was  deputy-clerk  of  court  for 
Lafourche  county  parish,  La. ;  and  has  filled  various  other  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  state 
senate  for  the  tenth  district ;  is  the  youngest  member  of  the  present 
state  senate ;  and  resides  in  Thibodaux,  La. 

Colby,  Leonard  W.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Cherry  Valley, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  in  the  regular,  classical  and  law  courses  of 
the  university  of  Wisconsin.  He  has  served  two  terms  in  the 
state  senate  of  the  Nebraska  legislature,  has  been  assistant  attor 
ney  of  the  United  States;  and  is  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the 
ablest  lawyers  in  the  western  states.  He  served  in  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  had  commanded  of  a  company  in  the  Sioux  and  Chey 
enne  Indian  war  in  1863,  commanded  a  battalion  in  the  Indian 
campaign  of  1876-78 ;  was  colonel  in  command  of  the  regular  and 
state  troops  during  the  strike  in  Omaha  in  1882,  and  was  brigadier- 
general  in  command  of  the  Nebraska  military  forces  in  the  Sioux 
Indian  war  in  the  winter  of  1890-91.  He  has  served  in  the  in 
fantry,  cavalry  and  artillery,  and  in  every  military  capacity  from 
private  to  brigadier-general.  He  has  been  three  years  captain, 
six  years  colonel,  and  nine  years  brigadier-general.  Previous  to 
the  declaration  of  war  with  Spain,  General  Colby  organized,  armed 
and  equipped  the  Cuban-American  volunteer  legion  of  twenty-five 
thousand  men,  and  raised  one  million  dollars  for  the  establishment 
of  the  Cuban  republic.  In  1898  he  was  commissioned  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  and  served  in  the  south  and  Cuba ;  and  re 
sides  in  Beatrice,  Neb. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUKY  95 

Colcock,  Charles  Jones,  educator,  mathematician,  curator,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1852,  in  Beaufort  District,  S.C.  He  was  educated 
at  the  college  of  Charleston ;  and  at  union  college  of  Schenectady, 
N.Y.  He  has  been  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  at  union 
college ;  a  successful  planter ;  and  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  Charleston,  S.C.  He  is  now  instructor  of  science 
and  of  mathematics;  he  is  headmaster  of  the  Porter  military 
academy ;  and  a  curator  of  the  South  Carolina  historical  society. 

Cole,  Chester  Cicero,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  4,  1824,  in 
Oxford,  N.Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
public  schools,  and  compassed  the  full  course  of  studies  in  the 
Oxford  Academy,  an  institution  of  high  order,  established  in  1794. 
After  completing  a  thorough  course  in  the  Harvard  Law  school 
he  removed  to  Marion,  Crittenden  county,  Kentucky,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848,  where  he  soon  acquired  and  con 
ducted  a  large  and  successful  practice  until  in  May,  1857,  when  he 
removed  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  There  he  soon  won  a  reputation 
as  an  able  and  strong  lawyer.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,  and  was  twice  elected  to  that  high 
office.  In  1865  he  was  the  founder  of  a  law  school  in  Des  Moines, 
which  in  1868  was  removed  to  Iowa  City  and  made  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  state  university  of  Iowa,  with  which  he  continued  as 
a  teacher  for  ten  years.  In  1871  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  the  Iowa  College  of  Grinnell.  In  1875  he  re 
tired  from  the  state  university  and  established  the  Iowa  College 
of  Law  at  Des  Moines,  which,  in  1881,  became  the  law  department 
of  Drake  university.  He  was  dean  of  that  school  for  many  years, 
and  for  forty-two  years  taught  law  as  professor.  In  January,  1907, 
he  was  awarded  a  retiring  allowance  by  the  Carnegie  foundation 
in  aid  of  teaching.  He  is  the  author  of  an  edition  of  Iowa  Reports, 
and  for  sixteen  years  was  editor  of  The  Western  Jurist.  In  1876 
he  resigned  his  position  as  chief  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Iowa  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  the  practice  of  the  law,  which  he 
has  continued  with  great  success.  He  still  resides  in  Des  Moines, 
Iowa. 

Colerick,  Walpole  G.,  lawyer,  member  of  congress,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1845,  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city;  and  has  attained  success  as 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Indiana.  He  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  United 
States  in  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  in  1879-83. 
In  1883  he  became  one  of  the  supreme  court  commissioners  of  the 
state  of  Indiana,  and  served  until  the  expiration  of  the  commis 
sion  by  limitation  of  law  creating  the  court.  He  is  now  actively 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind, 


96  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Collins,  Gilbert,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1846,  in 
Stonington,  Conn.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools ;  and  he  was  prepared  by  David  Hart,  A.M.,  for 
the  Yale  college.  He  has  attained  success  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  the  east,  and  has  a  large  practice  in  Jersey  City,  N.J., 
of  which  he  was  mayor  in  1884-86.  In  1897-1904  he  was  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Jersey,  and  his  decisions 
have  shown  great  judicial  ability  and  learning. 

Combe,  Frederick  J.,  mayor  of  Brownsville,  Texas,  was  born 
March  4,  1867,  in  Matamoros,  Mexico.  He  was  educated  at  the 
university  of  Notre  Dame  of  Indiana ;  and  at  Tulane  university  of 
New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and  surgeon  of 
Brownsville,  Tex. ;  and  a  member  of  the  association  of  military 
surgeons  of  the  United  States.  In  1890-97  he  was  city  and  county 
physician  of  Brownsville,  Cameron  county,  Texas ;  and  in  1890-98 
acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  M.H.  service.  In  1899-1902  he  was 
major  and  surgeon  in  the  United  States  volunteers  during  the 
Spanish- American  war.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Brownsville  board 
of  trade ;  and  a  director  of  the  Brownsville  rice  milling  company. 
He  is  now  filling  the  office  of  mayor  of  the  city  of  Brownsville,  Tex. 

Combs,  Gilbert  Raynolds,  musician,  composer,  founder,  was 
born  Jan.  5,  1863,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  became  a  musician  and 
choirmaster  in  some  of  the  leading  Philadelphia  churches ;  became 
a  capable  orchestral  conductor ;  an  excellent  performer  on  stringed 
instruments.  In  1885  he  founded  the  Broad  street  conservatory 
of  music  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  of  which  he  is  director  and  pro 
prietor.  He  has  held  many  positions  and  offices  in  national,  state 
and  city  musical  associations;  and  is  past  president  of  Sinfonia; 
and  past  president  of  the  Crochet  club. 

Comfort,  Mrs.  Anna  Manning,  physician,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Jan.  19,  1845,  in  Trenton,  N.J.  In  1871  she  married  George 
F.  Comfort,  the  noted  educator  and  art  critic  of  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
She  graduated  in  1865  from  the  first  class  of  the  New  York  med 
ical  college  for  women;  and  was  the  first  woman  medical  grad 
uate  to  practice  in  the  state  of  Connecticut.  She  subsequently  be 
came  a  lecturer  in  the  New  York  medical  college  for  women ;  and 
is  a  specialist  in  gynecology  in  New  York  City  and  Syracuse.  She 
is  the  author  of  Woman 's  Education  and  Woman's  Health;  and 
articles  in  prose  and  poetry  contributed  to  American  literature. 

Comfort,  George  Fisk,  educator,  art  critic,  founder,  author, 
was  born  on  Sept.  20,  1833,  in  Berkshire,  N.Y.  In  1857  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Wesleyan  university;  in  1888  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  the  state  of  New  York  with  the  degree  of  L.H.D. : 
and  in  1893  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  Syracuse  uni- 
versitv  In  1860-65,  1879,  1887  and  1891  he  traveled  and  studied 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  97 

in  Europe.  In  1865-68  he  was  professor  of  esthetics  and  modern 
languages  and  literature  in  Allegheny  college  of  Meadville,  Pa. ; 
and  in  1868-74  was  lecturer  on  Christian  art  and  archaeology  in  the 
Drew  theological  seminary  of  Madison,  N.J.  In  1869-72  he  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Metropolitan  museum  of  art  of  New 
York  City ;  and  was  lecturer  there  in  1898.  In  1869  he  organized 
the  Philological  association ;  and  was  its  secretary  in  1869-74.  In 
1872  he  became  professor  of  esthetics  and  modern  languages  in 
Syracuse  university ;  in  1873  originated  and  organized  the  college 
of  fine  arts  in  that  institution;  and  was  its  dean  in  1873-93.  In 
1896  he  organized  the  Syracuse  museum  of  fine  arts,  of  which  he 
has  always  been  director.  In  1901  he  organized  the  Central  New 
York  society  of  artists.  He  is  the  author  of  Art  Museums  in 
America;  Modern  Languages  in  Education;  and  a  series  of  text 
books  on  the  study  of  the  German  Language  and  Literature. 

Commons,  John  Rogers,  educator,  author,  scientist,  was  born 
Oct.  13,  1852,  in  Darke  county,  Ohio.  He  has  been  a  professor  of 
sociology  at  Syracuse  university  since  1895 ;  and  is  also  professor  of 
department  of  trusts  and  transportation  of  the  bureau  of  economic 
research  in  New  York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Distribution 
of  Wealth ;  Social  Reform  and  the  Church ;  and  Proportional  Rep 
resentation. 

Comstock,  Solomon  G.,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  May  9,  1842,  in  Argyle,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  was  county  attor 
ney  for  Clay  county  in  1872-78 ;  was  a  representative  to  the  Minn 
esota  legislature  in  1875-81 ;  and  he  was  state  senator  in  1882-88, 
when  he  resigned.  In  1889-91  he  was  a  representative  from  Min 
nesota  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  several  important  committees  while  in  congress. 

Coney,  Patrick  Henry,  journalist,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was 
born  March  10,  1848,  in  Newbury,  Vt.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years 
he  became  a  member  of  the  companies  A  and  H  of  the  one  hundred 
and  eleventh  regiment,  New  York  volunteer  infantry ;  and  in  June 
of  the  latter  year  was  transferred  to  company  H,  fourth  regiment 
New  York  heavy  artillery,  serving  during  1863-65.  He  was 
wounded  in  front  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  on  June  16,  1864;  and  in 
October,  1864,  was  detailed  as  dispatch  bearer  for  General  Nelson 
A.  Miles.  In  1867  he  settled  in  Leavenworth;  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature;  and  subsequently  moved  to 
Topeka.  In  1880  he  established  the  National  Banner  at  Topeka, 
Kan. ;  and  became  associated  with  the  Topeka  Daily  Capital,  and 
in  1884  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  practices  his  profession  at 
Topeka ;  was  president  of  the  Republican  silver  league  of  the  state. 
During  the  World 's  Columbian  exposition  he  was  president  of  the 


98  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Lapland  Exhibit  company.  He  is  "vice-president  of  the  National 
Irish  historical  society. 

Connell,  William  J.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July  6, 
1846,  in  Canada.  He  received  an  academic  education;  spent  his 
boyhood  days  in  Massachusetts  and  Vermont  and  since  1867  has 
lived  in  Omaha,  Neb.  In  1870  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was 
elected  district  attorney  in  1872,  and  received  the  re-election  two 
years  later.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  city  attorney  of  Omaha, 
and  held  that  office  for  four  years.  In  1888  he  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-first  United  States  congress,  and  has  served  on  numerous  im 
portant  committees.  In  1890  he  was  defeated  for  congress  by 
William  J.  Bryan.  In  1892  he  was  re-appointed  city  attorney  of 
Omaha,  which  position  he  held  continuously  for  over  ten  years 
and  is  now  attorney  for  the  Omaha  street  railway  company  and 
various  other  corporations. 

Connor,  Leartus,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Jan.  29, 
1843,  in  Coldenham,  N.Y.  In  1865  he  graduated  from  Williams 
college  and  he  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that 
institution.  In  1870  he  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  med 
ical  department  of  Columbia  university  of  New  York  City.  Since 
1871  he  has  practiced  medicine  in  Detroit,  Mich. ;  and  since  1878 
has  devoted  his  practice  exclusively  to  ophthalmology  and  otology. 
In  1871-72  he  was  a  lecturer  on  chemistry ;  in  1872-79  was  profes 
sor  of  physiology  and  clinical  medicine,  and  in  1878-81  was  profes 
sor  of  didactic  and  clinical  ophthalmology  in  Detroit  medical  col 
lege.  In  1871-95  he  edited  a  medical  journal,  which  is  now  known 
as  tho  American  Lancet.  In  1888-89  he  was  president  of  the 
American  academy  of  medicine ;  and  in  1882-83  was  vice-president 
of  the  American  medical  association.  In  1890-91  he  was  chairman 
of  the  section  on  ophthalmology  in  the  American  medical  associa 
tion  ;  in  1883-89  and  1892-94  was  trustee  of  its  journal ;  and  in  1884 
was  president  of  the  American  medical  editors'  association.  In 
1877-78  and  in  1888-89  he  was  president  of  the  Detroit  academy  of 
medicine ;  in  1901-02  was  president  of  the  Michigan  state  medical 
society ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  is  the  author  of  How  We  Can  Obtain  and  Preserve  the  Eye 
sight  and  Hearing ;  and  other  works. 

Converse,  Charles  Crozat,  lawyer,  musical  composer,  author, 
was  born  in  1832  in  Warren,  Mass.  He  studied  law  and  music  in 
Leipzig,  Germany;  in  1861  graduated  from  the  Albany  law  school 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B. ;  and  subsequently  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Rutherford  college.  He  has  composed  Im 
Fruehling,  a  concert  Overture;  and  has  composed  an  American 
Overture  for  full  orchestra;  and  also  much  symphonic,  church 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  99 

and  other  music.  He  assisted  in  preparing  the  Standard  Dic 
tionary. 

Converse,  John  Heman,  manufacturer,  philanthropist,  was  born 
on  Dec.  2,  1840,  in  Burlington,  Vt.  In  1861  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Vermont;  and  for  three  years  was  connected 
with  the  editorial  staff  and  business  management  of  the  Burling 
ton  Daily  and  Weekly  Times.  In  1864-70  he  was  engaged  in  rail 
road  work  in  Chicago  and  elsewhere.  Since  1873  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Burnham,  Williams  and  company,  propri 
etors  of  the  Baldwin  locomotive  works  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is 
a  trustee  of  the  university  of  Vermont,  Girard  college  and  other 
institutions;  and  in  1900  was  vice-moderator  of  the  general  as 
sembly  of  the  presbyterian  church  of  the  United  States.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  national  relief  commission  during  the  Span 
ish-American  war;  president  of  the  manufacturers'  club  of  Phil 
adelphia;  president  of  the  sound  money  league  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  president  of  various  other  state  and  national  institutions. 
He  is  much  interested  in  educational  work ;  and  has  delivered  ad 
dresses  on  citizenship  and  technical  education,  on  the  twentieth 
century  university  and  kindred  subjects  at  the  university  of  Ver 
mont  and  other  institutions.  The  handsome  dormitory  building 
donated  by  him  in  1895  to  the  university  of  Vermont  has  been 
named  after  him ;  and  in  1899  he  founded  and  endowed  Converse 
hall,  the  department  of  economics  and  commerce  in  the  university 
of  Vermont.  He  is  a  direct  descendant  of  Edward  Converse, 
pioneer ;  and  his  father  was  the  Rev.  John  Kendrick  Converse. 

Cook,  John  Williston,  educator,  lecturer,  normal  school  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  April  20,  1844,  in  Oneida  county,  N.Y.  He 
graduated  from  the  Illinois  state  normal  university;  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  Knox  college;  and  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Blackburn  university  and  also  from  the  university  of 
Illinois.  In  1865-66  he  was  principal  of  the  public  schools;  in 
1866-90  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  Illinois  state  normal  university; 
in  1890-99  president  of  that  institution ;  and  since  1899  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Northern  Illinois  State  normal  school  at  De  Kalb. 
In  1880  he  was  president  of  Illinois  state  teachers'  association; 
and  in  1896  was  president  of  the  national  educational  association. 
Since  1870  he  has  been  a  lecturer  on  educational  subjects.  He  is 
part  author  of  Normal  Series  of  Arithmetics. 

Cooley,  James  Seth,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  June  29, 1845, 
in  South  Hartford,  N.Y.  In  1858-62  he  attended  the  North  Gran- 
ville  academy;  in  1864-65  he  attended  the  Fort  Edward  institute; 
and  in  1869  and  1872  graduated  from  Williams  college  with  the 
degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  In  1876  he  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  university  of  Vermont ;  and  the  following  year 


100  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  university  of  the  City  of  New 
York.  In  1869-73  he  taught  at  Fort  Edward  institute;  and  in 
1873-76  was  principal  of  Glen  Falls  academy.  In  1877-80  he  prac 
ticed  medicine  at  Sandy  Hill,  N.Y. ;  in  1880-86  at  Luzerne,  N.Y. ; 
and  since  1889  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Glen  Cove,  N.Y.  In 
1894-1900  he  was  school  commissioner  of  Queens  county ;  and  since 
1900  has  been  school  commissioner  of  Nassau  county,  N.Y.  He  is 
a  director  and  secretary  of  the  Nassau  hospital  association;  and 
until  1906  was  manager  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  managers 
of  the  state  normal  and  training  schools  at  Jamaica. 

Cooley,  Le  Roy  Clark,  educator,  inventor,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  7, 1833,  in  Point  Peninsula,  N.Y.  He  is  a  professor  of  physics 
at  Vassar  college;  and  in  1868  invented  an  electric  register  by 
which  piano-wires  and  tuning  fork  leave  an  imprint  of  their  vibra 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of  textbooks  entitled  Text- 
Book  of  Physics;  Text-Book  of  Chemistry;  Easy  Experiments  in 
Physical  Science;  Natural  Philosophy;  Elements  of  Chemistry; 
Students '  Guide  Book ;  Beginners '  Guide  to  Chemistry ;  and  Lab 
oratory  Studies  in  Elementary  Chemistry. 

Cooley,  Mortimer  Elwyn,  educator,  mechanical  engineer,  was 
born  March  28,  1855,  in  Canandaigua,  N.Y.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  district  schools ;  attended  Canandai 
gua  academy ;  and  in  1878  graduated  from  the  United  States  naval 
academy  at  Annapolis,  Md.  In  1879-80  he  was  in  the  navy  on 
cruises  in  the  Mediterranean  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast;  and  in 
1881  was  connected  with  the  bureau  of  steam  engineering.  In 
1898-99  he  was  chief  engineer  in  the  United  States  navy;  in  the 
Spanish-American  war  he  was  attached  to  the  United  States 
steamship  Yosemite ;  and  subsequently  was  in  the  league  navy 
yard.  Since  1881  he  has  been  professor  of  mechanical  engineer 
ing  at  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and  is  dean  of  the  department 
of  engineering.  In  1890-91  he  was  president  of  the  common  coun 
cil  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. ;  and  in  1903  was  president  of  the  Mich 
igan  engineering  society. 

Coonrod,  John  B.,  judge,  Sandusky  county  probate  court  of 
Ohio,  was  born  July  13,  1866,  in  Sandusky  county,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Fremont,  Ohio ;  and  at  the  Tri- 
State  Business  college  of  Toledo,  Ohio.  In  1888  he  was  railway 
postal  clerk  on  the  New  York  and  Chicago  division.  For  eight 
years  he  taught  school  in  Sandusky  and  Ottawa  counties,  Ohio. 
For  six  years  until  1897  he  was  a  marine  engineer  on  steel  steam 
ers  plying  on  the  great  lakes;  and  in  1897-1903  was  deputy  clerk 
of  the  probate  court.  Since  1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  probate 
court  for  Sandusky  county ;  and  resides  in  Fremont,  Ohio. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  101 

Cooper,  Ernest  Clifton,  commissioner  of  insurance  of  North 
Dakota,  was  born  April  11, 1856,  in  Antioch,  111.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools ;  and  graduated  from  the  high  school  of 
Waverly,  Iowa.  For  some  time  he  was  deputy  clerk  of  court  for 
Bremer  county,  Iowa.  For  six  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Grand  Forks,  N.D. ;  and  president  of  the  council  for 
one  year.  In  1896-97  he  was  chairman  of  the  republican  state 
central  committee  of  North  Dakota.  He  is  by  profession  a  fire 
insurance  adjuster  of  Grand  Forks,  N.D. ;  and  prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  community.  Since 
1905  he  has  been  state  commissioner  of  insurance  for  North  Da 
kota  ;  and  resides  in  Grand  Forks,  N.D. 

Cooper,  Ellwood,  horticulturist,  author,  was  born  May  24, 1829, 
in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Harmony,  Pa.,  and 
at  the  public  schools  of  Lancaster  county.  For  ten  years  he  was 
engaged  in  business  at  Port  au  Prince,  Hayti;  for  five  years  in 
New  York;  and  since  1870  has  been  engaged  in  fruit  culture  at 
Santa  Barbara,  Cal.  He  was  the  first  to  engage  in  the  manufac 
ture  of  olive  oil  in  the  United  States ;  and  invented  machines  for 
that  industry.  For  three  years  he  was  principal  of  Santa  Barbara 
college.  In  1885-90  he  studied  parasitology,  and  developed  the 
fact  that  every  insect  that  disturbed  plants  or  their  fruits  had  a 
parasite  to  keep  them  in  check ;  and  this  principle  has  been  dem 
onstrated  in  California  beyond  the  power  of  dispute.  In  1885- 
1903  he  was  president  of  the  California  state  board  of  agriculture, 
and  since  that  time  has  been  state  horticultural  commissioner.  He 
is  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Olive  Culture ;  Forest  Culture ;  and 
Eucalyptus  Trees. 

Corbin,  Joseph  Carter,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
March  26,  1833,  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  He  graduated  in  1853  from 
the  Ohio  University.  He  has  been  state  superintendent  of  edu 
cation  of  Arkansas;  and  for  thirty  years  was  president  of  the 
branch  normal  college  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.  He  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  masonic  order,  of  which  he  was  grand  secretary 
for  thirty  years.  He  is  now  principal  of  Merrill  public  school 
of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

Cornwall,  Wendell  W.,  reporter  state  supreme  court  of  Iowa, 
was  born  Feb.  10,  1857,  in  Albion,  Dane  county,  Wis.  He  was 
educated  at  Albion  academy,  Alfred  university  and  graduated 
from  the  law  school  of  the  university  of  Wisconsin.  He  was 
county  judge  of  McPherson  county,  S.D. ;  has  practiced  law  in 
Spencer,  Iowa;  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  twenty-fifth  and 
twenty-sixth  general  assemblies  of  Iowa.  He  is  now  reporter  of 
the  Iowa  supreme  court  decisions ;  and  resides  in  Spencer,  Iowa. 


102  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 


C'ortelyou,  David  H.,  soldier,  business  man,  was  born  Nov.  30, 
1841,  in  Richmond  county,  N.Y.  He  has  been  corporal,  sergeant, 
sergeant-major,  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the  sixth  regiment  New 
York  cavalry;  and  in  1870  was  retired  as  captain  of  the  ninth 
United  States  cavalry.  In  1873-75  he  was  county  clerk  of  Rich 
mond  county,  N.Y. ;  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace ;  and  until  1898 
was  clerk  of  the  county  and  supreme  court.  He  is  now  secretary 
of  the  Richmond  insurance  company,  New  York;  and  also  vice- 
president  of  the  Westerleigh  building,  loan  and  savings  associa 
tion  of  Richmond,  N.Y. 

Corthell,  Elmer  Lawrence,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born 
Sept.  30,  1840,  in  South  Abington,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at 
Phillips  Exeter  academy  and  at  Brown  university  of  Providence, 
R.I.  He  is  a  civil  engineer  of  distinction.  In  1898  he  was  a  dele 
gate  from  the  United  States  government  to  international  congress 
of  navigation  at  Brussels.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Jet 
ties  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Mississippi;  Maritime  Commerce,  Past, 
Present  and  Future ;  also  articles  on  Jetties ;  Levees ;  and  Ship- 
Canals  and  Ship  Railways,  in  Johnson 's  Cyclopedia. 

Cotton,  Robert  Hammond,  educator,  journalist,  clergyman,  was 
born  Oct.  6,  1841,  in  Great  Britain.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  and  private  schools.  He  has  been  a  successful  journalist  and 
educator.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  St.  Peter,  Minn. ;  has  been 
rector  of  St.  James'  church  at  St.  Paul,  Minn. ;  and  also  the  rector 
of  the  Trinity  church  at  Fort  Worth,  Texas.  He  has  filled  import 
ant  positions  in  his  church  and  has  contributed  extensively  to  cur 
rent  literature  on  religious  and  educational  subjects. 

Cotton,  William  Wick,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1859, 
in  Lyons,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  school;  at  the 
state  normal  school  at  Millersville,  Pa. ;  and  at  the  Columbia  law 
school.  In  1888  he  was  appointed  assistant  to  the  general  solic 
itor  of  the  Union  pacific  railroad  company  at  Omaha,  Neb.  In 
1889  he  removed  to  Portland,  Ore.  He  was  general  attorney  of 
the  pacific  division  of  the  Union  pacific  railroad  when  that  rail 
road  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Oregon  railroad  and  navigation 
company.  He  became  general  attorney  of  the  latter  company.  In 
1901  he  was  appointed  by  the  Oregon  legislature  one  of  the  com 
mittee  of  two  members  to  prepare  manuscript  for  the  new  edition 
Laws  and  Codes  of  Oregon.  He  is  part  author  of  Bellinger  and 
Cotton's  Annotated  Laws  of  Oregon. 

Couch,  Edward  J.,  member  grand  army  of  the  republic,  was 
born  Oct.  14,  1832,  near  Havana,  Schuyler  county,  N.Y.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education  and  graduated  from  Alfred  univer 
sity  of  New  York.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  civil  war; 
and  was  in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes.  He  is  now  a  retired 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  103 

farmer  of  Gross,  Boyd  county,  Neb. ;  served  four  terms  as  a  justice 
of  the  peace;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  was  early  a  whig,  but  on  its  organization  joined  the 
republicans ;  but  when  they  tried  to  retire  the  greenbacks  he  joined 
the  democrats.  He  worked  materially  in  the  election  of  Cleve 
land;  but  later  joined  the  populists.  He  subsequently  rejoined 
the  republican  party;  and  stands  today  with  Roosevelt  and  for 
general  prosperity  in  railroads,  mercantile,  manufacturing  and 
agricultural  industries.  For  several  years  he  was  a  member  of 
the  grand  army  post  at  Jefferson,  Iowa.  Since  1903  he  has  been  a 
member  of  John  A.  Logan  post  No.  353,  Grand  Army  of  the  Re 
public  ;  and  resides  in  Gross,  Neb. 

Couper,  William,  sculptor,  artist,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1853,  in 
Norfolk,  Va.  He  was  educated  at  Norfolk ;  and  began  art  studies 
at  the  Cooper  institute  in  New  York  City.  He  has  also  studied  at 
Munich  and  Florence,  Italy.  In  1893  he  was  on  the  jury  for  ac 
ceptance  of  works  of  art  sent  from  Italy  to  the  Chicago  exposition. 
After  twenty-two  years  in  Italy  he  settled  permanently  in  New 
York  City.  He  gives  all  his  attention  principally  to  ideal  works, 
portrait  statues,  busts  and  bas-reliefs.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
national  sculptural  society  and  of  the  Architectural  league. 

Courtenay,  William  Ashmead,  manufacturer,  philanthropist, 
was  born  Feb.  4,  1831,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  In  1850-60  with  his 
brother  he  conducted  a  book-selling  and  publishing  business  in 
Charleston,  S.C.  In  1861-65  he  was  an  officer  in  the  confederate 
states  army.  For  twenty  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  commission 
and  shipping  business  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was  instrumental  in 
erecting  monuments  to  Colonel  William  Washington,  General 
Daniel  Morgan  and  the  Heroes  of  Cowpens.  At  the  time  of  the 
earthquake  he  was  mayor  of  Charleston,  S.C. ;  and  his  wise  admin 
istration  attracted  national  attention. 

Cousins,  Robert  G.,  United  States  congressman  from  Iowa,  was 
born  in  1859  in  Cedar  county,  Iowa.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to 
the  Iowa  legislature,  and  w^as  elected  by  the  house  of  representa 
tives  as  one  of  the  prosecutors  for  the  Brown  impeachment,  tried 
before  the  senate  during  1887.  In  1888  he  was  elected  prosecut 
ing  attorney  and  also  presidential  elector  for  the  fifth  congres 
sional  district.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress  from  the  fifth  district  of  Iowa  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and 
resides  in  Tipton,  Iowa. 

Covell,  Alton  Giles,  lawyer,  legislator,  financier,  was  born  June 
8,  1854,  in  Erie,  Pa.  He  received  an  academic  education  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880.  In  1883  he  moved  to  North  Dakota, 


104  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

where  he  has  large  and  extensive  financial  interests  in  wheat  and 
stock  farms,  and  in  a  general  mercantile  house.  He  has  served 
two  terms  as  state's  attorney  for  Wells  county.  He  served  one 
term  as  a  representative  of  the  North  Dakota  state  legislature ; 
and  was  a  member  of  several  important  committees. 

Covey,  Frank  B.,  state  representative  of  Illinois,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1866,  in  Boone  county,  111.  He  was  educated  at  the  grammar 
and  high  schools  of  Belvldere,  111. ;  and  graduated  from  the  North 
western  university  law  school.  He  has  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Belvidere,  111. ;  and  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  He  is  now  pres 
ident  of  the  school  board  of  North  Blvidere,  111.;  and  has  filled 
various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  representative  in 
the  Illinois  state  legislature  for  the  eighth  senatorial  district,  com 
prising  the  counties  of  Boone,  Lake  and  McHenry ;  and  resides  in 
Belvidere,  111. 

Cowie,  Thomas  Jefferson,  pay  inspector  United  States  navy. 
In  1880  he  was  appointed  from  Iowa  as  assistant  paymaster;  in 
1891  he  became  passed  assistant  paymaster;  in  1895  became  pay 
master;  and  in  1893  attained  the  rank  of  pay  inspector.  He  has 
served  on  various  duties  in  the  pay  department  of  the  navy ;  and 
since  1905  has  been  pay  officer  and  general  storekeeper  at  the 
United  States  naval  academy  at  Annapolis,  Md.  He  is  known  as 
the  father  and  most  efficient  advocate  of  the  new  bill  asking  for 
a  twenty  per  cent  increase  in  pay  of  the  officers  of  the  navy. 

Cox,  Nicholas  Nichols,  soldier,  farmer,  lawyer,  congressman, 
was  born  Jan.  6,  1837,  in  Bedford  county,  Term.  He  removed  to 
Texas  in  his  boyhood ;  and  was  reared  in  Sequin,  Texas.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools;  and 
in  1858  graduated  from  the  school  at  Lebanon,  Tenn.  During  the 
civil  war  he  was  a  colonel  serving  in  confederate  states  army ;  and 
he  served  during  most  of  the  time  with  General  Forrest.  Since 
the  civil  war  he  has  been  a  lawyer  of  Franklin,  Tenn. ;  and  in  1860 
was  an  elector  on  the  Breckinridge-Lane  ticket.  In  1872  he  was 
an  elector  on  the  Greeley  ticket,  but  when  Mr.  Greeley  died  he  cast 
his  vote  for  Thomas  A.  Hendricks  of  Indiana,  for  president  of  the 
United  States.  In  1891-1901  he  was  a  representative  from  the 
seventh  district  of  Tennessee  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth,  fifty-fifth  and  fifty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat;  and 
served  on  various  important  committees. 

Cox,  Palmer,  artist,  author,  was  born  on  April  28,  1840,  in 
Canada.  He  became  famous  the  world  over  as  the  author  of  a 
series  of  books  entitled  The  Brownies,  Their  Book;  Another 
Brownie  Book;  and  other  works.  A  volume  entitled  Queer 
People  contains  a  collection  of  many  of  his  contributions  to  juve- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  105 

nile  literature.  In  his  younger  days  he  lived  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  there  published  Squibs  of  California  and  various  other  works. 
He  illustrates  his  own  works;  and  has  a  studio  and  sanctum  on 
Broadway,  New  York  City.  His  other  works  are :  Hans  Von  Fet 
ter's  Trip  to  Gotham;  How  Columbus  Found  America;  That  Stan 
ley  ;  Queer  People,  such  as  Goblins,  etc. ;  Queer  People  with  Claws 
and  Wings ;  Queer  People  with  Wings  and  Stings. 

Cox,  W.  H.,  state  senator  of  Kentucky,  was  born  Oct.  22,  1856, 
in  Maysville,  Ky.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  For  many  years  he  was 
connected  with  the  dry  goods  business ;  and  subsequently  engaged 
in  the  banking  business.  For  eleven  years  he  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  of  Maysville,  Ky. ;  for  seven  years  was  the  pres 
ident  ;f or  four  years  served  with  distinction  as  mayor  of  that 
city.  Since  1900  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  state 
senate ;  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1904-08 ;  and  resides 
in  Maysville,  Ky. 

Cox,  William  Ruffin,  soldier,  planter  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  March  11,  1832,  in  Scotland  Neck,  N.C.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Franklin  college,  Tennessee ;  and  at  the  Lebafc  ..a 
law  school.  During  the  civil  war  he  became  a  brigadier-genera 
in  the  confederate  service.  He  was  solicitor  of  the  sixth  judicial 
circuit  court;  and  he  served  as  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  dis 
trict  court  of  North  Carolina.  In  1881-87  he  was  a  representative 
to  the  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  congresses ;  and 
served  as  secretary  of  the  United  States  senate.  He  has  been  a 
successful  planter  and  is  now  largely  engaged  in  agriculture. 

Cox,  William  Van  Zandt,  banker,  author,  was  born  June  12, 
1852,  near  Zanesville,  Ohio ;  and  is  a  son  of  Colonel  Thomas  J.  Cox 
of  the  United  States  volunteer  army,  and  a  nephew  of  the  late 
Samuel  S.  Cox,  the  eminent  statesman.  In  1874  he  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  wesleyan  university  with  the  degree  of  A.M. ;  and 
in  1877  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1879-1902  he  was  on  the  ad 
ministrative  staff  of  the  United  States  national  museum.  He  is 
now  president  of  the  Second  national  bank  of  Washington,  D.C. ; 
vice-president  of  the  Washington  market  company ;  and  a  director 
in  various  financial  institutions.  In  1887  he  also  represented  the 
Smithsonian  institute  at  the  Minneapolis  exposition;  and  in  1888 
also  represented  it  at  the  Northwest  territorial  centennial  at 
Marietta,  Ohio.  In  1893  he  was  financial  officer  of  the  Smith 
sonian  institution  and  the  United  States  national  museum  at  the 
World's  Columbian  and  Atlanta  expositions;  and  United  States 
executive  officer  at  the  Nashville,  Omaha,  Buffalo  and  St.  Louis 
expositions.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  board  of  education  of 


106  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Washington,  D.C.  He  is  the  author  of  Life  of  Samuel  S.  Cox; 
and  various  Reports  and  Monographs. 

Craig,  Samuel  Thomas,  soldier,  merchant,  was  born  March  22, 
1835,  in  Corydon,  Ind.  In  his  youth  he  learned  the  trade  of  a  car 
riage  maker ;  and  in  1860  crossed  the  Rocky  mountains.  He  served 
through  the  civil  war,  enlisting  as  a  private  in  company  H,  first 
regiment  Iowa  volunteer  cavalry;  was  promoted  through  all 
grades  and  brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  participated  in  nearly 
all  of  the  scouting  and  battles  with  the  enemy  in  southwestern 
Missouri,  and  in  Arkansas  and  other  states;  crossed  the  Ozark 
mountains ;  and  was  mustered  out  in  1866.  He  remained  one  year 
in  Texas,  and  then  returned  home  to  Iowa.  He  was  county  audi 
tor  for  four  terms ;  and  has  principally  been  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  at  Albia,  la. 

Crandall,  Floyd  Milford,  physician,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
May  2,  1858,  in  Belfast,  N.Y.  Since  1893  he  has  been  professor 
in  the  New  York  polyclinic;  and  is  president  of  the  New  York 
county  medical  society.  He  is  the  author  of  How  To  Keep  Well. 

Crane,  Charles  Judson,  lieutenant-colonel  United  States  army, 
was  born  April  30,  1852,  in  Hernando,  Miss.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  private  schools  of  Independence,  Tex. ;  and  at  the 
United  States  Military  academy  of  West  Point,  N.Y.  As  an  officer 
in  the  regular  army  he  has  held  every  position,  from  second  lieu 
tenant  to  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1898-1902  he  was  also  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  colonel  of  volunteers  in  Cuba  and  in  the  Philippines. 
In  1901-03  he  was  major  and  adjutant-general  in  the  United  States 
army;  and  in  1903-05  commanding  district  of  Porto  Rico.  He  is 
military  secretary  and  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  United  States 
army ;  and  is  now  stationed  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Crater,  George  Edwin,  soldier,  lawyer,  financier,  explorer, 
author,  was  born  in  1870  in  Colorado ;  and  is  a  member  of  an  old 
Virginia  family.  He  was  educated  in  the  private  schools ;  studied 
the  sciences  and  medicine ;  and  became  a  successful  lawyer.  He 
hao  organized  and  has  been  seven  times  president  of  a  national  or 
state  bank;  and  has  organized  over  six  hundred  corporations,  in 
cluding  railway  companies,  water  companies,  light,  industrial  and 
mining  corporations.  He  organized  the  first  steamship  company 
to  operate  between  Seattle  and  Skagway  and  Dyea,  Alaska.  He 
has  been  an  extensi/e  traveler  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  He  or 
ganized  the  corporation  to  construct  a  railway  in  Persia  from 
Teheran  to  the  Persian  gulf,  which  organization  completed  the 
greatest  railway  system  the  world  has  ever  known,  linking  the  rail 
roads  of  Europe  with  India,  and  shortening  the  belting  of  the 
globe  by  twenty-one  days.  He  is  an  authority  as  well  as  a  pioneer 
in  the  field  of  adventure ;  is  an  expert  shot ;  a  noted  yachtman ;  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  107 

interested  in  motoring  and  aerostation.  He  resides  chiefly  in  New 
Yon*,  City  and  London,  England. 

Crawford,  Thomas,  merchant,  real  estate,  banker,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1836,  in  Ireland.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in 
the  public  and  private  schools.  Since  1850  he  has  been  a  resident 
of  the  state  of  New  York ;  and  in  1857-71  was  in  the  dry  goods 
business.  For  many  years  he  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  real 
estate  transactions;  and  is  president  of  the  Harlem  savings  bank 
of  New  York  City. 

Crawford,  William  T.,  United  States  congressman  from  North 
Carolina.  He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  tenth 
district  of  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and  resides  in 
Waynesville,  N.C. 

Creel,  Heber  Mansfield,  soldier,  statesman,  founder,  was  born 
on  Nov.  30,  1856,  in  La  Fayette  county,  Mo.  He  attended  the 
United  States  military  academy  at  West  Point,  N.Y.  He  was 
second  lieutenant  of  the  seventh  United  States  cavalry.  He  has 
been  inspector  and  judge  advocate  general  of  the  North  Dakota 
National  guard;  and  president  of  the  state  military  board.  He 
served  as  state  senator  of  the  twenty-first  district  of  North  Dakota 
in  1897-1901.  He  founded  the  city  of  Devils  Lake,  N.D. ;  and  re 
ceived  the  nomination  for  congress  in  1898. 

Creighton,  Hugh  L.,  soldier,  educator,  business  man,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1837,  in  Louisa  county,  Iowa.  During  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  a  soldier  in  company  A,  thirtieth  regiment  Iowa  vol 
unteer  infantry,  and  was  promoted  to  captain.  He  served  with 
distinction  in  the  battles  of  Wilson's  Creek,  Chicasaw  Bayou, 
Arkansas  Post,  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  at  Lookout  Mountain,  Mis 
sionary  Ridge  and  other  battles.  And  for  many  years  he  was  a 
public  school  teacher ;  and  is  now  engaged  in  business  in  Oakville, 
Iowa,  where  he  takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
county  and  state. 

Croft,  Edmund,  agriculturist,  statesman,  was  born  May  31, 
1848,  in  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  Australia.  He  was  educated 
at  Eaton  college  of  England ;  and  at  Trinity  college  of  Cambridge, 
England.  All  his  life  he  has  been  engaged  in  agricultural  and 
pastoral  pursuits  in  New  Zealand,  Queensland,  Florida  and  the 
state  of  Washington.  He  has  now  retired  from  active  work;  re 
sides  in  the  state  of  Washington  at  Tacoma;  and  is  prominently 
identified  with  its  business  and  public  affairs.  He  has  filled 
numerous  positions  of  trust  and  honor  during  his  life.  In  1906-08 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  Washington  state  legislature. 

Crook,  Alja  Robinson,  educator,  geologist,  was  born  June  17, 
1864,  in  Circleville,  Ohio.  In  1887  he  graduated  from  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  university  with  the  degree  of  A.B. ;  studied  in  the 


108  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

British  museum ;  in  the  universities  of  Berlin,  Zurich  and  Munich ; 
and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  latter  institution.  He 
worked  in  three  of  the  greatest  museums  in  Europe ;  and  since  1893 
has  been  professor  of  mineralogy  and  economic  geology  in  the 
Northwestern  university  at  Evanston,  111.  As  a  mountaineer  he 
has  had  experiences  in  the  Urals,  the  Caucasus  and  in  the  moun 
tains  of  the  United  States  and  Mexico.  He  is  a  lecturer  of  note ; 
and  is  a  fellow  of  the  geological  society  of  America.  Since  1906 
he  has  been  curator  of  the  Illinois  state  museum  of  natural  his 
tory  ;  and  is  secretary  in  the  Illinois  state  academy  of  science.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Mineralogy  of  the  Chicago  Area. 

Crook,  Harrison,  physician,  was  born  April  13,  1850,  in  Mary 
land.  In  1878  he  received  his  medical  degree  from  the  George 
town  Medical  college;  in  which  institution  he  was  demonstrator 
of  anatomy  in  1878-82 ;  and  still  holds  the  chair  of  clinical  surgery. 
For  the  past  ten  years  he  has  been  surgeon  to  the  Providence 
hospital  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Crossley,  James  J.,  state  senator  of  Iowa,  was  born  Aug.  31, 
1869,  in  Madison  county,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  at  Des  Moines 
college,  Iowa  state  university  and  Yale  university;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  M.A.,  and  LL.B.  Since  1900  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Winterset,  Iowa.  He  has  been  county  superin 
tendent  of  schools ;  and  captain  of  company  G,  fifty-first  and  fifty- 
fifth  infantry  Iowa  national  guard.  He  is  now  serving  his  fourth 
session  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  senate ;  is  author  of  the  pro 
posed  primary  laws  for  Iowa ;  and  resides  in  Winterset,  Iowa. 

Crowell,  Edward  Payson,  educator,  legislator,  historian,  author, 
was  born  Sept.  7,  1830,  in  Essex,  Mass.  He  graduated  from  Am- 
herst  college  in  1853 ;  in  1856-58  took  a  course  in  Andover  theol 
ogical  seminary  and  has  received  the  degree  of  DD.  In  1853-55  he 
was  a  teacher  of  latin  and  Greek  in  the  Williston  seminary;  was 
tutor  in  Amherst  college  in  1855-56 ;  and  professor  of  latin  and  in 
structor  in  German  in  1858-64.  Since  1864  he  has  been  Moore  pro 
fessor  of  latin  language  and  literature  in  that  institution;  and 
dean  of  the  faculty  in  1880-94.  In  1859  he  was  licensed  a  congre 
gational  preacher.  In  1879  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Mass 
achusetts  state  legislature.  He  edited  the  annual  obituary  record 
of  graduates  of  Amherst  college  in  1863-76  and  since  1886.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  American  philosophical  society.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  text  books  and  literary  contributions  on  philological, 
biographical  and  historical  subjects. 

Crowell,  John  S.,  publisher,  journalist,  was  born  Jan.  7,  1850, 
in  Louisville,  Ky.  In  1877  he  founded  and  was  president  of  the 
publishing  house  of  Mast,  Crowell  and  Kirkpatrick,  proprietors  of 
the  Woman 's  Home  Companion  and  the  Farm  and  Fireside.  He 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  109 

has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trade  of  Springfield,  Ohio ;  pres 
ident  of  the  Young  men 's  Christian  association ;  for  five  years  was 
president  of  the  Springfield  college  and  seminary;  and  president 
of  the  Men's  literary  club.  He  is  now  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  Western  college  for  women  of  Oxford,  Ohio.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  Columbia  life  insurance  company  of  Cincinnati ; 
a  director  in  the  First  national  bank ;  and  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  City  hospital.  For  thirty  years  he  has  been  an 
elder  in  the  First  presbyterian  church  of  Springfield,  Ohio ;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  social,  business  and  public  affairs 
of  his  community. 

Crowley,  B.  H.,  soldier,  planter,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born 
Oct.  28,  1836,  in  Greene  county,  Ark.  In  1861  he  entered  the  con 
federate  service  as  a  private  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark. ;  attained  the 
rank  of  captain ;  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He 
is  a  successful  planter  and  lawyer  of  Paragould,  Ark. ;  served  two 
terms  in  the  Arkansas  state  legislature;  was  for  two  terms  a 
member  of  the  Arkansas  state  senate;  and  for  four  years  was 
receiver  in  the  United  States  land  office  at  Little  Rock  for  the 
district  of  Arkansas.  He  is  now  brigadier-general,  first  brigade, 
united  confederate  veterans  of  Arkansas;  and  resides  in  Para 
gould,  Ark. 

Crunden,  Frederick  Morgan,  educator,  librarian,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  1,  1847,  in  Gravesend,  England.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  high  schools  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  in  1868  he  graduated 
from  Washington  university;  and  subsequently  received  the  de 
gree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution  of  learning.  Early  in  life  he 
was  a  public  reader  and  actor.  In  1869-71  he  was  principal  of  a 
grammar  school ;  and  in  1872-76  was  professor  in  Washington  uni 
versity.  In  1890  he  was  president  of  the  American  library  asso 
ciation.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  association  for  the  ad 
vancement  of  science;  and  in  1904  was  chairman  of  the  library 
section  of  the  Internationa]  congress  of  arts  and  sciences  at  the 
St.  Louis  exposition.  Since  1877  he  has  been  librarian  of  the  St. 
Louis  public  library.  He  is  the  author  of  Monographs  and  articles 
on  educational  and  sociological  subjects. 

Cudmore,  Patrick,  soldier,  lawyer,  historian,  poet,  was  born  in 
June,  1831,  in  Ireland.  After  leaving  the  monastery  of  Dungar- 
van,  he  studied  mathematics  at  the  best  academy  in  Munster.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1846 ;  studied  law ;  took  a  course  of  lec 
tures  on  anatomy  at  the  Bellevue  hospital ;  and  a  course  of  lectures 
at  the  Cooper  institute.  He  travelled  extensively  in  Cuba,  Mexico, 
Central  and  South  America.  In  1853  he  moved  to  Dane  County, 
Wis. ;  in  1855  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  peace ;  and  became  a 
popular  lawyer  and  public  speaker.  In  1856  he  moved  to  Min- 


110  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

nesota,  and  the  following  year  settled  in  Faribault.  In  1860  he 
commenced  delivering  lectures  on  Ireland,  Mexico  and  Peru.  In 
1862  he  mustered  in  as  a  soldier  and  served  three  years,  first  in 
company  H,  tenth  regiment  Minnesota  infantry  volunteers,  which 
he  was  instrumental  in  raising;  and  subsequently  joined  the  six 
teenth  army  corps.  He  is  the  author  of  Cudmore's  Constitutional 
History ;  Cudmore  's  Irish  Republic  ;  Cudmore  's  Poems  and  Songs ; 
Cudmore's  Battle  of  Clontarf  and  Other  Poems;  Buchanan's  Con 
spiracy,  the  Nicaragua  Canal  and  Reciprocity;  Cudmore's  Cleve 
land's  Mai-Administration;  also  Cudmore's  Prophecy  of  the 
Twentieth  Century;  Cudmore's  Penal  Laws  of  Ireland;  and  other 
works. 

Cummer,  Wellington  Wilson,  lumberman,  public  official,  donor, 
was  born  Oct.  21,  1846,  in  Toronto,  Canada.  He  was  educated  at 
the  high  school  of  Watertown,  Canada ;  and  is  a  prominent  lumber 
man  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Cadillac,  Mich. ; 
was  a  republican  presidential  elector  in  1888;  and  a  member  of 
the  school  board  for  ten  years.  He  made  extensive  investments  in 
pine  and  cypress  lands  in  Florida ;  owns  over  one-half  of  the  stock 
in  the  Cummer  lumber  company  of  Jacksonville,  Fla. ;  is  a  large 
owner  of  stumpage  in  Michigan ;  and  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Cummer,  Diggins  and  company  of  Cadillac,  Mich.  He  is  interested 
in  the  Young  men's  Christian  association;  and  also  in  library 
work;  and  gave  sixty  thousand  dollars  to  the  former,  and  three 
thousand  dollars  to  the  latter. 

Cupp,  Walter  Roberts,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  Nov. 
20,  1879,  in  Carthage,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at  the  college  of 
Idaho  at  Caldwell.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  with  real  estate 
interests.  He  was  a  delegate  to  state  conventions  of  various  or 
ganizations  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  live  stock  and  to  the 
national  wool  growers  conventions ;  and  was  honored  with  the  ap 
pointment  as  a  special  delegate  to  the  national  forest  congress 
which  met  in  1905  in  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  now  United  States 
commissioner  for  the  district  of  Idaho ;  referee  in  bankruptcy  for 
the  central  division  district  of  Idaho;  and  resides  in  Caldwell, 
Idaho. 

Curtis,  Charles,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1860,  in  North  Topeka,  Kan.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  Since  1881 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Topeka,  Kan. ;  and 
in  1884-88  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Shawnee  county,  Kan.  In 
1893-1907  he  was  a  representative  from  Kansas  to  the  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth 
and  fifty-ninth  congresses  as  a  republican.  In  1907  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  from  Kansas  for  the  term 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  111 

ending  in   1913.     He  was   a   member  of  the   Taft  party  to  the 
Philippines. 

Curtis,  Frederick  Smillie,  educator,  founder,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
185'\  in  Stratford,  Conn.  In  1862-66  he  attended  the  Stratford 
academy  in  1869  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Sheffield  scien 
tific  school  of  Yale  university;  and  also  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  that  institution.  He  was  professor  of  mathematics  and 
science  in  the  state  normal  school  at  Westchester,  Pa.  ;,and  was 
professor  of  chemistry  in  S'warthmore  college  in  1872-75.  In  1875 
he  founded  and  has  since  been  principal  of  the  Curtis  school  for 
young  boys  at  Brookfield  Center,  Conn.  In  1894-1907  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  education  of  Brookfield,  Conn. ;  and  in 
1903  was  moderator  of  the  state  conference  of  congregational 
churches. 

Curtis,  John  S.,  merchant,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1862,  in 
Double  Springs,  Ala.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  state.  In  1886-98  "he  served  twelve 
years  as  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  for  Winston  county,  Ala.  He 
is  a  prominent  member  of  the  republican  party ;  and  for  many 
years  a  successful  merchant.  Since  1904  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
probate  court  for  Winston  county,  Ala. 

Cutler,  Condiet  Walker,  physician,  author,  was  born  Feb.  27T 
1859,  in  Morristown,  N.J.  In  1879  he  graduated  from  Rutgers  col 
lege  with  the  degree  of  M.S. ;  and  in  1882  graduated  from  the  col 
lege  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  Columbia  university.  In  1892- 
95  was  professor  of  dermatology  at  the  university  of  Vermont ;  and 
in  1897-98  was  visiting  physician  of  the  city  hospital.  In  1888- 
1902  he  was  physician  in  chief  of  the  New  York  dispensary.  He 
is  the  author  of  Manual  of  Differential  Medical  Diagnosis ;  Differ 
ential  Diagnosis  of  the  Diseases  of  the  Skin ;  Essentials  of  Physics 
and  Chemistry ;  and  Practical  Lectures  in  Dermatology. 

Cutler,  James  G.,  architect,  manufacturer,  financier,  was  born- 
April  24,  1848,  in  Albany,  N.Y.  He  is  an  architect  by  profession ;. 
and  retired  from  active  practice  in  1894.  He  is  president  of  the 
Cutler  manufacturing  company  and  president  of  the  Cutler  realty 
company.  For  three  terms  he  was  president  of  the  western  New 
York  association  of  architects.  In  1896  he  was  president  of  the 
Rochester  chamber  of  commerce ;  was  presidential  elector  in  1900 : 
and  in  1904  became  mayor  of  Rochester,  N.Y. 

Cutler,  John  C.,  governor  of  Utah,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1846,  in 
Sheffield,  England.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  private 
schools.  He  became  a  successful  merchant  of  Utah;  and  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  state. 
In  1884-90  he  was  county  clerk  for  Salt  Lake  county,  Utah ;  and 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  president 


112  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  the  Cutler  Brothers  company;  vice-president  of  the  American 
Surety  company ;  vice-president  of  the  Beneficial  life  insurance 
company  of  Utah ;  a  member  of  the  executive  committee ;  .a  director 
of  the  Utah  and  the  Idaho  Sugar  companies;  a  director  in  the 
Desert  national  bank  and  five  other  banks;  and  is  interested  in 
various  other  corporations.  In  1905  he  became  governor  of  the 
state  of  Utah ;  and  resides  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Dahlman,  James  C.,  business  man,  public  official,  was  born  Dec. 
15,  1856,  in  Texas.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Chadron,  Neb.;  and  for 
three  terms  was  sheriff  of  Dawes  county,  Neb.  In  1896-1900  he 
was  chairman  of  the  democratic  state  committee ;  and  in  1892  and 
in  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  conventions. 
And  since  1900  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  national  democratic 
committee;  and  is  now  serving  his  third  term  of  1908-12.  He  is 
connected  with  the  live  stock  commission  business  at  Omaha,  Neb. ; 
and  is  now  serving  as  mayor  of  that  city. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1851,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  Harvard  college; 
and  in  1878  from  the  Harvard  law  school.  In  1889-92  he  edited 
the  Civil  Service  Record;  and  in  1878  organized  the  associated 
charities  of  Boston.  In  1891-98  he  was  president  of  the  New  Eng 
land  conservatory  of  music ;  and  in  1890-91  was  president  of  the 
Boston  young  men's  Christian  association;  and  was  also  president 
of  the  civil  service  reform  association.  He  is  the  author  of  Double 
Taxation  in  Massachusetts ;  and  addresses  on  political  reform,  tax 
ation,  ballot  reform,  election  expenses  and  better  houses  for  labors. 

Daniels,  Milton  J.,  soldier,  banker,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  April  18,  1838,  in  Cobleskill,  N.Y.  During  the  civil  war 
he  raised  company  F,  nineth  regiment  Minnesota  volunteers ;  and 
was  commissioned  second  lieutenant.  In  1865  he  attained  the 
rank  of  major  by  brevet.  Since  1871  he  has  been  president  of 
banks:  and  served  four  years  each  in  1882-89  in  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature  and  in  the  state  senate.  He  then  settled  in  River 
side,  Cal.  In  1903-05  he  was  a  representative  from  California 
to  the  fifty-eigth  congress  as  a  republican. 

Darling,  Flora  Adams,  founder  general  of  the  Daughters  of 
the  Revolution,  was  born  July  25,  1840,  in  Lancaster,  N.H.  She  is 
a  member  of  the  well-known  Adams  family,  and  inherits  many 
traits  of  her  ancestors.  Her  husband,  General  Darling,  was  killed 
while  serving  in  the  confederate  army.  She  is  the  author  of  A 
Wayward  Winning  Woman;  The  Bourbon  Lily;  Was  it  a  Just 
Verdict;  A  Social  Diplomat;  From  Two  Points  of  Views;  The 
Senator's  Daughters;  and  Letters  or  Memoirs  of  the  Civil  War; 
and  other  novels. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  113 

Darton,  Nelson  Horatio,  geologist,  lecturer,  inventor,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  17,  1865,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  is  the  inventor  of 
various  chemical  processes ;  has  lectured  at  various  colleges ;  and 
is  a  member  of  many  scientific  societies  in  America  and  Europe. 
He  is  geologist  on  the  United  States  geological  survey  at  Wash 
ington,  D.C.  He  is  the  author  of  Geology  of  Central  Great  Plains ; 
Artesian  Waters  in  the  Dakotas;  Geology  of  Western  Nebraska; 
Geology  of  Bighorn  Mountains;  Geology  of  Arkansas  Valley  in 
Colorado;  Catalogue  of  Contributions  to  North  American  Geol 
ogy  in  1732  to  1891 ;  Geology  of  Southern  Black  Hills ;  and  other 
Monographs. 

Dassler,  Charles  F.  W.,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  3, 1852, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Since  1873  he  has  practiced  law  in  Leavenworth, 
Kan.;  has  been  city  attorney  for  two  terms;  served  in  the  city 
council  for  two  terms,  and  was  president  one  year;  and  also 
served  as  president  of  the  board  of  education  for  two  terms.  He 
is  the  author  of  Dassler 's  Kansas  Digest;  Dassler 's  Kansas  Stat 
utes;  and  Leavenworth  City  Ordinances;  and  also  editor  and 
compiler  of  a  number  of  other  legal  works ;  and  resides  in  Leaven 
worth,  Kan. 

Daugherty,  James  A.,  farmer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  was  born 
Aug.  30,  1847,  in  McMinn  county,  Tenn.  He  received  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools  of  Eeast  Tennessee;  and  in  1867 
moved  to  Missouri.  In  1891-95  he  served  two  terms  as  judge  of 
the  county  court  of  Jasper  county;  and  in  1896  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Missouri  state  legislature.  He  has  taken  an  act 
ive  part  in  public  affairs ;  and  he  is  also  a  successful  farmer  and 
stock  raiser  of  Webb  City,  Mo.;  and  has  filled  several  positions 
of  trust  and  honor. 

Daugherty,  Silas  Davis,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  April 
17,  1857,  near  Sewicksburg,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  Pennsyl 
vania  college  and  Gettysburg  theological  seminary.  For  five  terms 
he  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  then  served 
as  pastor  of  various  Lutheran  churches.  In  1901-08  he  was  super 
intendent  of  missions  of  the  Lutheran  church,  city  of  Philadelphia ; 
and  is  a  representative  of  the  Lutheran  church  in  its  mission 
work  in  Buenos  Aires,  S'.A. 

Davenport,  Bennett  Franklin,  physician,  surgeon,  scientist, 
was  born  May  28,  1845,  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  graduated  from 
Harvard  university  with  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  A.M.  and  M.  D. ; 
also  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Columbia  university  of 
New  York  City;  and  was  for  a  year  a  student  at  the  university 
of  Tueringen,  Germany,  In  1879-86  he  filled  the  chair  of  chemistry 
in  the  Massachusetts  college  of  pharmacy;  was  chemist  to  the 
Massachusetts  state  board  of  health  in  1882-92;  dairy  inspector 


114  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

for  the  city  of  Boston  in  1882-85 ;  and  state  dairy'  bureau  in  1892- 
1900. 

Davenport,  S.  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1834,  in 
Schuyler  county,  N.Y.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  for  the 
county  of  Erie,  Pa. ;  and  is  now  a  practicing  attorney  in  the  city 
of  Erie  Pa.,  In  1888  he  was  elected  District  delegate  of  the  Repub 
lican  national  convention  held  at  Chicago ;  and  in  1892  was  elected 
one  of  the  delegates  at  large  to  the  national  republican  conven 
tion  held  at  Minneapolis.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  and 
fifty-sixth  congresses  from  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  at  large  as 
a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Erie,  Pa. 

Davie,  John  R.,  merchant,  miner,  lawyer,  public  official, 
founder,  was  born  June  24,  1850,  in  Crescent,  N.Y.  In  1892  he 
organized  the  Davie  ferry  transportation  company,  operating  be 
tween  Oakland  and  San  Francisco,  in  opposition  to  the  Southern 
pacific  railroad  company,  fares  being  reduced  from  fifteen  cents 
to  five  cents.  He  built  the  first  wharf  in  Oakland  on  disputed  ter 
ritory;  successfully  resisted  an  armed  force  employed  by  the 
railroad  company;  and  the  result  of  the  railroads  claim,  which 
he  contested  through  the  state  and  federal  courts,  resulted  in 
restoring  to  the  city  of  Oakland  control  and  possession  of  the  en 
tire  water  front  within  the  state  limits.  In  1895  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Oakland ;  and  during  his  term  great  improvements  were 
made.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Merchant's  exchange  of  Oak 
land  ;  and  in  1904  organized  and  became  president  of  the  California 
co-operative  meat  company;  and  is  now  operating  mines  in  Mex 
ico. 

Davies,  William  Gilbert,  member  grand  army  of  the  republic, 
was  born  March  21,  1842,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  educated  at 
Trinity  college  of  Hartford,  Conn. ;  and  at  the  university  of  Leip- 
zic,  Germany.  He  has  been  general  solicitor  of  the  Mutual  life  in 
surance  company  of  New  York;  and  commissioner  for  widening 
and  extending  Elm  street  of  New  York  city.  Since  1888  he  has 
been  a  member  of  James  Monroe  post,  number  607,  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

Davis,  David,  vocalist,  composer,  was  born  May  3,  1855,  in 
South  Wales.  He  became  a  skilled  mechanical  artisan  of  Cleve 
land,  Ohio.  About  1875  he  began  the  study  of  vocalism;  and  in 
1877  returned  to  his  native  country  and  entered  into  the  univer 
sity  of  Wales,  where  he  studied  for  three  years.  In  1880  he 
established  himself  as  a  teacher  of  singing  and  harmony  in  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  now  has  one  of  the  most  select  schools  of 
its  character  in  the  west.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  preparing 
pupils  for  church  choirs,  concerts  and  oratories.  He  is  a  director 
of  the  Cincinnati  Welsh  choral  society;  and  for  nearly  twenty 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  115 

years  has  been  a  tenor  in  the  Plum  street  Jewish  temple.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  tenor  and  choirmaster  in  the  Grace  protestant 
episcopal  church  of  Avondale.  He  has  appeared  in  numerous  con 
certs  in  London ;  and  in  many  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  United 
S'tates. 

Davis,  Harry  E.,  state  representative  of  Rhode  Island,  was 
born  May  1,  1868,  in  Northboro,  Mass.  He  graduated  from  the 
Blackstone  high  school.  He  is  a  successful  business  man  of  Woon- 
socket,  R.I. ;  and  is  an  extensive  dealer  in  coal,  wood,  coke,  ice 
and  cement.  For  thirteen  years  he  was  associated  with  the  late 
Hon.  Leroy  L.  Chilson,  former  state  senator  who  was  engaged  in 
the  stationery  business;  and  since  1898  has  been  part  proprietor 
of  the  New  England  coal  company  of  Woonsocket,  R.I.  He  is  a 
state  representative  in  the  Rhode  Island  state  legislature ;  is  now 
serving  his  second  term  of  1909-10;  and  resides  in  Woonsocket, 
R.I. 

Davis,  John  Merrill,  soldier,  educator,  clergyman,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1846,  in  Harrisonville,  Ohio.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
state ;  in  1873  graduated  from  the  Ohio  university  at  Athens,  and 
has  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.D.  and  D.D.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  seven  months  as  a  private  in  the  one  hundred  and 
eighty-eighth  regiment,  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  In  1872-74  he 
taught  in  the  Ohio  university;  and  in  1874-78  taught  in  the  Ridge- 
ville  college  of  Indiana.  Since  1879  he  has  filled  a  professorship 
in  the  Rio  Grande  college  of  Ohio ;  and  since  1877  has  been  presi 
dent. 

Davis,  Thomas  Kirby,  clergyman,  librarian,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1826,  in  Chambersburg,  Pa.  In  1845  he  graduated  from  Yale 
college;  and  in  1846-49  studied  theology  at  Princeton  theological 
seminary.  For  several  years  he  was  a  home  missionary  in  Calif 
ornia.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  For 
four  years  he  was  professor  of  languages  in  Vermilion  institute  of 
Hayesville,  Ohio ;  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  that  institution  until 
it  gave  place  to  the  university  of  Wooster ;  and  has  been  identified 
with  the  university  since  its  inception.  For  nearly  thirty  years 
he  was  a  trustee  and  secretary  of  Wooster  university;  and  since 
1877  has  been  its  librarian.  He  is  the  author  of  several  Mono 
graphs;  and  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodical  liter 
ature. 

Dawson,  William  Mercer  Owens,  educator,  journalist,  state 
senator,  governor,  was  born  May  21,  1853,  in  Bloomington,  Md., 
within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  the  Virginia,  now  the  West  Vir 
ginia  line.  He  learned  the  cooper's  trade;  taught  school;  and 
in  1873  became  editor  of  the  Preston  County  Journal  of  Kingwood, 


116  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

W.  Va.,  of  which  publication  he  subsequently  became  proprietor. 
In  1874-87  he  was  chairman  of  the  county  republican  committee ; 
and  in  1881-85  and  1889-93  he  was  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia 
state  senate.  In  1891-1904  he  was  chairman  of  the  republican 
state  committee;  was  mayor  of  Kingwood;  and  in  1897-1905  he 
served  two  terms  as  secretary  of  state  of  West  Virginia.  In  1905- 
09  he  was  governor  of  the  state  of  West  Virginia. 

Dayton,  Alston  Gordon,  United  States  district  judge  for  West 
Virginia,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1857,  in  Philippi,  W.  Va.  In  1878  he 
graduated  from  the  university  of  West  Virginia.  In  1879  he  was 
appointed  to  fill  out  an  unexpired  term  as  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Upshur  county,  W.  Va.,  and  was  elected  and  served  as  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Barbour  county  for  a  four-years'  term  in  1884- 
88.  He  was  a  memeber  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh  and  fifty-eighth  congresses  as  a  republican ;  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress,  but  resigned  in  March,  1905, 
to  accept  the  position  of  United  States  district  judge.  He  is  now 
United  States  district  judge  for  the  northern  district  of  West 
Virginia  for  the  term  of  1905-09 ;  and  resides  in  Philippi,  W.  Va. 

Dayton,  Charles  Willoughby,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  3, 
1846,  in  New  York  City.  He  was  educated  in  the  New  York  City 
schools ;  at  the  college  of  the  City  of  New  York ;  and  in  1868  he 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  Columbia  law  school. 
In  1868-1906  he  practiced  law.  In  1881  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  New  York  state  legislature;  and  in  1884  was  presidential 
elector  and  secretary  of  the  electoral  college  of  New  York.  In 
1884-88  and  1892  he  made  campaign  speeches  in  favor  of  Grover 
Cleveland  in  New  York  and  other  states ;  and  in  1893-97  was  post 
master  of  New  York  City.  In  1894  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  New 
York  state  constitutional  convention ;  and  in  1904  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  democratic  convention.  In  1882  he  founded  the 
Harlem  democratic  club.  In  1906  he  was  elected  a  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state  of  New  York  for  the  term  ending  1920. 

Deacon,  Edward,  business  man,  genealogist,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1839,  in  England.  He  descended  from  an  old  Bedforshire  family, 
founded  by  Richard  Decons,  secretary  to  Queen  Katherine  of 
Aragon  and  keeper  of  the  King's  Writs,  1460-1521.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Liverpool  college.  He  assisted  Russell  Sage  and  Alex 
ander  Mitchell  in  the  building  of  the  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railroad  in  1866-67.  He  was  elected  director  of  the  Consolidated 
rolling  stock  company  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  and  became  its 
secretary  and  superintendent  in  1886.  In  1891-98  he  was  treas 
ure  of  the  Fairfield  county  historical  society ;  and  a  trustee  of  the 
P.  T.  Barnum  institute  of  science  and  history  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Family  of  Meres  and  Some  Early  English 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  117 

Newspapers;  Ancestors  of  Rodman  Stoddard  of  Woodbury;  De 
scent  of  the  Family  of  Deacon  and  Allied  Families. 

Dean,  Bashford,  educator,  zoologist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1867,  in  New  York  City.  He  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.  and 
Ph.D.  from  Columbia  university  of  New  York  City.  He  is  curator 
of  fishes  and  reptiles  in  the  American  museum  of  natural  history ; 
a  member  of  the  advisory  board  of  the  New  York  aquarium ;  pro 
fessor  of  vertebrate  zoology  in  the  Columbia  university.  He 
is  the  author  of  Fishes  Living  and  Fossil;  Reports  in  the  United 
States  and  State  Fish  Commission  publications;  and  numerous 
Monographs  on  fossil  fishes  and  on  the  embryology  of  fishes. 

Dean,  Richard  Grain,  naval  officer,  was  born  May  27,  1833,  in 
Harrisburg,  Pa.  In  1856  he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  of 
the  United  State  navy.  In  1895  he  was  retired;  and  in  1906  was 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  rear-admiral. 

Dearth,  Elmer  H.,  journalist,  insurance  commissioner,  was 
born  June  6,  1859,  in  Sangerville,  Maine.  He  began  an  active  ca 
reer  in  the  newspaper  profession  with  The  Bangor  Daily  Whig 
and  Courier;  and  in  1883  became  connected  with  the  Pioneer 
Press  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  For  two  years  he  was  editor  and  busi 
ness  manager  of  The  Independent  of  Henderson;  and  for  four 
years  prior  to  1890  was  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  The  LeSueur 
News.  In  1889-92  he  was  deputy  insurance  commissioner  of  the 
state.  He  resigned  this  office  at  the  end  of  three  years  to  accept 
a  position  with  the  Equitable  life  assurance  society  of  New  York 
City,  N.Y.  In  1897  he  received  from  Governor  Clough  the  ap 
pointment  of  insurance  commissioner  of  Minnesota.  In  1898  he 
was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  National  association  of  in 
surance  commissioners. 

Decker,  David  Evans,  state  senator  of  Texas,  was  born  July 
9, 1866,  in  Henderson  county,  Tex.  He  was  educated  at  the  South 
western  university  of  Georgetown,  Tex.;  and  soon  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  has  been  county  attorney  of  Harde- 
man  county,  Tex. ;  district  attorney  of  the  forty-sixth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Texas;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a  representative 
in  the  Texas  state  legislature.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Texas  state 
senate  from  the  twenty-ninth  district;  and  resides  in  Quanah, 
Tex. 

Deemer,  Elias,  United  States  congressman  from  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1838,  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  After  receiving  his 
education  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  his  native 
county;  and  later  in  Philadelphia  until  the  civil  war  broke  out. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  E,  one  hundred  and 
fourth  Pennsylvania  volunteers;  and  served  in  the  peninsular 
campaign.  He  is  a  member  of  Reno  post  No.  64,  Grand  Army  of 


118  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  Republic ;  and  since  1868  has  been  a  resident  of  Williamsport, 
Pa.  He  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber,  employing  between 
five  hundred  and  seven  hundred  men  in  his  different  operations; 
and  since  1894  has  been  president  of  the  Williamsport  National 
Bank.  In  1888-90  he  was  president  of  the  common  council  of  his 
city ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh  and  fifty-eighth  congresses 
from  Pennsylvania  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty- 
ninth  congress  from  the  fifteenth  district  composed  of  the  four 
counties  of  Clinton,  Lycoming,  Potter  and  Tioga  for  the  term  of 
1905-07 ;  and  resides  in  Williamsport,  Pa. 

Deems,  Edward  Mark,  clergyman,  founder,  was  born  April  22, 
1852,  in  Greensboro,  N.C.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  Princeton 
university;  studied  two  years  in  the  Union  theological  semi 
nary;  and  in  1877  graduated  from  Princeton  seminary.  He  de 
voted  his  vacations  to  home  mission  work  in  Nevada  and  Colorado ; 
and  in  1877  became  pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  of  Long- 
mont,  Col.  In  1880-90  he  was  pastor  of  the  West-minister  pres 
byterian  church  of  New  York  City;  and  since  1890  has  been 
pastor  of  the  First  presbyterian  church  of  Hornell,  N.Y.  He  has 
made  two  voyages  to  Europe ;  for  nine  years  he  has  been  stated 
clerk  and  treasurer  of  the  Steuben  presbytery;  in  1877  was 
a  commissioner  to  the  general  assembly  from  the  New  York  pres 
bytery;  and  in  1897  from  the  Steuben  presbytery.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  a  biography  of  his  father,  entitled  The  Autobiography  and 
Memoirs  of  Charles  F.  Deems,  founder  and  pastor  of  the  Church 
of  Strangers  in  New  York  City,  and  founder  of  The  American  In 
stitute  of  Christian  Pholosophy ;  and  also  Holy  Days  and  Holidays ; 
and  other  works. 

Deering,  William,  manufacturer,  financier,  philanthropist,  was 
born  April  25,  1826,  in  Paris,  Oxford  county,  Maine.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Readfield  seminary.  Early  in  life  he  was  engaged  as  a 
woolen  manufacturer  in  Maine;  and  later  in  the  dry  goods  busi 
ness.  He  became  a  member  of  the  wholesale  and  commission  dry 
goods  house  of  Deering,  Millken  and  company  of  Portland,  Maine ; 
and  also  of  the  commission  house  of  the  same  name  of  New  York 
City.  In  1873  he  established  himself  in  the  harvester  business  at 
Piano,  111. ;  and  in  1880  removed  to  Chicago  and  built  a  larger 
plant  for  the  manufacture  of  grain,  grass  and  corn  harvesting 
machinery.  In  1894  the  old  firm  of  William  Deering  and  company 
took  out  a  charter  as  the  Deering  harvesting  company,  which  was 
conducted  by  himself  and  his  two  sons  and  a  son-in-law,  and  of 
which  corporation  he  was  president ;  but  he  had  now  retired  from 
active  business.  For  over  thirty  years  he  pioneered  most  of  the 
recent  improvements  in  automatic  grain  harvesting  machinery; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  119 

and  the  Deering  harvester  company  is  now  well-known  through 
out  the  civilized  world. 

Del  Mar,  Alexander,  journalist,  mining  engineer,  political  eco 
nomist,  author,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1836,  in  New  York  City.  He 
received  a  thorough  education  at  the  New  York  university  and 
other  institutions.  In  1854  he  edited  the  Daily  American  Times; 
and  he  edited  also  Hunt's  Merchant's  Magazine  in  I860;  edited 
the  Social  Science  Review  in  1864 ;  and  edited  the  Financial  Chroni 
cle  in  1865.  He  organized  and  was  director  in  1866-69  of  the 
United  States  bureau  of  statistics;  and  in  1876  was  mining  com 
missioner  to  the  United  States  monetary  commission.  He  has  been 
United  States  revenue  commissioner;  commissioner  to  Italy,  Hol 
land  and  Russia;  and  for  thirty  years  he  has  been  a  successful 
mining  engineer.  He  is  now  editor  of  the  Cambridge  Encyclo 
paedia.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Precious  Metals ;  His 
tory  of  Money  in  Ancient  States;  The  Law  of  Payment;  Politics 
of  Money ;  and  a  score  of  other  Monographs  and  historical  works. 

Demorest,  William  C.,  lawyer,  banker,  real  estate  expert,  was 
born  Aug.  2,  1859,  in  New  York  City.  In  1881  he  graduated  from 
Columbia  college  with  the  degree  of  B.A. ;  and  two  years  later 
the  degree  of  LL.B.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  that  institution. 
For  awhile  he  practiced  law;  but  subsequently  devoted  himself 
to  the  business  of  real  estate.  Since  1896  he  has  been  president 
of  Realty  trust  of  New  York  City.  He  is  a  director  and  member 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Fidelity  trust  company;  presi 
dent  of  the  Cleveland  baking  powder  company ;  and  a  director  of 
the  Royal  and  Price  baking  powder  companies,  and  of  the  Tartar 
chemical  company.  He  is  treasurer  and  director  of  the  State 
realty  and  mortgage  company;  treasurer  and  director  of  Demor 
est  and  Little,  incorporated;  and  trustee  of  the  Irving  savings 
institution.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  chamber  of  com 
merce  ;  a  member  of  the  New  York  bar  association ;  and  a  member 
of  the  Metropolitan  club  and  various  other  clubs  and  societies. 

Denegre,  Walter  Denis,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  June  17, 
1858,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  was  educated  at  the  Jesuits'  col 
lege  of  New  Orleans,  La. ;  studied  two  years  at  St.  Johns  college 
of  Fordham,  N.Y. ;  in  1879  graduated  from  Harvard ;  and  in  1881 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  Tulane  university.  He 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  1881.  In  1881  he  was  special  counsel 
for  the  United  States  before  the  French  and  American  claims 
commission.  He  was  a  leader  of  the  independent  democracy  in 
Louisiana ;  in  1896  was  a  candidate  for  United  States  senator ;  and 
it  was  claimed  he  was  elected.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
administrators  of  the  Tulane  university  educational  fund;  is  a 


120  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

member  of  the  Boston,  University,  Calumet,  Harvard  and  other 
clubs;  and  resides  in  Manchester,  Mass. 

Dennis,  Graham  Barclay,  journalist,  financial,  inventor,  was 
born  on  June  1,  1855,  in  London,  England.  He  was  educated  in 
the  Cincinnati  public  schools ;  and  in  Bethany  college.  In  1875-77 
he  was  city  editor  of  the  Dayton  Journal  of  Ohio;  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  was  made  manager.  In  1879-85  he  was  a  banker  and 
broker  of  Dayton,  Ohio ;  and  in  1880-85  also  published  the  Farmers ' 
Home.  In  1885-86  he  was  a  publisher  of  Spokane,  Wash.;  and 
ever  since  then  he  has  been  a  real  estate  and  mining  broker  of 
that  city.  In  1888-94  he  was  president  of  the  Ross  Park  electric 
railway ;  president  of  the  Old  Dominion  mining  and  milling  com 
pany;  president  of  Insurgent  gold  mining  company;  president 
of  the  Warehouse  and  realty  company  and  a  director  of  various 
other  corporations.  In  1904-07  he  was  chairman  of  the  publicity 
committee  of  Spokane,  Wash.  He  has  been  president  of  the  North 
western  publicity  league;  in  1888-90  was  chairman  of  the  city 
council ;  in  1888-90  was  also  chairman  of  the  school  board ;  and  in 
1889  was  vice-president  of  the  Northwest  industrial  exposition. 
In  1894-1900  he  was  president  of  the  Northwest  mining  asso 
ciation  ;  and  is  a  director  of  the  Exchange  national  bank. 

Denney,  William  D.,  treasurer  republican  state  committee  of 
Delaware,  was  born  March  31,  1873,  in  Dover,  Del.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  studied  at  the  Wil 
mington  conference  academy  and  at  the  business  college.  In  1904- 
06  he  was  a  representative  and  speaker  in  the  Delaware  house 
of  representatives.  For  three  terms  he  was  secretary  of  the  re 
publican  state  committee  of  Delaware;  and  for  three  terms  was 
a  member  of  the  Kent  county  republican  committee  of  Delaware. 
He  is  now  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Delaware  fire  insurance 
company ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  Dover,  Del.  He  is  colonel  on  the  staff  of  Governor 
Preston  Lee  of  Delaware ;  secretary  to  United  States  Senator  H. 
A.  Richardson ;  treasurer  republican  state  committee  of  Delaware 
and  resides  in  Dover,  Del.  He  was  a  prominent  factor  in  the 
election  of  United  States  Senator  H.  A.  Du  Pont ;  and  also  in  the 
election  of  Hon.  H.  A.  Richardson,  United  States  senator  from 
Delaware. 

Denny,  James  W.,  lawyer,  soldier,  congressman,  was  born  in 
Frederick  country,  Virginia.  Enlisted  when  the  civil  war  began  in 
the  thirty-ninth  Virginia  battalion  of  cavalry.  In  1863  was  assigned 
to  duty  at  General  R.  E.  Lee's  headquarters  in  the  Judge  Advocate 
General  Department,  and  surrendered  with  the  Army  of  Northern, 
Va.,  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  on  the  9th  of  April,  1865.  He 
graduated  after  the  war  in  Judge  Parker's  law  School  in  Win- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  121 

Chester,  Va.,  and  removed  to  Baltimore  where  has  since  been  en 
gaged  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  served  the 
city  of  Baltimore  in  various  public  trusts — a  member  of  the 
school  board;  president  of  the  first  branch  of  the  city  council 
in  1882;  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1888;  and  a  democratic 
representative  in  the  fifty-sixth  congress  from  the  fourth  congres 
sional  district  of  Maryland  in  1900;  and  again  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth  congress  in  1904. 

Dent,  Albert  Tatum,  state  senator  of  Mississippi,  was  born 
March  25,  1863,  near  Macon,  Miss.  He  was  educated  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Mississippi;  and  soon  attained  success  at  the  bar.  He 
has  been  mayor  of  Macon;  a  trustee  of  Mississippi  agricultural 
and  mechanical  college;  chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of 
that  board;  and  a  member  of  the  executive  committee.  He  is 
a  zealous  advocate  of  better  schools  for  the  masses.  In  1900  he 
was  elected  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  in  the  Mississippi  state  leg 
islature  from  Noxubee  county,  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term; 
and  resides  in  Macon,  Miss. 

Depew,  Chauncey  Mitchell,  lawyer,  orator,  railroad  president, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  April  23,  1834,  in  Peekskill,  N.Y. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  legislature;  was 
re-elected;  and  he  became  the  secretary  of  state.  In  1875  he  be 
came  counsel  of  the  Vanderbilt  railway  system;  and  subsequently 
its  president.  He  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  President  in  the 
national  republican  convention  of  1888.  1899  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1911. 
He  is  the  author  of  two  works  entitled  Orations  and  After-Dinner 
Speeches;  and  Later  Speeches.  In  1885  he  became  president  of 
the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  railroad. 

Derby,  Roswell,  lawyer,  horticulturist,  poet,  was  born  Feb.  4, 
1854,  in  Fulton  county,  Ohio.  For  five  years  he  was  secretary  and 
attorney  for  the  People 's  mutual  life  insurance  company  of  Wake- 
man,  Ohio.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  seed  growing  at 
Florence,  Ohio;  and  also  as  a  successful  manufacturer  of  maple 
syrup.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  a  successful  lawyer,  and 
has  a  lucrative  practice  in  his  state.  He  has  contributed  ex 
tensively  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical  press;  and  many 
of  his  poems  have  been  incorporated  into  Poets  of  America,  and 
standard  works. 

De  Young,  Michel  Harry,  journalist,  publisher,  was  born  Oct. 
1,  1848,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  California.  In  1865  became  associated  with  his  brother,  late 
Chas.  De.  Young,  in  establishing  the  Dramatic  Chronicle,  which 
afterward  developed  into  the  great  San  Francisco  Chronicle.  Upon 
his  brother's  death  in  1880  he  became  editor-in-chief  and  sole 


122  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

proprietor.  He  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  republican  party  in  his 
state  and  nation ;  was  twice  a  member  of  the  national  republican 
committee;  and  for  one  term  was  its  vice-chairman.  In  1888 
and  in  1892  was  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  national  republican  con 
ventions  ;  and  in  1908  was  chairman  of  the  California  delegation. 
Since  1889  he  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  creation  and  man 
agement  of  international  expositions  as  commissioner  and  as  vice- 
president  from  his  state.  In  1893  he  was  president  of  the  Inter 
national  league  of  press  clubs;  since  1882  has  been  a  director  of 
the  Associate  press;  is  president  of  the  Union  league  club;  and 
a  member  of  various  other  clubs  and  societies  in  his  city,  state  and 
nation. 

Dick,  Samuel  Bernard,  soldier,  railroad  president,  congress 
man,  was  born  Oct.  26,  1836,  in  Meadville,  Pa.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Allegheny  college.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  colonel 
ninth  Pennsylvania  regiment  volunteers ;  and  then  in  1864  was  a 
presidential  elector.  Was  mayor  of  his  native  city  in  1870;  and 
commanded  a  brigade  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  militia  in  West 
Virginia  in  1863.  In  1879-81  he  was  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  forty-sixth  congress;  and  during  1890-1900  was 
president  Pittsburg,  Shenango  and  Lake  Erie  railroad. 

Dick,  Samuel  Medary,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  April  4,' 
1857,  in  Pickaway  county,  Ohio.  In  1887  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university;  subsequently 
received  the  degree  of  A.M. ;  and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  university  of  Michigan.  In  1891  he  won  the  Shearman 
prize  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  given  by  the  American 
economic  association  for  the  best  essay  on  state  and  local  tax 
ation  of  real  estate  and  personal  property  in  the  United  States. 
He  is  pastor  of  the  Wesley  methodist  episcopal  church  at  Minne 
apolis,  Minn. ;  and  in  1901  was  a  delegate  to  the  ecumenical  con 
ference  of  methodism  held  in  London.  He  is  the  author  of  Short 
Talks  on  Our  National  Flag;  The  Principles  of  Synthetic  Unity 
in  Berkely  and  Kant;  and  other  works. 

Dickenson,  John  T.,  judge  Taney  county  probate  court  of  Mis 
souri,  was  born  March  7,  1845,  in  Stafford,  England.  He  was 'edu 
cated  at  the  Eccleshall  grammar  school,  and  graduated  under  an 
Oxford  M.A.  He  succeded  to  his  father's  business  of  hardware 
merchant  at  Stafford,  of  which  city  his  father  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  mayor.  In  1869  he  moved  to  London;  and  ten  years 
later  emigrated  to  New  York  city.  In  1881  he  settled  in  Taney 
county,  Mo. ;  and  soon  attained  success  as  a  general  merchant.  He 
was  public  administrator  of  Taney  county  for  three  terms;  and 
postmaster  for  sixteen  years;  and  has  filled  various  other  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor  in  the  gift  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  123 

Since  1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  probate  court  for  Taney 
county,  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1907-10;  and  re 
sides  in  Dickens,  Mo. 

Dicker-man,  Charles  Heber,  educator,  manufacturer,  banker, 
congressman,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1843,  in  Harford,  Pa.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Harford  university.  He  taught 
school  for  several  years ;  he  was  a  bookkeeper  for  awhile ;  and 
was  then  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1868-80  he  was  general  manager 
of  the  Chapman  slate  company,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  In  1880  he  became 
the  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  car  building  firm  of  Murray, 
Dougal  and  company  of  Milton,  Pa.,  which  company  was  absorbed 
by  another  corporation.  For  many  years  he  was  a  director  of  the 
second  national  bank  of  Mauch  Chunk,  the  Lehigh  valley  national 
bank  and  other  corporations ;  and  since  1897  has  been  'president 
of  the  First  national  bank  of  Milton,  Pa.  For  three  years  he 
was  chairman  of  the  democratic  county  committee ;  and  in  1892 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic  convention.  In  1903- 
05  he  was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  fifty-eighth 
congress  as  a  democrat;  and  served  on  several  important  com 
mittees. 

Dickie,  George  William,  manufacturer,  author,  was  born  July 
17,  1844,  in  Scotland.  He  took  a  prominent  part  on  steamship 
work  on  the  Pacific  coast;  also  in  designing  machinery  for  the 
Comstock  mines.  In  1883-1905  he  was  manager  of  the  Union  iron 
works  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  was  president  and  is  a  life  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  technical  society  of  the  Pacific  coast;  is 
a  member  and  trustee  of  the  California  academy  of  sciences;  is 
a  member  of  the  council  of  the  society  of  naval  architects  and 
marine  engineers;  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  council  of  the 
American  society  of  mechanical  engineers.  He  is  the  author  of 
Pumping  and  Hoisting  Works ;  and  numerous  papers  before  tech 
nical  societies. 

Dickie,  Samuel,  astronomer,  prohibitionist,  college  president, 
was  born  June  6,  1851,  in  Oxford  county,  Canada.  In  1872  he 
graduated  from  Albion  college  of  Michigan  with  the  degrees  of 
M.S.  and  LL.D.  In  1877-78  he  was  professor  of  astronomy  at 
Albion  college ;  and  in  1877-87  was  engaged  in  business.  In  1896- 
97  he  was  mayor  of  Albion,  Mich.  In  1892,  1896,  1900  and  1904 
he  was  a  lay  delegate  to  the  general  conference  of  the  methodist 
episcopal  church.  In  1887-1900  he  was  vice-president  and  since 
1900  has  been  president  of  the  national  prohibition  committee. 
In  1886  he  was  prohibition  candidate  for  governor  of  Michigan. 
Since  1901  he  has  been  president  of  Albion  college. 

Dickinson,  Marquis  Fayette,  educator,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  16,  1840,  in  Amherst,  Mass.  He  is  descended  from  Nathaniel 


124  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Dickinson,  one  of  the  Winthrop  colony  of  1630,  who  settled 
Weathersfield,  Conn.,  and  in  1658  was  one  of  the  adventurers  who 
founded  the  town  of  Hadley,  Mass.  He  was  a  teacher  of  classics 
in  the  Williston  seminary  during  1862-65.  He  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  Nashawannuck  manufacturing  company,  and  a  di 
rector  of  the  Williston  mills,  both  of  Easthampton,  Mass. ;  and 
president  of  the  Whitcomb  envelope  company.  He  is  now  a  noted 
lawyer  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  president  of  the  Boston  common 
council  in  1872.  He  is  the  author  of  Legislation  on  the  Hours  of 
Labor;  and  Amherst  Centennial  Address. 

Diefendorf,  Allen  Ross,  physician,  author,  was  born  Dec.  21, 
1871,  in  Savannah,  N.Y.  Since  1896  he  has  practiced  medicine; 
and  is  now  lecturer  in  psychiatry  at  Yale  university.  He  is  the 
author  of  Clinical  psychiatry. 

Diefendorf,  Warren  T.,  merchant,  insurance  manager,  was  born 
March  8,  1860,  in  Sharon  Springs,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the 
high  school  at  Canajoharie,  N.Y. ;  and  at  the  Fort  Plain  seminary, 
N.Y.  He  became  part  owner  in  a  dry  goods  store,  organized  the 
Garment  manufacturing  company ;  and  in  1887  retired  from  mer 
cantile  pursuits  to  enter  the  insurance  field  as  special  agent  of 
the  Mutual  life  insurance  company  of  New  York.  In  that  capacity 
he  has  traveled  in  various  states;  and  since  1889  has  been  man 
ager  of  the  Brooklyn  and  Long  Island  agency  of  the  company. 
He  is  a  director  of  the  Borough  bank  of  Brooklyn;  is  a  director 
of  the  Kings  county  mortgage  company;  and  a  director  in  vari 
ous  other  corporations. 

Diggs,  James  R.  L.,  president  state  university  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  November,  1867,  in  Upper  Marlboro,  Md.  He  was 
educated  at  Wayland  seminary  of  Washington,  D.C. ;  attended 
Bucknell  university,  Cornell  university  and  Illinois  Wesleyan  uni 
versity.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  an  educator  and  minister. 
In  1886-90  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  Maryland; 
and  in  1890-94  was  instructor  in  Wayland  seminary  of  Washing 
ton,  D.C.  In  1898-1906  he  was  professor  of  Latin  and  instructor 
in  philosophy  at  the  Virginia  union  university  of  Richmond,  Va. 
In  1905-07  he  was  state  secretary  of  the  Niagara  movement  for 
Virginia;  and  since  1907  state  secretary  of  the  movement  for 
Kentucky.  Since  1906  he  has  been  president  of  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Kentucky ;  and  resides  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

Dillingham,  John  Hoag,  educator,  author,  was  born  June  1, 
1839,  in  West  Falmouth,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  the  Lawrence 
academy  of  Falmouth;  and  in  1862  he  graduated  from  Harvard 
college.  In  1865-78  he  was  professor  of  moral  and  political  science 
at  the  Haverford  college  of  Pennsylvania;  and  he  since  1878  has 
been  a  teacher  in  the  Friends'  select  school  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  125 

In  1881-98  he  was  librarian  of  the  Friends'  library;  and  also 
custodian  of  records.  Since  1898  he  has  been  editor  of  the  Friend 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  has  held  numerous  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor. 

Dillon,  John  Forrest,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  on  Dec. 
25,  1831,  in  Washington  county,  N.Y.  In  1858-66  he  was  judge 
of  the  seventh  judicial  district  of  Iowa ;  in  1864-68  was  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa ;  in  1868  became  chief  justice ; 
and  in  1869  was  commissioned  United  States  circuit  judge  for 
the  eighth  judicial  circuit.  Since  1879  he  has  resided  in  New 
York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  United  States  Circuit  Court 
Reports;  Municipal  Corporations;  Removal  of  Causes  from  State 
to  Federal  Courts ;  Municipal  Bonds ;  and  Laws  and  Jurisprudence 
of  England  and  America. 

Dixon,  George  William,  state  senator  of  Illinois,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  the 
West  Division  high  school  of  Chicago;  in  1889  graduated  with 
degree  of  A.B.  from  the  Northwestern  university;  and  in  1892 
received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  law  school  of  that  great 
institution  of  learning.  For  five  years  he  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  but  is  now  connected  with  the  Arthur  Dixon 
transfer  company  of  Chicago  as  secretary  and  treasurer.  He 
is  colonel  in  the  Illinois  national  guard ;  and  was  a  member  on  the 
staff  of  Governor  Richard  Yates  with  rank  of  colonel.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  state  senate  for  the  first  and  second  wards 
of  Chicago;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

Dixon,  James  Main,  educator,  author,  was  born  in  1856 
in  Scotland.  He  has  been  a  professor  of  English  literature  in 
the  University  of  Southern  California,  Los  Angeles,  since  1905. 
and  is  the  author  of  A  Dictionary  of  Idiomatic  English  Phrases, 
Matthew  Arnold  as  a  Christian  Poet,  etc. 

Dixon,  Samuel  Gibson,  president  of  Academy  of  Natural 
S^ences  of  Philadelphia,  was  born  March  23, 1851,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  Mantua  academy  and  from  the  Mer 
cantile  college;  in  1877  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  in  1886 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
1880  he  became  professor  of  bacteriology  and  microscopical  tech 
nology  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia ;  was 
made  curator  in  1891 ;  executive  curator  in  1892 ;  and  president  in 
1896.  In  1898  he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  public  education 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Ludwick  in 
stitute  of  Philadelphia ;  vice-president  of  the  anti-tuberculosis  so 
ciety  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  a  member  of  the  American  philosophical 
society  and  various  other  medical  and  scientific  associations.  He 
is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Geographical  society  of  Philadelphia. 


126  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Since  1896  he  has  been  president  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  since  1905  has  been  commis 
sioner  of  health  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  resides  in  Ardmore,  Pa. 

Dodge,  Melvin  Gilbert,  librarian,  editor,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
17,  1868,  in  Rodman,  N.Y.  In  1890  he  graduated  from  Hamilton 
college;  and  in  1894  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that  in 
stitution  of  learning.  In  1891-1901  he  was  librarian  of  Hamilton 
college;  and  since  1901  has  been  associate  librarian  of  the  Stan 
ford  university  of  California.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
library  association.  He  is  the  editor  of  Fifty  Years  Ago ;  compiled 
Class  of  1890,  Hamilton  College;  and  was  also  editor-in-chief  of 
The  Delta  Upsilum  Decennial  Catalogue. 

Dole,  Nathan  Haskell,  author,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1852, 
in  Chelsea,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Score  of  Famous  Com 
posers  ;  The  Hawthorn  Tree  and  Other  Poems ;  Not  Angels  Quite ; 
History  of  the  Turko-Russian  War  of  1877-1878 ;  On  the  Point,  a 
Summer  Idyl;  Flowers  from  Foreign  Gardens;  Omar,  the  Tent- 
maker  ;  Tale  of  Old  Persia ;  Mistakes  We  Make ;  and  other  works. 

Dolge,  Alfred,  manufacturer,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1848,  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  now  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Alfred  Dolge  and  son ; 
a  partner  in  C.  F.  Zimmerman  and  company,  manufacturers  of 
autoharps;  and  Daniel  Green  and  company.  He  is  second  vice- 
president  of  The  Little  Falls  and  Dolgeville  railroad ;  and  in  New 
York  City  is  trustee  of  the  German  savings  bank.  The  village 
of  Dolgeville,  founded  by  him,  has  become  the  model  industrial 
town  of  America. 

Donovan,  Dennis  D.,  educator,  merchant,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  31,  1859,  near  Texas,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  Northern 
Indiana  normal  school  of  Valparaiso,  Ind. ;  he  taught  school  for 
three  years ;  and  then  engaged  in  mercantile  and  timber  business. 
He  was  appointed  the  postmaster  at  Deshler  by  President  Cleve 
land,  which  position  he  resigned  when  elected  to  the  legislature 
from  Henry  county  in  1887;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  legis 
lature  in  1889.  In  1891-95  he  was  a  representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

Donovan,  Joseph  M.,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  April  28,  1866, 
in  Littleton,  N.H.  He  graduated  from  the  Georgetown  Univer 
sity,  Washington,  D.C.,  with  the  degree  of  A.M.,  and  from  the 
Law  Department  same  institution  in  1889  with  the  degree  of  LL.B. 
He  at  once  took  up  the  practice  of  law  in  Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  where 
he  has  attained  distinction  as  an  able  lawyer.  He  is  the  author 
of  Marriage  and  Divorce;  Domestic  Relations;  Domicile;  and 
other  legal  works. 

Dortch,  Elam  Sparks,  state  senator  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Sept. 
15,  1841,  in  Claiborne  county,  Miss.  He  graduated  from  Minden 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  127 

college  of  Louisiana.  He  is  a  successful  cotton  planter  of  Taylor- 
town,  La. ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  that  city.  He  has  been  president  of  the  police  jury;  a 
justice  of  the  peace ;  and  for  twenty  years  a  member  of  the  school 
board  for  Bosier  Parish.  Since  1900  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Louisiana  state  senate  for  the  twenty-third  district,  and  was 
re-elected  for  second  term;  and  resides  in  Taylortown,  La. 

Dougherty,  Hugh,  banker,  statesman,  was  born  July  28,  1844, 
in  Darke  county,  Ohio.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the 
civil  war,  enlisting  as  a  member  of  company  F,  ninety-fourth  reg 
iment  of  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  He  was  made  prisoner  of  war, 
and  sent  to  Camp  Chase,  Ohio,  until  his  exchange.  After  his 
military  career  he  entered  business  pursuits;  became  assistant 
cashier  in  the  First  national  bank  of  Bluffton,  of  which  his  uncle, 
John  Studabaker,  was  president.  The  title  of  this  bank  was  sub 
sequently  changed  to  the  Studabaker  bank,  of  which  institution 
Mr.  Dougherty  has  been  president  since  1895.  He  was  largely 
instrumental  in  the  building  of  several  railroads,  and  has  been 
active  and  liberal  in  the  promotion  of  all  material  interests  in 
his  city  and  county,  and  has  been  equally  conspicuous  in  advancing 
the  cause  of  education  and  morality.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
to  the  Indiana  state  senate;  and  served  with  distinction  in  that 
body.  In  1878  he  was  a  candidate  for  congress ;  and  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  democratic  national  convention  in  1884  and  again  in 
1892. 

Douglas,  Edward  Morehouse,  topographic  engineer  United 
States  geological  survey,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1855,  in  Saratoga 
Springs,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  Cambridge  college  of  New 
York;  and  is  a  civil  and  topographic  engineer  by  profession.  He 
has  been  assistant  engineer  to  the  Erie  railroad  topographer ;  and 
in  1882-97  was  on  the  United  States  geological  survey.  Since  1897 
he  has  been  the  geographer  and  chief  of  United  States  geological 
survey;  and  resides  in  Takoma  Park,  D.C. 

Douglas,  William  Lewis,  manufacturer,  governor,  was  born 
Aug.  22,  1845,  in  Plymouth,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Massachusetts.  He  learned  the  trade  of  bootmaking 
at  Hopkinton  and  South  Braintree,  Mass.;  in  1869  he  began  the 
manufacture  of  shoes  with  a  small  shop;  and  is  now  the  owner 
of  two  factories  and  of  seventy-five  retail  stores  in  the  large  cities 
of  the  United  States.  In  1883-84  he  was  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  house  of  representatives;  and  in  1886-87  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.  In  1891  he  was  mayor  of  Brockton,  Mass. 
In  1905-06  he  was  governor  of  Massachusetts.  In  1884,  1892,  1896 
and  1904  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic  conventions. 

Drayton,  Henry  Sinclair,  physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  16, 


128  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1840,  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.  In  1861-64  he  practiced  law  in  New 
York;  and  in  1877  was  graduated  from  the  New  York  Electric 
Medical  College;  and  practiced  medicine  successfully  in  New 
York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  Brain  and  Mind ;  Light  and  Dark 
Places;  Studies  of  Mind  and  Character;  Human  Magnetism; 
Oudemon,  and  other  books. 

Dresser,  Horatio  Willis,  journalist,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1866,  in  Yarmouth,  Maine.  In  1899  he  was  associate 
editor  of  the  Arena  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  since  1893  has  been  a 
lecturer  on  practical  philosophy,  and  assistant  in  philosophy, 
Harvard  University  since  1903.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Power  of 
Silence ;  The  Perfect  Whole ;  The  Heart  of  It ;  In  Search  of  a  Soul ; 
Voices  of  Hope ;  and  Methods  and  Problems  of  Spiritual  Healing ; 
Voices  of  Freedom ;  Living  by  the  Spirit ;  The  Christ  Ideal ;  Edu 
cation  and  the  Philosophical  Ideal ;  Man  and  the  Divine  Order ;  A 
Book  of  Secrets ;  The  Greatest  Truth ;  The  Philosophy  of  the  Spirit ; 
A  Physician  to  the  Soul ;  A  Message  to  the  Well. 

Drury  John  Benjamin,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1838,  in  Rhinebeck,  N.Y.  He  attended  the  Rhinebeck 
academy,  Rutgers  college  and  the  New  Brunswick  theological 
seminary ;  and  has  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  general  synod  of  the  reformed  church  of  America ;  was 
Vedder  lecturer  in  1883;  and  since  1887  he  has  been  editor  of 
Christian  Intelligencer  of  New  York  City.  He  is  the  author  of 
Historical  Sketch  of  the  First  Reformed  Church  of  Ghent ;  His 
torical  Sketch  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  at  Rhinebeck,  N.Y. ; 
Truths  and  Untruths  of  Evolution ;  and  other  works. 

Duane,  Alexander,  physician,  author,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1858, 
in  Malone,  N.Y.  Since  1881  he  has  practiced  his  profession  in 
New  York  City.  During  the  Spanish- American  war  he  served 
as  lieutenant  in  the  United  States  navy,  in  charge  of  the  second 
district  coast  signal  service.  He  is  the  author  of  Student's  Medi 
cal  Dictionary;  Rules  for  Signaling  on  Land  and  Sea;  and  is 
editor  and  translator  of  Fuchs'  Textbook  of  Ophthalmology. 

Dudley,  James  Benson,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  2,  1859,  in  Wilmington,  N.C.  In  1880-96  he  was  principal  of 
the  Peabody  school  at  Wilmington,  N.C.  Since  1898  he  has  been 
president  of  the  agricultural  and  mechanical  college  at  Greenboro, 
N.C. 

Dudley,  James  G.,  lawyer,  politician,  orator,  was  born  April 
8.  1848,  in  Hannibal,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  attained  distinction  as  a  profound  law 
yer  and  a  successful  advocate ;  and  has  been  counsel  in  the  lead 
ing  civil  and  criminal  cases  in  Texas,  in  which  state  he  has  a  law 
office  in  Paris.  He  has  filled  all  the  political  offices  of  honor  in 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  129 

the  democratic  party  of  his  state ;  and  as  a  platform  speaker  and 
orator  has  gained  a  national  reputation.  In  1896-1900  he  was  a 
member  of  the  national  democratic  committee;  and  in  1908  waa 
a  delegate  to  the  Denver  convention.  In  1909  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  board  to  revise,  codify  and  annotate  the  laws  of 
the  state  of  Texas. 

Dulin,  George  Dexter,  state  representative  of  Colorado,  was 
born  Dec.  13,  1865,  in  Scott  county,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  at 
the  William  Jewell  college  and  at  the  university  of  Missouri; 
and  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Beaumont  medical  college 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  has  been  county  physician;  and  served  as  mayor  of 
Las  Animas,  Colo.  Since  1902  he  has  been  a  representative  in 
the  Colorado  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Las  Animas,  Colo. 

Du  Mazuel,  Edmond  G.  P.  R.,  consulting  engineer,  was  born 
in  1876  in  Paris,  France.  Since  1902  he  has  been  engaged  in 
New  York  City,  doing  private  bridge  work ;  was  engaged  on  topo 
graphical  work  on  Long  Island ;  and  was  chief  of  the  engineering 
department  of  the  Iroquois  construction  company  and  of  the 
Niagara,  Lockport  and  Ontario  power  company.  He  became  one 
of  the  promoters  of  the  Consolidated  engineering  company  of 
America,  of  which  he  has  been  president  since  1906.  He  was  the 
designer,  architect  and  engineer  of  the  St.  Edmund 's  church  of 
New  York  city,  the  first  reenforced-concrete  church  in  America. 

Dumont,  Charles  Walter,  law  publisher,  was  born  in  1860  in 
Juneau,  Wis.  He  was  educated  at  the  university  of  Wisconsin; 
and  for  six  years  was  principal  and  superintendent  of  various  pub 
lic  high  schools  in  Wisconsin.  He  is  now  president  and  manager 
of  the  American  law  book  company  of  New  York  City.  He  was 
the  originator  of  the  idea  of  the  Cyclopedia  of  Law  and  Procedure 
Cyc,  a  forty- volume  work.  He  has  visited  most  of  the  European 
countries;  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  athletic  and  Northport 
yacht  clubs;  and  a  member  of  the  Empire  state  society  sons  of 
the  American  revolution. 

Duncanson,  Henry  Bruce,  educator,  biologist,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1860,  in  Scotland  county,  Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Ohio  and  Nebraska;  and  attended  the  state  nor 
mal  school  of  Nebraska;  studied  in  the  Nebraska  state  univer 
sity;  and  also  attended  the  university  of  Leipzig.  For  two  years 
he  was  instructor  in  the  Nebraska  state  university;  and  for  seven 
teen  years  he  has  been  professor  of  biology  at  the  Nebraska  state 
normal  school.  He  is  the  author  of  Suggestive  Lessons  in  Elemen 
tary  Zoology;  and  other  works. 

Dunham,  William  Russell,  physician,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15, 
1832,  in  Chesterfield,  N.H.  Was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 


130  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

schools  of  New  England ;  and  attended  Berkshire  medical  college ; 
in  1865  graduated  from  the  medical  school  of  Harvard  university. 
Until  1876  he  practiced  medicine  at  Westmoreland,  N.H. ;  and 
since  then  at  Keene,  N.H.,  but  has  now  retired  from  active  practice. 
He  is  versed  in  astronomy;  and  has  invented  ingenious  astro 
nomical  apparatus.  For  four  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  ex 
amining  board  of  military  surgeons  for  pensions;  and  has  filled 
various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  the  author  of 
Theory  of  Medical  Science ;  and  many  valuable  medical  pamphlets. 

Dunlap,  Henry  M.,  state  senator  of  Illinois,  was  born  Nov.  14, 
1853,  in  Cook  county,  111.  For  twelve  years  he  was  either  sec 
retary  or  president  of  the  Illinois  state  horticultural  society ;  and 
has  been  president  of  the  American  Apple  growers'  congress  since 
its  organization  in  1902.  He  is  proprietor  of  the  Rural  Home 
fruit  farm  of  Savoy,  111.;  president  of  the  Illinois  orchard  com 
pany,  which  operates  twelve  hundred  acres  in  orchards  in  four 
counties  of  Illinois.  He  is  a  well-known  grower,  packer  and 
shipper  of  apples  of  Illinois  at  Savoy ;  and  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 
Since  1892  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  senate  for 
the  counties  of  Champaign,  Moultrie  and  Piatt ;  and  was  re-elected 
to  his  fourth  and  fifth  terms;  and  resides  near  Savoy,  111. 

Dunlap,  Mrs.  Nora  Hurt,  wife  of  state  senator  Henry  M.  Dunlap 
of  Savoy,  111.,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1856,  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio. 
She  graduated  from  the  high  school;  and  for  two  years  attended 
the  university  of  Illinois.  For  ten  years  she  has  appeared  before 
the  state  federation  of  women's  clubs,  state  and  county  farm 
ers'  institutes  and  boards  of  education;  and  is  a  noted  lecturer 
on  household  science  and  domestic  economy. 

Dunn,  James  H.,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  May  29,  1853, 
in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  In  1871  he  graduated  from  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  New  York  City;  and  took  a  two 
years,  post-graduate  study  at  Heidelberg  and  Vienna.  He  has 
been  professor  of  clinical  surgery  in  the  medical  department  of 
the  university  of  Minnesota;  surgeon  to  St.  Mary's  hospital  of 
Minneapolis;  to  the  city  hospital;  the  Asbury  Methodist  hospital, 
and  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Great  northern  railroad  company. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Minnesota  state  medical  association. 

Dunnell,  William  Nichols,  clergyman,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1825, 
in  New  York  City.  In  1859-71  he  was  rector  of  Trinity  church 
of  Red  Bank,  N.J. ;  and  since  1871  has  been  rector  of  All  Sants' 
church  of  New  York  City.  For  the  past  twenty-five  years  he  has 
been  chaplain  of  the  twenty-second  regiment  New  York  national 
guard;  and  has  filled  various  other  offices.  For  nearly  half  a 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  131 

century  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  ministry;  and  has 
published  sermons  and  contributed  to  religious  literature. 

Dunscomb,  Samuel  Whitney,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Jan.  11, 
1868,  in  New  York  City.  In  1888  he  graduated  from  the  col 
lege  City  of  New  York;  and  was  valedictorian  of  his  class  .  He 
also  graduated  from  the  Columbia  university;  and  received  the 
degrees  of  A.M.,  LL.B.  and  Ph.D.  from  that  institution  of  learn 
ing.  In  1890-93  he  was  S'eligman  fellow  in  political  science  and 
a  student  in  the  school  of  law  in  Columbia  university ;  and  gradu 
ated  from  both  institutions  of  learning.  Since  1893  he  has  been 
in  general  practice  in  corporation  and  commercial  law;  and  in 
1899  was  an  attorney  in  the  law  department  of  the  Title  guaran 
tee  and  trust  company  of  New  York  City.  He  resides  in  Yonkers, 
N. Y.  ]  and  maintains  a  law  office  in  New  York  City.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  bar  association,  the  American  academy  of 
political  and  social  science,  the  American  geographical  society, 
American  numismatic  society;  and  various  other  scientific  asso 
ciations.  He  is  the  author  of  Bankruptcy,  a  Study  in  Com 
parative  Legislation ;  and  is  a  contributor  to  legal  and  economical 
journals. 

Dunton,  Minnie  Priest,  librarian  of  the  state  of  Idaho.  Since 
1907  she  has  been  state  librarian  for  the  state  of  Idaho;  and  re 
sides  in  Boise,  Idaho. 

Dunwell,  Charles  Tappan,  United  States  congressman  from 
New  York,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1852,  in  Newark,  Wayne  county, 
N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Lyons  Union  school;  Cornell  univer 
sity  and  Columbia  college  law  school.  He  practiced  law  for 
many  years  in  New  York  city;  became  general  agent  for  the 
New  York  life  insurance  company  in  1889 ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  republican  state  committee  in  1891-92.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  congresses  from  New 
^Tork  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress 
from  the  third  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and 
resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Du  Pont,  Henry  Algernon,  soldier,  railroad  president,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  30,  1838,  in  Wilmington,  Del.  He 
served  through  the  civil  war ;  and  received  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel.  In  1879  he  became  president  of  the  Wilmington  and 
northern  railroad  company.  In  1905-11  he  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  senate. 

Dustin,  William  G.,  postmaster  of  Dwight,  111. ;  was  born  June 
7,  1850,  in  Corinth,  Vt.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  Star  and  Herald 
and  also  the  Banner,  the  official  organ  of  Sons  of  Veterans,  U. 
S.  A.,  of  Dwight,  111. ;  is  prominent  in  republican  politics ;  and  was 
a  delegate  to  the  state  conventions  of  1892,  1896  and  1904.  In 


132  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1896  he  was  elected  commander  of  the  Illinois  division  sons  of 
veterans;  and  in  1904  was  elected  national  commander  of  the 
Sons  of  Veterans.  He  has  served  eight  years  as  postmaster  of 
Dwight,  and  is  now  serving  his  third  term  of  1905-09;  and  re 
sides  in  Dwight,  111. 

Button,  William  Jay,  insurance  president,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1847,  in  Bangor,  Maine.  In  1867  he  became  connected  with  the 
marine  department  of  the  Fireman's  fund  insurance  company  of 
San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  and  since  1900  has  been  its  president. 

D'Vys,  George  Whitefield,  author,  poet,  was  born  March  16, 
1860,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  Emerson  school 
and  the  Boston  latin  school.  He  has  been  engaged  in  educational 
and  mercantile  pursuits;  and  since  1900  has  been  engaged  in 
newspaper  work  and  literature.  He  is  the  author  of  nearly  five 
hundred  short  stories  mostly  for  boys,  and  chiefly  salt  sea  yarns. 
He  is  also  the  author  of  the  well-known  epic  entitled  Casey  at 
the  Bat.  He  is  the  author  of  Runt  Osgood,  a  tale  of  adventure ; 
The  Fiji's  Mate;  and  other  works. 

Dwyer,  Jeremiah,  manufacturer,  founder,  was  born  Aug.  22, 
1838,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Dertoit,  Mich.  Then  he  learned  the  foundry  trade ;  and  worked 
in  several  shops  with  his  brother.  In  1861  he  organized  the  firm 
of  J.  Dwyer  and  son,  which  became  the  Detroit  stove  works.  In 
1869  he  sold  his  interests;  and  in  1871  established  the  Michigan 
stove  works,  of  which  he  is  still  president.  He  is  a  director  of 
the  Buck  stove  and  range  company ;  a  director  of  the  Ideal  manu 
facturing  company;  and  a  director  of  the  People's  savings  bank 
of  Detroit,  Mich. 

Dyatt,  Hugh,  miner,  founder,  statesman,  was  born  July  19, 
1850,  in  Ireland.  His  early  days  were  spent  in  agricultural  pur 
suits;  and  in  1877  moved  to  Colorado,  where  he  has  since  been 
principally  engaged  in  mining.  In  1892  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  ninth  general  assembly  of  the  state  of  Colorado,  receiving 
the  unanimous  nomination  of  both  republican  and  populist  con 
ventions.  He  is  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  and  takes  advanced 
ground  in  all  public  matters;  and  is  interested  in  everything  per 
taining  to  the  public  welfare  of  his  state.  He  has  been  success 
ful  in  his  mining  operations  and  owns  extensive  property  near 
Leadville,  Colo.  He  was  the  organizer  of  the  Merchants  state 
bank  of  Almena,  and  is  its  vice-president.  In  1898  he  was  a  can 
didate  for  the  Colorado  state  senate. 

Eastman,  Charles  Rochester,  scientist,  author,  was  born  June 
5,  1868,  in  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  He  is  a  scientist  of  Harvard  uni 
versity;  and  curator  in  the  Museum  of  comparative  zoology.  He 
edited  and  translated  from  the  German  of  Karl  von  Zittel  a  Text 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  133 

book  of  Palaeontology ;  and  is  the  author  of  technical  Monographs. 

Eaton,  George  Howard,  banker,  state  senator,  was  born  March 
14,  1848,  in  Milltown,  N.B.  In  186G  he  graduated  from  Phillips 
academy  of  Andover,  Mass. ;  and  in  1870  graduated  from  Am- 
herst  college  of  Massachusetts.  For  many  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Calais  national  bank;  and  is  now  president  of  the  Inter 
national  trust  and  banking  company.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Bangor  theological  seminary;  and  a  trustee  of  the  library  of 
Calais,  Maine.  In  1901-04  he  served  two  terms  as  a  representative 
in  the  Maine  state  legislature ;  and  in  1906-07  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Maine  state  senate. 

Eddy,  Mrs.  Mary  Baker  Glover,  author.  She  is  a  resident  of 
Concord,  N.H.,  widely  known  as  the  founder  of  the  sect  of  Chris 
tian  scientists.  She  has  published  a  number  of  pamphlets  on  the 
general  subject  of  Christian  science.  She  has  lectured  extensively 
throughout  the  United  States  on  Christian  science;  and  has  also 
contributed  extensively  to  current  publications.  She  has  been 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Metaphysical  college;  editor  and 
proprietor  of  The  Christian  Science  Journal  founded  in  1883; 
and  is  pastor  emeritus  of  The  First  Church  of  Christ,  Scientist, 
with  a  total  membership  of  sixteen  thousand  of  the  mother  church 
in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  the  author  of  the  Christian  Science  text 
book,  Science  and  Health  with  Key  to  the  Scriptures,  which  has 
reached  its  one  hundred  and  eighty-third  edition. 

Eden,  John  Rice,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1826, 
in  Bath  county,  Ky.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Rush  county,  Ind. ;  and  there  taught  school  and  studied  law.  In 
1856-60  he  was  state's  attorney  for  the  seventh  district  of  Illi 
nois;  and  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Sullivan,  111. 
In  1863-65,  1873-79,  and  1885-87  he  was  a  representative  from  Il 
linois  to  the  thirty-eighth,  the  forty- third,  forty-fourth,  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  In  1868  he  was 
the  democratic  nominee  for  governor  of  Illinois.  He  was  one 
of  the  commissioners  that  secured  the  land  connected  with  the 
Watertown  hospital  and  procured  the  erection  of  the  building 
and  fixtures.  He  still  practices  law  in  Sullivan,  111. 

Edmunds,  Henry  Reeves,  lawyer,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1840,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1861  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  made  a 
special  study  of  marine  law ;  and  for  more  than  twenty-five  years 
has  represented  the  vessel  owners  and  captains'  association  as 
counsel.  Since  1883  he  has  been  United  S'tates  commissioner. 
He  is  a  director  of  the  American  dredging  company;  and  is  also 
president  of  the  board  of  public  education  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Edwards,  David  Calvin,  United  States  congressman  from  Ken 
tucky,  was  born  July  13,  1861,  in  Appanoose  county,  Iowa.  He 


134  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Iowa  and  Kansas,  and 
the  university  of  Holton,  Kan.  In  1892  he  located  in  Laurel 
county,  Ky.,  and  is  engaged  in  manufacturing  and  the  wholesale 
lumber  business.  He  was  clerk  and  master  commissioner  of  the 
Laurel  circuit  court  in  1898-1903.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
ninth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Kentucky  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and 
resides  in  London,  Ky. 

Edwards,  John  H.,  state  senator  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born 
Jan.  6,  1846,  in  West  Greenwich,  R.I.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Greenwich  seminary  and  at  the  Connecticut  literary  institution. 
He  is  an  eminent  clergyman  of  Exeter,  R.  I. ;  has  been  town  clerk ; 
school  commissioner;  superintendent  of  schools;  chairman  state 
board  of  public  roads;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  Since  1901  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Rhode 
Island  state  senate ;  and  resides  in  Exeter,  R.I. 

Edwards,  Wakeman  W.,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  13,  1826,  in  Charlton,  N.Y.  In  1850  he  graduated 
from  the  Union  college,  Schenectady,  with  honors,  being  third 
in  his  class;  and  in  1851  moved  south,  and  taught  a  classical 
school  in  Camden,  Miss.  In  1855  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
and  moved  to  Arkansas,  where  he  practiced  until  the  civil  war. 
Orleans,  and  then  at  Abbeville.  He  has  been  judge  of  the  twenty- 
In  1858  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Arkansas  state  legislature. 
In  1865  he  moved  to  Louisiana ;  practiced  law  first  in  New 
fifth  judicial  district  court  of  Louisiana;  and  has  had  the  man 
agement  of  all  the  public  schools  of  the  county  under  his  charge. 
He  is  the  author  of  various  fugitive  articles  in  current  literature. 

Eells,  Richard  Latimer,  merchant,  broker,  was  born  in  1839, 
in  Simsbury,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at  the  Westfield  academy 
of  Massachusetts;  and  took  a  business  course  at  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  was  for  some  time  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business;  and 
then  became  a  gold  and  stock  broker  of  New  York  City.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Hartford  city  guard;  a  member  of  the  Pros 
pects  Heights  citizens'  association;  and  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn 
league  club. 

Ehrmann,  George  Alexander,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
2,  1862,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  is  a  technical  glass  worker;  and  is 
connected  with  the  United  States  glass  company  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  During  his  business  career  he  has  amassed  one  of  the  largest 
collections  of  Lepidoptera  in  America,  and  his  interest  in  liter 
ature  and  science  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  he  has  in  his  library 
over  six  thousand  volumes  on  these  subjects.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  association  for  the  advancement  for  science ;  is  a 
member  of  the  national  geographic  society;  and  is  also  a  cor- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  135 

responding  member  of  most  of  the  learned  societies  of  Europe 
and  America.  He  is  now  working  on  a  book  entitled  Papilios 
of  the  World. 

Ehrhardt,  John  Adam,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1848, 
in  Germany.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Western  union 
college  and  the  Illinois  Military  academy.  He  has  gained  dis 
tinction  as  an  able  lawyer  of  Stanton,  Neb. ;  and  has  been  pros 
ecuting  attorney  of  his  county.  In  1897  he  was  elected  depart 
ment  commander  of  the  grand  army  of  the  republic  of  Nebraska ; 
and  has  also  served  as  grand  master  of  masons  in  Nebraska. 

Eighmey,  Charles  Henry,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  28, 
1834,  in  Saratoga,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Cornell  college  of 
Mt.  Vernon,  N.Y.  In  1861-71  he  practiced  law  with  success.  He 
has  been  vice-president,  cashier  and  president  of  the  First  na 
tional  bank  of  Dubuque  since  1871.  He  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  religious  institutions;  and  has  been  a  member  of 
the  methodist  episcopal  church  of  Dubuque  for  half  a  century. 
He  is  a  trustee  and  chairman  of  the  building  committee  of  the 
new  St.  Luke 's  methodist  church  of  Dubuque,  to  the  construction 
of  which  he  was  a  liberal  donor. 

Einhorn,  Max,  physician,  surgeon,  inventor,  was  born  Jan. 
10,  1862,  in  Russia.  He  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the 
university  of  Berlin.  He  has  been  professor  of  medicine  in  the 
New  York  post-graduate  medical  school  and  hospital  and  was 
visiting  physician  to  the  German  hospital.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  New  York  academy  of  medicine,  the  Medical  association  of 
the  state  of  New  York,  the  American  medical  association,  and 
corresponding  member  of  the  medical  society  of  Munich,  Bavaria. 
He  has  invented  numerous  medical  instruments;  among  which 
are  the  fermentation  saccharometer,  stomach  bucket,  gastric 
spray,  stomach  powder  blower  and  the  radrodraphane.  He  is 
the  author  of  Diseases  of  the  Stomach ;  Diseases  of  the  Intestines ; 
and  Practical  Problems  of  Diet  and  Nutrition. 

Elder,  Rufus  C.,  colonel  Pennsylvania  national  guard,  was  born 
March  29,  1854,  in  Lewistown,  Pa.  In  1874  he  graduated  from 
Princeton  college.  He  is  a  successful  attorney-at-law ;  and  in 
1878-81  was  district  attorney  for  Mifflin  county,  Pa.  He  is  now 
counsel  for  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  company.  Standard  steel 
works,  and  Logan  iron  and  steel  company.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Mifflin  county  national  bank;  a  trustee  of  Lewistown  hos 
pital;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  was  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  fifth  regiment  Pennsylvania 
volunteers.  He  is  now  colonel  in  the  fifth  regiment  Pennsylvania 
national  guard;  and  resides  in  Lewistown,  Pa. 


136  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

EUrins,  Stephen  Benton,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1841,  in  Perry  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  legislative  assembly  of  New 
Mexico  in  1864-65;  and  held  the  offices  of  territorial  district  at 
torney,  attorney-general,  and  United  States  district  attorney7. 
In  1873-77  he  was  a  territorial  delegate  to  the  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses.  After  leaving  congress  he  removed  to 
West  Virginia  and  devoted  himself  to  business  affairs;  in  1891- 
93  he  was  secretary  of  war;  and  in  1895-1913  he  was  a  United 
States  senator. 

Ellis,  Alston,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  26,  1847,  in  Kenton  county,  Ky.  He  received  a  thorough 
education;  and  graduated  at  various  times  with  the  degrees  of 
B.S.,  A.B.,  A.M.,  Ph.D.  and  LL.D.  In  1867-68  he  taught  school 
in  Covington,  Ky. ;  and  in  1868-71  in  Newport,  Ky.  In  1871-79 
and  1887-92  he  was  superintendent  of  public  schools  at  Hamilton, 
Ohio;  and  in  1880-87  in  Sandusky,  Ohio.  In  1892-99  he  was 
president  of  the  state  agricultural  college  at  Fort  Collins,  Colo.; 
and  also  in  1893-99  was  director  of  the  Colorado  experiment  sta 
tions.  Since  1901  he  has  been  president  of  the  Ohio  university 
at  Athens. 

Ellis,  Edgar  Clarence,  United  States  congressman  from  Mis 
souri,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1854,  in  Vermontville,  Mich.  He  received 
his  education  at  Olivet  college  of  Michigan;  and  later  received 
the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Carleton  college  of  Minnesota.  In  1881- 
84  he  was  superintendent  of  public  schools  of  the  city  of  Fergus 
Falls,  Minn.  He  practiced  law  in  Kansas  for  a  period  of  three 
years;  and  then  moved  to  Kansas  City.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-ninth  congress.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Missouri  for  the  term  of  1907-09;  and 
resides  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Ellis,  John  Breckenridge,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1870,  in  Hannibal,  Mo.  In  1886  he  graduated  from  Plattsburg 
college  with  the  degree  of  A.M.  He  also  received  a  good  musical 
education.  In  1886-97  he  was  professor  of  English  literature  of 
the  Plattsburg  college;  and  in  1900-02  held  the  same  professor 
ship  at  the  Central  Christian  college  of  Albany,  Mo.  In  1902  he 
gave  up  teaching  to  devote  himself  to  literature.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  In  the  Days  of  Jehu;  King  Saul;  the  Dread  and  Fear  of 
Kings ;  The  Red  Box  Clew ;  The  Holland  Wolves ;  Adnah,  Tale  of 
the  Time  of  Christ;  The  Ellisan  Literary  Year-Book ;  The  Stork's 
Nest ;  The  Keeneyes  Series ;  and  other  works. 

Ellis,  William  H.,  attorney-general  of  Florida,  was  born  Sept. 
17,  1867,  in  Pensacola,  Fla.  He  has  been  president  of  the  city 
council  of  Quincy,  Fla. ;  has  served  as  state  auditor ;  and  in  1900 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  137 

was  democratic  presidential  elector.  In  1908  he  became  attor 
ney-general  of  the  state  of  Florida;  and  resides  in  Tallahassee, 
Fla. 

Elwell,  W.  D.,  chairman  Iowa  prohibition  state  committee, 
was  born  Oct.  3,  1845,  in  Lakeville,  Mich.  He  received  a 
thorough  education;  and  graduated  from  Colgate  university.  He 
is  an  eminent  clergyman ;  and  has  filled  several  important  pastor 
ates.  He  is  manager  of  the  financial  department  of  the  prohibi 
tion  party  of  Iowa;  field  superintendent  of  the  Iowa  temperance 
Chautauquas;  since  1903  has  been  chairman  of  the  prohibition 
party  of  Iowa ;  and  resides  in  Ames,  Iowa. 

Emerson,  Charles  Franklin,  educator,  mathematician,  dean, 
was  born  Sept.  28,  1843,  in  Chelmsford,  Mass.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  at  Westford  academy;  and  at  Appleton  academy  of  New 
Ipswich,  N.H.  For  four  terms  he  taught  district  and  private 
schools  in  Massachusetts  before  entering  college.  In  1868  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Dartmouth  college ;  and  was  salu- 
tatorian  at  commencement ;  and  for  three  years  he  had  charge  of 
gymnasium  work  at  Dartmouth;  and  in  1868-72  was  tutor  in 
mathematics  in  that  institution.  In  1872-78  he  was  associate  pro 
fessor  of  natural  philosophy  and  mathematics;  in  1879-79  was 
Appleton  professor  of  natural  philosophy;  and  in  1877-92  was  in 
structor  in  astronomy  at  Dartmouth.  Since  1893  he  has  been  dean 
of  the  academy  faculty  in  Dartmouth  college  of  Hanover,  Mass.  In 
1897-99  he  gave  much  thought  to  the  planning  of  the  Wilder 
physical  laboratory,  visiting  the  laboratories  in  New  England 
and  the  middle  west ;  and  in  1883-84  made  a  study  of  laboratories 
abroad.  He  has  already  completed  forty  years  of  continuous 
service  for  the  college ;  and  nine-tenths  of  all  the  living  graduates 
of  Dartmouth  have  been  under  his  instruction.  Since  1875  he 
has  been  a  fellow  of  the  American  association  for  the  advance 
ment  of  science;  and  a  life  member  since  1898. 

Emerson,  Ralph,  manufacturer,  founder,  inventor,  genealogist, 
was  born  May  3,  1831,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at 
Phillips  academy  of  Andover,  Mass. ;  and  studied  law  under  pri 
vate  tuition.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  west  in  the  whole 
sale  manufacture  of  agricultural  implements;  and  also  the  in 
ventor  of  certain  kinds  of  seamless  hosiery  now  in  world 
wide  use.  He  has  been  proprietor  of  two  republican  newspapers ; 
and  was  the  originator  and  proprietor  of  the  city  electric  light 
ing  works  of  Rockford,  111.  He  was  an  organizer  and  officer  of 
two  national  banks;  was  president  of  two  insurance  companies; 
and  is  now  president,  director  and  trustee  of  numerous  manu 
facturing,  benevolent  and  educational  institutions.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  genealogy  of  The  Emerson  Family. 


138  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Emerson,  Willis  George,  educator,  lawyer,  mine  owner,  au 
thor,  was  born  March  28,  1856,  in  Blakesburg,  Iowa.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Union  county,  Iowa;  and  at 
tended  Knox  college  of  Galesburg,  111.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  taught  school  for  four  years;  and  in  1886  engaged  in  bank 
ing  in  Kansas.  In  1888  he  was  elected  republican  presidential 
elector  for  the  seventh  Kansas  congressional  district;  and  in 
1900  was  appointed  commissioner  to  the  Paris  exposition.  In 
1900  he  was  vice-chairman  of  the  speakers'  bureau  in  the  repub 
lican  national  committee ;  and  has  attained  prominence  as  a  noted 
platform  orator.  He  was  commissioned  from  Wyoming  to  the  St. 
Louis  exposition  of  1904.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Emerson 
realty  company  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  He  is  the  author  of  Win 
ning  Winds;  Fall  of  Jason;  My  Partner  and  I;  Buell  Hampton; 
and  The  Builders. 

Emery,  Ernest  Webb,  state  librarian  of  Maine,  was  born  Dec. 
19,  1872,  in  Fairfield,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
and  high  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  principally  engaged 
in  literary  work.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  assistant  state  librar 
ian  of  Maine ;  and  has  been  secretary  of  the  Maine  library  asso 
ciation.  He  is  state  librarian  of  Maine ;  and  resides  in  Augusta, 
Maine. 

English,  William  Eastin,  financier,  legislator,  congressman, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1850,  at  Englishton  Park,  Scott  county, 
Ind.  Since  his  childhood  he  has  resided  in  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
where  he  is  a  prominent  citizen  and  controls  large  financial  in 
terests,  being  the  owner  of  English's  opera  house,  English's  hotel, 
English's  block  and  numerous  other  buildings.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature ;  and  in 
1882  was  elected  a  representative  in  the  United  States  congress. 
He  has  been  an  active  republican  since  1896,  but  was  formerly  a 
prominent  democrat  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  demo 
cratic  conventions  of  1892  and  1896.  He  has  served  both  as  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  park  commissioners  and  board  of  safety  of 
the  city  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  is  past  grandmaster  of  masons 
of  Indiana.  He  is  colonel  in  the  Indiana  national  guard,  serving 
as  A.D.C.  upon  the  staff  of  the  governor  of  the  state.  During 
the  Spanish-American  war  he  served  as  captain  and  A.D.C.  upon 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Joseph  Wheeler  in  the  Santiago  campaign;  and 
is  past  commander  in  chief  of  the  United  Spanish  war  veterans' 
association  for  the  United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  The  His 
tory  of  Early  Masonry,  and  other  works.  He  is  a  son  of  Hon. 
William  H.  English,  the  eminent  statesman,  historian  and  demo 
cratic  nominee  for  vice-president  of  the  United  States  in  1880. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  130 

Enoch,  Elmer  Ellsworth,  Sedgwick  county  probate  judge  of 
Kansas,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1864,  in  Morristown,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  at  Franklin  college  of  New  Athens,  Ohio;  and  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  Kansas ;  and  for  five  years  was 
deputy  judge  of  Sedgwick  county,  Kan.  S'ince  1904  he  has  been 
probate  judge  for  Sedgwick  county;  and  resides  in  Wichita,  Kan. 

Epes,  James  Fletcher,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
May  23,  1842,  in  Nottoway  county,  Va.  He  received  a  thorough 
education ;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of  Virginia.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  cavalry  branch  of  the  confeder 
ate  service ;  had  three  horses  shot  from  under  him ;  and  received 
two  bullet  wounds.  After  the  war  he  became  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  bar.  In  1891-95  he  was  a  representative  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  has  now  retired  from  active  life  and  lives  on  a  farm  owned 
in  former  years  by  his  father,  in  Nottoway  county,  Va. 

Erdman,  Constantine  J.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept. 
4,  1846,  in  Lehigh  county,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools;  attended  a  classical  school  at 
Quakertown;  entered  Pennsylvania  college  of  Gettysburg  in 
1861,  and  graduated  in  1865.  He  read  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Lehigh  in  1867;  and  since  has  practiced  there.  He 
was  elected  district  attorney  in  1874;  and  in  1893-97  he  was  a 
representative  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

Estes,  Webster  C.,  merchant,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1855,  in  Port 
Kent,  Essex  county,  N.Y.  He  received  an  academic  education. 
In  1887  he  entered  the  firm  of  E.  B.  Estes  and  sons;  and  is  now 
its  president  and  treasurer.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Estes 
lumber  company;  and  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
of  New  York  City. 

Estes,  William  Lawrence,  physician,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
28,  1855,  in  Brownsville,  Tenn.  He  was  educated  at  Bethel  col 
lege  and  received  the  degrees  of  M.D.  from  the  university  of 
Virginia  and  from  the  university  of  New  York;  and  the  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Bethel  college  in  1893.  Since  1881  he  has  been 
physician  and  surgeon  in  chief  at  St.  Luke's  hospital  in  South 
Bethlehem,  Pa.  Since  1887  he  has  lectured  on  hygiene  and 
physiology  at  the  Lehigh  university.  He  is  the  author  of  Treat 
ment  of  Fractures,  and  also  the  chapter  on  Accident  Surgery  in 
Keen's  System  of  Surgery. 

Evans,  Britton  Duroc,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Aug.  1, 
1858,  in  Bridgetown,  Md.  In  1885  he  graduated  from  the  col 
lege  of  physicians  and  surgeons  at  Baltimore,  Md.  For  many 


140  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

years  he  was  a  physician  to  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  company 
and  the  Penn  mutual  insurance  company,  and  was  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  Maryland  hospital  for  the  insane  and  also 
medical  superintendent  of  the  Maryland  institution  for  the 
feebleminded.  Since  1893  he  has  been  medical  director  of  the 
New  Jersey  state  hospital  at  Morris  Plains.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  medical  psychological  association;  and  a 
member  of  numerous  other  medical  and  scientific  societies. 

Evans,  Jephthah  Hughes,  judge  circuit  court  of  Arkansas, 
was  born  Feb.  8,  1860,  in  Farmerville,  La.  In  1881  he  was  the 
first  graduate  from  the  Fort  Smith  district  high  school  of  Boone- 
ville,  Ark.  He  then  taught  school  for  a  while;  and  in  1883  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice 
of  law;  and  served  as  alderman  of  his  city.  Since  1893  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  fifteenth  judicial  circuit  court  of  Arkansas; 
and  resides  in  Booneville,  Ark. 

Evans,  John  H.,  banker,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1848, 
in  North  Wales.  In  1866  he  located  in  Racine,  Wis. ;  and  for 
many  years  was  connected  with  his  father,  Richard  J.  Evans,  in 
the  tanning  business.  In  1878  he  engaged  in  the  steam  laundry 
business  in  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Evans 
laundry  companies  of  Omaha,  Lincoln  and  Council  Bluffs.  He 
is  also  president  of  the  national  bank  of  commerce  of  Omaha; 
and  president  of  various  other  business  institutions  in  Nebraska 
and  Florida.  In  1895  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  lower 
house  of  the  Nebraska  state  legislature;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate. 

Evans,  Josiah  Thomas,  Chaves  county  probate  judge  of  New 
Mexico,  was  born  June  10,  1849,  in  Isney,  Ala.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Alabama  and  Mississippi; 
and  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  taught 
public  school  for  four  years;  and  for  four  years  was  county 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  for  Coleman  county,  Texas. 
For  two  terms  he  was  county  surveyor  of  Coleman  county,  Texas ; 
and  for  two  years  was  county  judge  for  that  county.  Since  1901 
he  has  been  probate  judge  for  Chaves  county,  N.M. ;  and  resides 
in  Roswell,  N.M. 

Everett,  W.  I.,  civil  engineer,  business  man,  state  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  3,  1835,  in  Richmond  county,  N.C.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Richmond  academy ;  and  at  Chapel  Hill,  N.C. ;  and  by  pro 
fession  is  a  civil  engineer.  For  several  years  he  was  chief  en 
gineer  and  general  superintendent  of  the  Wilmington,  Charlotte 
and  Rutherford  railroad;  is  now  engaged  in  farming,  merchan 
dising  and  manufacturing  at  Rockingham,  N.C.  For  twelve 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  141 

years  he  was  county  commissioner;  and  in  1885  and  1905  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  North  Carolina  state  senate. 

Everhart,  Isaiah  Fawkes,  army  surgeon,  physician,  naturalist, 
was  born  Jan.  22,  1840,  in  Berks  county,  Pa.  He  served  through 
out  the  civil  war;  was  surgeon  in  the  eighth  and  sixteenth  regi 
ment  Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry;  in  1861-65  he  was 
surgeon  of  ninth  regiment  of  national  guard  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  attained  the  rank  of  major.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
medical  staff  of  the  Lackawanna  hospital;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Scranton  board  of  health.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Everhart  brass  works  of  Scranton,  Pa. ;  president  of  the  Ever 
hart  anthracite  coal  company ;  and  is  identified  with  various  other 
corporations.  He  founded  and  endowed  the  Everhart  museum 
of  natural  history,  science  and  art  at  Scranton,  Pa.  This  emi 
nent  physician  and  surgeon  still  practices  his  profession  in  Scran 
ton,  Pa. 

Ewing,  Fayette  Clay,  laryngologist,  otologist,  was  born  May 
28,  1862,  in  La  Fourche  Parish,  La.  He  was  educated  at  the  uni 
versity  of  the  South ;  and  at  the  university  of  Mississippi ;  and  in 
1884  graduated  from  the  Jefferson  medical  college  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  a  noted  laryngologist  and  otologist  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo. ;  and  is  connected  with  various  St.  Louis  hospitals.  He  is 
editor  of  the  Laryngoscope ;  and  is  a  fellow  of  the  British  rhin- 
ological,  laryngological  and  otological  association;  and  a  member 
of  the  leading  medical  associations  of  America.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  from  the  American  medical  association  to  the  international 
medical  congress  held  at  Rome  in  1893. 

Ewing,  Presley  Kittredge,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July  21, 
1860,  in  Lafourche,  La.  In  1881  he  graduated  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Mississippi  with  the  degrees  of  Ph.B.  and  LL.B.  Since 
1882  he  has  practiced  law  in  the  state  and  federal  courts  of  Texas, 
and  in  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  By  appointment 
he  has  presided  over  district  and  supreme  courts  of  Texas.  He 
has  a  large  practice  in  Texas  at  Houston ;  and  has  been  president 
of  the  Texas  bar  association. 

Ewing,  Thomas,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  21,  1862,  in 
Leavenworth,  Kan. ;  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  Ewing,  the  eminent 
soldier  and  statesman.  In  1871-77  he  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Lancaster,  Ohio ;  in  1879-81  studied  in  the  University  of 
Wooster,  Ohio ;  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  from  Co 
lumbia  university;  and  was  in  the  Columbia  law  school  in  1887- 
88.  In  1886-90  he  was  assistant  examiner  in  the  United  States 
patent  office;  and  since  1891  has  been  a  lawyer  and  patent  solic 
itor  of  New  York  City.  In  1897  and  in  1899  he  was  the  demo- 


142  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

cratic  candidate  for  mayor  of  Yonkers,  N.Y.  He  is  the  author 
of  Jonathan,  a  Tragedy. 

Faelten,  Carl,  musician,  composer,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1846,  in 
Thuringia.  In  1885-97  he  was  with  the  N.E.  Conservatory  of 
Boston.  He  founded  the  Faelten  pianoforte  school  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Conservatory  Course  for  Pianists. 

Fairbanks,  Arthur,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  13,  1864,  in  Hanover,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  $t.  Johns- 
bury  academy  ;  and  in  1886  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college. 
In  1887-88  he  attended  the  Yale  divinity  school;  in  1888-89  at 
tended  the  Union  theological  seminary;  and  in  1889-90  studied  in 
Berlin  and  Freiburg.  For  several  years  he  was  a  congregational 
clergyman ;  and  since  1886  has  been  engaged  in  teaching.  In 
1900-06  he  was  professor  of  Greek  literature  and  archaeology, 
and  is  head  of  the  department  of  Greek,  at  the  state  university 
of  Iowa ;  and  since  1907  has  been  director  of  the  Museum  of  fine 
arts  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Introduction  to  So 
ciology;  First  Philosophers  of  Greece;  Mythology  of  Greece  and 
Rome ;  Handbook  of  Greek  Religion ;  and  other  works. 

Fairbanks,  Charles  Warren,  ex-vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  was  born  May  11,  1852,  near  Union ville  Center,  Ohio.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools ;  and  in  1872  graduated  from 
the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university  in  the  classical  course.  In  1874  he 
was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law;  moved  to  Indianapolis  in 
the  same  year;  and  there  practiced  his  profession  until  his  ad 
mission  to  the  United  States  senate.  In  1885  he  was  elected  a 
trustee  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university.  In  1892  and  1898  he 
was  chairman  of  the  Indiana  republican  state  convention.  In 
1897-1905  he  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate.  In  1896, 
1900  and  1904  he  was  delegate  to  the  republican  conventions  held 
in  St.  Louis,  Philadelphia  and  Chicago.  In  1904  he  was  unani 
mously  nominated  for  vice-president  of  the  United  States  and  was 
elected  on  the  ticket  with  Theodore  Roosevelt,  receiving  three 
hundred  and  thirty-seven  of  the  four  hundred  and  seventy-six 
electoral  votes. 

Fanning,  John  Thomas,  civil  engineer,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1837,  in  Norwich,  Conn.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war  he  had  completed  a  course  of  study  in  architecture  and 
engineering.  He  enlisted  in  the  third  regiment  of  Connecticut 
volunteers  and  served  its  full  term;  and  subsequently  was  a  field 
officer  in  the  state  militia.  In  1862-80  he  was  acting  engineer  of 
Norwich,  Conn. ;  and  in  1872  moved  to  Manchester,  N.H.,  to 
supervise  the  construction  of  the  public  water  supply.  In  1881 
he  was  employed  by  a  citizen's  committee  to  report  upon  an  ad 
ditional  water  supply  for  New  York,  Brooklyn,  and  cities  of  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  143 

Hudson  Valley.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  chief  engineer  and 
agent  of  the  St.  Anthony  Falls  water  power  company.  He  was 
appointed  consulting  engineer  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and 
Manitoba  railway  and  of  the  Great  Northern  railway,  and  be- 
oame  vice-president  of  the  Minneapolis  union  railway.  Among 
\vorks  directed  from  his  Minneapolis  office  have  been  improve 
ments  in  various  water  powers  and  public  water  supplies ;  a  com 
prehensive  plan  for  the  drainage  of  three  thousand  square  miles 
of  the  famous  hard  wheat  land  in  the  valley  of  the  Red  river  of 
the  North;  the  construction  of  the  water  power  from  the  Rainy 
river  in  Minnesota;  the  large  water  power  on  the  Missouri  river 
at  Great  Falls,  Mont. ;  on  the  Spokane  river  at  Spokane,  Wash. ; 
and  a  large  water  power  on  the  Missouri  river  near  Helena,  Mont. 
He  is  patentee  of  improvements  in  slow-burning  building  con 
structions  in  turbine  water  steam  boilers.  He  is  the  author  of 
A  Treatise  on  the  Water  Supply;  and  Engineering. 

Farmer,  Fannie  Merritt,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
March  23,  1857,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  is  instructor  in  the  Boston 
cooking  school ;  and  principal  of  the  Boston  cooking  school.  She 
is  the  author  of  The  Boston  Cooking  School  Book ;  and  Chafing 
Dish  Possibilities. 

Faulkner,  Charles  James,  soldier,  jurist,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1847,  in  Martinsburg,  W.Va.  His  early 
education  was  obtained  in  France  and  Switzerland;  and  in  1862 
he  entered  the  Virginia  military  institution  at  Lexington.  In 
1868  he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  served 
with  the  cadets  at  the  battle  of  Newmarket;  and  afterward  as 
aide  to  Generals  Breckenridge  and  Wise  in  the  confederate  states 
army  to  the  end  of  the  civil  war.  In  1868  he  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law ;  and  in  1879  became  grand  master  of  masons.  In 
1880-87  he  was  judge  of  the  thirteenth  judicial  circuit  of  West 
Virginia.  In  1887-99  he  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  sen 
ate.  In  1892  he  was  both  temporary  and  permanent  chairman 
of  the  democratic  state  convention;  and  in  1894,  1896  and  1898 
he  was  chairman  of  the  democratic  congressional  campaign  com 
mittee. 

Fell,  Thomas,  educator,  college  president,  was  born  July  15, 
1851,  in  Liverpool,  England.  He  was  educated  at  King's  college 
of  London ;  in  1874  graduated  from  the  London  university ;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Hampden-Sidney  college;  and 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  St.  John's  college  of  Maryland.  In 
1884-86  he  was  professor  of  ancient  and  modern  languages  in  the 
new  Winsor  college  of  Maryland;  and  since  1886  has  been  pres 
ident  of  Saint  John's  college  at  Annapolis,  Md.  In  1897  he  was 


144  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

vice-chancellor  of  the  university  of  Maryland.  He  has  made  val 
uable  contributions  to  educational  and  scientific  literature. 

Ferguson,  Emory  C.,  contractor,  miner,  legislator,  was  born 
March  5,  1833,  in  Westchester  county,  N.Y.  He  moved  to  San 
Francisco  in  1854,  arriving  there  one  year  later.  He  engaged  in 
mining  and  mercantile  business,  but  in  1858  settled  in  Washing 
ton,  where  he  became  a  successful  carpenter  and  builder.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  to  the  territorial  legislature,  has  since  served  seven 
sessions,  and  he  was  speaker  of  the  house  for  one  term.  In  1884- 
85  he  was  a  commissioner  to  the  cotton  centennial  exposition  held 
in  New  Orleans.  He  has  been  mayor  of  the  city  of  Snohomish 
for  six  terms  and  is  now  engaged  in  real  estate. 

Ferguson,  Harvey  B.,  member  democratic  national  committee, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1848,  in  Alabama.  He  belongs  to  a  family  that 
settled  in  the  south  in  colonial  days,  several  members  of  which 
distinguished  themselves  in  the  civil  and  military  offices  of  the 
colonies  and  later  in  the  service  of  the  young  republic ;  his  father 
was  an  officer  in  the  confederate  army,  and  did  excellent  service 
under  General  Lee  until  the  close  of  the  struggle ;  graduated  from 
the  Washington  and  Lee  university,  Lexington,  Va.,  with  the 
degree  of  M.A.,  in  1873.  He  graduated  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  that  university  in  1874,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Wheeling,  W.Va.,  where  he  remained  until  the 
year  1882.  In  1884  he  located  in  Albuquerque,  N.M.,  where  he 
has  since  successfully  practiced  his  profession.  He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
democrat  national  committee  for  the  term  of  1904-08 ;  and  resides 
in  Albuquerque,  N.M. 

Ferguson,  John  P.,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1865, 
in  Jonesboro,  Tenn.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state ;  then  attended  Milligan 
college  and  Washington  college;  and  then  entered  the  Central 
university  of  Kentucky,  from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  In  1892  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  the  Jefferson  medical  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has 
attained  success  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Louisville, 
Ky. ;  and  has  been  instructor  in  the  hospital  college  of  medicine. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  medical  and  the  Mississippi  val 
ley  medical  associations;  and  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  state 
medical  society.  He  is  medical  examiner  of  the  Ancient  order  of 
united  workmen ;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  city. 

Fernald,  Bert  M.,  state  senator,  governor,  was  born  April  3, 
1858,  in  Poland.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
Poland.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and[ 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  145 

public  affairs  of  New  England;  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Maine  state  senate.  While  in  the  state  senate  he  served  on 
several  important  committees ;  and  secured  the  passage  of  several 
important  laws.  In  1909-11  he  was  governor  of  Maine. 

Ferrel,  Charles  P.,  Washoe  county  sheriff  of  Nevada,  was 
born  in  1863,  in  Oregon.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  state ;  and  at  the  Salem  grammar  school.  He  is  a  horse- 
shoer  by  profession ;  and  prominently  indentified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  at  Reno,  Nevada.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
gentlemen 's  driving  club  of  Reno,  Nev. ;  vice-president  of  the  Reno 
wheelmen ;  and  a  police  officer  for  three  years.  He  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  as  sheriff  of  Washoe  county ;  and  resides  in  Reno, 
Nev. 

Ferriss,  James  H.,  chairman  people's  party  national  commit 
tee,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1849,  in  Yorkville,  111.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful  jour 
nalist  and  business  man ;  editor  of  the  Joliet  Daily  News ;  presi 
dent  of  The  News  company,  incorporated,  of  Joliet,  111. ;  and  four 
years  was  president  of  the  American  fern  association.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  people 's  party  national  committee  for  the  terms 
of  1904-08  and  1908-12 ;  and  resides  in  Joliet,  111. 

Fessenden,  Franklin  Goodridge,  justice  superior  court  of 
Massachusetts,  was  born  in  Fitchburg,  Worcester  county,  Mass. 
He  was  educated  at  Harvard  university;  and  is  an  attorney-at- 
law  by  profession.  He  has  been  captain  and  colonel  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  volunteer  militia;  trustee  and  vice-president  of  the 
Franklin  savings  institution;  and  lecturer  in  the  Harvard  law 
school.  Since  1891  he  has  been  justice  of  the  superior  court  of 
Massachusetts;  and  resides  in  Greenfield,  Mass. 

Fetterolf,  Adam  H.,  educator,  college  president,  was  born  Nov. 
24,  1841,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  Since  1883  he  has  been 
president  of  Girard  college  of  Philadelphia. 

Ficken,  John  F.,  president  board  of  trustees  college  of  Char 
leston,  S.C.,  was  born  June  16,  1843,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was 
educated  at  the  college  of  Charleston;  and  at  the  university  of 
Berlin,  Germany.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  in  the  service  of 
the  confederate  army.  For  twelve  years  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature;  was  mayor  of  Charleston 
for  one  term ;  and  has  attained  prominence  at  the  bar.  He  is  now 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  college  of  Charleston; 
and  resides  in  Charleston,  S.C. 

Field,  Archelaus  G.,  physician  and  surgeon  of  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1829,  in  Gorham,  N.Y.  In  1854  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Starling  medical  college ;  studied  in  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  Columbia  university;  and  graduated  from  the 


146  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Simpson  centenary  college  of  law.  He  attained  success  as  a  noted 
physician  and  surgeon  of  Iowa;  and  for  many  years  filled  the 
chair  of  physiology  and  pathology  in  the  Keokuk  medical  school. 
In  1872  he  was  president  of  the  Iowa  state  medical  society;  and, 
was  president  of  the  Des  Moines  school  of  technology.  In  1876 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  international  medical  congress;  served 
two  terms  as  mayor  of  North  Des  Moines ;  and  has  filled  numerous 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor;  and  resides  in  Des  Moines, 
Iowa. 

Finck,  Edward  Bertrand,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1870,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  was  educated  at  Allmond's  university 
school;  and  at  the  Louisville  law  school.  He  is  a  successful  at- 
torney-at-law  of  Louisville,  Ky.  Under  the  nom  de  plume  of  Bert 
Finck  he  is  the  author  of  Pebblet,  Webs,  Plays,  Musings  and 
Pastel,  all  works  of  a  philosophical  nature. 

Finch,  Edward  Riley,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Nov.  15, 
1873,  in  New  York  City.  In  1895  he  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  A.B.  from  Yale  university;  and  in  1898  with  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Columbia  law  school.  Since  1898  he  has  practiced 
law  in  New  York  City.  In  1901-04  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
New  York  state  legislature ;  and  was  the  author  of  a  bill  placing 
those  who  failed  to  register  and  vote  upon  preferred  list  for  jury 
service ;  and  also  the  laws  known  as  the  labor  laws.  He  is  a  writer 
and  lecturer  on  municipal  government;  and  is  identified  in  New 
York  City  with  the  work  of  the  betterment  and  uplifting  of  boys 
and  young  men. 

Finley,  John  Barclay,  legislator,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  17, 
1845,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  During  1887-92  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  legislature ;  and  resigned  from  that  position  in 
1892.  In  1887  he  was  a  member  of  the  revenue  commission  of 
Pennsylvania ;  and  subsequently  of  the  coast  defence  commission. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Fifth  national  bank  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa. ;  an  officer  in  a  number  of  corporations ;  and  is  now  president 
of  the  People's  bank  of  Monongahela,  Pa. 

Finley,  John  Huston,  journalist,  educator,  college  president, 
founder,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1863,  in  Grand  Ridge,  La  Salle  county, 
111.  In  1887  he  graduated  from  Knox  college ;  in  1887-89  studied 
at  the  John  Hopkins  university;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A.  M.,  Ph.D.  and  LL.D.  In  1882-92  he  was  secretary  of  the  state 
charities  aid  association  of  New  York ;  and  was  founder  and  edit 
or  of  the  State  Charities  Record  and  the  Charities  Review  of  New 
York.  In  1892-99  he  was  president  of  Knox  college ;  in  1899-1900 
was  editor  with  Harper's  and  McClure's;  and  in  1900-03  was  pro 
fessor  of  politics  at  Princeton  university.  Since  1903  he  has  been 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  147 

president  of  the  college  City  of  New  York.  He  is  part  author  of 
Taxation  in  American  States  and  Cities. 

Fisher,  Cannon,  business  man,  poet.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  South  Dakota.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  Hot  Springs,  South  Dakota;  and  has  filled  various  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member  of  several  fraternal  and 
patriotic  orders.  He  has  contributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  the 
periodical  press,  and  his  poems  have  been  incorporated  in  Local 
and  National  Poets  of  America  and  other  standard  works.  His 
poems  have  appeared  for  the  past  twenty  years  in  various  news 
papers  and  magazines,  and  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
American  literature. 

Fisher,  Irving,  educator,  political  economist,  author,  was  born 
on  Feb.  27,  1867,  in  Saugerties,  N.Y.  In  1881  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Yale  university ;  and  in  1891-94  studied 
in  Berlin  and  Paris.  In  1891-93  he  was  tutor  of  mathematics,  in 
1893-95  was  professor,  and  in  1895-98  was  assistant  professor  of 
political  economy  in  Yale  university.  Since  1898  he  has  been 
professor  of  political  economy  at  Yale  university.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science ;  was 
a  member  of  the  national  conservation  commission ;  and  was  presi 
dent  of  the  committee  of  one  hundred  on  national  health  to  advo 
cate  the  establishment  of  the  national  department  of  health.  He 
is  the  author  of  Elements  of  Geometry;  Bibliography  of  Mathe 
matical  Economics;  Mathematical  Investigations  in  Theory  of 
Value  and  Prices;  Appreciation  and  Interest;  Introduction  in 
Calculus ;  The  Nature  of  Capital  and  Income ;  and  other  works. 

Fisher,  Samuel  Brownlee,  civil  engineer,  railroad  manager, 
was  born  Oct.  24,  1846,  in  Cherry  Fork,  Ohio.  In  1868  and  1871 
he  graduated  from  the  Washington  and  Jefferson  college  with  the 
degrees  of  B.S.  and  M.S.  In  1869-71  he  was  with  the  Rogers  loco 
motive  works  of  Patterson,  N.J. ;  and  in  1873-75  was  in  the  engi 
neering  department  of  the  Pennsylvania  lines  from  chainman  to 
assistant  engineer.  In  1885-90  he  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Mil 
waukee  and  Northern  railway ;  has  been  chief  engineer  of  various 
other  railroad;  and  since  1895  has  been  consulting  engineer  of 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  railway  and  other  railroads. 

Fitzgerald,  Desmond,  civil  engineer,  was  born  May  20,  1846, 
in  Nassau,  New  Providence.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Providence,  R.I. ;  and  at  Phillips  academy,  of  Andover, 
Mass.  For  many  years  he  was  department  engineer  of  the  Metro 
politan  water  board  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  was  retired  in  1903. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  topographical  survey  comimssion  of 
Massachusetts;  and  chairman  of  the  Brookline  park  commission, 


148  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

For  thirty  years  he  was  in  practice  as  an  hydraulic  engineer, 
principally  in  connection  with  the  construction  and  maintenance 
of  the  Boston  water  supply  system.  In  1904  he  was  consulting 
engineer  of  the  water  supply  and  sewage  system  of  Manila,  R.I. 
He  is  past  president  of  the  American  society  of  civil  engineers. 

Fitzgerald,  Harrington,  editor-in-chief  and  one  of  the  proprie 
tors  of  the  Philadelphia  Item,  was  born  April  5,  1847,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city;  and  at  Dr.  Rice's  academy  of  Philadelphia,  P.  For  four 
years  he  was  cashier  for  Jay  Cooke  and  company.  For  ten  years 
he  was  business  manager  of  the  Philadelphia  Item,  of  which  he  is 
now  editor-in-chief  and  general  manager.  He  studied  art  at 
home  and  abroad;  and  has  exhibited  pictures  in  Philadelphia, 
Chicago,  New  York,  Detroit,  South  Carolina,  St.  Louis  and  Pitts- 
burg,  Pan-American  exposition,  Omaha  expositon,  received  a 
medal  from  the  Charleston  exposition,  and  a  gold  medal  from  the 
exposition  of  the  American  arts  society  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
has  been  granted  several  United  States  patents.  He  is  president 
of  the  American  art  society ;  is  a  director  in  the  school  of  industrial 
arts;  and  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  sketch,  pen  and  pencil 
and  other  societies ;  and  resides  in  Norristown,  Pa. 

Flanagan,  Webster,  farmer,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  states 
man,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1832,  in  Cloverport,  Ky.  Since  1843  he  has 
been  a  resident  of  Texas ;  and  in  1851  was  admitted  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  In  1860  he  was  commissioned  brigadier-general ;  and 
served  in  the  civil  war  for  three  years.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  district  of  Texas;  and  in  1869  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention.  In  1873  he  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Texas;  and  in  1871  and  1875  was  a  member 
of  the  Texas  state  senate.  He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional 
convention  which  helped  to  frame  the  present  constitution.  In 
1884-85  he  was  international  revenue  collector  for  the  fourth  dis 
trict  of  Texas.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  seven  different  national 
conventions.  In  1890  he  was  candidate  for  governor  of  Texas; 
and  in  1891-93  was  collector  of  customs  at  El  Paso,  Texas.  In 
1876-80  he  was  president  of  the  Henderson  and  Overton  railroad 
company;  and  since  1898  has  been  collector  of  international  rev 
enue  for  the  third  district  of  Texas. 

Flanders,  James  Greeley,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1844,  in  New  London,  N.H.  In  1861  he  graduated  from  Phillips 
Exeter  academy ;  in  1867  from  Yale  university,  and  in  1869  from 
Columbia  law  school.  In  1875-77  he  was  a  member  of  the  school 
board  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  in  1877  was  a  representative  in  the 
Wisconsin  state  legislature.  In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  at  large 
to  the  national  democratic  convention.  In  1899-1904  he  was  presi- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  149 

dent  of  the  Wisconsin  Yale  alumni  association;  and  in  1902  was 
president  of  the  university  club. 

Flemer,  John  Adolph,  civil  and  landscape  engineer,  horticultur 
ist,  author,  was  born  April  1,  1859,  in  New  York  City.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  a  private  school;  in 
1870-74  attended  the  latin  school  in  Cassel,  Hessia,  Germany;  in 
1874-78  was  at  the  polytechnic  school  at  the  same  place;  and  in 
1878-81  attended  the  Eoyal  technical  high  school  at  Berlin.  He  is  a 
successful  horticulturist,  topographic  and  landscape  engineer.  In 
1886-1900  he  was  assistant  in  the  United  States  coast  and  geodetic 
survey;  and  in  1900-03  was  connected  with  the  F.  and  F.  nur 
series  of  Springfield,  N.J.  Since  1904  he  has  been  engineer  to  the 
commissioner  for  demarcation  of  Alaskan  boundary.  He  is  the 
author  of  Treatise  on  Photographic  Methods  and  Instruments. 

Fleming,  John,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  1,  1842,  in  Ire 
land.  He  recieved  a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  academies;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In 
1883  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Cleveland  as  district  attorney 
of  Queens  county,  N.Y. ;  and  was  then  elected  to  the  same  office 
for  three  years.  He  was  again  appointed  to  that  office  in  1887  by 
Governor  Hill ;  and  he  was  subsequently  elected  twice  to  that  po 
sition.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  criminal  lawyers  in  the  state 
of  New  York.  He  is  now  a  justice  of  the  court  of  special  sessions, 
city  of  New  York. 

Fletcher,  Austin  Barclay,  lawyer,  business  president,  was  born 
March  13,  1832,  in  Mendon,  Mass.  He  received  the  degrees  of 
A.B.  and  LL.D.  from  Tufts  college;  graduated  from  the  Boston 
university  school  of  oratory  in  1878 ;  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  the  School  of  sciences  in  1879 ;  and  in  1880  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  the  School  of  law.  He  has  reorganized  many 
large  corporations  and  business  concerns.  He  is  president  of  the 
Ettinger  and  Russell  company  of  New  York  City ;  and  a  director 
in  various  financial  and  industrial  corporations. 

Flickinger,  Junius  R.,  principal  state  normal  school  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  was  born  about  1856,  in  Perry  county,  Pa.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  attended  the 
New  Bloomfield  academy ;  and  in  1877  graduated  from  Princeton 
university.  In  1877-81  he  was  principal  of  Bloomfield  academy; 
and  in  1881-84  was  superintendent  of  schools  for  Perry  county, 
Pa.  In  1887  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  state 
legislature.  In  1888-93  he  practiced  law  in  Pueblo,  Col. ;  and  in 
1891  was  a  representative  in  the  Colorado  state  legislature.  In 
1893-96  he  filled  the  chair  of  history  in  the  state  normal  school 
at  West  Chester,  Pa. ;  in  1896-99  was  principal  of  the  state  nor 
mal  school  at  West  Chester,  Pa. ;  in  1896-99  was  principal  of  the 


150  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

state  normal  schol  at  Edinboro,  Pa. ;  and  since  1899  has  been  prin 
cipal  of  the  state  normal  school  at  Lock  Haven,  Pa.  In  1902  he 
was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  educational  association; 
and  is  a  memberi  of  several  historical  and  scientific  associations. 
He  is  the  author  of  Civil  Government  as  Developed  in  the  States 
and  the  United  States. 

Flint,  Charles  R.,  merchant,  banker,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1850, 
in  Thomaston,  Maine.  In  1871  he  organized  the  firm  of  Gilchrist, 
Flint  and  company  ship  chandlers;  and  in  1872  established  the 
firm  of  W.  R.  Grace  and  company,  transacting  a  general  shipping 
and  commission  business  with  the  west  coast  of  South  America, 
principally  Peru.  In  1876  he  was  appointed  consul  in  New  York 
for  the  republic  of  Chili ;  and  in  1880  he  became  president  of  the 
United  States  electric  lighting  company.  In  1876  he  established 
a  business  in  Peru;  and  in  1884  established  a  large  rubber  busi 
ness  on  the  Amazon.  In  1885  he  entered  the  firm  of  Flint  and 
company,  composed  of  his  father,  Benjamin  Flint  and  his  brother, 
Wallace  Benjamin  Flint;  and  of  this  firm  he  is  now  senior  mem 
ber.  He  is  a  director  of  several  railroad  and  steamship  compa 
nies,  and  of  various  financial  institutions ;  and  was  recently  elected 
one  of  the  council  of  the  university  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

Flood,  Ned  Arden,  soldier,  journalist,  lawyer,  lecturer,  orator, 
was  born  in  1870  in  New  Market,  N.H.  In  1890  he  graduated 
from  Johns  Hopkins  university;  studied  in  the  law  department 
of  the  university  of  Michigan;  and  received  the  degree  of  M.A. 
from  Allegheny  college.  In  1890-98  he  was  assistant  editor  of  the 
Chautauqua  Magazine ;  and  in  1889-98  was  managing  editor  of 
the  Chautauqua  Assembly  Herald.  In  1895-98  he  was  lecturer 
on  political  economy  in  Allegheny  college;  and  in  1898-1900  was 
associate  professor  and  director  of  the  university  of  Chicago 
press.  In  1898-1903  he  was  lieutenant-colonel  and  aide-de-camp 
on  the  staff  of  Governor  William  A.  Stone  of  Pennsylvania;  and 
in  1903  was  reappointed  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Samuel  W.  Pen- 
nypacker.  In  1900-02  he  was  president  of  the  northwestern  Penn 
sylvania  association  sons  of  veterans ;  and  in  1901-02  of  the  west 
ern  Pennsylvania  association  of  Johns  Hopkins  university.  He 
has  a  successful  law  practice  in  Meadville,  Pa. ;  and  is  a  noted 
republican  platform  speaker.  In  1901  he  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  health  of  Meadville,  Pa. ;  and  in  1902  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state  hospital  for  the  insane  at  War 
ren,  Pa. 

Floyd,  John  Charles,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  April  14,  1858,  in  Sparta,  White  County,  Tenn.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Benton- 
ville,  Ark.;  and  in  1879  graduated  from  the  University  of  Ar- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  151 

kansas  at  Fayetteville.  In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  Arkansas 
State  Legislature  from  Marion  County  and  in  1890-94  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  the  Fourteenth  Judicial  District.  In  1904  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Fifty-ninth,  and  was  elected  to  the 
Sixtieth  and  Sixty-first  Congresses  from  Arkansas  as  a  democrat. 
He  has  always  been  prominently  identified  with  the  democratic 
party;  is  a  prominent  citizen  of  Yelleville,  Ark.;  and  has  filled 
numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Focht,  Benjamin  K.,  journalist,  statesman,  congressman,  was 
born  March  12,  1863.  He  was  educated  at  Bucknell  university, 
Pennsylvania  state  college  and  also  at  the  Susquehanna  univer 
sity.  He  established  the  Saturday  News  in  1881,  which  he  still 
owns.  He  has  been  an  active  republican  for  over  twenty  years; 
and  a  delegate  to  many  conventions  and  party  councils.  He  was 
a  member  of  Pennsylvania  assembly  three  sessions;  and  served 
one  term  in  the  senate,  retiring  from  that  body  in  1905.  He  for 
mulated  the  present  ballot  law  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  interested 
in  a  number  of  railroad  operations  with  business  headquarters  in 
New  York  City.  In  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

Fogg,  James  Ezra,  state  representative  of  Idaho,  was  born 
Oct.  8,  1868,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Brigham  Young  academy  of  Logan  City,  Utah.  He  is  manager 
and  president  of  the  Fogg  and  Jacob  lumber  company  of  St.  An 
thony,  Idaho;  and  president  of  the  St.  Anthony  building  and 
manufacturing  company.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  ninth  session  of  the  Idaho  state  house  of  represen 
tatives  ;  and  resides  in  St.  Anthony,  Idaho. 

Folwell,  William  Watts,  soldier,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  14,  1832,  in  Romulus,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Ovid  acad 
emy,  Hobart  college  and  at  the  university  of  Berlin.  In  1861-65 
during  the  civil  war  he  was  first  lieutenant  to  major  and  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  fiftieth  regiment  New  York  engineers. 
In  1865-69  he  was  in  business  in  Ohio.  In  1869-84  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  university  of  Minnesota.  In  1876  he  was  commis 
sioner  to  the  centennial  exposition  from  Minnesota.  In  1889-92 
he  was  president  of  the  Minneapolis  society  of  fine  arts ;  and  since 
1889  a  member  and  since  1894  president  of  the  park  commission 
ers  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.  In  1895-1901  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  board  of  charities  and  correction ;  and  in  1902  was  president 
of  the  Minneapolis  improvement  league.  In  1875-1907  he  was 
professor  of  political  science  in  the  university  of  Minnesota;  and 
is  now  professor  emeritus.  He  is  the  author  of  Public  Instruction 
in  Minnesota ;  History  of  Minnesota ;  Lectures  on  Political  Econ 
omy  ;  and  numerous  Monographs  and  Addresses. 


152  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Folz,  Samuel,  merchant,  public  official,  was  born  Sept.  18, 
1859,  in  Hillsdale,  Mich.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  pri 
vate  schools  of  his  native  state.  Early  in  life  he  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  and  became  proprietor  of  a  prosperous  store. 
In  1880  he  opened  branch  stores  in  Otswego  and  Schoolcraft, 
Mich.  In  1893  he  consolidated  three  stores;  and  has  established 
the  largest  clothing  house  in  Kalamazoo  county  at  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.  For  years  he  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  bus 
iness  and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state ;  in  1900  was 
elected  mayor  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich. ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Fontaine,  William  Morris,  soldier,  educator,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  1,  1835,  in  Louisa  county,  Va.  He  was  educated  at  Hanover 
academy  of  Virginia;  in  1859  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
the  university  of  Virginia;  and  studied  in  1869-70  in  the  Royal 
school  of  mines  at  Freiberg.  He  was  a  second  lieutenant  of  artil 
lery  in  the  confederate  states  army  until  1862 ;  then  first  lieuten 
ant  of  ordnance  until  1865.  In  1873-78  he  was  professor  of  chem 
istry  and  geology  in  the  university  of  West  Virginia;  and  since 
1878  has  been  professor  of  geology  and  natural  history  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  geographical 
society.  He  is  the  author  of  Resources  of  West  Virginia ;  Report 
of  the  Second  Pennsylvania  geologic  survey ;  and  numerous  scien 
tific  Monographs  and  bulletins  published  by  the  United  States 
geological  survey. 

Foos,  Charles  S.,  city  superintendent  public  schools  of  Read 
ing,  Pa.,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1863,  in  Reading,  Pa.  He  was  educat 
ed  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  at  Hopkin  's  grammar 
school  of  New  Haven;  at  Yale,  Harvard,  university  of  Chicago 
and  at  the  university  of  New  York.  He  has  been  principal  of 
Union  academy  of  Morganfield,  Ky. ;  principal  of  the  high  school 
of  Orwigsboro,  Pa.;  and  principal  of  the  Boys'  high  school  of 
Reading,  Pa.  In  1905  he  became  superintendent  of  the  public 
schools  of  Reading ;  and  resides  in  Reading,  Pa. 

Foote,  Lucius  Harwood,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  diplo 
mat,  was  born  April  10,  1826,  in  Winfield,  N.Y.  He  was  judge  of 
the  municipal  court  of  Sacramento,  Cal.,  from  1854  to  1860 ;  and 
in  1861  was  appointed  collector  of  the  port  of  Sacramento.  He 
was  adjutant-general  of  the  state  from  1872  to  1876 ;  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  consul  at  Valparaiso,  Chili,  in  1879;  and 
was  acting  charge  d'affaires  to  Chili  in  1882.  In  1883  he  was 
appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  of 
the  United  States  to  Corea.  He  is  the  author  of  On  the  Heights ; 
Red  Letter  Day ;  Corean  Folk  Lore ;  and  other  works. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  153 

Foraker,  Joseph  Benson,  soldier,  lawyer,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  July  5,  1846,  near  Rainsboro,  Highland 
county,  Ohio.  He  enlisted  in  1862  as  a  private  in  company  A, 
eighty-ninth  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry.  He  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  at  which  time  he  held  the  rank  of  first  lieu 
tenant  and  brevet  captain.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Cincinnati  in  1879 ;  and  resigned  on  account  of  ill-health 
in  1882.  In  1886-90  he  was  the  thirty-fourth  governor  of  Ohio. 
He  was  again  nominated  for  governor  and  defeated  in  1889 ;  and 
in  1897-1909  he  was  a  United  States  senator. 

Foreman,  Allan,  journalist,  dramatic  critic,  founder,  was  born 
Sept.  27,  1860,  in  Mattituck,  Long  Island,  New  York.  He  was 
educated  in  the  private  schools  and  by  tutors  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ; 
attended  Williams  college,  and  there  specialized  in  economics 
and  English  literature.  He  is  a  dramatic  critic  and  contributor 
to  current  periodicals ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Long  Island  his 
torical  society.  As  a  critic,  correspondent,  editor,  publisher,  syn- 
dicator  and  traveler  he  has  held  a  prominent  place  in  the  journal 
istic  world  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  1884  he 
founded  the  Journalist  and  has  since  been  its  editor.  He  has 
traveled  throughout  Europe,  North  Africa  and  Asia ;  and  has  vis 
ited  nearly  every  place  of  interest  on  the  North  American  conti 
nent. 

Forsyth,  James  McQueen,  naval  officer,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1842, 
in  Bahamas,  W.I.  In  1858  he  graduated  from  the  Central  high 
school  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1858-61  he  was  a  sailor;  in  1861 
entered  the  volunteer  navy ;  and  served  throughout  the  civil  war. 
In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  acting  ensign;  in  1864  became  act 
ing  master ;  in  1868  was  commissioned  master ;  became  lieutenant- 
commander  in  1878 ;  was  promoted  to  commander  in  1889 ;  at 
tained  the  rank  of  captain  in  1899 ;  and  in  1901  was  placed  on  the 
retired  list  at  his  own  request,  on  forty  years'  service,  with  the 
rank  of  rear-admiral. 

Fort,  John  Franklin,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was  born  March 
20,  1852,  in  Pemberton,  N.J.  In  1878-86  he  was  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court  of  Newark,  N.J.  In  1896-1900  he  was  presiding  judge 
Common  Pleas  of  Essex  county,  N.J.  From  1900  to  Sept.,  1907, 
he  was  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Jersey.  He  was 
elected  governor  of  the  state  on  November,  1907,  and  took  office 
January  21,  1908.  His  term  expires  January  16,  1911. 

Forwood,  William  Henry,  military  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  7, 
1838,  in  Brandywine,  Del.  Since  1861  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  military  branch  of  the  United  States  army;  and  at  the  close 
of  the  civil  war  was  in  command  of  the  White  hall  general  hos 
pital  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  now  surgeon  general  of  the  army. 


154  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Fosdick,  Lucian  John,  merchant,  author,  was  born  Feb.  5, 
1849,  in  Lowell,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
at  Comer's  commercial  college  of  Lowell,  Mass.;  and  in  1890  grad 
uated  from  Chautauqua  literary  and  scientific  circles.  Since  1866 
he  has  been  identified  with  the  wholesale  dry  goods  business  in 
Boston,  Mass. ;  is  a  director  of  the  Dorchester  trust  company ;  and 
vice-president  and  trustee  of  the  Dorchester  associates.  He  was 
a  member  of  company  C,  sixth  regiment  Massachusetts  national 
guard.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Boston  baptist  society ;  and 
has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  has 
also  made  a  success  of  cranberry  culture  and  is  the  author  of  a 
Monograph  on  Cranberry  Culture.  He  is  also  the  author  of 
French  Blood  in  America ;  and  other  works. 

Foss,  Cyrus  David,  educator,  clergyman,  bishop,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1834,  in  Kingston,  N.Y.  In  1854  he  graduated  from 
the  Wesleyan  university;  and  for  three  years  was  an  instructor 
in  Amenia  seminary  of  New  York.  In  1857  he  enterd  the  trav 
eling  ministry;  was  for  six  years  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn;  and 
for  ten  years  pastor  in  churches  in  New  York  City.  In  1875-80  he 
was  president  of  the  Wesleyan  universty ;  and  in  1880  was  elected 
and  ordained  a  bishop  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church.  His 
residence  has  since  been  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  and  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  His  duties  have  taken  him  to  many  lands ;  and  he  has 
twice  traveled  completely  around  the  globe.  He  has  published 
Sermons  and  Addresses,  and  other  works. 

Foster,  Ernest  Le  Nevre,  mining  engineer,  was  born  Jan.  23, 
1849,  in  London,  England.  After  receiving  the  rudiments  of  his 
education,  he  followed  courses  at  the  royal  school  of  mines  in 
London ;  and  in  1866-69  at  Freiberg,  Saxony.  He  began  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Italy;  and  since  1872  has  practiced  in 
Colorado.  In  1883-84  he  was  state  geologist  of  Colorado ;  and  is 
now  a  successful  mining  engineer  of  that  state.  Since  1883  he 
has  been  a  fellow  of  the  geological  society  of  London;  has  been 
president  of  the  Colorado  scientific  society;  and  is  a  member  of 
several  other  scientific  societies. 

Foster,  Herbert  Sidney,  soldier,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1853,  in  Ca 
lais,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  the  United  States  military  academy. 
In  1867-69  he  was  messenger  in  the  Vermont  house  of  representa 
tives  ;  and  in  1870  was  messenger  in  the  constitutional  convention. 
In  1890-93  he  was  professor  of  military  science  and  tactics  at  the 
university  of  Vermont.  In  1891-92  he  was  commander  of  the 
Vermont  division  of  the  sons  of  veterans.  He  has  been  second 
lieutenant,  first  lieutenant,  captain,  major,  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
since  1905  has  held  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  United  States  army ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  155 

was  retired  from  active  service  in  1906;  and  resides  in  North 
Calais,  Vt. 

Foulke,  William  Dudley,  lawyer,  legislator,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  20,  1848,  in  New  York  City.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  state  senate ;  has  been  president  of  the  Indiana  civil 
service  reform  association;  was  United  States  civil  service  com 
missioner;  and  as  president  of  the  American  woman's  suffrage 
association.  He  is  editor  of  the  Evening  Item  of  Richmond,  Ind. 
He  is  the  author  of  Slav  and  Saxon  Life  of  Oliver  P.  Morton ;  Pro 
tean  Papers;  and  other  works. 

Francis,  David  Rowland,  merchant,  governor,  was  born  Oct. 
1,  1850,  in  Richmond,  Ky.  In  1870  he  graduated  from  the  Wash 
ington  university.  In  1877  he  established  the  commission  house 
of  D.  R.  Francis  and  brother.  He  is  the  head  of  the  firm;  and 
has  interests  in  other  corporations  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1885-89 
he  was  mayor  of  St.  Louis ;  and  in  1889-93  he  was  the  twenty-third 
governor  of  Missouri.  In  1896-97  he  was  secretary  of  the  interior 
of  the  United  States.  In  1904  he  was  president  of  the  Louisiana 
purchase  exposition.  He  is  first  vice-president  of  the  Merchants' 
Laclede  national  bank ;  is  president  of  the  hospital  Saturday  and 
Sunday  association;  and  also  president  of  the  Merchants'  ex 
change. 

Freeman,  W.  Winans,  business  president,  was  born  June  8, 
1872,  in  Ontario,  Canada.  He  was  educated  in  the  grammar  and 
high  schools  of  Ontario ;  and  began  his  business  life  as  a  stenogra 
pher.  He  became  assistant  secretary  in  the  employ  of  the  Edison 
electric  and  illuminating  company  of  Brooklyn  City,  N.Y.  and 
gradually  advanced  to  secretary,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  is 
now  vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the  company  and  of 
several  allied  companies.  He  is  also  vice-president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Kings  county  electric  light  and  power  company; 
vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the  Amsterdam  electric 
light,  heat  and  power  company;  is  president  of  the  Edison  con 
struction  company;  and  is  treasurer  and  director  in  other  cor 
porations.  He  is  president  of  the  asociatiou  of  Edison  illuminat 
ing  companies  of  the  United  States;  and  also  vice-president  of 
various  societies  and  associations. 

Freiner,  John  Robert,  business  man,  lumberman,  statesman, 
was  born  April  21,  1859,  in  Fairfield,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  state  and  graduated  from  the 
Capac  high  school.  He  is  a  successful  lumberman  of  McArthur, 
Ohio.  He  is  a  representative  in  the  Ohio  state  legislature;  and 
was  the  author  of  Ohio's  two-cent  rate  law,  which  is  the  first 
straight  two-cent  rate  law  ever  passed  in  the  United  States. 


156  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

French,  Amos  Tuck,  banker,  was  born  July  20,  1863,  in  Bos 
ton,  Mass.  In  1885  he  graduated  from  Harvard  university  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  For  three  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  stock  exchange ;  is  vice-president  and  director  of  the  Man 
hattan  trust  company;  director  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  railway ;  director  of  the  Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  Louis 
ville  railroad;  and  a  director  in  various  other  corporations.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce ;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  historical  society  and  various  clubs. 

French,  Andrew,  farmer,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1859, 
in  Green  Lake  county,  Wis.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  state.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  agricul 
tural  pursuits ;  and  is  secretary  of  the  Plainview  farmers  mutual 
fire  insurance  company.  He  has  been  a  representative  in  the 
Minnesota  state  legislature ;  was  chairman  of  the  township  board 
of  supervisors ;  and  for  three  terms  served  as  mayor  of  Plainview. 
He  is  now  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  state  board  of  equalization. 

French,  Burton  Lee,  United  States  congressman  from  Idaho, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1875,  near  Delphi,  Ind.  In  1880  he  moved  to 
Kearney,  Neb. ;  and  in  1882  moved  to  Idaho.  He  graduated  from 
fellow  in  the  university  of  Chicago  in  1901  and  1902,  graduating 
in  1903  with  the  degree  of  Ph.M.  He  was  elected  upon  the  re 
publican  ticket  to  the  house  of  representatives  in  the  fifth  session 
the  university  of  Idaho  in  1901  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  and  was 
of  the  Idaho  legislature  in  1898 ;  and  re-elected  in  1900  He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth  congress  and  the  fifty-ninth  congress 
at  large  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress  from  Idaho  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and  resides  in  Moscow, 
Idaho. 

French,  George  Hazen,  curator  Southern  Illinois  normal  uni 
versity,  was  born  March  19,  1841,  in  Tully,  N.Y.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  normal  school  of  Cortland,  N.Y. ;  and  received  the 
degre  of  A.M.  from  the  Illinois  agricultural  college.  He  was  assis 
tant  state  entomologist  of  Illinois  in  1877-78 ;  and  also  filled  that 
position  afterward  for  parts  of  two  years.  He  has  written  for 
scientific  publications;  and  is  the  author  of  several  Monographs. 
He  now  fills  the  chair  of  biology  and  curator  in  the  Southern  Illi 
nois  normal  university ;  and  resides  in  Carbondale,  111. 

French,  Thomas,  educator,  electrician,  scientist,  was  born  Jan. 
15,  1848,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1872  he  graduated  from  Harvard 
university  took  post-graduate  studies  in  Munich  polytechnic;  in 
1873  attended  the  Munich  and  Berlin  universities;  in  1874-76 
studied  at  Heidelberg  university ;  and  has  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.  and  Ph.D.  In  1878-82  he  was  professor  of  physics  and  math 
ematics  at  Urbana  university;  and  in  1883-1900  was  professor  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  157 

physics  at  the  university  of  Cincinnati.  In  1905  he  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  New  Jerusalem  church.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science;  and  a  life 
member  of  the  Central  history  society  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  is 
associate  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Terrestrial  Magnetism;  and  a 
contributor  to  technical  journals  on  physics  and  electrical  science. 

Preund,  John  C.,  musical  editor,  publisher,  dramatist,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1848,  in  London,  England.  He  was  educated  in  the 
city  of  London  school;  and  in  Oxford  and  London  universities. 
While  at  Oxford  he  founded  and  edited  the  Dark  Blue  Magazine. 
In  1870  his  first  play,  The  Tinder-Graduate,  was  produced  at  the 
Queen's  theatre  at  London,  England.  Since  1871  he  has  been 
connected  with  trade  journalism  in  New  York  City;  and  founded 
and  was  the  proprietor  of  the  Hat,  Cap  and  Fur  Trade  Review. 
He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  magazine,  dramatic  and  musical 
trade  journalism  in  the  United  States.  In  1873  he  was  the  first 
to  start  a  music  trade  paper  in  the  English  language  in  New 
York  City;  which  later  developed  from  it  to  the  Musical  and 
Dramatic  Times.  His  second  play,  True  Nobility,  was  produced 
at  McVicker's  theater  of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  established  and 
edited  several  music  trade  papers;  and  is  now  editor  and  chief 
owner  of  Musical  America ;  and  is  president  of  the  Musical  Amer 
ica  company  of  New  York  City. 

Fries,  John  William,  manufacturer,  banker,  jurist,  inventor, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1846,  in  Salem,  N.C.  He  is  a  cotton  and  woolen 
manufacturer,  and  president  of  the  People's  national  bank  of 
Winston,  N.C.  He  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  of  Forsyth 
county,  N.C. ;  was  presiding  justice  of  the  county  court  for  six 
years;  and  in  1899  was  a  delegate  to  the  general  synod  of  the 
Moravian  church  which  met  in  Germany.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  monetary  commission  which  proposed  a  plan  of  currency  re 
form;  and  is  the  author  of  numerous  articles  on  sound  money 
questions.  He  has  taken  out  a  number  of  American  and  foreign 
patents,  the  most  notable  of  which  have  been  for  improvements 
in  processes  and  machines  for  coloring  cotton  warps  and  fabrics. 

Frizell,  Horton,  surgeon-general  Mississippi  national  guard, 
was  born  June  24,  1867,  in  Mississippi.  In  1889  he  graduated 
from  Vanderbilt  university;  and  also  holds  a  diploma  from  the 
medical  department  of  the  university  of  Nashville.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  physician  and  surgeon  of  Mississippi;  and  a  member  of 
the  leading  medical  societies.  He  is  surgeon-general  in  the  Mis 
sissippi  national  guard,  with  rank  of  colonel;  and  in  1904  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  governor's  staff;  and  resides  in  Dea- 
eonville,  Miss. 


158  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Froehlich,  William  H.,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  June 
22,  1857,  in  Jackson,  Wis.,  his  present  home.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public,  private  and  parochial  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  graduated  from  the  Spencerian  business  college  of 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  Since  1880  he  has  been  a  dealer  in  general  mer 
chandise  and  grain  in  his  native  city.  He  was  postmaster  during 
1881-93 ;  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  since  1887 ;  and  a  member 
of  the  school  board  since  1891.  Since  1893  he  has  been  town 
clerk ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  the  Wisconsin  state 
legislature  in  1894-98.  In  1898  he  was  elected  secretary  of  state. 

Frost,  William  Goodell,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  July  2,  1854,  in  Le  Roy,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Beloit 
college;  in  1876  graduated  from  Oberlin  college;  afterward  stu 
died  at  Wooster  university  of  Ohio  and  at  Harvard  and  Gottingen 
universities ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  D.D.  and  Ph.D.  In 
1879-82  he  was  professor  of  Greek  language  and  literature  at 
Oberlin  college  of  Ohio ;  and  since  1892  has  been  president  of 
Berea  college  of  Kentucky.  He  is  the  author  of  Inductive  Stud 
ies  in  Oratory;  and  Greek  Primer. 

Fruit,  John  Phelps,  educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1855, 
in  Pembroke,  Ky.  He  has  held  numerous  professorships  in  Ken 
tucky  and  Tennessee ;  and  since  1897  has  been  professor  of  Eng 
lish  languages  and  literature  in  the  William  Jewell  college.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Mind  and  Art  of  Poe's  Poetry;  Editor  of 
Lycidas;  The  Ancient  Mariner;  and  other  works. 

Fryatt,  Frances  E.,  editor,  author,  was  born  in  New  York  City. 
For  sixten  years  she  has  been  engaged  in  editorial  work.  For  ten 
years  she  has  been  a  specialist  on  home  decoration  in  the  Art  Ex 
change  ;  and  is  a  writer  of  monographs  on  the  Decorative  Arts, 
is  the  author  of  Lunar  Lore  and  Portraiture;  and  various  other 
articles  and  stories  in  current  American  periodicals. 

Fryer,  John,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1839,  in  Eng 
land.  In  1861-96  he  lived  in  China ;  and  translated  or  wrote  over 
one  hundred  works  published  in  the  Chinese  language,  besides 
others  in  English.  Since  1896  he  has  been  professor  of  oriental 
languages  and  literature  in  the  university  of  California. 

Fuller,  Caroline  Macomber,  composer,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1873,  in  Bangor,  Maine.  She  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Orange,  N.J. ;  and  in  1895  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  B.Litt.  from  Smith  college.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Women's 
university  club  of  New  York  City ;  and  resides  in  Princeton,  N.J. 
She  is  the  author  of  Across  the  Campus;  The  Alley  Cat's  Kitten; 
also  The  Flight  of  Puss  Pandora;  The  Shepherd  of  the  Day; 
Three  Songs  from  Robert  Browning;  Brunhilda's  Paying  Guest; 
and  numerous  songs  and  musical  comedies. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  159 

Fulmore,  Zachary  Taylor,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  11,  1846,  in  Robeson  county,  N.C.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  at  the  North  Carolina  military  institute.  In 
1861-64  he  attended  the  Bingham  school;  then  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  North  Carolina  artillery;  was  in  the  engagements  at 
Fort  Fisher ;  and  was  a  prisoner  of  war.  In  1866-70  he  attended 
the  university  of  Virginia;  since  1871  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  Austin,  Texas ;  and  until  1896  was  a  trustee  of 
the  state  instituion  for  the  blind.  In  1880-86  he  was  county  judge 
of  Travis  county,  Texas;  in  1892  was  appointed  one  of  the  three 
commissioners  to  codify  the  laws  of  Texas.  For  nineteen  years  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  public  schools 
for  Austin ;  and  in  1903-08  was  president  of  the  board.  He  is  the 
author  of  Geography  of  Texas;  History  of  the  Geography  of 
Texas;  and  other  works. 

Fulton,  Charles  William,  United  States  senator  from  Oregon, 
was  born  Aug.  24,  1853,  in  Lima,  Ohio.  In  1855-71  he  lived  in 
Magnolia,  Iowa,  where  he  received  his  education.  In  1873-74  he 
taught  school  in  Pawnee  City,  Neb. ;  and  since  1875  has  practiced 
law  in  Astoria,  Ore.  He  became  city  attorney ;  in  1888  was  a  presi 
dential  elector;  and  in  1890-1904  was  a  member  of  the  Oregon 
state  senate.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the 
term  of  1903-09 ;  and  resides  in  Astoria,  Ore. 

Fulton,  James  A.,  founder  and  secretary  of  the  American 
monetary  league,  was  born  April  17,  1874,  in  Allegheny  county, 
Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Other  Sides  of  the  Money  Question. 
He  is  city  and  school  treasurer  of  McKeesport  for  the  term  of 
1909-12 ;  and  resides  in  McKeesport,  Pa. 

Fulton,  Robert  Burwell,  educator,  scientist,  was  born  April  8, 
1849,  in  Scranton  county,  Ala.  In  1875-1906  he  was  professor  of 
physics  and  astronomy,  and  in  1892-1906  was  chancellor  in  the 
university  of  Mississippi.  Since  1906  he  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Miller  school  of  Virginia.  In  1899  he  was  president  of  the 
Southern  educational  association.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous 
addresses  and  articles  on  educational  subjects. 

Funkhouser,  Robert  Daniel,  soldier,  farmer,  stockraiser,  was 
born  April  9,  1837,  near  Bentonville,  Pa.  In  1861  he  entered  the 
confederate  service  as  third  lieutenant;  and  became  first  lieu 
tenant,  captain  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  company  D,  and  the 
forty-ninth  regiment  Virginia  infantry.  He  led  his  regiment  in 
the  charge  on  Fort  Steadman.  For  twelve  years  he  was  comman 
der  of  Storen  camp  number  fifteen  hundred  United  confederate 
veterans  of  Virginia  at  Strasburg,  Va. ;  and  brigadier-general 
commanding  third  brigade  Virginia  division  United  confederate 
veterans.  All  his  life  he  has  been  a  model  farmer  and  stockraiser ; 


160  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

for  nineteen  years  was  superintendent  of  the  Shenandoah  county 
almshouse  and  county  farm.  He  was  for  nine  years  a  justice  of 
the  peace ;  for  nine  years  was  county  supervisor ;  and  for  twelve 
years  was  a  notary  public. 

Furber,  Henry  Jewett,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  May  15,  1865, 
in  Green  Bay,  Wis.  In  1886  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.S. 
from  the  university  of  Chicago ;  and  in  1886-90  studied  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Berlin,  Vienna,  Leipzig  and  Halle;  and  has  received 
the  degrees  of  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  and  B.S.  He  studied  law  in  the  North 
western  university  law  school ;  and  in  1892-94  was  professor  of 
economics  in  that  institution.  In  1897-1900  he  was  first  vice-pres 
ident  of  the  National  life  insurance  company  of  Washington, 
D.C. ;  and  since  1897  has  practiced  law  in  New  York  city.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  works  in  German ;  and  various  contributions 
to  economical  journals. 

Furniss,  John  P.,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1841, 
in  Columbus,  Miss.  In  1860  he  graduated  from  the  university 
of  Mississippi.  He  served  as  assistant  surgeon  in  the  confederate 
service  during  the  civil  war.  He  has  been  state  medical  referee 
for  the  Mutual  benefit  life  insurance  company  of  Newark,  N.  J. ; 
is  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  health  and  is  now  one  of  the 
leading  physicians  of  Alabama,  in  which  state  he  has  a  large  prac 
tice  at  Selma. 

Gadsden,  Philip  Henry,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1867,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  state  legislature ;  and  is  president  of  the  Charleston 
consolidated  railway,  gas  and  electric  company. 

Gage,  Lyman  Judson,  banker,  financier,  cabinet  officer,  was 
born  June  28,  1836,  in  Deruyter,  N.Y.  He  became  cashier  of  the 
First  National  bank  in  Chicago  in  1868.  Its  charter  expiring,  the 
bank  was  reorganized  in  1882,  with  a  capital  of  three  million  dol 
lars  ;  and  Mr.  Gage  was  made  vice-president  and  general  manager 
and  in  1891  he  was  elected  president.  He  was  president  of  the 
local  corporation  having  charge  of  the  Columbian  World's  fair 
in  1893 ;  and  was  also  president  of  the  civic  federation.  In  1897- 
1902  he  was  secretary  of  the  United  States  treasury. 

Gage,  Simon  Henry,  educator,  physiologist,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  May  20,  1851,  in  Otsego  county,  N.Y.  In  1877  he  grad 
uated  from  Cornell  university;  in  1878  became  an  assistant  pro 
fessor;  and  for  many  years  was  professor  in  Cornell  university. 
He  has  made  a  specialty  of  histology  and  embryology.  In  1889 
he  studied  in  Europe.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association 
for  the  advancement  of  science.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
American  Journal  of  Anatomy.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Micro- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  161 

scope  and  Microscopic  Methods;  Anatomical  Technology;  and 
numerous  papers  on  biological  subjects. 

Games,  John  Wesley,  United  States  congressman  from  Tennes 
see,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1861,  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  In  1892  he  was 
elector  on  the  Cleveland  ticket  and  led  in  the  ballot;  and  after 
wards  becoming  a  leading  exponent  of  free  silver  in  his  district. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth  and  fifty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Tennessee  for 
the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and  resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Galbreath,  Charles  Burleigh,  state  librarian  of  Ohio,  was  born 
Feb.  25,  1858,  near  Lisbon,  Ohio.  His  early  life  was  spent  on  the 
farm ;  and  at  the  age  of  seventen  he  began  teaching  in  the  rural 
schools.  In  1879  he  completed  a  course  in  the  Lisbon  high  school ; 
and  the  same  year  entered  Mt.  Union  college,  from  which  he  grad 
uated  in  1883,  subsequently  receiving  the  degre  of  A.M.  from 
that  institution.  In  1883-85  he  was  superintendent  of  schools  of 
East  Palestine,  Ohio.  He  resigned  to  accept  a  position  in  Mt. 
Hope  college,  of  which  instituion  he  became  president.  In  1885- 
93  he  was  also  school  examiner  for  Columbiana  county,  Ohio ;  and 
for  two  years  was  editor  of  The  Reveille,  now  The  Reveille  Echo. 
He  is  the  author  of  Sketches  of  Ohio  Librarian ;  First  Newspaper 
in  Ohio;  Song  Writers  of  Ohio;  Shall  the  State  Kill,  a  word  on 
Capital  Punishment ;  and  several  monographs.  Since  1896  he  has 
been  state  librarian  of  Ohio ;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Gallagher,  Nicholas  Aloysius,  college  president,  bishop,  was 
born  Feb.  19,  1846,  in  Temperanceville,  Ohio.  He  attended  the 
St.  Mary's  seminary  of  Cincinati,  Ohio;  was  ordained  a  priest  in 
1868;  in  1871-75  was  president  of  St.  Aloysius'  seminary  of  Co 
lumbus,  Ohio;  and  was  also  pastor  of  St.  Patrick's  church  of  that 
city.  In  1878-80  he  was  administrator  of  the  diocese  of  Colum 
bus;  vicar-general  in  1880-82,  when  he  was  consecrated  Roman 
catholic  bishop  of  Galveston,  Texas. 

Gallizier,  Nathan,  litterateur,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1866, 
in  Milan,  Italy.  He  was  educated  at  the  Royal  college  of  Lud- 
wigsburg,  Germany ;  since  1882  has  been  a  resident  of  the  United 
tates  and  resides  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  periodical  literature;  and  is  the  author  of  numerous 
works  in  English  and  German.  He  is  the  author  of  Ignis  Fatuus ; 
A  Dream  from  the  Rococo;  Castel  del  Monte,  a  romance  of  the 
fall  of  the  Hohenstauffer  dynasty  in  Italy ;  The  Sorceress  of  Rome, 
a  tale  of  the  Millennium;  Lucrezia  Borgia,  a  tale  of  the  Renais 
sance;  and  several  other  works. 

Gallup,  Asa  Oran,  lawyer,  manager,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1865, 
in  Alexandria,  Va.  In  1888  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.A. 


162  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

from  Yale  university ;  and  subsequently  with  the  degree  of  L.L.B. 
from  the  New  York  law  school.  In  1889-90  he  was  examiner  in 
science  in  the  New  York  state  university.  In  1890-91  he  was  re 
porting  clerk  in  the  university  state  of  New  York;  in  1892-95 
chief  clerk ;  and  in  1892-95  was  deputy  secretary.  Since  1900  he 
has  been  secretary,  treasurer  and  general  manager  of  Lake  Placid 
club  of  Essex  county,  N.Y.  He  has  been  president  of  the  anti- 
saloon  league.  In  1908  he  was  republican  presidential  elector 
from  the  twenty-sixth  congressional  district ;  and  has  held  various 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Gannett,  William  H.,  state  representative  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  1851,  in  Augusta,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  state.  About  1888  he  began  the  publication  of  a 
family  paper  entitled  Comfort,  which  now  has  a  circulation  of 
over  one  million  copies.  Since  1903  he  has  been  a  representative 
of  the  Maine  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

Garden,  Hugh  Richardson,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  July  9, 
1840,  in  Sumter,  S.C.  He  graduated  from  South  Carolina  college. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  civil  war ;  and  supervised  the  construc 
tion  of  cannon  using  up  many  church  bells  of  South  Carolina 
towns.  After  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  he  studied  law  and  prac 
ticed  for  fifteen  years  in  Warrenton,  Va.  For  two  years  he  was 
president  of  the  New  York  southern  society.  For  many  years  he 
was  identified  with  the  affairs  of  the  south ;  and  now  practices 
law  in  New  York  City. 

Gardener,  Cornelius,  army  officer,  founder,  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1849,  in  Netherlands,  Europe.  He  was  educated  at  Holland  acad 
emy;  at  Hope  college  of  Holland,  Mich.,  from  which  institution 
he  received  the  degrees  of  A.B. ;  and  graduated  from  West  Point 
military  academy.  He  has  been  second  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant 
and  also  captain  of  the  nineteenth  United  States  infantry ;  major 
in  the  thirteenth  infantry;  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  twenty-first 
infantry;  colonel  in  the  thirty-first  Michigan  volunteers;  and 
colonel  of  the  thirtieth  United  States  volunteers.  During  the 
Spanish,  Cuban  and  Philippine  wars  he  was  civil  governor  of  the 
province  of  Tayabas,  Luzon,  P.I. ;  and  while  civil  governor  of  that 
province  reported  to  the  war  department  the  tortures  and  cruel 
ties  of  native  Philippines  by  soldiers.  While  stationed  in  Michi 
gan,  he  was  the  originator  and  in  charge  of  the  popular  Pingree 
potato  patches  at  Detroit,  Mich.  He  is  now  colonel  of  the  six 
teenth  infantry,  United  States  army.  He  is  a  member  of  th^ 
geographical  society  of  California;  a  member  of  the  Order  of 
Indian  Wars,  and  other  societies. 

Gardiner,  Joseph  Warren,  lawyer,  jurist,  poet,  was  born  March 
2,  1836,  in  North  Kingstown,  R.I.  He  studied  medicine  for  two 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  163 

years  and  subsequently  engaged  in  educational  work.  He  has 
lived  in  various  states  of  the  Union ;  has  published  several  news 
papers,  and  was  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Dixie  Optic  of  Jeffer 
son,  N.C.  In  1869  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  attained 
success  as  a  lawyer  at  Brewster,  Neb.,  where  he  has  been  prose 
cuting  attorney,  and  has  been  a  successful  judge.  He  has  served 
as  United  States  pension  agent  and  has  filled  various  public  posi 
tions  of  honor.  He  has  contributed  extensively  both  prose  and 
verse  to  the  periodical  press,  and  many  of  his  poems  have  been 
incorporated  into  standard  works. 

Garrigan,  Philip  Joseph,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools ;  at  St.  Charles  col 
lege  in  Maryland;  and  in  philological  and  theological  studies  at 
the  Provincial  seminary  at  Troy,  N.Y.  In  1870  he  was  ordained 
priest ;  and  in  1872-75  was  a  director  of  the  Troy  seminary.  In 
1875-88  he  was  pastor  of  St.  Bernard 's  church  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 
He  was  called  to  assist  as  vice-rector  in  establishing  a  catholic 
university  in  Washington,  D.C.  In  1902  he  was  consecrated 
Roman  catholic  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

Garrigus,  Milton,  soldier,  educator,  lawyer,  statesman,  was 
born  on  Sept.  27,  1831,  in  Wayne  county,  Ind.  For  seventeen 
terms  he  taught  school,  and  in  1859-60  was  school  examiner,  and 
he  was  also  postmaster  at  Greentown.  During  the  war  he  served 
as  captain  and  acting  adjutant  on  the  staff  of  General  Mason  of 
the  regular  army  during  1864-65.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1859,  and  since  1889  has  been  president  of  the  Howard  county 
bar  association.  For  three  years  he  was  superintendent  of  schools, 
and  in  1878  was  elected  state  senator,  serving  with  distinction  for 
four  years.  He  was  twice  elected  county  auditor,  his  second  term 
of  four  years  expiring  in  1900.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the  re 
publican  county  committee  for  fifteen  terms.  He  is  one  of  the 
Indiana  commissioners  to  erect  monuments  for  Indiana  troops  on 
Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain  battlefields. 
He  was  twice  commander  of  his  post  of  the  Grand  army  of  the 
republic,  and  has  been  inspector-general  of  Indiana. 

Garthe,  Steiner  C.,  farmer,  fruit  grower,  public  official,  jurist, 
was  born  in  1851  in  Norway.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
and  parochial  schools  in  Norway ;  and  in  1868  came  to  Northport, 
Mich.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  a  successful  farmer  and 
fruit  grower  of  Leelanau  county,  Mich. ;  for  fourteen  years  served 
faithfully  as  supervisor  of  Leelanau  township;  and  has  always 
been  interested  in  the  progressive  welfare  and  good  government 
of  his  county.  He  was  the  judge  of  the  probate  court  for  Lee 
lanau  county  for  the  term  of  1904-08. 


164  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Gary,  Elbert  Henry,  lawyer,  jurist,  banker,  was  born  Oct.  8 
1846,  in  Wheaton,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools ;  at 
Wheaton  college ;  and  in  1867  he  graduated  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  Chicago  university.  In  1867  he  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law  in  Illinois;  and  in  1878  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He  was  general  counsel 
of  several  railroad  companies,  manufactories  and  other  corpora 
tions.  In  1893-94  he  was  president  of  the  Chicago  bar  association. 
He  was  connected  with  the  organization  of  the  Federal  steel  com 
pany  ;  and  in  1898  retired  from  the  practice  of  law  to  become  pres 
ident  of  that  company.  He  was  prominently  identified  with  the 
organization  of  the  United  States  steel  company.  He  is  chairman 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Allis-Chalmers  company ;  president 
of  the  Gary-Wheaton  bank  of  Wheaton,  111. ;  and  is  a  director  of 
several  banks  in  Chicago,  New  York  and  many  other  corporations. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Northwestern  university ;  and  is  the  builder 
of  the  Gary  memorial  church  in  Wheaton,  Ind.  He  is  the  real 
founder  of  Gary,  Ind.,  destined  to  become  the  greatest  steel  manu 
facturing  city  in  America. 

Gast,  Frederick  Augustus,  clergyman,  educator,  was  born  Oct. 
17,  1835,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  In  1867  he  became  rector  of  the 
academy  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  college,  and  in  1871  he  was 
appointed  tutor  in  the  theological  seminary,  when  he  was  trans 
ferred  from  Mercersburg  to  Lancaster.  In  1909  he  was  professor 
of  Hebrew  and  old  testament  theology;  and  after  a  continuous 
service  of  thirty-seven  years  was  retired  as  professor  emeritus. 

Gaston,  Samuel  Burns,  farmer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec.  19, 
1855,  near  Roanoke,  Ala.  He  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the 
religious  and  social  affairs  of  his  community,  and  in  1892  and 
again  in  1896  represented  his  county  in  the  state  democratic  con 
ventions.  In  1896-97  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of 
the  Alabama  state  legislature;  and  in  1900  was  a  candidate  for 
that  office.  He  writes  extensively  for  the  periodical  press,  and  is 
a  successful  farmer  of  Wildwood,  Ala.  He  is  also  prominent  in 
Masonic  circles;  and  was  president  of  a  lodge  in  the  Farmer's 
alliance  for  several  years. 

Gates,  Elmer,  psychologist,  inventor,  scientist,  author,  was 
born  in  1859  in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough  education 
in  public  and  private  schools;  and  was  always  interested  in  ex 
perimental  study  of  the  natural  sciences,  especially  in  psychology. 
He  is  the  founder  and  director  of  the  Elmer  Gates  laboratory  of 
psychology  and  psychurgy  at  Chevy  Chase,  Md.  He  has  four  lab 
oratories  and  eighteen  assistants.  He  is  the  inventor  of  the  elec 
tric  loom;  and  the  dramaquelic  and  magnetic  gold  and  iron  sep- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  165 

arators.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  scientific  articles;  and  of 
Psychology  and  Psychurgy,  in  three  volumes. 

Gates,  George  Augustus,  educator,  clergyman,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  Jan.  24,  1851,  in  Topsham,  Vt.  He  is  a 
clergyman  of  the  congregational  church.  In  1887-1901  he  was 
president  of  Iowa  college ;  and  since  1902  has  been  president  of 
the  Pomona  college  at  Claremont,  Cal.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Foe 
to  American  Schools. 

Gaynor,  William  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  in  1851  in  Whites- 
town,  N.Y.  In  1893-1907  he  was  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  York. 

Gazzam,  Joseph  M,,  lawyer,  banker,  statesman,  was  born  Dec. 
2,  1842,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  received  a  thorough  education ;  and 
graduated  from  the  Western  university  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1864 
he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law;  and  several  years  later 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  supreme  courts  of  Pennsylvania 
and  the  United  States.  In  1864-79  he  practiced  his  profession  in 
Pittsburg;  and  was  a  member  of  the  city  council.  In  1879  he 
moved  to  Philadelphia;  and  his  practice  has  been  almost  exclu 
sively  in  connection  with  corporate  enterprises  and  interests.  He 
has  attained  success  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his  native 
state;  and  enjoys  a  large  practice.  He  has  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Quaker  City  national  bank;  president  of  the  Kenil- 
worth  land  company  of  Asheville,  N.C. ;  president  of  the  Rees 
Walsh  law  and  digest  publishing  company ;  and  an  officer  or  di 
rector  of  the  Union  league  club;  the  Lawyers'  club;  the  Franklin 
institute  and  the  historical  society  of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  member 
of  the  Reform  club  of  New  York  City,  and  various  other  clubs 
and  societies. 

Gearin,  John  M.,  United  States  senator  from  Oregon,  was  born 
in  Umatilla,  Ore.,  Aug.  15,  1851 ;  educated  in  the  public  schools ; 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1874  and  city  attorney 
of  Portland  in  1876 ;  though  a  democrat  in  politics  he  had  the  in 
dorsement  of  the  republicans  and  was  appointed  United  States 
senator  to  fill  an  unexpired  term. 

Genth,  Frederick  A.,  chemist,  scientist,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1855, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Frederick  A. 
Genth.  In  1883-88  he  was  assistant  professor  of  chemistry  at  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania.  Since  1888  he  has  been  engaged  in 
general  practice  as  an  analytical  and  expert  chemist  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. ;  and  acted  as  chemist  to  the  state  pharmaceutical  exam 
ining  board  of  Pennsylvania. 

Geraghty,  Martin  J.,  clergyman,  was  born  Nov.  11,  1867,  in 
Carthage,  N.Y.  In  1882-85  he  studied  in  the  Villanova  college; 


166  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

in  1885  entered  the  Augustinian  novitiate;  and  in  1890  was  or 
dained  a  priest  of  the  Roman  catholic  church.  He  fills  a  pastor 
ate  in  Chestnut  Hill,  Pa.;  and  since  1904  has  been  prior  of  the 
provincial  of  the  order  in  the  United  States.  He  founded  the  St. 
Rita's  hall,  Villanova. 

Gibbs,  William  J.,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1847,  in  Bienville 
Parish,  La.  He  graduated  in  law  from  the  Washington  and  Lee 
university  with  the  degree  of  B.L.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  and 
real  estate  dealer  of  Corsicana,  Texas,  where  he  has  held  the  office 
of  city  attorney  for  three  terms.  He  has  served  as  mayor  of 
Mexia;  and  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  of  Limestone  county, 
Texas. 

Gibney,  Virgil  Pendleton,  orthopedic  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  29,  1847,  in  Jessamine  county,  Ky.  He  has  been  for 
several  years  surgeon-in-chief  to  hospital  for  ruptured  and  crip 
pled;  consulting  orthopedic  surgeon  to  the  nursery  and  child's 
hospital  of  New  York  City ;  and  professor  in  medical  department 
Columbia  university.  He?  is  the  author  of  The  Hip  and  Its  Dis 
eases. 

Gibson,  Paris,  manufacturer,  founder,  United  States  senator, 
was  born  July  1,  1830,  in  Brownfield,  Maine.  In  1858  he  settled 
in  Minneapolis,  Minn. ;  and  built,  with  W.  W.  Eastman,  the  first 
flour  mill  and  first  woolen  mill  in  Minneapolis.  In  1882  he  first 
examined  the  Falls  of  the  Missouri ;  and  at  once  founded  the  city 
of  Great  Falls.  In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that 
framed  the  constitution  of  Montana.  In  1891  he  was  elected  state 
senator  of  Montana ;  and  in  1901-03  he  was  United  States  senator 
from  Montana. 

Giddings,  Charles,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  May  10,  1867, 
in  Great  Harrington,  Mass.  He  received  his  education  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  at  Williams '  college ;  and  in  the  law  department  of  New 
York  university.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  his  native  town; 
and  in  1894  served  as  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of  rep 
resentatives.  He  has  contributed  to  current  literature  valuable 
articles  on  law  and  government. 

Gilbreath,  Sidney  Gordon,  educator,  was  born  April  13,  1869, 
in  Monroe  county,  Tenn.  He  was  county  superintendent  of  schools 
in  1891-95 ;  was  state  superintendent  in  1895-97 ;  was  president  of 
Iliwassee  college  in  1897-99;  and  in  1899-1903  was  professor  in 
the  Peabody  college  for  teachers  of  the  university  of  Nashville. 
Since  1903  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Chattanooga  public 
schools.  In  1897-98  he  was  president  of  the  Tennessee  state  teach 
ers'  association.  In  1895-99  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  board 
of  education ;  and  from  1899  was  a  conductor  of  state  summer  in 
stitutes.  In  1903-08  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Chattanooga 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  167 

public  schools.    He  died  Jan.  1,  1909,  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Gilbert,  Newton  Whiting,  judge  court  of  first  instance  at  Ma 
nila,  Philippine  Islands,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1863,  in  Worthington, 
Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Indiana  and 
at  the  Ohio  state  university,  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  and  has  held  the  office  of  state  senator  and  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  state  of  Indiana.  In  the  war  with  Spain  he  was 
captain  of  company  II,  one  hundred  and  fifty-seventh  Indiana 
volunteer  infantry.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  Indiana  for  the  term  of  1905-07 ;  and 
resigned  from  congress  to  accept  an  appointment  as  judge  of  the 
court  of  first  instance  at  Manila,  Philippine  Islands. 

Gilbertson,  G.  S.,  state  treasurer  of  Iowa,  was  born  Oct.  17, 
1863,  in  Spring  Grove,  Houston  county,  Minn.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state.  For  seven  years  he  was 
clerk  of  the  district  court ;  and  for  four  years  was  a  member  of  the 
Iowa  state  senate.  He  is  president  of  the  Forest  City  national 
bank  of  Forest  City,  Iowa,  which  was  established  in  1895.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  treasurer  of  the  state  of  Iowa;  and  resides  in 
Forest  City,  Iowa. 

Gildersleeve,  Oliver,  merchant,  shipbuilder,  was  born  March 
6,  1844,  in  Gildersleeve,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in  the  district 
school  of  his  native  town ;  attended  Chase  private  school  in  Mid- 
dletown;  and  studied  in  the  public  high  schools  of  Hartford, 
Conn.  At  seventeen  years  of  age  he  began  his  business  life  in  his 
father's  shipyard;  and  for  ten  years  continued  to  work  as  a  prac 
tical  shipbuilder,  interspersed  by  frequent  trips  to  the  United 
States,  Canada  and  Europe.  His  firm  built  the  United  States  gun 
boat  Cayuga  in  1861 ;  and  the  shipyard  has  built  over  one  hundred 
and  fifty  vessels  since  he  became  connected  with  the  business.  He 
is  president  of  the  Portland  water  company  of  Connecticut ;  pres 
ident  of  the  Middlesex  quarry  company  of  Portland,  Conn. ;  pres 
ident  of  the  Phoenix  lead  mining  company  of  Silvercliff,  Col.; 
president  of  the  Gildersleeve  shipbuilding  company,  organized  in 
1909;  is  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Portland  manufacturing 
company ;  and  a  trustee  and  director  in  various  other  financial  and 
industrial  corporations.  Since  1872  he  has  been  superintendent  of 
the  Sunday  school  of  Trinity  church  at  Portland,  Conn.;  and  in 
1900  established  a  memorial  fund  in  connection  with  Trinity 
church.  He  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  river  improvement 
and  the  association  for  the  permanent  improvement  of  the  lower 
Connecticut  river ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor. 

Gillett,  Oren  M.,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born  March  12,  1850,  in 
Bergen,  N.Y.  In  1881-90  he  was  clerk  of  the  district  and  circuit 


168  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

courts  of  Buchanan  county,  Iowa ;  in  1890-92  he  was  cashier  of  the 
Commercial  state  bank  of  Independence,  Iowa;  and  since  1892 
has  been  president  of  that  financial  institution. 

Gillette,  Edwin  Fraser,  designer,  architect,  was  born  Oct.  19, 
1863,  in  Chicago,  111.  In  1869-71  he  studied  in  France ;  in  1872-73 
studied  in  California;  in  1874  continued  his  studies  in  Chicago, 
111. ;  in  1875  in  Dresden,  Germany ;  and  in  1876-79  in  Switzerland. 
In  1880-84  he  attended  the  Rensselaer  polytechnic  institute  of 
Troy,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1906  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.S.  from 
Armour's  institute  of  technology  at  Chicago,  111.  In  1885  he  took 
charge  of  the  office  of  E.  L.  Gillette,  for  real  estate  and  renting ; 
and  since  1892  has  been  manager  of  the  office  of  the  estate  of  E. 
L.  Gillette.  Since  1902  he  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Strang 
engine  company;  and  since  1906  has  been  a  licensed  architect  of 
Chicago,  111.  In  1891  he  traveled  around  the  world ;  and  in  1902- 
03  was  in  Japan. 

Gilliam,  David  Tod,  soldier,  educator,  surgeon,  author,  was 
born  April  3,  1844,  in  Hebron,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools,  Bartlett's  commercial  college  of  Cincinnati,  and  at 
the  medical  college  of  Ohio,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.D.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  the  second  regiment  of  Virginia  cavalry;  and  was 
elected  corporal.  He  was  with  Garfield  in  the  march  against 
Humphrey  Marshall  on  Big  Sandy  River,  Ky.  He  was  sent  to 
Wheeling  as  a  recruiting  officer.  He  later  ascended  the  Kanawha 
river  and  took  part  in  many  skirmishes.  He  was  discharged  in 
1863.  Since  1868  he  has  practiced  medicine  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  president  of  the  Columbus  academy  of  medicine. 
He  has  been  a  professor  of  gynecology  at  the  Starling  medical  col 
lege;  and  gynecologist  to  St.  Anthony's  and  St.  Francis  hospitals. 
He  is  the  author  of  Pocket  Book  of  Medicine ;  and  Essentials  of 
Practical  Gynecology. 

Oilman,  Theodore,  banker,  author,  was  born  Jan.  2,  1841,  in 
Alton,  111.  He  has  been  a  banker  for  forty  years.  He  has  also 
been  chairman,  treasurer,  director,  trustee  and  president  of  va 
rious  railways  and  other  business  and  financial  corporations.  He 
was  the  president  of  the  young  men's  Christian  association  of 
Yonkers,  N.Y. ;  and  is  a  fellow  of  the  national  academy  of  design. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Graded  Banking  System ;  Federal  Clearing 
House ;  and  other  works. 

Glassmann,  William,  journalist,  statesman,  was  born  Nov.  12, 
1858,  in  Davenport,  Iowa.  In  1871  he  left  home  and  went  west  to 
seek  his  fortune.  In  1890  he  was  one  of  the  first  republican  or 
ganizers  in  the  state  of  Utah ;  and  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  political  affairs.  He  is  now  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  The 
Evening  Standard  and  Morning  Examiner  of  Ogden,  Utah,  a  re- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  169 

publican  newspaper,  which  has  become  very  popular  in  the  west. 
He  has  filled  many  positions  of  honor  in  his  adopted  state,  having 
served  as  a  representative  in  the  Utah  state  legislature ;  and  was 
speaker  in  the  fourth  legislature  of  Utah.  He  is  a  successful  ora 
tor  and  political  speaker.  He  was  mayor  of  Ogden  City  for  two 
terms  during  1901-06.  In  1906-09  he  was  postmaster  of  Ogden, 
Utah. 

Glennan,  Arthur  Henry,  government  surgeon,  scientist,  was 
born  July  28,  1853,  in  Rochester,  N.Y.  He  graduated  in  medicine 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  university  City  of  New  York. 
In  1883  he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
marine  hospital  service;  in  1886  became  past  assistant  surgeon; 
in  1898  was  commissioned  surgeon ;  and  in  1903  was  detailed  as 
assistant  surgeon-general.  In  1883-97  he  was  in  command  of 
United  States  marine  hospital  and  quarantine  stations  at  various 
points ;  and  in  1897-98  served  in  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  in  the 
south.  During  General  Shafter's  expedition  to  Cuba  he  was  san 
itary  expert  and  inspector  on  the  west  coast  of  Florida;  in  1899 
was  detailed  to  organize  the  quarantine  service  in  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico ;  and  in  1900  was  detailed  upon  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  Leonard  Wood  as  chief  quarantine  officer  of  Cuba.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  association  of  military  surgeons ;  a  member  of 
the  University  club  and  various  other  societies  and  organizations. 

Glick,  George  Washington,  soldier,  lawyer,  governor,  was 
born  July  4,  1827,  in  Greencastle,  Ohio.  He  began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Fremont,  Ohio;  and  from  1859  continued  the  practice  of 
law  in  Atchison,  Kan.  During  1863-82  he  served  seven  terms  in 
the  Kansas  state  legislature.  He  enlisted  in  the  Mexican  war, 
but  saw  no  service ;  and  served  in  the  civil  war  a  short  time.  In 
1883-85  he  was  the  ninth  governor  of  Kansas.  In  1885-92  he  was 
United  States  pension  agent  for  the  Topeka  agency.  He  was  a 
commissioner  to  the  Centennial,  World's  Columbian  and  St. 
Louis  expositions.  In  1874-1903  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock  raising;  for  thirty-two  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Kansas  state  board  of  agriculture ;  and  in  1902-04  was  its  presi 
dent. 

Goddard,  Luther  M.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  27,  1840,  in 
Palmyra,  N.Y.  In  1882-94  he  was  judge  of  the  fifty  judicial  dis 
trict  of  Colorado.  Since  1901  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Colorado. 

Godfrey,  Calvin  P.,  state  senator  of  Ohio,  was  born  April  11, 
1863,  in  Ottawa,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  high  school  of 
Ottawa,  Ohio;  and  subsequently  graduated  from  the  school  of 
pharmacy  at  the  university  of  Michigan.  For  thirteen  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  drug  business ;  for  eight  years  was  connected 


170  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

with  the  newspaper  business ;  and  at  the  present  has  a  general  in 
terest  in  several  business  enterprises.  For  two  years  he  was  city 
councilman  of  Fostoria,  Ohio;  for  eight  years  was  a  trustee  of 
the  Toledo  medical  college ;  and  for  seven  years  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  health  of  Ottawa,  Ohio.  He  served  two  terms  as  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate  and  was  the  author  of  The  Con 
stitutional  amendment  giving  Ohio 's  governor  the  veto  power  one 
hundred  years  after  their  admission  into  the  union.  Since  1902 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate;  and  resides  in 
Ottawa,  Ohio. 

Goodland,  John,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1831,  in 
Taunton,  England.  In  1849-54  he  lived  in  the  state  of  New  York ; 
and  since  then  has  resided  in  Wisconsin.  In  1854-64  he  lived  in 
Sharon;  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Chicago  and  North 
western  railroad  in  Chicago.  In  1867  he  went  to  Appleton  as 
their  local  agent;  and  resigned  in  1874.  He  then  studied  law, 
and  in  1888  was  elected  district  attorney  of  Outagamie  county, 
Wis.  In  1891  he  was  elected  circuit  judge  of  the  tenth  circuit; 
and  received  the  re-election  in  1897  and  1903 ;  is  now  serving  his 
fourth  term  ending  in  1916 ;  and  resides  in  Appleton,  Wis. 

Goodrich,  Alfred  John,  educator,  musician,  composer,  author, 
was  born  May  8,  1847,  in  Chilo,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento,  Cal.  In  1876  he 
became  a  teacher  of  piano,  singing  and  theory  in  the  Fort  Wayne 
conservatory  of  music;  and  in  1881  became  a  teacher  of  singing 
and  theory  in  the  Beethoven  conservatory  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In 
1888-99  he  was  engaged  in  writing  textbooks  in  Chicago,  111. ; 
and  since  1899  has  been  associated  with  Mrs.  Goodrich  in  con 
ducting  a  private  music  school  in  New  York  City.  Since  1894  he 
has  been  a  contributor  of  articles  on  the  theory,  practice  and 
esthetics  of  musical  art  for  the  New  York  Musical  Courier.  He 
is  also  a  composer  of  songs  and  chamber  music  and  arrangements 
for  orchestra;  and  his  orchestration  of  Rheinberger  Tarantella 
was  successfully  performed  by  the  exposition  orchestra  at  St. 
Louis  in  1904.  He  is  the  author  of  Music  as  a  Language;  Com 
plete  Music  Analysis ;  Analytical  Harmony ;  Theory  of  Interpre 
tation  ;  The  Art  of  Song ;  Guide  in  Memorizing ;  System  of  Strict 
Counterpoint;  and  other  works. 

Gordon,  Charles  Benjamin  William,  clergyman,  journalist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1861,  in  Colerain,  N.C.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Union  university  of  Richmond,  Va.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a  pastor  of  the  baptist  church  of  Petersburg,  Va. ;  and 
since  1886  has  been  editor  of  The  National  Pilot.  He  is  founder 
of  the  American  institute  and  the  National  orphan  home ;  and  has 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  171 

been  president  of  the  national  orphan  and  educational  associa 
tion  since  1891.  He  is  the  author  of  Select  Sermons. 

Gordon,  0.  B.,  chairman  Arkansas  state  democratic  commit 
tee,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1860,  in  Tatnal  county,  Ga.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  in  the  public  schools.  For  ten  years  he  was 
chairman  of  the  Nevada  county  democratic  central  committee; 
and  then  was  elected  chairman  of  the  state  democratic  central 
committee.  Early  in  life  he  attained  success  in  the  practice  of 
law  in  the  supreme  and  inferior  courts ;  and  is  now  cashier  of  the 
Nevada  county  bank.  He  is  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the 
Arkansas  state  national  guard,  with  rank  of  colonel.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  Arkansas  democratic  state 
committee;  and  resides  in  Prescott,  Ark. 

Gould,  George  Milbry,  soldier,  physician,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  8,  1848,  in  Auburn,  Maine.  In  1861  he  accompanied  the  six 
ty-third  regiment  Ohio  volunteers  to  the  front  as  a  drummer  boy ; 
two  years  later  was  discharged  for  disability;  and  in  1865  again 
enlisted  in  the  one  hundred  and  forty-first  regiment  Ohio  volun 
teer  infantry,  with  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Since  1888  he  has  practiced  medicine  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  making 
a  specialty  of  diseases  of  the  eye.  In  1892-94  he  was  ophthalmolo 
gist  to  the  Philadelphia  hospital ;  in  1891-95  he  was  editor  of  the 
Medical  News;  and  in  1898-1900  was  editor  of  the  Philadelphia 
Medical  Journal;  and  since  1900  has  been  editor  of  American 
Medicine.  In  1893-94  he  was  president  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Medicine.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of  Medical  Dictionaries ; 
Diseases  of  the  Eye ;  Suggestions  to  Medical  Writers ;  Biographic 
Clinics;  The  Meaning  and  Method  of  Life;  Borderland  Studies; 
An  Autumn  Singer;  Anomalies  and  Curiosities  of  Medicine; 
American  Year-Book  of  Medicine  and  Surgery;  Cyclopedia  of 
Medicine  and  other  works ;  and  resides  in  Ithaca,  N.Y. 

Gould,  Will  Daniel,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1845, 
in  Cabot,  Vt.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  at  the 
public  and  high  schools  of  his  native  city;  the  academies  of  St. 
Johnsbury  and  Barre,  Vt. ;  and  in  1871  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan.  He  became  principal  of  the  graded  schools 
at  Passumpsic,  Marshfield  and  Plainfield,  Vt. ;  and  was  superin 
tendent  of  schools  in  his  native  town  when  twenty-one  years  of 
age.  In  1872  he  settled  in  Los  Angeles,  CaL,  where  he  has  since 
been  successfully  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  law;  and  re 
sides  in  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

Gove,  William  Henry,  lawyer,  manufacturer,  statesman,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1851,  in  South  Berwick,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town;  attended  Oak  Grove  sem 
inary  of  Vassalboro ;  in  1869  graduated  from  the  high  school  of 


172  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Lynn,  Mass. ;  in  1876  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Har 
vard  college;  and  in  1877  graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Harvard  law  school.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and  mana 
ger  of  manufacturing  corporations  at  Salem,  Mass.  In  1878-81 
he  was  a  member  of  the  school  committee  of  Lynn,  Mass. ;  in  1894- 
96  was  alderman  of  Salem,  Mass. ;  and  in  1903-04  was  a  represen 
tative  in  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature;  in  1908  he  was  an 
alternate  delegate  from  the  sixth  Massachusetts  congressional 
district  to  the  republican  national  convention  at  Chicago;  and 
has  held  numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Gowan,  Albert  W.,  receiver  United  States  land  office,  was  born 
May  16,  1846,  in  Rushford,  N.  Y.  During  the  civil  war  he  enlisted 
in  battery  M,  first  regiment  United  States  artillery,  and  served 
three  years.  In  1871  he  moved  to  Osborne  county,  Kan.,  and 
helped  to  organize  that  county,  and  in  1881  was  its  representative 
in  the  Kansas  state  legislature.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Oregon  and 
settled  in  Joseph,  Union  county,  now  Wallowa,  and  took  up  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1888  he  organized  company  I,  third  regiment 
Oregon  national  guard,  and  for  two  years  was  first  lieutenant. 
In  1890  he  became  clerk  in  the  United  States  land  office  at  Burns, 
Ore. ;  and  also  practiced  law.  In  1892  he  became  a  representative 
in  the  Oregon  state  legislature ;  and  in  1894-98  was  a  member  of 
the  state  senate.  In  1893-96  he  was  captain  of  troop  A,  Oregon 
national  guard;  and  now  holds  the  same  rank  in  the  reserve 
corps.  He  is  now  receiver  in  the  United  States  land  office;  and 
resides  in  Burns,  Ore. 

Grafly,  Charles,  artist,  sculptor,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1862,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Phil 
adelphia  ;  and  in  1879-84  learned  the  art  of  reproducing  figures  in 
marble  at  Struther's  marble  works.  During  that  period  he  also 
attended  art  classes ;  and  in  1884-88  studied  modeling  and  paint 
ing  at  the  Pennsylvania  academy  of  fine  arts.  He  then  for  two 
years  studied  sculpture  and  drawing  in  Paris.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  society  of  American  Artists,  the  Art  club  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  Council  of  National  Sculpture  society.  He  received  a  gold 
medal  at  the  Charleston  exhibition;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
international  jury  of  awards  in  the  sculpture  department  at  the 
St.  Louis  World's  Fair  of  1904.  In  1893  he  received  a  medal  at 
the  World's  Columbian  exposition;  in  1895  a  silver  medal  from 
the  Atlanta  exposition;  and  in  1901  a  gold  medal  from  the  Buf 
falo  exposition.  His  principal  works  are  Vulture  of  War,  Symbol 
of  Life,  From  Generation  to  Generation,  Portrait  of  My  Mother, 
and  a  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Charles  Grafly,  which  was  exhibted  and 
received  a  gold  medal  at  the  International  Exposition  of  Paris 
in  1900 ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  173 

Granger,  Daniel  Larned  Davis,  United  States  congressman 
from  Rhode  Island,  was  born  May  30,  1852,  in  Providence,  R.I. 
He  graduated  from  Brown  university  in  1874;  was  admitted  to 
the  Rhode  Island  bar  in  1887 ;  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  in  Providence.  He  was  twice  elected  reading  clerk  of  the 
house  of  representtives,  in  1890  he  was  elected  city  treasurer  of 
Providence  on  the  democratic  ticket,  and  for  eleven  years  served 
in  that  capacity.  He  was  mayor  in  1901-03.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  congresses  from  Rhode  Island 
as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from 
the  first  district  of  Rhode  Island  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Providence,  R.I. 

Grant,  Abraham,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Aug.  25,  1848, 
in  Lake  City,  Fla.  In  1873  he  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  Afri 
can  methodist  episcopal  church ;  filled  pastorates  in  San  Antonio 
and  Austin,  Texas;  and  became  presiding  elder  and  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Paul  Quinn  college  at  Waco,  Texas.  He  has  been 
bishop  consecutively  of  the  ninth,  first  and  fourth  districts;  and 
is  now  in  charge  of  the  fifth  district.  He  was  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Wilberforce  university ;  and  is  now  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Western  university.  For  four 
years  he  has  been  president  of  the  board  of  publication  of  his 
church ;  and  for  twelve  years  president  of  the  church  extension 
board. 

Grant,  Isaac,  judge  Osceola  county  probate  court  of  Michigan, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1846,  in  St.  Johns,  Mich.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  private  schools  of  St.  Johns,  Mich.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  first  corporal  and  sergeant  in  1863-65 ;  was 
in  fifty-two  different  battles  and  skirmishes ;  was  in  the  Stoneman 
raid;  and  always  in  the  saddle.  For  two  terms  he  was  sheriff; 
and  for  one  term  was  United  States  deputy  marshal.  For  many 
years  he  was  engaged  in  the  milling  and  elevator  business.  For 
one  term  he  was  commander  of  Steadman  post,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic ;  and  for  one  term  aide-de-camp  on  Gen.  Kidd's  staff, 
department  of  Michigan,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  was 
also  aide-de-camp  under  commander  Anthony's  staff,  state  de 
partment  of  Michigan;  aide-de-camp  to  General  Black,  national 
department  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  and  is  now  aide-de 
camp  on  Gen.  Blackmer,  John  R.  King,  commandery,  commander 
in  chief  on  staff  under  Commander  Cannon,  department  of  Michi 
gan,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  is  judge  of  the  probate 
court  for  Osceola  county  for  the  term  of  1905-09 ;  and  resides  in 
Reed  City,  Mich. 

Grant,  Robert  Parks,  soldier,  manufacturer,  banker,  was  born 
May  6,  1844,  in  Neversink,  N.Y.  In  1863  he  recruited  Company  C, 


]74  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Ninety-second  Regiment  New  York  National  Guard ;  became  cap 
tain  and  drill-master;  and  in  1865  became  colonel.  For  several 
years  he  was  engaged  in  the  tanning  business;  and  subsequently 
built  a  tannery  in  Cameron  county,  Pa.,  buying  the  bark  on  a  ten 
thousand-acre  tract.  In  1873  he  established  the  Farmers'  and 
Mechanics'  bank  of  Fort  Madison,  Iowa;  and  in  1876  returned 
to  New  York  and  founded  the  National  Exchange  bank  of  Clay 
ton,  N.Y.,  with  which  he  is  still  connected.  He  is  managing  owner 
of  six  cheese  factories  in  Jefferson  county,  and  a  stockholder  in 
nineteen  national  banks.  He  is  president  of  the  Watertown  Pro 
duce  Exchange ;  president  State  Dairy  Board  of  Trade  -  snd  re 
sides  in  Clayton,  N.Y. 

Graves,  Anson  Rogers,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  April  13, 
1842,  in  Wells,  Vt.  When  five  years  of  age  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Illinois ;  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
common  schools;  and  subsequently  he  graduated  from  the  Rut 
land  high  school  and  Hobart  college.  He  has  received  the  degrees 
of  S.T.D.  and  LL.D.  In  his  junior  year  he  took  both  the  White 
and  Cobb  essay  prizes.  After  graduating  in  1866  he  studied  law 
and  taught  school;  but  after  two  years  he  entered  the  General 
Theological  seminary.  After  twelve  years  of  work  as  a  clergy 
man  in  the  episcopal  church  in  parishes  east  and  w^est,  he  became 
rector  of  the  Gethsemane  church  of  Minneapolis,  Minn. ;  and  in 
1890  was  consecrated  misionary  protestant  episcopal  bishop  of 
western  Nebraska. 

Graves,  Erwin  Ralph,  manufacturer,  banker,  was  born  May 
14,  1865,  in  Hancock,  Maine.  For  many  years  he  was  associated 
with  the  Provident  institution  for  savings,  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  in 
1905  he  went  to  New  York  City ;  and  is  now  president  and  direc 
tor  of  the  First  national  bank  of  Belleville,  N.J.  He  is  director 
of  the  European- American  bank  of  New  York  City ;  vice-president 
and  general  manager  of  the  Kornit  manufacturing  company ;  and 
a  director  and  treasurer  of  various  other  corporations.  He  has 
traveled  in  America  and  Europe;  has  held  important  positions  in 
the  Ancient  and  honorable  artillery  company  of  Boston ;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  New  York  athletic  club  and  various  other  clubs 
and  societies. 

Gray,  Truman,  educator,  planter,  merchant,  statesman,  was 
born  April  5,  1854,  in  Wayne  county,  Miss.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state; 
and  attended  the  Mississippi  college  at  Clinton.  He  engaged  in 
educational  work ;  and  became  county  superintendent  of  public 
instruction.  He  is  a  successful  planter  and  merchant;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
Boise,  Miss.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Mis- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  175 

sissipip  state  senate  from  the  second  senatorial  district ;  and  was 
on  several  important  committees.  He  has  held  various  other  po 
sitions  of  trust  and  honor ;  and  has  always  been  actively  identified 
with  the  busines  and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

Greeley,  Edv/in  Seneca,  soldier,  merchant,  banker,  was  born 
May  20,  1832,  in  Nashua,  N.H.  In  1855  he  settled  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  learned  the  machinist  trade.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war  he  entered  the  union  army  as  first  lieutenant ;  advanced 
through  all  intermediate  grades  to  colonel  of  the  famous  tenth 
regiment  of  Connecticut  volunteers;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier- 
general  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service.  He  became  president- 
general  of  the  national  society  sons  of  the  American  revolution. 

Green,  Edward  Rowland  Robinson,  railroad  president,  capital 
ist,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1868,  in  London,  England ;  and  is  the  son  of 
Mrs.  Hetty  Green,  the  richest  woman  in  America.  He  graduated 
from  Fordham  college  of  New  York ;  and  subsequently  he  studied 
law  in  Chicago,  111.  After  admission  to  the  bar,  he  entered  the 
railway  service,  and  served  consecutively  as  clerk,  foreman,  su 
perintendent  and  general  manager;  and  is  to-day  the  youngest 
railroad  president  in  the  world,  being  president  of  the  Texas  Mid 
land  railroad,  residing  at  Terrell.  He  is  a  director  and  stock 
holder  in  numerous  banks,  and  personally  looks  after  his  mother's 
vast  real  estate  interests  in  the  west  and  southwest.  He  is  serv 
ing  his  second  term  as  chairman  of  the  republican  party  of 
Texas;  in  1900  was  delegate  at  large  to  the  republican  national 
convention;  and  has  been  tendered  the  nomination  for  governor 
on  various  occasions.  He  organized  and  is  president  of  the  fa 
mous  Tarpon  club. 

Green,  Horton  Buxton,  educator,  clergyman,  composer,  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1852,  in  Johnstown,  Ohio.  In  1852  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Carroll  county,  111.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  attended  the  Northern 
college  of  Fulton,  and  subsequently  the  Cumnock  school  of  ora 
tory  of  Evanston,  111.  For  a  while  he  was  engaged  in  educational 
work ;  and  since  1885  has  been  a  clergyman  of  the  methodist  epis 
copal  church.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  Northwest  Iowa 
conference  in  Ashton,  Inwood,  Rock  Valley  and  Sutherland.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  sacred  and  popular  songs,  both  of 
the  words  and  music,  which  have  appeared  in  sheet  form  and  in 
several  standard  collections. 

Green,  James  Monroe,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  29, 
1851,  in  Suscasunna,  N.J.  He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools ; 
in  the  state  model  and  state  normal  schools  of  Trenton,  N.J. ;  at 
Dickinson  college ;  and  at  the  Illinois  "Wesleyan  university,  where 
he  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.B.,  A.M.,  and  Ph.D.  He  has  taught 


176  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

at  Mount  Freedom,  Ledgewood,  Morris  Plains  and  Long  Branch, 
N.J.  In  1876-89  he  was  principal  of  the  Long  Branch  schools; 
and  since  1889  has  been  principal  of  the  New  Jersey  state  normal 
and  model  school.  In  1881  he  was  president  of  the  state  teachers' 
association.  In  1886  was  president  of  the  state  sanitary  associa 
tion;  and  has  been  chairman  of  the  teachers'  association  com 
mittee  on  educational  progress.  In  1889  he  proposed  a  system  of 
approving  high  schools  in  New  Jersey,  which  was  adopted  by  the 
state  board  of  education. 

Green,  John  W.,  soldier,  stock  and  bond  broker,  was  born  Oct. 
8,  1841,  in  Henderson  county,  Ky.  He  was  educated  in  Louis 
ville,  Ky. ;  and  graduated  from  the  high  school  of  that  city.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  was  sergeant-major  ninth  Kentucky  infantry 
regiment,  orphan  brigade,  confederate  service ;  and  served  nearly 
four  years.  He  is  a  successful  stock  and  bond  broker  of  Louis 
ville,  Ky. ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  pub 
lic  affairs  of  that  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  George  B.  Eastin 
Camp,  No.  803,  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Green,  Joseph  West,  manufacturer,  banker,  was  born  Aug.  23, 
1848,  in  Marblehead,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  Glover  gram 
mar  school  of  Marblehead;  and  at  the  Eliot  school  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  treasurer  and  general  manager  of  the  Glendale  elas 
tic  fabric  company  of  Easthampton,  Mass.,  and  Providence,  R.I. 
He  is  a  director  in  the  first  national  bank,  the  Easthampton  sav 
ings  bank;  Easthampton  public  library  and  of  other  corpora 
tions.  His  grandfather,  Joseph  W.  Green,  was  in  active  service 
in  the  war  of  1812  as  Major  Green ;  and  he  founded  the  national 
grand  bank  of  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Green,  Samuel  Swett,  librarian,  author,  was  born  Feb.  20, 
1837,  in  Worcester,  Mass.  In  1858  he  graduated  from  Harvard 
college ;  and  from  the  divinity  school  of  Harvard  university  in 
1864.  For  several  years  he  was  teller  of  the  Worcester  national 
bank ;  and  in  1871  was  chosen  librarian  of  the  free  public  library 
of  Worcester,  having  previously  been  a  director  of  the  library. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American  library  association, 
and  its  president  in  1891 ;  and  was  an  original  member  and  first 
president  of  the  council  of  that  association.  He  has  lectured  at 
the  school  library  of  economy  at  Columbia  college;  and  at  the 
state  library  of  New  York.  He  is  a  member  of  numerous  histori 
cal  societies,  and  an  officer  in  many  institutions.  He  is  the  author 
of  two  books,  and  has  published  many  articles  in  magazines  and 
newspapers,  and  delivered  a  great  number  of  addresses. 

Green,  Willis  Duff,  physician,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1821,  in  Dan 
ville,  Ky.  He  attended  the  Center  college  of  his  native  city; 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  medical  department  of  the  T 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  177 

sylvania  university  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  also  from  the  Medical 
college  of  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  physician  of  Mount  Vernon, 
111. ;  grand  master  of  the  Independent  order  of  odd  fellows  in 
Illinois;  and  a  representative  to  the  grand  lodge  of  the  United 
States.  He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  and  scientific 
societies;  and  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  the  medical 
and  scientific  publications. 

Greene,  Edward  Lee,  educator,  botanist,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  20,  1843,  in  Hopkinton,  B.I.  In  1866  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  Ph.B.  from  Albion  college  of  Wisconsin;  and  in  1895 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  noted  university 
of  Notre  Dame,  Ind.  In  1871-85  he  was  an  episcopal  clergyman; 
and  since  then  a  Roman  catholic  layman.  In  1885-95  he  was  pro 
fessor  of  botany  in  the  university  of  California ;  in  1895-1904  he 
filled  the  same  chair  in  the  Catholic  university;  and  since  1904 
has  been  an  associate  in  botany  under  the  auspices  of  the  Smith 
sonian  institution  of  Washington,  D.C.  In  1893  he  was  president 
of  the  international  congress  of  botanists;  and  is  a  member  of 
various  educational  and  scientific  associations.  He  is  the  author 
of  Manual  of  Botany  for  the  Region  of  San  Francisco  Bay ;  West 
American  Oaks ;  Pittonia,  in  five  volumes ;  Leaflets  of  Botanical 
Observation;  Landmarks  of  Botanical  History;  and  numerous 
Monographs  and  articles  in  scientific  publications. 

Greene,  Roger  Sherman,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  philanthropist, 
was  born  on  Dec.  14,  1840,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  graduated  in 
1859  from  Dartmouth  college ;  and  in  1888  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  the  university  of  Washington.  He  entered  the  union 
army  for  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant  and  captain.  He  was  judge  advocate  of  the  district  of 
Vicksburg  at  the  close  of  1864  and  beginning  of  1865,  and  judge 
advocate  of  the  western  division  of  Louisiana  from  1865  until 
retirement  from  service.  While  residing  in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  he 
was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Washing 
ton  territory,  residing  at  Olympia;  and  was  twice  reappointed, 
holding  the  office  until  1879,  when  he  was  appointed  chief  justice 
of  the  same  court,  residing  at  Seattle,  Washington  territory.  In 
1883-87  he  was  chief  justice.  Since  then  he  has  practiced  law  in 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Gregory,  Charles  Noble,  dean  college  of  law  state  university 
of  Iowa,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1851,  in  Unadilla,  N.T.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  university  of  Wisconsin ;  and  by  profession  is  a  law 
yer,  law  professor  and  literateur.  In  1894-1901  he  was  law  pro 
fessor  and  associate  dean  of  the  college  of  law  at  the  state  uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin.  In  1905-06  he  was  vice-president  of  the 
American  bar  association.  For  three  years  he  was  an  alderman 


178  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  Madison,  Wis. ;  and  for  one  year  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  education  of  that  city.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  articles 
and  addresses.  He  is  now  dean  of  the  college  of  law  at  the  state 
university  of  Iowa ;  and  resides  in  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Grierson,  Benjamin  Henry,  soldier,  merchant,  was  born  July 
8,  1826,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  academy  at 
Youngstown,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  was  a  volunteer  aide-de-camp  to 
General  Prentiss.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  major  in  the  sixth 
regiment  Illinois  cavalry;  and  in  1866  he  was  appointed  colonel. 
In  1890  he  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general;  and  was  re 
tired.  In  1863  he  made  the  celebrated  raid  through  Tennessee, 
Mississippi  and  Louisiana;  and  was  brevetted  major-general  and 
brigadier-general  in  the  United  States  army. 

Griffith,  Jefferson  Davis,  surgeon,  obstetrician,  was  born  Feb. 
12,  1850,  in  Jackson,  Miss.  In  1871  he  graduated  from  the  medi 
cal  department  of  the  university  of  New  York.  For  many  years 
he  was  dean  of  the  Kansas  City  medical  college.  In  1898  he  was 
major  and  chief  surgeon  in  the  United  States  volunteers;  and 
also  served  with  distinction  as  surgeon-general  of  Missouri.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  medical  association  of  Missouri;  and 
president  of  the  association  of  military  surgeons  of  the  United 
States. 

Griffith,  John  E.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1864,  in 
Delaware  county,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  law 
school  in  1890;  and  in  1895  he  was  elected  to  the  seventy-second 
Ohio  general  assembly  from  Union  county ;  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  seventy-third  general  assembly  in  1897;  and  became  speaker 
pro  tern  of  the  house.  In  1898-1904  he  was  clerk  of  the  United 
States  and  territorial  courts;  and  now  practices  his  profession. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  education ;  and  resides  in  Socorro, 
N.M. 

Griffith,  William  Herrick,  business  man,  genealogist,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1866,  in  Castleton-on-Hudson,  N.Y. ;  and  is  the  only  sur 
viving  son  of  the  late  Edwin  H.  Griffith,  a  successful  banker,  and 
Mary  Louisa  Knowlton.  He  attended  the  Albany  military  acad 
emy  and  Yale  college ;  afterward  he  traveled  in  Europe  and  acted 
as  foreign  correspondent  for  the  New  York  Home  Journal,  the 
Albany  Argus,  and  other  newspapers.  For  five  years  he  was  con 
nected  with  the  first  national  bank  of  Albany,  and  since  1893  has 
been  engaged  in  the  fire  insurance  business.  He  is  also  regent  in 
Albany  of  the  sons  of  the  revolution.  He  is  greatly  interested  in 
genealogy,  and  is  a  member  of  a  dozen  different  patriotic  orders 
and  historical  and  art  societies,  and  has  filled  various  offices  of 
honor  in  many  of  them. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUKY  179 

Griffitts,  John  P.,  educator,  college  president,  was  born  in 
1857,  in  Unitia,  Tenn.  During  1888-89  he  filled  the  chair  of  math 
ematics  in  the  London  college,  Tennessee.  During  1893-95  he  was 
professor  of  natural  science  in  the  Ewing  and  Jefferson  college; 
and  in  1895-99  he  was  president  of  Roane  college  of  Wheat,  Tenn. 
In  1899  he  became  principal  of  Oliver  Springs  high  school,  Tenn. 
He  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  educational  and  scientific 
literature. 

Groesbeck,  Telford,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1854,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  Princeton  college  and  the 
Harvard  law  school,  and  has  attained  success  in  the  profession  of 
law  in  his  native  city.  He  has  filled  various  positions  of  honor, 
and  has  been  judge  advocate  general  of  Ohio.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Incas,  the  Children  of  the  Sun,  an  exceedingly  meritorious 
poem,  which  depicts  the  strange  and  romantic  civilization  of  the 
Incas. 

Groff,  George  G.,  physician,  educator,  founder,  was  born  April 
5,  1851,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  Since  1879  he  has  filled  the  chair 
of  natural  sciences  in  Bucknell  university  of  Lewisburg,  Pa. ; 
and  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  board  of  health  for 
four  years.  He  organized  the  sanitary  work  at  Johnstown  after 
the  great  disaster  of  1889.  During  the  Spanish- American  war  he 
was  surgeon-major  United  States  army;  and  is  now  superintend 
ent  of  public  instruction. 

Groome,  John  Charles,  head  of  the  Department  of  State  Police 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  March  20th,  1863. 
Educated  at  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Academy,  in  that  city,  he 
became  a  successful  merchant.  Has  been  captain  of  The  First 
Troop  Philadelphia  City  Cavalry,  the  oldest  military  organiza 
tion  in  the  United  States,  since  1896  and  commanded  his  troop 
during  the  Spanish-American  War  1898,  serving  in  the  United 
States  and  Porto  Rico.  In  1905  was  appointed  the  first  superin 
tendent,  and  organized  the  Department  of  State  Police  of  Penn 
sylvania.  Resides  in  Philadelphia  and  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  the  city. 

Grosvenor,  Edwin  Augustus,  professor  modern  government 
and  international  law  in  Amherst  college,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1845, 
in  Newburyport,  Mass.  In  1867  he  graduated  from  Amherst;  in 
1872  from  Andover  theological  seminary;  and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.M.  and  LL.D.  In  1873-90  he  was  professor  of  his 
tory  at  the  Robert  college  of  Constantinople.  Since  1901  he  has 
been  professor  of  modern  government  and  international  law  in 
Amherst  college.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Hippodrome  of  Con 
stantinople  ;  Constantinople,  in  two  volumes ;  The  Permanence  of 
the  Greek  Type ;  Contemporary  History ;  and  other  works, 


180  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Grover,  Lafayette,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1823,  in  Bethel,  Maine. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  territory  of 
Oregon;  in  1852  was  auditor  of  public  accounts;  served  three 
years  in  the  territorial  legislature,  the  last  of  which  as  speaker  of 
the  house ;  and  saw  service  in  the  Indian  wars  of  Oregon.  He  was 
an  active  member  of  the  convention  of  1857  to  form  a  state  con 
stitution;  and  in  1857-59  he  was  a  representative  to  the  thirty- 
fifth  congress.  In  1870-77  he  was  the  fourth  governor  of  Oregon ; 
and  in  1877-83  he  was  United  States  senator  from  Oregon. 

Grozier,  Edwin  Atkins,  publisher  Boston  Post,  was  born  Sept. 
12,  1859,  in  San  Francisco,  CaL,  of  New  England  parentage.  He 
was  educated  at  the  high  school  of  Provincetown,  Mass. ;  attended 
the  Chauncy  Hall  school  of  Boston  and  the  Brown  university  of 
Providence;  and  in  1881  graduated  from  Boston  university.  In 
1881-82  he  was  a  reporter  on  the  Boston  Globe  and  Herald;  and 
in  1883-84  was  private  secretary  to  the  governor  of  Massachu 
setts.  In  1884-91  he  held  various  editorial  and  business  positions 
on  the  New  York  World.  Since  1891  he  has  been  chief  proprietor 
of  the  Boston  Post,  of  which  he  is  now  editor  and  publisher.  He 
is  a  member  of  various  clubs,  organizations  and  patriotic  societies. 

Guilford,  Simeon  Hayden,  dentist,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
April  11,  1841,  in  Lebanon,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Franklin  and 
Marshall  colleges  and  the  Philadelphia  college  of  dental  surgery. 
In  1862-63  he  served  as  a  private  in  the  civil  war.  Since  1872  he 
has  practiced  dentistry  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  has  been  professor 
in  the  Philadelphia  dental  college  since  1881;  and  in  1895-1905 
was  dean  of  same.  He  is  the  author  of  Nitrous  Oxide;  and  Or- 
thodontia.  He  has  written  chapters  on  Orthodontia;  Anomalies 
of  the  Teeth  and  Maxillae ;  Hyper cementosis ;  American  System 
of  Dentistry;  Chapters  on  Preparation  of  Cavities  and  Contour 
Filling;  and  American  Textbook  of  Operative  Dentistry. 

Guiteras,  Juan,  physician,  surgeon,  pathologist,  was  born  Jan. 
4,  1852,  in  Matanzas,  Cuba.  In  1873  he  received  the  degree  of 
M.D.  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  which  institution  also 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  In  1879-89  he  was  en 
gaged  in  marine  hospital  service ;  and  has  served  as  expert  in  yel 
low  fever  in  all  of  the  epidemics  since  1881.  For  several  years 
he  was  professor  of  pathology  at  the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  1898  he  was  on  the  staff  of  General  Shafter  as  yellow  fever  ex 
pert  in  the  Santiago  campaign ;  and  is  prominently  identified  with 
Cuban  politics.  He  is  professor  of  general  pathology  and  tropical 
medicine  at  the  university  of  Havana;  dean  of  the  medical  fac 
ulty  ;  and  director  of  Las  Animas  hospital  of  Habana,  Cuba.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  superior  board  of  health ;  is  president  of  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  181 

commission  for  infectious  diseases;  and  is  a  member  of  the  na 
tional  board  of  health  of  Cuba.  He  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
association  of  health  officers  of  North  America ;  president  of  the 
second  national  medical  congress  of  Cuba;  and  editor  of  La  Re- 
vista  de  Medicina  Tropical.  He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  med 
ical  and  health  associations  of  Cuba  and  America. 

Gunnison,  Walter  Balfour,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  2, 
1852,  in  Abington,  Mass.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  the  St.  Law 
rence  university;  and  for  ten  years  was  professor  of  latin  lan 
guages  and  literature  in  that  institution.  Since  its  organization 
in  1886  he  has  been  principal  at  Erasmus  hall  high  school  of 
Brooklyn,  N.Y. ;  and  is  president  of  the  university  club  of  that 
city.  He  is  co-author  of  First  Year  of  Latin;  and  Caesar  Com 
mentaries. 

Gunther,  Charles  Frederick,  naval  officer,  merchant,  manufac 
turer,  public  official,  was  born  March  6,  1837,  in  Wildberg,  Wur- 
temberg,  Germany.  In  1842  he  came  to  the  United  States;  and 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools.  For  several  years 
he  was  a  bank  cashier ;  and  during  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the 
confederate  navy.  Since  1868  he  has  been  a  manufacturing  con 
fectioner;  and  has  built  up  an  extensive  business  in  Chicago,  111. 
He  served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  Chicago  common  coun 
cil;  and  in  1900-04  he  served  two  terms  as  city  treasurer.  He 
owns  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  Washington  and  Lincoln  rel 
ics;  and  also  a  collection  of  historical  manuscripts.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Coliseum;  a  thirty-third  degree  mason;  a  trustee  of 
the  Chicago  academy  of  science;  a  member  of  the  Chicago  histor 
ical  association ;  and  a  member  of  the  Chicago  art  institute ;  and 
a  member  of  the  Union  league  and  Iroquois  clubs. 

Gurler,  Henry  Benjamin,  soldier,  dairy  farmer,  author,  was 
born  May  21,  1840,  in  Chesterfield,  N.H.  He  was  educated  in  the 
country  schools  and  at  the  high  school  of  De  Kalb,  111.  He  served 
in  the  civil  war  as  corporal  of  company  K,  forty-second  regiment 
Illinois  volunteer  infantry ;  and  as  second  lieutenant  of  company 
K,  one  hundred  and  thirty-second  Illinois  volunteer  infantry.  In 
1864-68  he  was  in  the  mercantile  business  in  De  Kalb,  111.;  in 
1868-82  was  a  dairyman ;  and  since  1882  has  been  proprietor  of  a 
creamery.  He  is  president  of  the  De  Kalb  dairy  company;  in 
1891  was  instructor  in  butter-making  at  the  Wisconsin  agricul 
tural  college;  for  two  terms  filled  the  same  position  in  the  Ver 
mont  agricultural  college ;  and  for  three  terms  in  the  Pennsyl 
vania  college.  In  1895-1906  he  supplied  certified  milk  to  Chicago, 
being  a  pioneer  in  the  business.  In  1886-92  he  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education ;  and  in  1896  was  a  member  of  the  De  Kalb 
common  council.  He  has  been  president  of  the  National  dairy 


182  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

show  association;  and  has  lectured  extensively  on  dairy  subjects. 
He  is  the  author  of  American  Dairying. 

Haas,  Kalman,  merchant,  philanthropist,  was  born  in  1840  in 
Germany.  In  1867  he  founded  the  firm  of  Haas  brothers  of  San 
Francisco,  Cal. ;  and  they  now  control  the  quick-silver  product  of 
the  United  States.  He  is  a  director  of  the  American  beet  sugar 
company,  the  Napa  quicksilver  mining  company,  the  Napa  Idria 
quicksilver  company,  and  the  Mutual  alliance  trust  company. 
He  is  president  of  the  Mount  Sinai  training  school  for  nurses; 
and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  charities. 

Haggott,  Warren  Armstrong,  United  States  congressman  from 
Colorado,  was  born  May  18,  1864,  in  Franklin  township,  Shelby 
county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Shelby 
county,  Ohio;  attended  Xenia  college  of  Ohio;  and  graduated 
from  Valparaiso  university  of  Indiana.  He  has  attained  success 
in  the  practice  of  law  in  Colorado;  where  he  is  also  engaged  in 
metalliferous  mining.  In  1903-05  he  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
the  state  of  Colorado.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  th  sixtieth 
congress  from  the  second  congressional  district  of  Colorado  for 
the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and  resides  in  Idaho  Springs,  Colo. 

Hagner,  Alexander  Burton,  retired  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  was  born  July  13,  1826, 
in  Washington,  D.C.  He  settled  in  Annapolis,  Md.,  in  the  practice 
of  law;  and  in  1850  was  judge-advocate  of  a  naval  court  of  in 
quiry.  In  1864  he  was  a  special  judge  in  Prince  George 's  county, 
Md. ;  and  in  1876  was  judge-advocate  of  a  general  court  martial 
held  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.  In  1854  he  was  a  representative  in 
the  Maryland  legislature;  was  twice  a  candidate  for  congress; 
and  in  1848-1879  practiced  law  in  Maryland.  Since  1879  he  has 
been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1905-1909;  and 
resides  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Haire,  Norman  W.,  judge  circuit  court  of  Michigan,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1855,  in  Columbia,  Jackson  county,  Mich.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  university  of  Michigan;  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion.  Since  1891  he  has  been  judge  of  the  thirty-second  judicial 
circuit  of  Michigan,  and  is  now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1906 ; 
and  resides  in  Houghton,  Mich. 

Hale,  Clarence,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April  15, 
1848,  in  Turner,  Maine.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools;  attended  Norway  academy;  and  in 
1869  graduated  from  Bowdoin  college.  Since  1871  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Portland,  Maine.  In  1879-82  he  was  city  solicitor; 
and  in  1883-86  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Maine  state  legisla 
ture.  He  was  counsel  for  the  New  England  telephone  company; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  183 

and  a  director  and  trustee  with  the  management  of  the  largest 
enterprises  in  Portland,  Maine.  For  many  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Portland  board  of  trade;  prominent  on  the  school 
board  of  that  city ;  and  active  in  its  municipal  government.  Since 
1902  he  has  been  United  States  district  judge  for  the  state  of 
Maine. 

Hale,  Edward  Everett,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1863,  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1883  he  graduated  from  Harvard  uni 
versity;  and  in  1892  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Halle. 
Since  1895  he  has  been  professor  of  English  at  Union  college  of 
Schenectady,  N.Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Constructive  Rhetoric; 
Lowell;  Dramatists  of  To-day;  and  other  works. 

Hale,  Frank  Judson,  manufacturer,  was  born  Aug.  14,  1862,  in 
Newton,  Upper  Falls,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools ;  and  in  1880  graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Newton, 
Mass.  For  many  years  he  was  engaged  as  a  machinist ;  and  since 
1907  has  been  a  director  and  agent  of  the  cotton  machine  works 
of  Newton,  Mass.;  and  is  also  the  director  of  the  corporation  of 
Saco  and  Pette  machine  works,  with  machine  shops  at  Saco, 
Maine,  and  also  at  Newton  Upper  Falls,  Mass.  In  1888-89  he  was 
a  member  of  the  common  council  of  Newton,  Mass. ;  in  1890-1900 
was  a  member  of  the  Newton  school  board.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  national  association  of  cotton  manufacturers;  and  is  a  direc 
tor  of  the  Lawrence  cotton  mills  and  a  score  of  other  manufactur 
ing  and  financial  corporations. 

Hall,  Harry  Hinckley,  lawyer,  counselor,  was  born  Feb.  12, 
1846,  in  Hock  Island,  111.  He  was  educated  at  the  Flushing  insti 
tute  of  Rock  Island  and  in  the  colleges  of  Germany  and  France 
at  Halberstadt  and  at  Tours.  In  1869  he  graduated  from  Tulane 
university  law  school;  and  has  since  practiced  law  in  New  Or 
leans,  La.  He  has  been  counsel  of  the  New  Orleans  and  North 
western  railroad  company;  counsel  of  the  Alabama  and  Vicks- 
burg  railway  company;  and  counsel  of  the  Shreveport  and  Pa 
cific  railway  company.  He  has  also  been  attorney  for  the  St. 
Charles  street  railway  company  of  New  Orleans ;  and  in  1889-1906 
was  dean  of  the  law  school  in  Tulane  university  at  New  Orleans, 
La. 

Hallock,  Edwin,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1840, 
in  Derby,  Conn.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city;  and  graduated  from  Post's 
commercial  and  classical  institute  of  Connecticut.  He  is  a  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  Derby,  Conn.;  and  has  always  been  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city. 
For  six  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  school  board ;  and  for  three 


184  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

terms  he  has  been  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  state  leg 
islature. 

Hallock,  Joseph  Newton,  journalist,  lecturer,  clergyman,  au 
thor,  was  born  in  1834  in  Franklinville,  N.Y.  Since  1880  he  has 
been  editor-in-chief  and  proprietor  of  the  Christian  Work  of 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.  In  1897  he  was  offered  the  presidency  of  the 
Westminster  university  at  Denver,  Col.  He  is  a  director  in  sev 
eral  large  corporations.  He  is  the  author  of  A  History  of  South 
ampton;  First  Impressions  of  Europe;  Twice  Across  the  Conti 
nent;  The  Christian  Life;  Family  Worship;  and  various  other 
works,  including  an  edition  of  Tacitus  in  the  original  tongue. 

Halsall,  William  Formby,  soldier,  artist,  was  born  March  20, 
1844,  in  England.  Among  his  works  are  the  Chasing  a  Blockade- 
Runner  in  a  Fog ;  Rendezvous  of  the  Fishermen ;  The  Mayflower ; 
Arrival  of  the  Winthrop  Colony;  and  Niagara  Falls.  His  First 
Battle  of  the  Iron-Clads  was  purchased  by  the  United  States  gov 
ernment  in  1887. 

Halsey,  N.  Wetmore,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1856, 
in  Forreston,  Ogle  county,  111.  He  was  educated  at  Beloit  college 
of  Wisconsin;  and  in  1882  graduated  from  the  Union  College  of 
Law  at  Chicago,  111.  For  awhile  he  practiced  law  in  Chicago,  111. 
In  1886  he  entered  the  firm  of  N.  W.  Harris  and  company ;  and  in 
1891-1901  was  resident  partner  for  New  York  of  that  firm.  In 
1901  he  organized  the  firm  of  N.  W.  Halsey  and  company,  bank 
ers  of  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago  and  San  Francisco.  He 
is  a  members  of  the  Lawyer's  club,  New  England  Society,  Chicago 
Law  Institute  and  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art;  Essex  County 
Riding  club,  and  the  Driving  clubs  of  Orange,  N. J. ;  and  resides 
in  South  Orange,  N.J. 

Halvorson,  H.  L.,  Benson  county  assistant-prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  North  Dakota,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1881,  in  Henning,  Minn. 
He  was  educated  at  the  university  of  Minnesota  and  at  the  uni 
versity  of  North  Dakota.  He  practices  law  in  all  the  courts ;  and 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
his  community.  He  is  assistant-prosecuting  attorney  for  Benson 
county,  N.D. ;  in  1906  was  republican  candidate  for  representa 
tive  in  the  North  Dakota  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Esmond, 
N.D. 

Hamer,  Thomas,  soldier,  farmer,  merchant,  statesman,  was 
born  June  1,  1818,  in  Union  county,  Pa.  He  moved  to  Illinois  in 
1846;  and  he  served  in  the  union  army  during  the  civil  war  as 
colonel  of  the  eighty-fourth  regiment  Illinois  volunteer  infantry; 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  in  1862 ;  had  two  horses 
shot  from  under  him ;  and  was  presented  by  his  men  with  a  gold 
watch  for  gallantry  on  the  field  of  battle.  He  represented  his 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  185 

district  for  four  years  in  the  Illinois  state  legislature;  and  for 
eight  years  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  his  last  term  expir 
ing  in  1897. 

Hand,  Alfred,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March  20,  1835,  in 
Honesdale,  Pa.  In  1857  he  graduated  from  Yale  university;  and 
subsequently  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution  of 
learning.  In  1859  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Scranton,  Pa.  • 
and  in  1879-89  was  judge  of  the  forty-fifth  judicial  district  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1888  he  became  an  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Pennsylvania;  and  for  eight  years  was  president 
of  the  Third  national  bank  of  Scranton,  Pa. 

Hand,  J.  L.,  planter,  merchant,  manufacturer,  banker,  legis 
lator,  was  born  March  20,  1851,  in  Houston  county,  Ga.  He  was 
educated  at  the  university  of  Georgia ;  and  is  a  planter,  manufac 
turer,  merchant  and  banker.  In  1884-87  he  was  a  mayor  of  Pel- 
ham,  Ga. ;  and  since  1884  has  been  city  councilman.  In  1888-89 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  Georgia  state  legislature;  and  in 
1886-87,  1898-99  and  1905-06  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 
He  is  president  of  the  Farmers '  bank  of  Pelham ;  is  president  of 
the  Pelham  manufacturing  company;  is  president  of  the  Hand 
trading  company ;  is  president  of  the  Flint  river  and  northwestern 
railroad;  and  is  president  of  the  Abingdon  mills  of  Huntsville, 
Ala. 

Handy,  Levi  Irving,  educator,  journalist,  lecturer,  congress 
man,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1861,  in  Berlin,  Md.  He  attended  public 
and  private  schools  in  Maryland  and  New  York;  taught  school 
in  Somerset  county,  Md.,  and  came  to  Smyrna,  Del.,  to  teach  in 
1881.  He  was  superintendent  of  free  schools  in  Kent  county  in 
1887-90 ;  was  chairman  of  the  democratic  state  central  committee 
in  1892-96 ;  and  was  editorial  writer  on  Wilmington  Every  Even 
ing  in  1894-95.  He  is  a  popular  lecturer  and  has  since  1890  de 
livered  lectures  in  lyceum  courses  in  many  sections  of  the  coun 
try.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

Hankinson,  Richard  H.,  soldier,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born 
Sept.  7,  1841,  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the 
eighth  Michigan  volunteer  infantry ;  served  throughout  the  war ; 
and  was  promoted  to  first  sergeant.  For  many  years  he  was  su 
perintendent  of  the  Northwestern  telegraph  company  in  Min 
neapolis,  Minn.  In  1878  he  organized  the  Northwestern  telephone 
company,  and  was  its  first  general  manager.  In  1882  he  moved 
to  Hankinson,  N.D.,  where  he  has  attained  success  as  a  merchant. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  first  and  fifth  state  legislatures  of 
North  Dakota. 

Hardenbergh,  Henry  Janeway,  architect,  founder,  was  born 
Feb.  6,  1847,  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.  In  1865-70  he  studied  arch- 


186  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

itecture  under  Detlef  Lienau  of  New  York ;  and  since  then  has 
been  engaged  in  active  practice  in  New  York  City.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Fine  arts  society;  and  Municipal  art  so 
ciety  ;  and  a  member  of  the  American  institute  of  architects.  He 
has  twice  been  president  of  the  Architectural  league.  He  has 
erected  from  his  designs  the  Plaza,  Dakota,  Manhattan  and  Wal 
dorf-Astoria  hotels;  and  also  the  American  fine  arts  building  in 
New  York  City. 

Hare,  Charles  Woodroph,  trustee  Tuskegee  normal  institute 
of  Alabama,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1857,  near  Camden,  Wilcox 
county,  Ala.  He  was  educated  at  Howard  college  of  Marion, 
Ala.;  and  is  by  profession  a  lawyer  and  journalist.  For  seven 
years  he  was  editor  of  the  Alabama  baptist;  and  since  1895  has 
been  editor  and  manager  of  the  Tuskegee  News.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  city  council  of  Tuskegee,  Ala. ;  is  a  member  and 
attorney  of  the  board  of  trustees  Tuskegee  normal  and  industrial 
institute ;  and  resides  in  Tuskegee,  Ala. 

Barker,  Oliver  Albert,  dean  college  of  law  university  of  Illi 
nois,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1846,  in  Wayne  county,  Ind.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  Putnam  and  Dupage  counties  of 
Illinois;  attended  Wheaton  college,  McKendree  college  and  the 
law  school  of  the  Indiana  state  university.  For  twenty-five  years 
he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  and  judge  of  the  appellate  court 
of  Illinois.  He  is  dean  of  the  college  of  law  in  the  university  of 
Illinois ;  and  resides  in  Champaign,  111. 

Harrington,  William  Edmund,  state  senator  of  Minnesota,  was 
born  July  2,  1860,  in  Hutchinson,  Minn.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Hutchinson  high  school;  and  in  1881  graduated  from  university 
of  Minnesota  and  in  1883,  from  the  law  department  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor.  He  is  president  of  the  Citi 
zens'  bank  of  Hutchinson,  Minn.;  has  been  mayor  of  his  city; 
and  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Minnesota 
state  senate ;  and  resides  in  Hutchinson,  Minn. 

Harris,  John  Charles,  lawyer,  government  officer,  was  born 
in  1860  in  the  state  of  New  York.  In  1883  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.  from  Mount  union  college.  In  1883  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  midshipman  in  the  United  States  revenue  cutter  ser 
vice;  served  two  years  on  the  United  States  barque  Chase;  and 
served  one  year  on  the  United  States  steamer  Woodbury.  In  1886 
he  was  made  lieutenant ;  and  in  1891  resigned  to  enter  the  active 
practice  of  law  at  Galveston,  Texas.  In  1891  he  was  made  county 
attorney  of  Galveston  county,  Texas ;  practiced  law  in  Galveston 
until  1900;  and  since  then  has  practiced  law  in  Houston,  Texas. 
He  is  a  director  and  secretary  of  the  Crittenton  home  and  also 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  187 

of  the  United  Charities.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Texas  bar  asso 
ciation;  the  Texas  historical  association  and  the  Sons  of  the  Amer 
ican  revolution. 

Harris,  John  J.,  state  senator  of  Colorado,  was  born  July  11, 
1849,  in  Erie  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  county;  and  graduated  from  the  Western  Eeserve 
normal  college  of  Milan,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  and 
banker  of  Dolores,  Col. ;  has  been  superintendent  of  telegraph  for 
the  D.  and  R.  G.  railroad  company;  and  has  filled  various  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1900  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  state  senate ;  and  resides  in  Dolores,  Col. 

Harris,  Mrs.  Miriam  Coles,  litterateur,  author,  was  born  July 
7,  1834,  in  Dosoris,  N.Y.  She  was  educated  at  St.  Mary's  Hall 
of  Burlington,  N.J. ;  and  at  Mme.  Canda's  of  New  York  City.  In 
1864  she  married  Sidney  S.  Harris,  who  died  in  1892.  She  is  the 
author  of  Rutledge;  The  Sutherlands;  St.  Philip's;  Frank  War- 
rington;  Richard  Vandermark;  A  Perfect  Adonis;  Happy-go- 
Lucky;  Missy;  An  Utter  Failure;  Roundhearts;  Louie's  Last 
Term  at  St.  Mary 's ;  Rosary  for  Lent ;  Dear  Feast  of  Lent ;  A  Cor 
ner  of  Spain ;  The  Tents  of  Wickedness ;  and  other  works. 

Harris,  Nathaniel  E.,  soldier,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Jan. 
21,  1846,  in  Jonesboro,  Tenn.  In  1870  he  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Georgia.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confederate  service  as 
a  private  in  Kirby  Smith's  rifles  company,  sixty-third  Tennessee 
regiment.  He  was  assigned  to  the  quartermaster  department; 
served  on  staff ;  and  until  1865  was  on  duty  in  the  sixteenth  Vir 
ginia  cavalry.  In  1882  and  1886  he  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia 
state  legislature ;  and  in  1894  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
senate.  In  1872  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  since  1886  has  been 
a  trustee  at  the  university  of  Georgia ;  was  the  founder  and  trus 
tee  of  the  Georgia  school  of  technology  since  1886 ;  and  president 
of  the  Macon  and  northern  railroad.  He  became  commander  of 
Macon  camp  number  1477  of  Georgia;  and  in  1905  delivered  the 
annual  address  at  the  United  confederate  veterans  re-union  at 
Louisville,  Ky.  In  1909  he  made  the  address  of  welcome  to  Pres 
ident  Taft  at  Macon  City  Park,  before  an  audience  of  twenty-five 
thousand  people. 

Harris,  William,  educator,  farmer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born 
in  1832,  in  Burnt  Hills,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and 
normal  schools  of  Michigan.  Since  1836  he  has  lived  in  Michi 
gan  ;  taught  school  several  terms,  and  is  now  a  successful  farmer, 
real  estate  dealer  and  financier  of  Norwood,  Mich.  He  has  been 
register  of  deeds;  judge  of  probate  court;  and  school  examiner. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature  in  1889- 
90,  1895-96  and  in  1897-98. 


188  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Harrison,  Francis  Burton,  lawyer,  soldier,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1873.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1898 ;  and  for 
two  years  was  an  instructor  in  the  New  York  night  law  school. 
During  the  Spanish- American  war  he  was  captain  and  assistant 
adjutant-general  in  the  United  States  volunteers.  He  is  vice- 
president  of  the  McVickar  realty  company  of  New  York  City. 
In  1903-05  and  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  New  York 
City  to  the  fifty-eighth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

Harrison,  George  Paul,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  19,  1841,  near  Savannah,  Ga.  He  entered  the  confederate 
army  as  second  lieutenant  of  the  first  Georgia  regulars,  and  was 
promoted  to  brigadier-general.  He  removed  to  Alabama  in  1865 ; 
was  elected  commandant  of  cadets  at  university  of  Alabama,  but 
declined;  and  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  same  position  at 
the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college  of  Alabama,  and  served 
one  year.  He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Alabama  in  1875 ;  was  elected  state  senator  in  1876 ;  and  re- 
elected  in  1880.  He  was  president  of  the  state  senate  from  1882 
to  1884;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion  held  in  Chicago  in  1892.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and 
fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Opelika,  Ala. 

Harrison,  Joseph  Le  Roy,  journalist,  librarian,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  12,  1862,  in  North  Adams,  Mass.  In  1885-88  he  was  on  the 
editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Commercial  Advertiser.  In  1894- 
95  he  was  president  of  the  New  York  state  library  school  associa 
tion.  In  1900  he  was  in  charge  of  the  exhibit  of  the  American 
library  association  at  the  Paris  exposition.  He  is  the  author  of 
With  Pipe  and  Book,  a  collection  of  college  verses ;  and  Compara 
tive  Summary  and  Index  of  State  Legislation  in  1894. 

Harrity,  William  F.,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1850, 
in  Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  educated  at  St.  Mary's  college  of 
Wilmington,  Del. ;  and  in  1870  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.A. 
from  the  La  Salle  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  During  1870-71  he 
taught  mathematics  and  latin  in  the  La  Salle  college ;  and  ever 
since  1873  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  St.  Joseph's  college  of  Philadelphia; 
and  received  a  similar  degree  from  the  Christian  brothers'  college 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1885-89  he  was  postmaster  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  in  1890-95  he  was  secretary  of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania;  and 
in  1892-96  was  chairman  of  the  democratic  national  committee. 
In  1896  he  received  twenty-one  votes  at  the  democratic  national 
convention  for  vice-president  of  the  United  States.  He  is  presi 
dent  of  the  Equitable  trust  company  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  is  a 
director  of  the  Franklin  national  bank;  is  a  director  of  the  Mar- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  189 

ket  street  national  bank ;  is  a  director  of  the  Philadelphia  electric 
company;  is  a  director  of  the  American  railways  company;  and 
a  director  of  various  other  corporations  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  historical  society  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  bar  association  and  various  other  associa 
tions  and  societies. 

Harrod,  Benjamin  Morgan,  civil  engineer,  expert,  was  born 
Feb.  19,  1837,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  was  educated  at  the  Flush 
ing  institute  of  Long  Island,  N.Y. ;  in  1856  he  graduated  from 
Harvard  university;  and  in  1906  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Tulane  university  of  Louisiana.  He  soon  attained  note  as 
a  successful  civil  engineer;  and  in  1897  was  president  of  the 
American  society  of  civil  engineers.  In  1877-80  he  was  chief  state 
engineer  of  Louisiana;  and  in  1879-1904  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Mississippi  river  commission.  In  1888-92  he  was 
city  engineer  of  New  Orleans ;  was  chief  engineer  of  drainage  of 
New  Orleans;  and  chairman  of  the  board  of  advisory  engineers, 
sewerage  and  water  board  of  New  Orleans.  He  is  now  a  member 
of  the  isthmian  canal  commission ;  and  resides  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

Hart,  Julius  Newton,  lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  May  13, 
1869,  in  Wayne  county,  111.  He  was  educated  at  the  Oregon  state 
normal  school  of  Monmouth ;  attended  the  Dallas  college  of  Ore 
gon  ;  and  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Oregon  state 
university.  In  1900-04  he  was  district  attorney  for  the  third  judi 
cial  district  of  Oregon;  and  in  1900  was  republican  presidential 
elector.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the  Oregon  state  senate  from  the 
twenty-fifth  district. 

Hart,  Samuel,  clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born  June  4, 
1845,  in  Saybrook,  Conn.  In  1866  he  graduated  from  Trinity  col 
lege  ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.,  DD.,  and  D.C.L.  In 
1869  he  was  ordained  deacon;  and  in  1870  was  ordained  to  the 
priesthood.  During  1870-99  he  was  a  professor  of  Trinity  college. 
In  1892  he  was  president  of  the  American  philological  associa 
tion  ;  since  1894  has  been  president  of  the  Connecticut  historical 
society;  and  since  1900  has  been  president  of  the  Connecticut 
library  association.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association 
for  the  advancement  of  science.  He  has  edited  Bishop  Seabury's 
Communion  Office,  with  notes;  Maclear's  Instruction  for  Confirm 
ation  and  Holy  Communion;  History  of  American  Prayer  Book 
in  Frere  's  Proctor ;  and  Daily  Short  Prayers  for  Families. 

Hart,  William  Octave,  attorney-at-law,  was  born  Aug.  19, 
1857,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state;  and  at  Lusher 's  commercial  academy. 
Since  1880  he  has  practiced  law  in  New  Orleans;  is  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  his  state;  and  has  traveled  extensively 


190  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

throughout  America  and  Europe.  He  has  served  three  terms  as 
a  member  of  the  examining  committee  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Louisiana  for  the  admission  of  candidates  to  the  bar;  in  1898  was 
a  member  of  the  Louisiana  state  constitutional  convention;  and 
in  1900  was  a  presidential  elector.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  Com 
mercial  Law  League  of  America ;  and  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Uniform  State  Laws  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  He  is 
first  lieutenant  commander  of  Camp  Beauregard  No.  130,  United 
Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans;  treasurer  of  the  Louisiana  His 
torical  Society ;  member  of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  state  mu 
seum  of  Louisiana;  and  a  commissioner  on  uniform  state  laws 
from  Louisiana.  He  is  a  member  of  the  National  Municipal 
League,  American  Political  Science  Association,  American  Insti 
tute  of  Civics,  and  a  score  of  other  societies  and  associations.  For 
twenty-eight  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Din- 
kelspiel,  Hart  and  Davey ;  and  resides  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

Harty,  Jeremiah  J.,  clergyman,  archbishop,  was  born  Nov.  1, 
1853,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  parish  schools;  attended  the  St.  Louis  university  and 
the  St.  Vincents  college ;  completing  his  divinity  studies  in  the 
latter  institution.  In  1878  he  was  ordained  priest ;  and  in  1878-88 
was  assistant  rector  of  St.  Bridget's  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In 
1888-1903  he  was  rector  of  St.  Leo's  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.; 
and  in  1903  was  appointed  archbishop  of  Manila,  P.I. 

Harvey,  William  Hope,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  16, 
1851,  in  Buffalo,  W.Va.  He  was  educated  in  the  Buffalo  academy 
and  Marshall  college  of  West  Virginia.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar ;  and  in  1871-84  practiced  law.  He  became  a  writer  on  finan 
cial  topics  whose  theories  regarding  unlimited  coinage  of  silver 
have  been  very  popular.  He  is  the  author  of  Coin's  Financial 
School;  A  Tale  of  Two  Nations;  Coin's  School  Up  to  Date;  Patri 
ots  of  America;  Coin  on  Money,  Trusts  and  Imperialism;  and 
other  works. 

Haskin,  Nelson,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1849, 
in  Canada.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Bartholomew  Haskin,  who  ar 
rived  in  Boston  harbor  from  England  in  1635  and  settled  in  Eliz 
abeth  City.  He  moved  to  Michigan  in  1871,  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  one  of  the  foremost  merchants  of  Lapeer  county,  at  Imlay 
City.  For  two  terms  he  was  village  president ;  has  filled  numer 
ous  public  offices  of  trust ;  is  a  prominent  mover  in  various  frater 
nal  orders;  and  during  1887-88  served  with  distinction  as  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Michigan  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Imlay 
City,  Mich. 

Hatch,  Edward  W.,  attorney-at-law  of  New  York  city,  was 
born  Nov.  26,  1852,  in  Friendship,  N.Y.  In  1880-86  he  was  district 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  191 

attorney  of  Erie  county,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1887-95  was  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.  In  1895  he  resigned  from  the  siv 
perior  court  and  was  elected  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
New  York  from  the  eighth  judicial  district  for  a  term  of  fourteen 
years.  In  1896-1900  he  was  assigned  to  the  appellate  division, 
second  department  of  Brooklyn;  and  in  1900-05  was  transferred 
to  the  first  department  city  of  New  York.  In  1905  he  resigned 
from  the  bernch  and  entered  the  law  firm  of  Parker,  Hatch  and 
Sheehan  of  New  York  city. 

Hawkins,  Russell,  business  president,  was  born  March  18, 
1870,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Until  1897  he  owned  the  Lancaster 
match  works  at  Safe  Harbor,  Pa.;  and  then  built  the  plant  and 
conducted  the  York  match  company  of  Pennsylvania,  which  in 
1890  became  identified  with  the  Diamond  match  company,  of 
which  he  was  vice-president.  He  is  now  a  partner  of  the  Whit 
ney  company,  limited,  a  Michigan  partnership  association  heavily 
interested  in  Western  timber  properties. 

Hawley,  James  H.,  lawyer,  pioneer,  statesman,  was  born  Jan. 
17,  1847,  in  Dubuque,  la.  He  was  educated  in  the  grammar  and 
high  schools  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  In  1862  he  went  to  Idaho ;  and 
was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  that  territory.  He  was  engaged 
in  mining  until  1871  and  since  then  has  been  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  He  has  been  identified  for  the  past  thirty  years  with 
most  of  the  important  criminal  cases  of  his  state ;  and  in  1892  was 
in  charge,  for  the  miners,  of  the  labor  troubles  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes.  In  1870-71  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Idaho  legisla 
ture  ;  and  in  1874-75  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  In  1879- 
83  he  was  district  attorney  for  the  second  district  of  Idaho  terri 
tory;  and  in  1884-87  was  United  States  attorney  for  Idaho.  In 
1904-05  he  was  mayor  of  Boise,  Idaho;  and  has  filled  numerous 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Hawley,  Thomas  Porter,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Nevada,  was  born  July  18,  1830,  in  Versailles,  Ind.  He  was 
educated  in  Versailles,  Ind.,  and  went  to  California.  In  1852-55 
he  was  engaged  in  mining;  in  1855-57  was  in  the  county  clerk's 
office  in  Nevada  county,  Cal. ;  and  in  1857  began  the  practice  of 
law.  In  1862-64  he  was  district  attorney  for  Nevada  county,  Cal. ; 
and  in  1868  removed  to  White  Pine  county,  Nev.  In  1872-90  he 
was  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Nevada.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
district  of  Nevada ;  and  resides  in  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Hayes,  Thomas  Gordon,  soldier,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born 
Jan.  5,  1844,  in  Anne  Arundel  county,  Md.  He  received  a  good 
education;  and  graduated  from  the  Virginia  military  institute. 
He  served  as  a  confederate  soldier  during  the  civil  war.  In  1872 


192  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  and  was  United  States  district  at 
torney  for  Maryland  under  President  Cleveland's  first  adminis 
tration.  In  1899-1903  he  was  mayor  of  Baltimore ;  and  has  filled 
numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Hayes,  William  James,  manufacturer,  was  born  on  Oct.  11, 
1837,  in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio.  His  wire  mills  have  continued  to  grow 
until  they  have  become  the  largest  in  the  country,  employing 
seven  thousand  men,  their  annual  output  aggregating  sixty  thou 
sand  tons.  In  1886  the  banking  firm  was  succeeded  by  W.  J. 
Hayes  and  sons,  who  assumed  all  the  deposits,  assets  and  liabili 
ties  and  purchased  the  good  will  of  the  business.  The  bank  is  now 
a  rising  institution,  transacts  general  banking  in  all  its  forms,  and 
stands  high  in  the  estimation  of  business  men. 

Haynes,  Irving  Samuel,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  29,  1861,  in  Saranac,  N.Y.  He  is  a  successful  physician  of 
New  York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  Manual  of  Anatomy;  and 
Practical  Guide  for  Beginners  to  the  Dissection  of  the  Human 
Body. 

Haynes,  Jacob  M.,  lawyer,  jurist,  banker,  was  born  April  12, 
1817,  in  Monson,  Mass.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  academy  of  his  native  city;  and  graduated  from  the 
Phillips  academy  of  Massachusetts.  In  1843  he  moved  to  In 
diana;  and  in  1856-71  was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas. 
In  1871-77  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Indiana;  and  since 
1874  has  been  president  of  the  People's  bank  of  Portland,  Ind. 

Hayes,  Charles  Melville,  railroad  president,  was  born  May  16, 
1856,  in  Rock  Island,  111.  Since  1873  he  has  been  in  railway  ser 
vice  and  is  now  president  of  the  Central  Vermont  railway;  is 
president  of  the  Chicago,  Detroit  and  Canada  grand  trunk  junc 
tion  railroad ;  and  of  various  other  corporations. 

Hazlett,  Robert,  civil  engineer,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec. 
24,  1863,  in  Wheeling,  W.Va.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city;  attended  Linsly  instiute;  and  grad 
uated  as  a  civil  engineer  from  the  Ohio  state  university.  In  1891- 
93  he  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Western  and  Atlantic  railway  at 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  in  1900-01  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Frank 
fort  and  Cincinnati  railway ;  and  in  1901-05  was  chief  engineer  of 
the  P.  H.  T.  Co.  railway  at  Wheeling,  W.Va.  In  1897-1903  he 
was  engineer  for  Ohio  county.  In  1897-99  and  in  1901-05  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Wheeling  city  council.  He  was  vice-president 
for  West  Virginia  of  the  national  river  and  harbor  congress ;  and 
a  director  in  the  Wheeling  board  of  trade.  He  is  now  a  member 
of  the  West  Virginia  state  senate  from  the  first  senatorial  dis 
trict  for  the  term  of  1907-11. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  193 

Hebron,  John  L.,  state  senator  of  Mississippi,  was  born  July 
6,  1864,  in  Vicksburg,  Miss.  He  was  educated  at  the  Mississippi 
college  and  at  the  university  of  Mississippi.  He  is  a  successful 
lawyer,  planter  and  merchant  of  Greenville,  Miss. ;  and  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city. 
He  has  been  county  attorney  for  Washington  county,  Miss. ;  chair 
man  of  the  democratic  executive  committee  of  Washington 
county,  Miss. ;  trustee  of  the  university  of  Mississippi ;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Mississippi  state  senate  for  Washington  county  for  the 
term  of  1904-08.  He  is  president  of  the  board  of  Mississippi  levee 
commissioners,  one  of  the  most  responsible  positions  in  the  great 
Yazoo  delta ;  and  resides  in  Greenville,  Miss. 

Hedge,  Frederic  Henry,  librarian,  bibliographer,  was  born 
June  20,  1831,  in  Arlington,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  the  high 
school  of  Bangor,  Maine;  and  in  1851  graduated  from  Harvard 
college.  He  has  been  assistant  librarian  at  the  Providence  ath 
enaeum  of  Rhode  Island ;  and  librarian  of  the  Massachusetts  his 
torical  society.  In  1874-1901  he  was  librarian  of  the  public  li 
brary  of  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Heistand,  Henry  Olcot  Sheldon,  soldier,  was  born  April  30, 
1856,  in  Richwood,  Ohio.  He  entered  West  Point  as  a  cadet  in 
1874.  On  graduating  he  was  appointed  government  inspector 
and  instructor  of  the  Ohio  national  guard  in  1892.  In  1896  he 
was  confidential  secretary  to  Major  McKinley  during  his  presi 
dential  campaign ;  and  in  1898  during  the  Spanish- American  war, 
was  adjutant-general  of  the  second  army  corps.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Alaska,  Its  History  and  Description. 

Hemenway,  Alfred,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1839,  in  Hop- 
kinton,  Mass.  In  1861  he  graduated  from  Yale  college,  received 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1864 ;  and  studied  law  in  the  Harvard  law 
school.  In  1863  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Boston,  Mass. 
In  1897  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Wolcott  sole  commissioner 
to  draft  the  act  embodying  the  principles  of  the  Torrens  system 
of  land  transfer ;  and  the  act  drafted  by  him  is  now  the  law.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  university,  union  and  various  other  clubs ;  and 
president  of  the  Bar  association  of  the  city  of  Boston. 

Hemenway,  Stacy,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1836, 
in  La  Porte  county,  Ind.  He  graduated  from  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  Lind  university,  now  known  as  the  Chicago  Medical 
university.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  assistant  surgeon  of  the 
ninth  cavalry  Illinois  volunteers;  then  became  surgeon  of  the 
forty-first  United  States  colored  troops;  and  subsequently  was 
acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army.  During  1871- 
74  he  was  resident  physician  to  the  hospital  for  the  insane  of 


194  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Washington  territory ;  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Washington 
state  medical  society;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  various 
leading  medical  bodies  in  America;  and  resides  in  Klamath 
Agency,  Ore. 

Hemmeter,  John  Cohn,  physician,  composer,  author,  was  born 
April  25,  1863,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  professor  of  physiology 
and  clinical  professor  of  medicine  in  the  university  of  Maryland ; 
physician  in  charge  of  Bayview  hospital ;  consultant  to  the  Mary 
land  hospital  and  other  hospitals;  and  regent  of  the  university 
of  Maryland.  His  practice  is  limited  to  the  diseases  of  the  diges 
tive  organs.  He  has  been  president  of  the  American  gastro-en- 
terologic  and  other  medical  associations.  He  is  the  author  of 
Diseases  of  the  Stomach;  Diseases  of  the  Intestines;  and  other 
works.  He  has  composed  the  cantata  Hygeia  and  other  composi 
tions  for  the  piano  and  voice. 

Hencke,  John  William,  notary  public,  government  official  ex 
pert,  inventor,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1868,  in  Akron,  Ohio.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education  in  the  Cleveland  schools.  He  became 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Ohio  electric  works.  He  is  a 
staunch  republican;  and  is  cashier  of  the  United  States  custom 
house  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  has  won  a  reputation  as  an  expert 
on  counterfeit  money.  He  has  invented  Hencke 's  folding  comfort 
chair  and  various  automatic  toys.  He  is  an  officer  in  local  im 
provement  bodies,  securing  for  his  community  many  benefits, 
among  which  are  the  playgrounds  for  children.  He  served  on 
an  inspection  trip  of  the  waterways  and  harbors  of  the  Alaskan 
coast.  He  is  prominent  in  masonic  affairs;  and  is  a  member  of 
many  masonic  bodies. 

Henderson,  Charles  English,  physician,  railroad  president,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1844,  in  Jefferson  county,  Va.,  now  West  Virginia. 
In  1850-59  he  was  educated  at  a  private  school  in  Jefferson  county, 
Va. ;  and  in  1859-61  in  Georgetown,  D.C.  In  1868  he  graduated 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania ; 
and  in  1869-70  was  resident  physician  of  Bay  View  hospital  of 
Baltimore,  Md.  In  1870-74  he  was  in  railway  service  as  a  clerk 
on  the  Missouri  river,  Fort  Scott  and  Gulf  railway ;  in  1874-79  he 
was  chief  clerk  to  the  general  superintendent  and  receiver  of  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  and  Galveston  railroad.  In  1879  he  was 
engaged  in  prospecting  routes  and  settling  purchase  accounts  for 
Springfield  and  Western  Missouri  railroad.  In  1879-80  he  was 
general  freight  and  ticket  agent  for  the  Atchison  and  Nebraska 
railway;  and  also  consecutively  auditor,  paymaster,  cashier  and 
assistant  general  manager.  In  1881-88  he  was  general  manager 
and  receiver  of  the  Indina,  Bloomington,  and  western  railway ;  in 
1888-89  was  general  manager  of  the  Ohio,  Indiana  and  western 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  195 

railway;  in  1881-92  was  general  manager  of  the  Ohio  southern 
railroad ;  and  in  1884-86  was  general  manager  of  the  Dayton  and 
Ironton  railroad.  In  1884-87  he  was  manager  for  the  purchaser 
of  the  Dayton  and  Toledo  railroad ;  in  1884-86  was  receiver  of  the 
Danville,  Olney  and  Ohio  river  railroad ;  and  in  1886-88  was  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  Chicago  and  Ohio  river  railway.  In  1889- 
1903  he  was  general  manager  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading 
coal  and  iron  company;  and  since  1903  has  been  first  vice-presi 
dent  of  that  corporation.  Since  1896  he  has  also  been  second  vice- 
president  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  railway. 

Henderson,  John  Steele,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  Jan.  6,  1846,  in  Salisbury,  N.C.  In  1864  he  entered  the  con 
federate  army ;  and  served  as  a  private  until  the  close  of  the  civil 
war.  In  1871  and  1875  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitu 
tional  convention ;  and  in  1876  was  elected  a  representative  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  legislature.  In  1879  he  was  elected  a  state 
senator;  and  in  1880  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national 
convention.  In  1885-95  he  was  a  representative  from  North  Car 
olina  to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

Hendren,  Gilbert  H.,  lawyer,  journalist,  political  leader,  was 
born  March  29,  1857,  in  Cannal  Winchester,  Ohio.  After  receiv 
ing  his  education  in  the  district  schools  of  Ohio  and  the  normal 
schools  of  Indiana,  he  graduated  from  the  Central  law  school  of 
Indianapolis.  He  served  eight  years  as  deputy  clerk  of  the  cir 
cuit  court ;  served  three  terms  as  chairman  of  the  county  central 
committee ;  and  was  a  delegate  from  the  second  congressional  dis 
trict  of  the  World's  Columbian  exposition  at  Chicago.  He  was  for 
two  terms  chairman  of  the  second  congressional  district;  was  a 
chairman  of  the  speakers  bureau  of  the  state  of  Indiana  in  1906 ; 
and  was  first  vice-chairman  of  the  state  committee  and  chairman 
of  the  speakers  bureau  of  the  state  of  Indiana  during  the  great 
Bryan  presidential  campaign  of  1908,  giving  to  the  democratic 
party  the  greatest  stumping  and  educational  campaign  in  the  his 
tory  of  the  state  of  Indiana. 

Hendrickson,  Charles  Elvin,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1843,  in  New  Egypt,  N.J. 
In  1868  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  state  legisla 
ture  ;  was  prosecutor  of  the  pleas  of  Burlington  county  in  1870-90 ; 
and  in  1896  was  appointed  special  judge  of  the  court  of  errors 
and  appeals  of  New  Jersey  for  term  expiring  in  1902.  He  is  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New  Jersey;  and  re 
sides  in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J. 

Herrick,  Francis  Hobart,  educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1858,  in  Woodstock,  Vt.  He  is  professor  of  biology  at  Adelbert 


196  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

college  of  the  Western  reserve  university  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Ho 
is  the  author  of  The  American  Lobster,  a  Study  of  Its  Habits  and 
Development  with  fifty-four  plates ;  Home  Life  of  Wild  Birds ; 
and  numerous  papers  on  the  habits  and  development  of  animals. 

Hesseltine,  E.  Adalbert,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  June  25, 
1860,  in  Kansas.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  the  west;  and  at  the  university  in  Willamette  Valley, 
Oregon.  He  has  been  postmaster,  city  attorney,  police  judge ;  is 
the  principal  land  attorney  in  Eastern  Washington  and  has  held 
numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in  the  gift  of  his  city, 
county  and  state.  He  donated  a  library  to  the  town  of  Wilbur. 
He  is  now  trustee  of  the  Wilbur  city  library;  and  is  an  eminent 
lawyer  of  Wilbur,  Wash. 

Hewett,  Waterman  Thomas,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan. 
10,  1846,  in  Miami,  Mo.  He  has  held  the  chair  of  German  litera 
ture  at  Cornell  university  since  1883.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Frisian  Language  and  Literature ;  Aims  and  Efforts  of  Collegiate 
Study  of  Modern  Languages;  Mutual  Relations  of  High  Schools 
and  Colleges;  Cornell  University,  a  History;  and  other  works. 

Heyburn,  Weldon  Brinton,  United  States  senator  from  Idaho, 
was  born  May  23,  1852,  in  Delaware  county,  Pa.  He  received  a 
thorough  academic  education;  and  also  studied  under  private 
tutors.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876; 
and  has  continuously  practiced  his  profession  since  that  time.  In 
1883  he  settled  in  Shoshone  county,  Idaho;  and  has  always  sup 
ported  the  republican  party.  In  1888-1892  and  1900  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  conventions ;  and  in  1898  was 
the  nominee  of  the  republican  party  for  congress.  He  was  de 
feated  by  combination  of  silver  republicans,  democrats  and  popu 
lists.  He  is  a  member  of  the  republican  national  committee  for 
Idaho  for  the  term  of  1904-08.  Since  1903  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  United  State  senate  from  Idaho  as  a  republican  for  term 
ending  in  1909 ;  and  resides  in  Wallace,  Idaho. 

Hichborn,  Philip,  naval  constructor,  was  born  March  4,  1839, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.  In  1860  he  went  to  California;  and  soon 
became  master  shipwright  of  the  Mare  island  navy-yard.  In  1869 
he  was  appointed  assistant  naval  constructor,  with  the  station 
rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  navy.  In  1884,  having  received  his  com 
mission  as  a  naval  constructor,  he  was  sent  to  Europe  on  special 
duty.  Then  in  1884  he  was  ordered  to  the  navy  department  as 
assistant  chief  of  bureau;  and  in  1893  was  appointed  chief  con 
structor  of  the  navy,  and  reappointed  in  1897.  He  was  retired  in 
1901  with  the  rank  of  rear-admiral.  He  has  invented  the  Frank 
lin  life  buoy  and  the  Hichborn  balanced  turrets.  He  is  the  author 


OP  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUKY  197 

of  European  Dock  Yards;  Standard  Boats;  and  Sheathed  and 
Unsheathed  Ships. 

Hicks,  Gwin,  journalist,  public  official,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1855, 
near  Olympia,  "Wash.  He  graduated  from  the  university  of  Cali 
fornia.  He  learned  the  printer's  trade  in  his  father's  office;  and 
subsequently  he  filled  the  editorial  chair  on  various  publications 
in  his  state.  He  has  been  internal  revenue  collector;  and  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  by  Governor  Semple.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  constitutional  convention  of  Washington; 
was  the  author  and  promoter  of  the  present  primary  election  law 
of  that  state ;  and  in  1897  was  elected  state  printer. 

Hill,  Henry  Wayland,  state  senator  of  New  York,  was  born 
Noy.  13,  1853,  at  Isle  La  Motte,  Vt.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of  Vermont.  He  has 
attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Buffalo,  N.Y.  In  1894 
he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  constitutional  conven 
tion;  and  in  1896-1900  was  a  representative  in  the  New  York 
state  legislature.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Buffalo  Historical 
society;  one  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  New  York  state 
normal  school ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  is  the  author  of  Development  of  Constitutional  Law  in 
New  York;  and  an  article  in  the  Encyclopedia  Americana,  and 
other  works;  and  was  the  framer  of  several  constitutional  pro 
visions  in  the  constitution  of  the  state  of  New  York.  Since  1901 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  senate  for  the  forty- 
seventh  and  forty-eight  district ;  and  resides  in  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Hill,  James  J.,  railroad  president,  was  .born  Sept.  16,  1838,  in 
Canada.  The  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  company  is 
now  identified  with  the  Great  Northern  railway  system,  of  which 
Mr.  Hill  became  president  in  1890.  Since  he  took  charge  of  its 
affairs,  the  railway  system  has  been  extended  from  380  to  4,500 
miles,  creating  an  unbroken  line,  through  the  several  states, 
from  Lake  Superior  and  St.  Paul  to  Puget  Sound  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  The  company  also  now  owns  a  superb  fleet  of  steamships 
on  the  great  lakes,  the  passenger  steamers  not  being  surpassed  in 
speed,  design  or  accommodations  by  any  of  the  great  Atlantic 
lines. 

Hill,  Louis  W.,  railroad  president.  He  has  held  various  posi 
tions  on  the  Great  Northern  railroad;  and  in  1907  became  presi 
dent  of  that  corporation. 

Hill,  William  Henry,  banker,  founder,  fiancier,  was  born  July 
14,  1838,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
and  the  private  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  in  1855  graduated 
from  Roxbury  high  school.  He  entered  business  life  as  a  clerk 
in  a  publishing  house ;  in  1859-61  he  was  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 


198  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Chase,  Nichols  and  Hill ;  and  in  1861-69  was  a  bookseller  and  pub 
lisher  on  his  own  account.  Since  1869  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Richardson,  Hill  and  company,  the  well-known  bank 
ers  of  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  president  of  the  Renfrew  Manufactur 
ing  company,  Foster's  Wharf  company,  and  of  other  companies. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  estates,  and  a  director  of  the  First  national 
bank  of  Boston,  the  Boston  Insurance  company,  and  the  Eastern 
Steamship  company;  the  Metropolitan  Steamship  company;  the 
Clyde  Steamship  company,  and  the  Mallory  Steamship  company ; 
and  also  of  various  steamship,  manufacturing  and  other  corpora 
tions.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was  president  and  manager  of 
the  Boston  and  Bangor  Steamship  company,  which  was  then  sold 
to  the  Eastern  Steamship  company.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bos 
ton  chamber  of  commerce,  and  various  other  business,  social  and 
patriotic  societies ;  and  resides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Hillquit,  Morris,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1869,  in 
Russia.  Since  1893  he  has  practiced  law  in  New  York  City ;  and 
since  1902  has  been  committeeman  of  the  national  socialist  party 
for  New  York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Socialism  in 
the  United  States. 

Hinds,  John  Iredelle  Dillard,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
13,  1847,  in  Guilford  county,  N.C.  In  1873-99  he  was  dean  of  the 
college  faculty  and  professor  of  chemistry  at  Cumberland  uni 
versity;  and  since  1899  has  been  dean  of  the  college  faculty  of 
the  university  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  is  the  author  of  Uses  of 
Tobacco ;  Charles  Darwin ;  and  American  System  of  Education. 

Hine,  Charles  De  Lano,  soldier,  railway  examiner,  organiza 
tion  expert,  author,  was  born  March  15,  1867,  in  Vienna,  Va., 
where  he  still  maintains  a  permanent  residence.  In  1885  he  grad 
uated  from  the  high  school  of  Washington,  D.C.  He  entered  the 
employ  of  a  contractor ;  and  subsequently  in  a  competitive  exam 
ination  he  won  a  cadetship,  graduating  in  1891  from  the  United 
States  military  academy  at  West  Point.  He  subsequently  grad 
uated  from  the  Cincinnati  law  school;  and  in  1893  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  In  1891-95  he  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  United 
States  army;  and  resigned  his  commission  and  engaged  in  rail 
road  work,  filling  the  positions  consecutively  of  brakeman,  switch 
man,  yardmaster,  conductor,  chief  clerk,  trainmaster,  assistant 
superintendent,  right-of-way  agent  and  a  general  superintendent, 
besides  holding  various  staff  commissions.  He  served  in  the 
Spanish- American  war  as  a  major  in  the  United  States  volun 
teers  ;  and  participated  in  the  siege  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.  In  1900 
he  was  inspector  of  safety  appliances  for  the  Interstate  com 
merce  commission ;  and  in  1907  assisted  in  the  revision  of  business 
methods  of  the  department  of  the  Interior  at  Washington,  D.C. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  199 

In  1907-08  he  acted  as  receiver  of  the  Washington,  Arlington 
and  Falls  Church  electric  railway.  He  has  become  well  known  as 
an  eminent  railway  examiner  and  organization  expert;  is  the 
originator  of  The  Hine  System  of  Organization ;  and  which  among 
other  special  duties,  he  is  now  engaged  in  installing  on  the  Harri- 
man  lines.  He  is  the  author  of  Letters  From  An  Old  Railway 
Official  To  His  Son. 

Hinkle,  James  F.,  mayor  of  Roswell,  New  Mexico,  was  born  in 
1864  in  Missouri.  He  received  a  thorough  education;  and  grad 
uated  from  the  state  university  of  Missouri.  He  is  now  a  success 
ful  stock-raiser  and  banker  of  Roswell,  N.M.;  and  prominently 
identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  community. 
For  four  years  he  was  a  representative  in  the  New  Mexico  legis 
lature  ;  and  for  two  years  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  territorial  board  of  equalization ; 
is  now  mayor  of  his  city ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  Since  1903  he  has  been  mayor  of  the  city  of  Ros 
well,  N.M. 

Hinshaw,  Edmund  Howard,  United  States  congressman  from 
Nebraska,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1860,  in  Greensboro,  Ind.  For  ten 
years  he  taught  school;  and  for  one  year  was  superintendent  of 
city  schools  of  Fairbury,  Neb.  In  1887  he  began  the  practice  of 
law ;  and  has  held  various  city  and  county  offices.  In  1898  he  was 
a  nominee  for  congress.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Nebraska  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fourth  dis 
trict  of  Nebraska  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Fair- 
bury,  Neb. 

Hinson,  William  G.,  planter,  business  man,  was  born  in  De 
cember,  1838,  in  James  Island,  S.C.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful  Sea 
Island  cotton  planter  of  Charleston  county,  S.C. ;  and  is  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  county 
and  state.  He  has  held  several  local  positions  of  trust  and  honor ; 
and  has  always  taken  a  leading  part  in  public  affairs  and  in  the 
advancement  of  all  measures  that  tended  to  the  benefit  and  prog 
ress  of  the  business,  mercantile  and  agricultural  affairs  of  his 
community. 

Hirsh,  Hugo,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  22,  1848,  in  Ger 
many.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  New 
York  City;  studied  law,  and  is  now  a  prominent  attorney  of 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Kings  county  executive 
committee;  and  council  for  assembly  cities  committee  on  investi 
gation  of  charities  department.  He  has  been  counsel  to  the  de 
partment  of  police  and  excise  of  Brooklyn;  and  counsel  to  the 


200  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sheriff  of  Kings  county.  He  is  also  a  successful  orator ;  and  a  con 
tributor  to  the  periodical  press ;  and  also  to  standard  works.  He 
is  the  author  of  Hirsh  on  Juries ;  Hirsh  's  Tabulated  Digest  of  the 
Divorce  Laws  of  the  United  States;  also  poems  and  short  stories 
to  magazines. 

Hiscock,  Frank,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1834, 
in  Pompey,  N.Y.  He  received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855  and  commenced  to  practice 
at  Tully,  N.Y.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of  Onondaga 
county,  serving  in  1860-63 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  consti 
tutional  convention  in  1867.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-fifth, 
forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth 
congresses;  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a 
republican,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1887,  for 
term  of  service  extending  to  March  3,  1893. 

Hiscock,  Frank  Harris,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  16,  1856, 
in  Tully,  N.Y.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  Cornell  university ;  and 
in  1878  began  the  practice  of  law.  Since  1896  he  has  been  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York ;  and  resides  in  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Hitt,  Isaac  R.,  chief  of  division  United  States  internal  revenue, 
was  born  Sept.  7,  1864,  in  Chicago,  111.  In  1888  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  B.S.  from  the  Northwestern  university  of  Evans- 
ton,  111. ;  and  in  1894  graduated  from  the  Kent  college  of  law.  In 
1898-1902  he  was  law  clerk  in  the  law  division  of  the  internal 
revenue  in  the  treasury  department  of  the  United  States;  and 
since  1902  he  has  been  chief  of  the  miscellaneous  division,  United 
States  internal  revenue.  He  is  a  member  of  the  bar ;  and  in  1900 
compiled  the  internal  revenue  laws  for  the  United  States  treasury 
department ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Hoag,  Charles  E.,  lawyer,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Sept.  18,  1849,  in  Moultonboro,  N.H.  He  was  at  one  time  the 
editor  and  owner  of  the  Peabody  Reporter  and  the  American 
Citizen  of  Boston,  in  which  city  he  was  at  one  time  president  of 
a  corporation  publishing  one  of  the  daily  papers.  He  has  pub 
lished  several  prose  works ;  and  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  Chords 
and  Discords.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Peabody  institute; 
and  held  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  For  two 
terms  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts  state  legisla 
ture  ;  and  resides  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

Hoard,  William  Dempster,  soldier,  farmer,  journalist,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1836,  in  Stockbridge,  N.Y.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  in 
the  fourth  regiment  Wisconsin  infantry  and  in  the  first  regiment 
New  York  light  artillery;  and  participated  in  numerous  battles 
and  skirmishes.  In  1870  he  founded  the  Jefferson  county  union ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  201 

and  in  1885  founded  Hoard's  Dairyman  at  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis. 
He  was  president  of  the  Northwestern  dairymen's  association. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Wisconsin  editorial  association ;  and 
commander  of  the  department  of  Wisconsin  of  the  grand  army 
of  the  republic.  In  1889-91  he  was  governor  of  the  state  of  Wis 
consin.  He  has  also  been  president  of  the  National  dairy  union; 
and  is  now  president  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  university  of 
Wisconsin.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  large  farm  and  herd  of  pure 
bred  Guernsey  cattle ;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  the  busi 
ness  and  public  affairs  of  Wisconsin. 

Hodge,  Richard  Morse,  clergyman,  educator,  author,  was  born 
May  25,  1864,  in  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.  Graduated  Princeton  uni 
versity  1886,  Princeton  theological  seminary  1889,  received  degree 
of  D.D.  from  university  of  Nashville,  1901.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  a  clergyman  of  the  presbyterian  church;  1901-7  has  been 
director  of  extension  courses  for  law  students  in  the  Union  theo 
logical  seminary  and  since  1902  lecturer  in  Biblical  literature  at 
Columbia  university.  He  is  the  author  of  Historical  Atlas,  Chro 
nology  of  the  Life  of  Jesus  Christ,  Manual  Methods  of  Sunday- 
school  Teaching,  New  Testament  Authors  and  Their  Works,  Hodge 
Historical  Maps  for  Bible  Study,  and  several  pamphlets  on  Bibli 
cal  literature  and  religious  education.  His  specialty  is  the  reli 
gious  education  of  children. 

Hodges,  Harry  Marsh,  naval  officer,  was  born  June  21,  1855, 
in  Carrollton,  111.  In  1875  he  graduated  from  the  United  States 
naval  academy;  and  was  promoted  midshipman,  ensign  and  com 
mander.  In  1905  he  voluntarily  retired  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
having  the  longest,  most  continuous  man-of-war  sea  service  of  any 
officer  on  the  naval  list.  He  was  supervisor  of  the  harbor  of  New 
York  and  hydrographer  United  States  navy.  In  1900  he  com 
pleted  the  survey  for  the  Trans-Pacific  submarine  cable;  and 
discovered  the  greatest  depth  ever  found,  five  thousand,  two  hun 
dred  and  sixty-nine  fathoms. 

Hodges,  John  Sebastian  Bach,  clergyman,  composer,  author, 
was  born  in  1830  in  Bristol,  England.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1845 ;  and  in  1854  graduated  from  the  general  theolog 
ical  seminary.  He  was  the  rector  of  several  well-known  churches, 
including  Grace  church  of  Newark;  also  St.  Paul's  parish,  Balti 
more;  and  is  now  rector  emeritus.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the 
Wyoming  historical  and  geographical  society;  and  was  its  presi 
dent  in  1879-80.  He  is  the  composer  of  many  anthems,  chants  and 
hymn  tune;  and  compiled  the  Book  of  Common  Praise  as  a  com 
panion  to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

Hoe,  Robert,  manufacturer,  inventor,  founder,  was  born 
March  10,  1839,  in  New  York  City.  In  1863  Robert  Hoe  entered 


202  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  press  manufacturing  establishment  of  his  father  as  a  partner. 
From  that  time  to  the  present  his  labors  in  connection  with  it 
have  been  unremitting.  During  the  past  twenty  years  he  has  pro 
duced  some  of  the  most  remarkable  pieces  of  mechanism  of 
the  century.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Metropolitan 
museum  of  art. 

Hoefer,  Daniel  H.,  mayor  of  Higginsville,  Mo.,  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1868,  at  Hopewell  academy,  Warren  county,  Mo.  He  received 
a  thorough  education ;  and  graduated  from  the  Central  Wesleyan 
college  of  Warrenton,  Mo.  He  is  a  successful  banker  and  busi 
ness  man  of  Higginsville,  Mo. ;  is  connected  with  the  bank  of  Hig 
ginsville,  Mo.;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  that  city.  For  two  years  he  was  alderman  of 
Higginsville,  Mo. ;  for  four  years  was  city  treasurer ;  and  for 
several  years  has  filled  the  office  of  mayor.  In  1900  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  republican  national  convention;  is  now  treasurer  of 
the  Mayors'  association  of  Missouri;  and  has  filled  various  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1902  he  has  been  mayor  of 
the  city  of  Higginsville ;  and  resides  in  Higginsville,  Mo. 

Hoffman,  Frank  Sargent,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  9, 
1852,  in  Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.  In  1876  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Amherst  college;  receiving  the  degree  of 
B.D.  from  Yale  college ;  and  studied  in  Germany.  In  1883-85  he 
was  instructor  in  philosophy  at  the  Wesleyan  university;  and 
since  1885  has  been  professor  of  philosophy  at  Union  college  of 
Schenectady,  N.Y.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  philosophical 
society;  a  member  of  the  American  association  for  the  advance 
ment  of  science;  and  a  member  of  various  other  education  and 
scientific  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  Sphere  of  the  State; 
Sphere  of  Science;  Psychology  and  Common  Life;  and  other 
works. 

Hoit,  James  De  Witt  C.,  physician,  poet,  was  born  Aug.  25, 
1842,  in  Laconia,  N.H.  He  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Mis 
souri  medical  college  of  St.  Louis ;  and  has  practiced  his  profession 
with  success  in  Yates  City  and  Elmwood,  111.  He  has  contributed 
extensively  to  the  medical  literature  and  the  periodical  press; 
and  his  poems  have  been  incorporated  into  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works;  and  resides  in  Elmwood,  111. 

Holden,  Alexander  Martin,  merchant,  railroad  director,  bank 
er,  was  born  Oct.  11,  1848,  in  Mendon,  N.Y.  He  was  prepared  for 
college  at  the  Rochester  high  school.  He  has  been  extensively 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  and  banking  business;  and  in  1870 
established  a  bank  at  Honeoye  Falls,  N.Y.,  of  which  he  has  since 
been  proprietor.  He  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the 
Rochester  southern  railroad,  a  part  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  system, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  203 

of  which  he  has  been  a  director  for  fifteen  years.  He  is  a  stock 
holder  and  director  in  many  local  enterprises.  He  organized  the 
Union  school  of  Honeoye  Falls;  and  is  interested  in  educational 
matters.  He  has  been  trustee  and  treasurer  of  the  Genesee  Wes- 
leyan  seminary  at  Lima  since  1887;  and  in  1896  was  a  lay  dele 
gate  to  the  general  conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Rochester  historical  society ;  and  a  member 
of  several  civic  and  patriotic  societies. 

Holland,  James  Edwin  Parker,  member  state  board  of  medical 
examination  of  Indiana,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1876,  in  Detroit,  Mich. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Milwaukee  and  Chicago ; 
and  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Purdue  university  school 
of  medicine,  Indiana  state  university.  He  also  took  a  course  at 
the  American  school  of  osteopathy ;  and  is  a  successful  practicing 
physician  of  Indiana.  Since  1905  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
state  board  of  medical  registration  and  examination  of  Indiana; 
and  resides  in  Bloomington,  Ind. 

Holliday,  Elias  S.,  United  States  congressman  of  Indiana,  was 
born  March  5,  1842,  in  Aurora,  Ind.  He  was  taken  west  by  his 
parents,  and  spent  his  early  life  on  a  farm;  secured  a  common 
school  education,  and  later  in  life  a  partial  academic  education. 
He  served  through  the  civil  war  in  a  Kansas  regiment;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  congresses  from  In 
diana  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Indiana  for  the  term  of  1907-09;  and 
resides  in  Brazil,  Ind. 

Hollister,  Mrs,  Lillian  M.,  educator,  reformer,  author,  was  born 
in  1853  in  Milford,  Mich. ;  and  is  the  daughter  of  Phineas  Bates, 
a  pioneer  of  Oakland  county,  Mich.  She  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools ;  graduated  from  the  high  school ;  and  took  a  course 
of  normal  training.  She  taught  school;  and  studied  music  and 
literature.  She  has  been  secretary,  vice-president  and  president 
of  the  Central  woman's  Christian  temperance  union  of  Detroit, 
Mich. ;  and  president  of  the  Woman 's  Christian  temperance  union 
of  unions  of  that  city.  In  1893  she  was  elected  great  commander 
of  the  Ladies  of  the  Maccabees  of  Michigan ;  and  since  1895  has 
been  supreme  commander  of  the  Ladies  of  the  Maccabees  of  the 
world.  For  a  number  of  years  she  has  been  state  parliamentarian 
for  the  Woman's  Christian  temperance  union  for  Michigan.  She 
is  also  corresponding  secretary  of  the  National  council  of  women 
of  the  United  States.  She  is  the  author  of  The  Manual  of  Parlia 
mentary  Terms  and  Procedure ;  Pocket  Manual  of  Parliamentary 
Terms;  Convention  How;  A  Model  Union;  and  other  works. 


204  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Holmes,  Joseph  Austin,  educator,  mining  technologist,  was 
born  Nov.  23,  1859,  in  Laurens,  S.C.  In  1881  he  graduated  from 
Cornell  university.  In  1881-91  he  was  professor  of  geology  and 
natural  history  in  the  university  of  North  Carolina;  and  since 
1891  has  lectured  on  geology  in  that  institution.  He  was  state 
geologist  of  North  Carolina  in  1891-1904;  was  in  charge  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  laboratories  for  testing  fuels 
and  structural  materials,  St.  Louis,  1904-07 ;  and  in  Pittsburg 
since  1908.  He  was  chief  technologic  branch  United  States  Geo 
logical  Survey,  in  charge  of  investigation  of  mine  accidents,  fuels 
and  structural  materials ;  chief  department  mines  and  metallurgy, 
St.  Louis  Exposition  in  1904. 

Holmes,  William,  lumberman,  financier,  was  born  April  16, 

1830,  in  New  Brunswick,  Canada.     In  1854  he  moved  to  Green 
Bay,  Wis.,  thence  to  Escanaba,  Mich. ;  and  in  1858  to  Menominee, 
Mich.    For  forty  years  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  lum 
ber  business ;  is  part  owner  of  a  paper  mill,  and  a  stockholder  in 
the  Lumberman's  national  bank.    He  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  and  has  filled  numerous 
offices  of  trust. 

Holston,  George,  painter,  artist,  was  born  March  10,  1835,  in 
London,  England.  In  1867  he  moved  to  New  York  City,  and  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  portrait  painter  and  successful  art 
teacher.  He  has  exhibited  occasionally  in  the  American  water- 
color  society,  and  other  institutions  of  art. 

Holt,  Homer  A.,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born  April  27, 

1831,  in  Parkersburg,  W.Va.     He  received  his  education  at  the 
Rector  college,  and  at  the  university  of  Virginia.    In  1872  he  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  West  Virginia.    In 
1871  he  became  circuit  judge  of  the  Greenbrier  circuit,  which  po 
sition  he  filled  with  distinction  for  sixteen  years.    In  1890  he  be 
came  president  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  West 
Virginia,  his  term  ending  on  Jan.  1,  1897. 

Holt,  William  Henry,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1842, 
in  Bath  county,  Ky.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  state ;  attended  the  Twinsburg  institute  of  Ohio ;  and  in 
1862  graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  New  York  law 
university  at  Albany.  In  1863-84  he  practiced  law  in  Mount 
Sterling,  Ky. ;  in  1884-93  was  judge  of  the  Kentucky  court  of  ap 
peals  at  Frankfort ;  and  in  1891-92  was  chief  justice  of  Kentucky. 
In  1893-1900  he  practiced  law  in  Frankfort,  Ky. ;  in  1904  was  first 
United  States  district  judge  of  Porto  Rico;  and  since  1904  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

Holton,  Henry  Dwight,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  in  1838 
in  Rockingham,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  the  Saxton's  River  sem- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  205 

inary,  Vt.,  and  in  1860  received  his  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  uni 
versity  of  New  York.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  physician  and 
surgeon  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  where  he  is  a  member  of  the  state 
board  of  health.  He  served  as  commissioner  from  Vermont  to  the 
Mexican  national  exposition  of  industries  and  fine  arts ;  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science ; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention  in  1896,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county 
and  state ;  and  resides  in  Brattleboro,  Vt. 

Hooper,  William  Leslie,  civil  engineer,  electrician,  mathema 
tician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1855,  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia.  In 
1877  he  graduated  from  Tufts  college;  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.M.  and  Ph.D.  from  that  institution.  In  1878-82  he  was 
an  instructor  in  mathematics  and  in  sciences ;  in  1883-90  was  pro 
fessor  of  physics  in  Tufts  college ;  and  since  1890  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  electrical  engineering  in  that  institution.  He  developed 
the  electrical  engineering  department  of  Tufts  college,  one  of  the 
first  to  be  started  in  the  United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  Elec 
trical  Problems. 

Hooton,  Mott,  soldier,  was  born  April  16, 1838,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  In  1861-64  he  served  in  the  civil  war ;  and  was  brevetted  ma 
jor.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  to  the  regular  army  as  first  lieu 
tenant  in  the  thirteenth  infantry;  and  in  1902  was  retired  with 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  organized  the  twenty-eighth 
infantry,  which  served  in  the  Philippines;  and  in  1890  was  bre 
vetted  major  for  services  in  action  against  the  Indians. 

Hopkins,  Albert  J.,  United  States  senator  of  Illinois,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1846,  in  DeKalb  county,  111.  In  1872-76  he  was  states 
attorney  of  Kane  county,  111.;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in 
1884.  He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh  and  fifty-eighth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1903-09 ;  and 
resides  in  Aurora,  111. 

Hopkins,  Archibald,  soldier,  lawyer,  government  official,  au 
thor,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1842,  in  Williamstown,  Mass. ;  and  is  the 
son  of  the  late  Mark  H.  Hopkins.  In  1862  he  graduated  from 
Williams  college.  In  1862-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war  as  captain 
and  brevet  major,  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  in  the  thirty- 
seventh  Massachusetts  regiment;  and  was  an  officer  of  the  gov 
ernment  under  the  reconstruction  acts  in  1866.  He  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  David  Dudley  Field;  graduated  from  the  Columbia 
law  school ;  and  practiced  law  until  1873  in  New  York  City.  He 
has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  LL.B.  He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  district  of  Columbia  society  sons  of  the  American  rev- 


206  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

olution ;  president  of  the  Williams  college  alumni  association ;  and 
a  member  of  the  national  geographical  society,  the  American  so 
cial  science  association  and  the  Washington  academy  of  sciences. 
Since  1873  he  has  been  clerk  in  the  United  States  court  of  claims 
of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and  is  now  chief  clerk.  He  is  the  author 
of  The  Apostles'  Creed;  and  other  works. 

Hopkins,  George  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  manufacturer, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1842,  in  White  Lake,  Mich.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  graduated 
from  the  Michigan  state  normal  school  in  1867 ;  and  in  1871  from 
the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Michigan.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  a  union  soldier  in  the  seventeenth  regi 
ment  Michigan  volunteer  infantry;  and  in  1889-90  was  adjutant- 
general  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  During  1879-84  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Michigan  house  of 
representatives ;  was  speaker  pro  tern  in  1883-84,  and  chairman  of 
the  judiciary  committee.  In  1888-90  he  was  chairman  of  the 
republican  state  central  committee,  and  in  1890-94  was  collector 
of  customs  for  the  port  of  Detroit,  in  which  city  he  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  business  man  and  a  successful  manufacturer; 
and  resides  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

Hord,  Francis  T.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Nov.  24,  1835,  in 
Maysville,  Ky.  After  receiving  his  education  he  studied  law,  and 
became  school  examiner  for  Bartholomew  county  in  1857-58 ;  and 
in  1858-60  was  district  prosecuting  attorney.  During  1862-66  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  senate. 
During  1868-72  he  was  city  attorney  for  the  city  of  Columbus; 
and  for  twenty  years  was  county  attorney  for  Bartholomew 
county.  In  1876  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic 
convention,  and  in  1880  was  a  candidate  for  presidential  elector. 
In  1882  he  was  elected  attorney-general  for  the  state  of  Indiana ; 
and  in  1884  received  the  re-election  to  the  same  position.  In 
1892  he  was  elected  to  the  high  office  of  circuit  judge  for  the 
ninth  judicial  district  of  Indiana,  and  still  holds  that  position. 

Hornibrook,  Edward,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1838,  in  Ontario,  Canada.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  the  university  of  Toronto,  and  the  university  of  Victoria 
college.  He  has  served  as  dean  of  the  medical  college  of  Sioux 
City,  Iowa,  and  professor  of  gynaecology  in  that  institution.  In 
1897-98  he  was  president  of  the  Iowa  state  medical  society;  has 
served  as  consulting  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  Iowa  hospital 
for  the  insane  at  Independence;  and  during  1891-96  was  trustee 
of  the  State  insane  hospital.  Since  the  new  organization  of  the 
hospital  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  medical  counsel. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  207 

Hornsby,  John  W.,  judge  Travis  county  court  of  Texas,  was 
born  Jan.  3,  1870,  in  Hornsby,  Travis  county,  Tex.  He  received 
a  thorough  education;  and  graduated  from  Trinity  university. 
He  has  attained  success  at  the  bar  of  Texas;  for  eight  years  he 
was  county  clerk  of  Travis  county,  Texas ;  has  been  deputy  sher 
iff  and  deputy  tax  assessor ;  and  chairman  of  the  democratic  exec 
utive  committee  of  Travis  county,  Tex.  He  is  county  judge  of 
Travis  county ;  and  resides  in  Austin,  Tex. 

Horton,  Edward  Augustus,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Sept. 
28,  1843,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  left 
school  to  serve  as  landsman  in  the  South  Atlantic  squadron  dur 
ing  the  civil  war.  In  1868-92  he  filled  pastorates  in  Leominster, 
Hingham;  and  the  latter  twelve  years  at  the  second  church  in 
Copley  Square  at  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  editor  of  Every  Other 
Sunday ;  chaplain  of  the  Massachusetts  state  senate ;  chaplain  of 
the  Massachusetts  grand  lodge  of  freemasons.  Since  1892  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Unitarian  Sunday-school  society  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  the  author  of  Story  of  Israel;  Great  Thoughts  of 
Israel ;  Scenes  in  the  Life  of  Jesus ;  Teaching  of  Jesus ;  Beginning 
of  Christianity;  Beacon  Lights  of  Christian  History;  Character 
Building;  Foundation  Truths  in  Religion;  Great  Passages  from 
the  Bible ;  and  other  works. 

Hottenroth,  Adolph  C.,  president  Taxpayers'  alliance  of  New 
York,  was  born  May  9,  1869,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  at  the  college  of  the  city 
of  New  York ;  and  at  the  New  York  university.  He  soon  attained 
success  in  the  practice  of  law ;  in  1894  was  a  member  of  the  consti 
tutional  convention;  and  in  1897-1901  was  a  member  of  the  mu 
nicipal  council  of  New  York  city.  Since  1890  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  democratic  political  party.  Since  1903  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Taxpayers'  alliance;  and  resides  in  the  borough 
of  the  Bronx,  New  York  city. 

Houck,  Henry,  educator,  public  official,  was  born  March  6r 
1836,  in  Palmyra,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  at 
Annville  academy,  and  at  the  Arcadian  institute ;  and  has  received 
the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  Litt.D.  Since  1852  he  has  been  engaged 
in  educational  work.  In  1859  he  was  appointed  superintendent 
of  schools  for  Lebanon  county,  Pa. ;  and  since  1869  he  has  been 
deputy  state  superintendent  of  schools  for  the  state  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  In  1872  he  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  teach 
ers'  association;  and  in  1903  the  teachers  and  educators  of  the 
state  presented  him  with  a  purse  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars  for  an 
extended  trip  to  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa.  In  May,  1907,  he  had 
charge  of  the  department  of  internal  affairs. 


208  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Hough,  Warwick,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1836,  in 
Loudoun  county,  Va.  He  served  in  the  confederate  army  during 
the  civil  war ;  and  for  a  while  was  on  the  staff  of  Lieutenant-Gen- 
eral  Taylor.  In  1874-84  he  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Missouri,  during  the  last  two  years  of  which  he  was  chief  justice ; 
and  in  1901-07  was  judge  of  the  St.  Louis  circuit  court.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Houghton,  Sherman  Otis,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
April  10,  1828,  in  New  York  city.  In  1846  he  enlisted  in  the  first 
regiment  of  New  York  volunteers  for  service  during  the  war  with 
Mexico.  He  went  with  his  regiment  around  Cape  Horn  in  1846, 
arriving  at  San  Francisco  on  March  26,  1847.  Soon  after  he  went 
to  Mexico,  and  participated  in  numerous  conflicts  with  the  Mex 
ican  troops;  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  and  made  adjutant 
of  his  command.  After  his  return  to  California  he  engaged  in 
gold  mining  for  a  short  time ;  remained  in  San  Jose  during  1849- 
86 ;  thence  to  Los  Angeles,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1855- 
56  he  was  mayor  of  San  Jose.  In  1871-75  he  was  a  representative 
from  California  to  the  forty-second  and  forty-third  congresses. 
He  served  two  years  as  ordnance  officer  on  the  staff  of  Major- 
General  H.  W.  Halleck,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In 
1860  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  has  been  leading  counsel  in 
numerous  important  cases  involving  titles  under  Spanish  and 
Mexican  land  grants  in  California. 

House,  Roy  Temple,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  26,  1878, 
in  Lexington,  Neb.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  public 
and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  In  1901-02  he  was  a  stu 
dent  at  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and  has  received  the  degrees 
of  A.B.  and  A.M.  from  Miami  university.  In  1901  he  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  high  school  at  Reiley,  Ohio ;  and  in  1902-03  he  was  a 
teacher  of  French  and  German  at  Racine  college.  In  1903-05  he 
was  an  instructor  of  French  at  the  St.  Louis  high  school ;  and  pro 
fessor  of  modern  languages  at  the  Oklahoma  southwestern  state 
normal  school  since  1905.  He  is  the  author  of  Three  French  Com 
edies;  also  articles  and  transactions  in  various  magazines. 

Hovey,  George  Rice,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1860,  in  Newton  Center,  Mass.  In  1886-97  he  was 
professor  of  Hebrew  and  Greek  at  the  Richmond  theological  sem 
inary  ;  and  in  1897-98  was  president  of  Wayland  seminary  and 
college  of  Washington,  D.C.  In  1899-1901  he  was  professor,  in 
1901-05  was  vice-president,  and  since  1905  has  been  president  of 
the  Virginia  union  university  of  Richmond,  Va.  He  is  the  author 
of  Hebrew  Word-Book  for  Study  and  Class-Room. 

Howard,  Josiah,  manufacturer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  3, 
1861,  in  Williamsport,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  school^ 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY 

of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful  manufacturer  of  lumber; 
and  has  been  burgess  of  Emporium,  Pa.  He  is  a  representative 
in  the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature;  and  a  member  and  chair 
man  of  the  ways  and  means  committee. 

Howard,  William,  judge  municipal  court  of  Huntington,  Utah, 
was  born  Jan.  13,  1847,  in  Belfast,  Ireland.  In  1853  he  settled  in 
Utah.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  second-lieutenant  in  the  Nauvoo 
legion,  and  took  charge  of  a  company  of  men  in  the  Black  Hawk 
Indian  war.  In  1870  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Rich  county, 
and  filled  various  other  positions  of  public  trust.  For  ten  years 
he  was  statistic  correspondent  of  the  United  States  agricultural 
department.  In  1894  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  constitu 
tional  convention  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  constitution 
of  Utah  in  1895.  He  has  also  served  as  a  United  States  court 
commissioner.  In  1896  he  was  elected  a  representative  of  the  first 
Utah  state  legislature,  and  served  in  that  body  with  distinction. 
He  is  an  able  lawyer  of  Huntington,  Utah ;  and  in  1896  was  elected 
county  attorney.  He  is  director  and  secretary  of  the  Huntington 
co-operative  mercantile  association,  director  and  secretary  of  the 
Huntington  canal  and  reservoir  association,  and  president  of  the 
electric  light  and  milling  company.  He  is  chairman  of  the  board 
of  education ;  United  States  commissioner  for  the  district  of  Utah ; 
and  judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Huntington,  Utah. 

Howe,  Daniel  Wait,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  genealogist,  was 
born  Oct.  24,  1839,  in  Patriot,  Ind.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Frank 
lin,  and  graduated  from  the  scientific  department  of  the  college  in 
that  city.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  union  soldier  in 
company  H  of  the  seventh  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infantry ; 
and  afterward  as  lieutenant  and  captain  of  company  I,  seventy- 
ninth  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infantry.  He  was  discharged 
Nov.  10,  1864,  in  consequence  of  wounds  received  in  the  battle 
of  Kenesaw.  In  1867  he  graduated  from  the  Albany  law  school ; 
practiced  law  in  Franklin,  Ind. ;  and  while  there  was  city  attor 
ney  and  state  prosecuting  attorney.  In  1873  he  moved  to  Indian 
apolis;  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  during  1876-90,  since 
which  time  he  has  practiced  his  profession  of  law.  He  is  vice- 
president  of  the  Indiana  historical  society;  the  author  of  the 
Howe  Genealogy;  and  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Indiana; 
and  resides  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Howe,  Herbert  Alonzo,  educator,  astronomer,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1858,  in  Brockport,  N.Y.  Since  1881  he  has  been 
professor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy  in  the  university  of 
Denver ;  and  dean  of  the  college  of  Liberal  arts.  He  is  also  direc 
tor  of  the  Chamberlain  observatory.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Study 
of  the  Sky ;  and  Elements  of  Descriptive  Astronomy. 


210  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Howe,  James  R.,  merchant,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  27,  1839,  in  New  York  city.  His  ancestors  were  among  the 
early  settlers  of  New  England.  From  his  youth  up  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  dry-goods  business ;  is  trustee  in  a  number  of  pub 
lic  institutions  in  the  city,  and  is  vice-president  of  the  Amphion 
musical  society  and  a  member  of  the  Union  league  club.  In  1895- 
99  he  was  a  representative  from  New  York  to  the  fifty-fourth  and 
fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  has  taken  a  prominent 
part  in  the  deliberations  of  congress.  He  introduced  an  amend 
ment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  making  it  possible 
for  a  uniform  marriage  and  divorce  law;  and  also  advocated  a 
national  bankrupt  law,  and  the  creation  of  a  labor  commission 
bill.  He  has  also  spoken  on  the  Armenian  outrages,  Cuba,  the 
emergency  bond  bill,  and  pensions. 

Hubbard,  Elbert  Hamilton,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Aug.  19,  1849,  in  Rushville,  Ind.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Iowa,  1862-69;  graduated  from  Yale 
college  in  the  class  of  1872,  and  is  a  lawyer.  He  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  nineteenth  general  as 
sembly  of  Iowa,  and  of  the  senate  in  the  twenty-seventh  and 
twenty-eighth  general  assemblies.  In  1905-11  he  was  a  represent 
ative  from  Iowa  to  the  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican. 

Hubbard,  Lucius  Frederick,  soldier,  railroad  president,  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1836,  in  Troy,  N.Y.  In  his  youth  he 
learned  the  tinner's  trade.  In  1854  he  moved  to  Chicago,  and 
there  worked  at  that  trade  for  three  years.  In  1857  he  moved  to 
Red  Wing,  Minn.,  and  founded  the  Red  Wing  Republican.  He 
served  with  distinction  during  the  civil  war,  rising  from  a  private 
of  company  A,  fifth  Minnesota  volunteer  infantry,  through  the 
grades  of  captain,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general.  In  1866  General  Hubbard  entered  the  grain 
and  flouring  business;  and  ten  years  later  commenced  railroad 
building,  and  became  president  of  several  railroads.  He  served 
several  years  as  state  senator  and  from  1882  to  1887  as  governor 
of  the  great  commonwealth  of  Minnesota,  and  filled  that  high 
office  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  people  of  that  state.  In  the  Span 
ish-American  war  he  served  as  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
in  command  of  the  third  division  of  the  seventh  army  corps ;  and 
resides  in  Red  Wing,  Minn. 

Hubbard,  Thomas  Hamlin,  soldier,  lawyer,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Dec.  20,  1838,  in  Hallowell,  Maine.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  Hallowell  academy,  Bowdoin  college,  and  the 
Albany  law  school.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  union  army 
during  the  civil  war;  was  adjutant  of  the  twenty-fifth  regiment 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  211 

of  the  Maine  volunteer  infantry;  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  thirtieth  regiment  Maine  volunteer  infantry;  and 
to  colonel  of  the  same  regiment;  and  subsequently  was  made 
brevet  brigadier-general  United  States  volunteers.  In  1865  he 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York  city,  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  state.  He  is 
the  president  of  the  Oregon  and  California  railroad  company; 
president  of  the  California  Pacific  railroad  company;  president 
of  the  Houston  and  Texas  central  railroad  company ;  president 
of  the  Austin  and  northwestern  railroad  company;  president  of 
the  Ft.  Worth  and  New  Orleans  railroad  company;  and  of  the 
Central  Texas  and  northwestern  railroad  company. 

Hubbell,  J.  Lorenzo,  merchant,  legislator,  was  born  Nov.  20, 
1853,  in  New  Mexico.  In  1855-86  he  was  sheriff  of  Apache  county, 
Arizona  territory ;  in  1893  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  council ; 
and  in  1896  was  alternate  to  the  national  republican  convention. 
He  is  a  successful  merchant  and  Indian  trader  of  Ganado,  Ari 
zona  territory ;  and  resides  in  Ganado,  Ariz. 

Hubbell,  William  Stone,  soldier,  clergyman,  was  born  in  1837 
in  Wolcottville,  Conn.  In  1858  he  graduated  from  Yale  college ; 
in  1866  graduated  from  Andover  theological  seminary ;  and  subse 
quently  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Hamilton  college.  In 
1862-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war ;  and  became  captain  and  brevet 
major  in  the  twenty-first  regiment  Connecticut  volunteers.  He 
received  a  medal  of  honor  at  the  battle  of  Fort  Harrison,  Va.  He 
has  filled  pastorates  in  Braintree,  West  Roxbury  and  Somerville, 
Mass. ;  and  in  1881-96  was  pastor  of  the  North  presbyterian  church 
of  Buffalo,  N.Y.  Since  1898  he  has  been  general  secretary  of  the 
New  York  sabbath  committee.  He  is  chaplain  of  the  New  York 
commandery  loyal  legion ;  and  of  other  patriotic  orders. 

Hubinger,  John  Carl,  inventor,  business  man,  was  born  March 
18,  1852,  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm 
J.  C.  Hubinger  and  company,  of  Keokuk,  Iowa,  inventors  of 
the  celebrated  elastic  starch,  which  is  used  in  nearly  every  house 
hold  in  America.  He  is  the  president  and  proprietor  of  the  Keo 
kuk  electric  light  and  power  system ;  and  manager  and  owner  of 
the  Mississippi  valley  telephone  company,  which  is  the  largest 
telephone  company  in  the  United  States,  excepting  the  Bell  tele 
phone  company. 

Huckel,  Samuel,  designer,  architect,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1858, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  Philadelphia  high 
school ;  and  then  studied  architecture.  In  1883  he  began  the  prac 
tice  of  architecture  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  since  1902  has  been 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Watson  and  Huckel.  He  designed  and 
supervised  the  remodeling  of  the  Grand  Central  station  of  New 


212  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

York  city,  the  American  express  building;  and  numerous  other 
buildings,  banks  and  churches  in  New  York  city  and  Philadelphia. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  institute  of  architects ;  a  member 
of  the  Art  club  of  Philadelphia;  and  a  member  of  the  Architec 
tural  league  of  New  York  city. 

Hughes,  Charles  Hamilton,  physician,  founder,  author,  was 
born  May  23,  1839,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1859  he  graduated  from 
the  St.  Louis  medical  college.  He  was  a  major  and  army  surgeon 
in  the  military  hospitals  during  the  civil  war.  He  is  president  of 
the  faculty  and  professor  of  nervous  diseases  in  Barnes  medical 
college  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  was  editor  and  founder  of  the  Alien 
ist  and  Neurologist.  He  is  the  author  of  Reflex;  Shuttle  Pulse; 
Patriot's  Prayer;  Up  With  the  Flag;  Symposium  of  the  Maine; 
and  the  Great  of  Humble  Birth  in  History. 

Hughes,  Daniel,  banker,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1847,  near  Liberty, 
Mo.  He  received  his  education  in  the  country  schools,  and  at  the 
William  Jewel  college  of  Liberty,  Mo.  He  has  attained  success 
in  financial  affairs,  and  is  the  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Liberty.  Mr.  Hughes  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state;  and  is  a  prominent  member 
of  various  fraternal  orders. 

Hughes,  George  M.,  railroad  president,  was  born  June  19, 
1843,  in  Southfield,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  pri 
vate  schools  of  his  native  state.  For  many  years  he  was  station 
agent  in  various  cities ;  in  1894  became  contracting  agent  of  the 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad;  in  1896  became  general  agent 
for  the  New  York,  Susquehanna  and  western  railroad ;  and  has 
held  the  offices  of  general  freight  agent,  traffic  manager  and  gen 
eral  manager  of  different  roads.  He  is  now  president  and  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  New  Jersey,  Indiana  and  Illinois  railway, 
with  headquarters  in  New  York  city. 

Hughes,  Louis  C.,  journalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  governor,  was 
born  May  15,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  assisted  in  organizing 
and  was  a  member  of  the  first  lodge  amalgamated  order  united 
workmen.  He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Tuscon,  Ariz. ;  was  dis 
trict  attorney  for  two  terms;  was  probate  judge;  and  became 
attorney-general  of  Arizona.  In  1893-96  he  was  governor  of  the 
territory  of  Arizona. 

Hughes,  Robert  Morton,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Sept.  10, 
1855,  in  Abingdon,  Va.  He  received  a  thorough  education  and 
the  degrees  of  A.B.  from  William  and  Mary  college  and  A.M. 
from  the  university  of  Virginia.  In  1877  he  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law;  and  in  1895-96  was  president  of  the  Virginia 
state  bar  association.  Since  1877  he  has  practiced  law  in  Norfolk, 
Va.  He  is  the  author  of  Biography  of  General  Joseph  E.  Johns- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  213 

ton;  Handbook  of  Admiralty  Law;  and  Handbook  of  Federal 
Jurisdiction  and  Procedure. 

Hughes,  William  Edgar,  soldier,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born 
March  15,  1840,  in  Morgan  county,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Jacksonville  high  school;  and  attended  the  Illinois  college  to  the 
end  of  the  sophomore  year.  In  1860  he  removed  to  Texas ;  was  a 
colonel  in  the  confederate  army ;  and  in  1865  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  In  1865-73  he  practiced  law  in  Weatherf ord,  Texas ;  and  in 
1873  continued  his  profession  in  Dallas  and  also  in  Denver.  In 
1873  he  organized  the  City  bank  of  Dallas,  now  the  City  national 
bank ;  and  became  its  president.  In  1884  he  became  president  of 
the  Exchange  national  bank  of  Dallas,  Texas ;  and  since  1881  has 
been  president  of  the  Continental  land  and  cattle  company  of 
Denver,  Colo.  In  1890  he  became  president  of  the  Union  trust 
company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  and  removed  in  1898  to  Denver,  where 
he  organized  the  Continental  trust  company,  of  which  he  is  presi 
dent. 

Huling,  James  H.,  lumber  merchant,  congressman,  was  born 
March  24,  1844,  in  Williamsport,  Pa.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Charlestown,  W.Va.,  in  1884,  being  the  first  republican  ever  elect 
ed  to  that  office.  He  declined  a  renomination ;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Charles- 
town,  W.Va. 

Hummer,  George  Pierson,  educator,  business  man,  political 
economist,  was  born  Dec.  25,  1856,  in  Belvidere,  N.J.  After  grad 
uating  from  the  Northern  Indiana  normal  school,  he  then  became 
superintendent  of  public  schools  of  Holland,  Mich.,  which  position 
he  filled  for  seven  years.  He  then  organized  and  became  the  man 
ager  of  the  West  Michigan  furniture  company,  one  of  the  largest 
manufacturers  of  furniture  in  the  United  States.  He  took  a  lead 
ing  part  in  behalf  of  bimetallism  in  the  presidential  campaign  of 
1896,  and  became  a  candidate  for  congress  on  the  state  ticket. 

Humphrey,  George  Scranton,  engineer,  financier,  was  born 
Aug.  1,  1856,  in  Ithaca,  N.Y.  He  attended  scientific  lectures  at 
Cornell  university.  In  1885  he  became  assayor  and  superintend 
ent  of  reduction  works  in  Carlisle,  N.M. ;  in  1887  became  assistant 
manager  and  treasurer  of  the  Kokomo  glass  company  of  Indiana ; 
and  since  1900  has  been  treasurer  and  purchasing  agent  of  the 
C.  W.  Hunt  company  of  New  York  city.  He  has  traveled  exten 
sively  in  the  United  States  and  Europe;  and  attended  the  joint 
meetings  of  the  American  and  English  engineering  societies  in 
Europe  in  1900.  For  many  years  he  was  greatly  interested  in 
republican  politics ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor. 


214  FEOGEESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Humphrey,  William  Harrison,  soldier,  postmaster,  was  born 
Dec.  18,  1835,  in  Underbill,  Vt.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state  with  a  few  terms  in  the  academy.  He 
learned  the  tanner  and  currier's  trade.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  soldier  in  company  E,  second  regiment  United  States 
sharpshooters ;  and  was  mustered  out  as  captain  in  1865.  He  par 
ticipated  in  eighty-three  battles  and  skirmishes;  and  lost  his 
right  leg  about  the  knee  on  April  2,  1865.  He  is  now  postmaster 
of  Fort  Ethan  Allen,  Vt. 

Hurley,  James  E.,  railroad  manager,  was  born  June  1,  1860, 
in  Wapello,  Iowa.  Since  1880  he  has  been  in  the  service  of  the 
Atchison,  Topeko  and  Santa  Fe  railroad.  In  1888-91  he  was  train 
master  of  the  eastern  division  at  Topeka,  Kan. ;  and  in  1891-94 
was  assistant  superintendent  of  the  Chicago  division.  In  1894- 
1901  he  was  superintendent  of  the  New  Mexico  and  Rio  Grande 
divisions ;  and  since  1905  has  been  general  manager  of  the  Atchi 
son,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  system,  with  headquarters  at  Topeka, 
Kan. 

Hurry,  Edmund  Abdy,  soldier,  lawyer,  genealogist,  was  born 
Aug.,  1839,  in  New  York  city.  In  1860  he  graduated  from  Colum 
bia  college ;  and  in  1862  graduated  from  the  law  school.  He  was 
on  volunteer  picket  duty  in  North  Carolina  during  the  civil  war ; 
served  in  various  capacities;  and  was  bearer  of  despatches  to 
Farragut's  flagship  at  Pensacola  harbor.  He  was  wounded  at 
Bermuda  Hundreds  and  at  Chapin's  Bluffs  on  the  James  river. 
In  1864  he  was  a  volunteer  nurse  of  wounded  and  sick  soldiers 
in  New  York  city.  For  many  years  he  practiced  law  in  New 
York  city;  and  is  now  retired.  He  is  a  director  of  the  United 
States  fire  insurance  company.  He  has  made  public  addresses; 
and  has  written  on  genealogical  and  semi-historical  subjects  for 
New  York  papers  and  other  publications. 

Hutton,  Aurelius  Winfield,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July  23, 
1847,  in  Greene  county,  Ala.  After  receiving  a  liberal  education 
he  became  a  cadet  in  the  university  of  Alabama.  He  then  studied 
law,  and  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of 
Virginia  in  1868,  with  the  degree  of  B.L.  In  1869  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  settled  in  Los  Angeles,  Gal.,  where  he  has  attained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  that  state.  In  1872 
he  was  elected  city  attorney,  and  received  the  re-election  two 
years  later.  In  1887-88  he  became  superior  judge  of  Los  Angeles 
county ;  and  in  1889  was  appointed  United  States  attorney.  Presi 
dent  Harrison  appointed  him  special  counsel  of  the  United  States 
in  the  cases  for  violation  of  the  neutrality  laws  of  the  United 
States  against  the  Itata  in  1891. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  215 

Hyde,  Charles  L.,  journalist,  financier,  was  born  June  23, 1861, 
in  Pike  county,  111.  From  1880  to  1886  he  served  as  a  commercial 
traveler  for  an  eastern  manufacturing  house.  He  then  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  at  Lima,  Ohio,  from  whence  he  moved  to 
South  Dakota  in  1888,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  business.  Mr.  Hyde's  financial  career  has  been  most  suc 
cessful,  the  results  solely  of  his  own  perseverance,  forethought 
and  integrity.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Rustler  of 
Pierre,  and  influential  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city  and  state. 

Hyde,  Edward  Pechin,  physician,  scientist,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  3, 1879,  in  Baltimore  county,  Md.  In  1900  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  from  the  Johns  Hopkins  university ;  in  1901-02 
was  a  fellow  of  that  university;  and  in  1902-06  was  a  fellow  by 
courtesy,  receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  In  1902-05  he  was  lab 
oratory  assistant  in  the  bureau  of  standards ;  was  assistant  physi 
cist  in  1905-07  and  associate  physicist  since  1907 ;  and  has  been  in 
charge  of  the  section  of  photometry  since  1903.  In  1906  he  made 
a  European  tour  in  the  interests  of  science.  He  is  the  author  of 
various  scientific  Monographs  and  articles,  the  result  of  his  re 
searches  in  physics. 

Hyde,  Edwin  Francis,  soldier,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born  June 
23,  1842,  in  New  York  City.  He  served  in  a  New  York  regiment 
during  the  civil  war.  In  1863-88  he  practiced  law  in  New  York 
city.  Since  1886  he  has  been  vice-president  and  trustee  of  the 
Central  trust  company  of  New  York  city;  and  is  also  president 
of  the  Philharmonic  society  of  New  York  city. 

Hyde,  George  H.,  business  president,  director,  was  born  in 
1880  at  Ridgway,  Pa.  He  received  a  thorough  education;  and 
graduated  from  Bucknell  university.  He  is  identified  with  var 
ious  business  enterprises  in  Pennsylvania;  and  is  a  director  in 
several  corporations.  He  has  been  mayor  of  the  city  of  Ridgway, 
Pa.;  and  has  filled  several  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
Since  1900  he  has  held  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  Pennsylvania 
national  guard ;  and  resides  in  Ridgway,  Pa. 

Hyde,  James  Nevins,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  June  21,  1840, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  was  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
navy  in  1863 ;  and  is  a  surgeon  of  Chicago.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
Standard  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  now  in  its  eighth 
edition. 

Hyslop,  James  Hervey,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  18, 
1854,  in  Xenia,  Ohio.  In  1877  he  graduated  from  Wooster  uni 
versity;  attended  the  Leipzig  university;  and  in  1887  received 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Johns  Hopkins  university,  Smith  college 
and  Bucknell  university ;  and  was  professor  of  logic  and  ethics  in 
Columbia  university  until  1902.  He  is  also  secretary  of  the  Amer- 


216  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

lean  society  for  psychological  research.  He  is  the  author  of  Ele 
ments  of  Logic ;  Ethics  of  Hume ;  Elements  of  Ethics ;  Democracy ; 
Logic  and  Argument ;  Syllabus  of  Psychology ;  Problems  of  Phil 
osophy  ;  and  Science  and  a  Future  Life. 

Illoway,  Henry,  physician,  author,  was  born  Nov.  29,  1848,  in 
Bohemia.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  by  private 
tutors ;  and  received  his  medical  education  at  the  Miami  medical 
college  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1869-70  he  was  resident  physician 
to  the  Cincinnati  hospital;  was  professor  of  the  diseases  of  chil 
dren  at  the  Cincinnati  college  of  medicine  and  surgery ;  and  visit 
ing  physician  to  the  Jewish  hospital  of  that  city.  He  is  the  author 
of  Constipation  in  Adults  and  Children,  with  Special  Reference 
to  Habitual  Constipation  and  Its  Most  Successful  Treatment  by 
the  Mechanical  Methods ;  The  American  Text-Book  of  the  Diseases 
of  Children;  and  other  works. 

Ingalls,  Melville  Ezra,  lawyer,  state  senator,  railroad  presi 
dent,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1842,  in  Harrison,  Maine.  For  about  six 
years  he  was  engaged  as  a  schoolmaster.  He  graduated  from  the 
Bridgeton  academy;  attended  Bowdoin  college;  and  graduated 
from  the  Harvard  law  school.  In  1864  he  opened  a  law  office  in 
Gray,  Maine;  and  shortly  afterward  moved  to  Boston,  Mass.  In 
1867  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  senate ;  and  in 
1870  became  president  of  that  body.  He  moved  to  Ohio;  and 
became  president  of  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  and  Lafayette 
railroad.  In  1888-90  he  was  president  of  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  railroad ;  and  since  1889  has  been  president  of  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  railroad.  He  is  also  president 
of  the  Merchants'  national  bank  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Ingalsbe,  Grenville  Mellen,  lawyer,  jurist,  banker,  manufac 
turer,  was  born  July  26,  1846,  in  Hartford,  N.Y.  He  was  educated 
in  the  district  schools;  attended  Hartford  academy;  studied  at 
Ford  Edward  collegiate  institute;  graduated  from  Union  college 
and  Harvard  law  school;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.B., 
A.M.  and  LL.B.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Sandy  Hill  na 
tional  bank;  and  a  director  and  officer  in  various  industrial  cor 
porations.  He  has  been  probate  judge  of  Washington  county, 
N.Y. ;  and  has  held  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Izlar,  James  F.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
Nov.  25,  1832,  in  Orangeburg  county,  S.C.  He  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  confederate  army.  He  was  state  senator  for  ten  years ;  and 
was  for  eight  years,  during  his  service  in  the  senate,  president 
pro  tempore  of  that  body.  In  1889-94  he  was  judge  of  the  first 
judicial  circuit.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic 
convention  of  1884.  In  1893-95  he  was  a  representative  to  the 
fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat  to  fill  a  vacancy. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  217 

Jack,  Summers  Melville,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July 
18,  1852,  in  Summers ville,  Pa.  Since  1879  he  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Indiana,  Pa.  In  1883-89  he  was 
district  attorney  for  Indiana  county,  Pa. ;  and  since  1886  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Indiana  normal 
school  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1899-1903  he  was  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  fifty-sixth  and  fifty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican.  He  was  one  of  the  congressional  commissioners 
to  investigate  the  conditions  of  the  Philippine  Islands;  and  vis 
ited  Europe  and  the  far  east;  and  in  1902-03  on  a  similar  com 
mission  he  also  visited  the  West  Indies  and  Mexico. 

Jackson,  Daniel  Dana,  engineer,  chemist,  was  born  Aug.  1, 
1870,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.  In  1893  he  received  the  degree  of  B.S. 
from  the  Massachusetts  institute  of  technology.  He  was  success 
ively  chemist  of  the  Boston  waterworks,  biologist  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  board  of  health,  lecturer  at  the  Massachusetts 
institute  of  technology,  and  chief  chemist  of  the  Brooklyn  water 
supply.  He  is  now  director  of  the  laboratories  of  the  department 
of  water  supply,  gas  and  electricity  of  New  York  city;  and  is 
also  in  general  practice  as  sanitary  engineer  and  chemist  and 
expert  on  water  supply  and  sewage  disposal.  He  is  the  author 
of  numerous  papers  and  reports  on  sanitary  engineering,  chem 
istry,  microscopy  and  bacteriology. 

Jackson,  John  Jay,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
West  Virginia,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1824,  in  Parkersburg,  Va.  He 
was  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  county  of  Wirt,  Va.,  from 
1848  to  1854 ;  and  held  the  same  position  in  the  county  of  Ritchie 
from  1850  to  1852.  In  1851  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  legislature  of  Virginia  for  a  term  of  two  years ;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1853.  Since  1861  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  northern  district  of  West  Virginia; 
and  resides  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

Jacobus,  David  Schenck,  engineer,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1862,  in 
Ridgefield,  N.J.  In  1884  he  graduated  from  Stevens  institute 
of  technology ;  and  received  the  degree  of  Dr.Eng.  in  1906.  Since 
1906  he  has  been  special  lecturer  in  experimental  engineering  at 
Stevens  institute  of  technology.  In  1906-07  he  was  president  of 
the  American  society  of  refrigerating  engineering ;  and  is  a  fellow 
of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science.  He 
is  an  authority  in  steam  engineering;  and  has  written  many 
papers  on  that  and  kindred  subjects. 

Jacobus,  Melancthon  Williams,  educator,  theologian,  author, 
was  born  Dec.  15,  1855,  in  Allegheny,  Pa.  In  1877  he  graduated 
from  Princeton  college;  in  1881  graduated  from  Princeton  theo 
logical  seminary;  has  studied  at  the  universities  of  Gottingen 


218  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  Berlin;  and  has  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  In  1884-91  he 
was  pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  of  Oxford,  Pa. ;  and  in  1899 
was  acting-pastor  of  the  central  congregational  church  of  Hart 
ford,  Conn.  In  1901-02  he  was  lecturer  on  new  testament  at 
Mount  Holyoke  college.  Since  1891  he  has  been  professor  of  new 
testament  literature  and  exegesis  of  the  Hartford  theological 
seminary;  and  in  1902-03  was  acting-president  of  that  institu 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Problem  in  New  Testament  Criti 
cism;  Stone  Lectures  for  1897-98;  and  was  contributing  editor- 
in-charge  of  the  New  Testament  Department  of  the  New  Inter 
national  Encyclopedia. 

Jaffa,  Nathan,  merchant,  banker,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  28, 
1863,  in  Germany.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  country.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  and  banker  of  Kos- 
well,  N.M. ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business,  public 
and  political  affairs  of  his  city  and  state.  In  1907  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  state  of  New  Mexico;  is  now  serving  his  term  of 
1908-12 ;  and  resides  in  Roswell,  N.M. 

Jeffrey,  Joseph  Andrew,  manufacturer,  banker,  inventor,  was 
born  Jan.  17,  1836,  in  Clarksville,  Ohio.  In  1858-66  he  was  cash 
ier  in  a  bank  of  Columbus,  Ohio ;  and  in  1869-83  was  cashier  and 
part  owner  of  the  Commercial  bank  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  In  1866- 
68  he  was  a  third  owner  of  the  firm  of  Rickley,  Howell  and  com 
pany,  wholesale  and  retail  carpet  and  furnishing  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  In  1878  he  established  the  Jeffreys'  manufacturing  com 
pany  of  Columbus,  Ohio ;  and  in  1883  became  president  and  gen 
eral  manager  of  that  company.  In  1878  less  than  a  dozen  men 
were  employed  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  the  Jeffrey  under 
cutting  coal  mining  machines.  The  manufacture  of  other  classes 
of  machinery  were  gradually  added,  such  as  the  air  power  and 
electric  power  coal  mining  drills,  electric  locomotives,  chain  belt 
ing  conveyors,  also  elevators,  decorticators  and  crushers.  In  1907 
the  company  was  employing  more  than  three  thousand  men.  He 
has  invented  a  number  of  devices  connected  with  the  Jeffrey's 
under-cutting  coal  and  mining  machines,  drills  and  special  chains 
manufactured  by  the  company. 

Jenkins,  Burris  Atkins,  clergyman,  educator,  college  president, 
was  born  Oct.  2,  1869,  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.  He  has  been  pastor 
of  the  third  Christian  church  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  and  professor 
in  Butler  college  of  Indianapolis;  was  president  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Indianapolis ;  and  in  1901-07  was  president  of  the  Kentucky 
university  at  Lexington,  Ky.;  and  fills  a  pastorate  in  Kansas 
City,  Mo. 

Jenkins,  Edmund  Fellows,  soldier,  philanthropist,  founder, 
was  born  July  28,  1844,  in  Weedsport,  N.Y.  He  served  in  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  219 

civil  war;  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  In 
1875  he  became  secretary  and  superintendent  of  the  New  York 
society  for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to  children,  which  position 
he  still  occupies.  He  is  a  recognized  authority  on  humane  mat 
ters  throughout  the  world ;  has  visited  Europe  several  times ;  and 
aided  in  organizing  such  societies  of  England,  France,  Germany 
and  Italy. 

Jenks,  Edward  Augustus,  journalist,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  30,  1830,  in  Newport,  N.H.  His  life  has  been  largely  devoted 
to  journalistic  and  to  literary  work.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
connected  with  the  shipyard  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  four 
monitors  were  built  for  the  government.  In  1866-70  he  resided 
at  Vicksburg,  Miss.  In  1871-92  he  was  head  of  the  republican 
press  association  at  Concord,  N.H.  For  five  years  he  was  reporter 
of  the  decisions  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Hampshire ;  and  in 
1893  was  in  Chicago,  111.,  as  resident  secretary  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  world's  fair  commission.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Spinning 
Wheel  at  Rest ;  and  a  volume  of  poems  published  in  1897.  He  died 
in  1908  in  Concord,  N.H. 

Jett,  Thomas  M.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  1,  1862, 
in  Bedford  county,  111.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of  the 
counties  of  Bond  and  Montgomery;  two  years  at  the  Northern 
Indiana  Normal  school,  Valparaiso,  Ind. ;  taught  school  for  three 
terms,  read  law  with  Judge  Phillips  of  Hillsboro,  111. ;  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  May,  1887.  He  was  elected  state's  attor 
ney  of  Montgomery  county,  111.,  in  1889,  and  served  two  terms, 
covering  a  period  of  about  eight  years.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 

Jewett,  Charles,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  in  1842 
in  Bath,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools;  and 
graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Bath,  Maine.  In  1864  he  grad 
uated  from  Bowdoin  college,  where  he  received  the  degrees  of 
A.B.,  A.M.  and  Sc.D.  In  1871  he  graduated  from  the  College  of 
physicians  and  surgeons  of  New  York  city  with  the  degree  of 
M.D.  Since  1871  he  has  practiced  medicine  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ; 
and  since  1880  he  has  been  professor  of  obstetrics  and  pediatrics 
at  the  Long  Island  hospital.  Since  1882  he  has  been  obstetrician  to 
that  hospital ;  and  since  1893  has  been  consulting  obstetrician  to 
the  Kings  county  hospital.  He  is  the  author  of  Essentials  of  Ob 
stetrics;  and  Children's  Nursery. 

Johannsen,  Albert,  petrologist,  geologist,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  3,  1874,  in  Belle  Plaine,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Illinois ;  the  university  of  Utah ;  and  at  the  Johns  Hop 
kins  university.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of  B.S.  and  Ph.D. 
Since  1903  he  has  been  assistant  geologist;  and  since  1907  has 


220  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

been  acting  chief  of  the  section  of  petrology  of  the  United  States 
geological  survey.  In  1909  he  gave  a  special  course  of  lectures 
on  petrology  at  the  university  of  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science;  and  other 
scientific  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Key  for  the  Deter 
mination  of  Rock-Forming  Minerals  in  Thin  Sections. 

Johnson,  Charles  Philip,  lawyer,  legislator,  lieutenant  gov 
ernor,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1836,  in  Lebanon,  111.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  St.  Louis;  in  1866  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature;  in  1866  was  appointed  circuit  attorney  for  the 
city  and  county  of  St.  Louis ;  and  in  1872  was  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  ;  and  in  1892  accepted  the  professorship  of  criminal  law 
in  the  law  department  in  the  university  of  St.  Louis. 

Johnson,  Henry  W.,  member  internal  improvement  commission 
of  Illinois,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1858,  in  La  Salle  county,  111.  He  was 
educated  at  Jennings  seminary  of  Aurora,  111. ;  and  at  the  North 
western  university  at  Evanston,  111.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer, 
banker  and  president  of  the  Central  life  insurance  company  of 
Illinois.  In  1888-92  he  was  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  La  Salle 
county,  111. ;  and  for  two  terms  in  1894-1902  he  was  judge  of  the 
county  court  of  that  county.  He  has  been  president  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Ottawa,  111. ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton  club  of 
Chicago  ;  and  various  other  clubs  and  organizations.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  internal  improvement  commission  of  Illinois;  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1899-1913 ;  and  resides  in  Ottawa,  111. 

Johnson,  Sylvanus  Elihu,  educator,  journalist,  was  born  Jan. 
19,  1841,  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  select  schools  of  Steubenville,  Ohio;  and  attended  the  Rich 
mond  college  and  the  McNeely  normal  school  of  Harrison  county, 
Ohio.  For  several  years  he  taught  school  in  Jefferson  and  Cosh- 
octon  counties,  Ohio.  He  worked  in  various  places  as  a  printer ; 
was  city  editor  of  the  Ohio  Statesman ;  became  city  editor,  manag 
ing  editor  and  editorial  writer  on  the  Ohio  State  Journal;  and 
since  1879  has  been  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Cincinnati  En 
quirer,  as  state  correspondent,  managing  editor  and  editorial 
writer.  For  one  year  he  was  on  the  staff  of  the  New  York  World ; 
and  in  1895  was  editorially  connected  with  the  New  York  Jour 
nal.  In  1900  he  was  a  member  by  proxy  of  the  democratic  na 
tional  convention;  and  has  participated  in  Ohio  and  national 
democratic  politics.  He  is  now  chief  editorial  writer  on  the  Cin 
cinnati  Enquirer,  but  spends  the  greater  portion  of  each  year  in 
Washington,  D.C. ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Johnston,  Louis  R.,  mayor  of  Boulder,  Col.,  was  born  Feb.  4, 
1858,  in  Old  Mines,  Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  221 

has  had  a  varied  experience  in  mining  business;  and  for  many 
years  he  has  been  connected  with  the  mining  business.  He  is  also 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
Boulder,  Col. ;  is  mayor  of  his  city ;  has  shown  great  business  and 
executive  ability  in  the  administration  of  its  affairs ;  and  has  filled 
various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  filling  the 
office  of  mayor  of  the  city  of  Boulder,  Col. 

Jones,  Asahel  W.,  lawyer,  lieutenant  governor,  was  born  Sept. 
18,  1838,  in  Johnstonville,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  and  academic  schools,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859.  Since  1864  he  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Youngstown, 
and  of  late  years  has  confined  himself  almost  entirely  to  corpora 
tion  practice.  In  1874  he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Second 
national  bank  of  Youngstown,  of  which  he  is  a  director;  in  1877 
he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  dollar  savings  and  trust  com 
pany  of  Youngstown,  Ohio,  and  has  since  been  interested  in  its 
management.  He  has  also  been  interested  in  various  iron  indus 
tries,  and  is  a  successful  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  For  two  years 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican  convention ;  and  has 
often  been  a  delegate  to  state  and  other  conventions.  During 
Governor  Foraker's  two  terms  he  was  judge  advocate-general. 
In  1884  he  was  president  of  the  Ohio  state  bar  association.  In 
1896  was  elected  lieutenant  governor  of  Ohio. 

Jones,  Charles  Reading,  chairman  of  the  National  prohibition 
party,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1862,  on  a  farm  eighteen  miles  from  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  has  attained  note  as  a  successful  jour 
nalist  and  well  known  reformer.  In  1892-97  he  was  county  chair 
man  of  the  prohibition  party  of  Philadelphia ;  and  in  1897-1905  he 
was  state  chairman  of  the  prohibition  party  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  president  and  founder  of  the  Associated  Prohibition  Press; 
in  1880-87  was  publisher  of  the  Tabernacle  Magazine;  was  pub 
lisher  of  The  People  in  1905 ;  in  1885-90  was  publisher  of  the 
Horseman's  Guide;  and  in  1886-91  was  publisher  of  the  Harness 
Journal.  Since  1905  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  National  pro 
hibition  party,  with  headquarters  in  Chicago ;  and  resides  in 
Evanston,  111. 

Jones,  Frank  Johnston,  president  Yale  club  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  was  born  April  22,  1838,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Brooks  private  classical  school  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  in 
1859  graduated  from  the  academical  department  of  Yale  college ; 
in  1866  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  law  school;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  LL.B.  and  M.A.  He  is  by  profession  an 
attorney-at-law.  For  about  twenty  years  he  was  director  of  the 
university  of  Cincinnati ;  and  at  the  time  of  his  retirement  in  1896 


222  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors.  He  is  president  of  the 
Little  Miami  railroad  company ;  president  Cincinnati  equitable  in 
surance  company;  director  of  the  Cincinnati  street  railway  com 
pany  ;  director  of  the  First  national  bank  of  Cincinnati ;  director 
of  the  Dayton  and  Michigan  railroad  company;  director  of  the 
Cleveland  and  Pittsburg  railroad  company ;  and  a  director  in  the 
Spring  Grove  cemetery  association.  He  is  president  of  the  Yale 
club  of  Cincinnati ;  and  resides  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Jones,  Lewis  Henry,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  July  3,  1844,  in  Noblesville,  Ind.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Spiceland  academy;  graduated  from  the  Oswego  normal  school; 
and  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  De  Pauw  university.  In 
1884-94  he  was  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  of  Indianapo 
lis,  Ind. ;  in  1894-1902  he  was  superintendent  of  public  schools  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio ;  and  since  1902  has  been  president  of  the  Michi 
gan  state  normal  college.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Jones  Readers. 

Jones,  Nathaniel  M.,  manufacturer,  legislator,  state  senator, 
inventor,  was  born  May  1,  1858,  on  Turks  Island,  West  Indies. 
He  is  a  noted  manufacturer  of  sulphite  pulp  of  Lincoln,  Maine ; 
and  the  inventor  of  several  improvements  in  the  machinery  for 
its  manufacture.  He  served  as  state  commissioner  of  Maine  for 
erection  of  Rowland  bridge.  In  1895-98  he  was  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature;  and  in  1898-1902  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
state  senate.  In  1903  he  became  a  member  of  the  governor's  coun 
cil  for  term  ending  in  1907.  In  1907  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  state  survey.  He  is  also  the  founder  and  general  manager 
Katahdin  Pulp  and  Paper  company,  of  Lincoln,  Maine;  and  re 
sides  in  Lincoln,  Maine. 

Jones,  William  Caswell,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  poet,  was  born 
July  15,  1848,  in  Hutsonville,  111.  His  father  was  Caswell  Jones, 
a  merchant  and  beloved  citizen  who  died  when  the  son  was  in 
his  fifth  year.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
public  schools ;  spent  three  years  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university 
of  Delaware ;  and  graduated  from  the  law  school  at  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.  In  1868  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  a  member  of  the  twenty-seventh  general  assembly  of 
Illinois  in  1871  and  1872.  In  1877  he  was  elected  county  judge  of 
his  county;  was  elected  to  the  circuit  bench  in  1879;  and  re- 
elected  circuit  judge  in  1885,  his  term  expiring  in  1891.  He  is 
co-author  of  Jones  and  Cunningham's  Practice  in  County  Courts 
in  Illinois ;  of  Birch-Rod  Days  and  Other  Poems,  published  by  the 
American  Publishers'  Association;  and  Elements  and  Science  of 
English  Versification.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Robinson  bank ; 
and  resides  in  Robinson,  111. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  223 

Joseph,  Antonio,  merchant,  jurist,  state  senator,  congressman, 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1846,  in  Taos,  N.M.  He  was  county  judge  of 
Taos  county,  N.M.,  for  eight  years;  and  was  a  representative  in 
the  territorial  legislature  for  eight  years.  He  was  a  senator  in 
the  territorial  legislature  when  elected  a  delegate  from  New  Mex 
ico  to  the  forty-ninth  congress ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth, 
fifty-first,  fify-second  and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat; 
and  resides  in  Ojo  Caliente,  N.M. 

Joseph,  Harry  Sheridan,  state  representative  of  Utah,  was 
born  June  14,  1866,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  and  graduated  from  the  McMecken  university  of  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  a  successful  civil 
and  mining  engineer  and  mine  manager.  He  has  been  chief  en 
gineer  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  and  Hot  Springs  railway;  county 
surveyor  of  Salt  Lake  county,  Utah;  and  vice-president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Utah  industrial  school.  Since  1905  he  has 
been  a  representative  in  the  Utah  state  legislature  and  resides  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Judson,  Frederick  Newton,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  7, 
1845,  in  St.  Mary's,  Ga.  In  1866  he  graduated  from  Yale  college ; 
and  has  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  the  St.  Louis  law  school 
and  LL.D.  from  the  universities  of  Missouri  and  Yale.  Since  1871 
he  has  practiced  law  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1871-73  he  was  secre 
tary  to  Governor  Gratz  Brown;  and  in  1880-82  and  1887-89  was 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the 
author  of  Law  and  practice  of  Taxation  in  Missouri ;  The  Taxing 
Power ;  State  and  Federal  in  the  United  States ;  and  The  Law  of 
Interstate  Commerce  and  its  Federal  Regulation. 

Judson,  Harry  Pratt,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  20, 
1849,  in  Jamestown,  New  York.  He  was  a  professor  of  political 
science;  and  since  1907  has  been  president  of  the  university  of 
Chicago.  He  is  the  author  of  Europe  in  the  Nineteenth  Century ; 
The  Growth  of  the  American  Nation;  Caesar's  Army,  a  study  of 
the  Military  Art  of  the  Romans;  History  of  the  Troy  Citizen's 
Corps;  The  Higher  Education  as  a  Training  for  Business;  The 
Latin  in  English ;  The  Mississippi  Valley ;  The  Young  American ; 
and  other  works. 

Kahn,  Lazard,  manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1850,  in  Al 
sace.  In  1866  he  came  alone  to  the  United  States ;  in  1873  became 
owner  of  an  interest  in  the  stove  foundry  of  Martin  Henderson 
and  company  at  Hanging  Rock,  Ohio ;  and  later,  with  his  broth 
ers,  purchased  the  entire  business.  In  1884  he  built  a  large  foun 
dry  plant  at  Hamilton,  Ohio.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Estate 
stove  company;  vice-president  of  the  Lungwitz  reduction  com 
pany  ;  vice-president  of  the  Lemann  planting  company ;  and  vice- 


224  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

president  and  director  in  various  other  corporations.  In  1895-97 
he  was  president  of  the  National  association  of  stove  manufactur 
ers  ;  and  in  1889  and  1900  was  a  juror  at  the  Paris  expositions. 

Kaiser,  Mark,  musician,  composer,  was  born  Feb.  22,  1855,  in 
New  Orleans,  La.  He  was  educated  at  the  Paris  conservatory; 
and  as  a  solo  player  attained  prominence  in  that  city.  During 
1876-78  he  traveled  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  as  violin 
soloist,  with  artists  under  the  management  of  Max  Strakosch 
and  Henry  Mapleson.  He  has  attained  great  prominence  in  the 
musical  world ;  and  is  noted  also  for  his  success  as  a  teacher  and 
concert  violinist  of  New  Orleans,  La. 

Kaufman,  Abraham  Charles,  financier,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Sept.  10, 1839,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  In  1871  he  began  his  busi 
ness  life  as  a  financier;  and  for  over  thirty  wears  was  identified 
with  large  enterprises  in  Charleston,  S.C. 

Keeler,  Charles  Augustus,  litterateur,  author,  poet,  was  born 
Oct.  7,  1871,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  Milwaukee  and  New  York  City;  at  the 
high  school  of  Berkeley,  Cal. ;  and  took  a  special  course  in  the 
university  of  California.  In  1893  he  made  a  voyage  around  Cape 
Horn ;  in  1899  was  with  the  Harriman  expedition  to  Alaska ;  and 
in  1901  made  a  voyage  to  the  South  Seas.  He  is  director  of  the 
museum  of  the  California  academy  of  sciences ;  and  a  member  of 
the  philosophical  union.  He  is  the  author  of  Evolution  of  the 
Colors  of  North  American  Land  Birds;  The  Light  Through  the 
Storm,  a  volume  of  poems;  The  Simple  Home;  The  Triumph  of 
Light ;  San  Francisco  Through  Earthquake  and  Fire ;  and  numer 
ous  other  works. 

Keen,  Gregory  Bernard,  clergyman,  librarian,  author,  was 
born  March  3,  1844,  in  West  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1871  he  was 
appointed  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  theological  seminary 
of  St.  Charles  Borromeo  at  Overbrook,  Pa.  In  1873-76  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  Greek  literature.  In  1887-97  he  was  li 
brarian  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  Since  1903  he  has  been 
curator  of  the  Historical  society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Keifer,  Joseph  Warren,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  congress 
man,  author,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1836,  six  miles  west  of  Springfield, 
Ohio.  He  attended  the  common  district  schools  of  his  county,  and 
finished  his  education  at  Antioch  college.  He  served  in  the  union 
army ;  and  became  major-general  of  United  States  volunteers.  In 
1868-69  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate;  and  was 
delegate  at  large  from  Ohio  to  the  republican  national  convention. 
In  1877-85  and  1905-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth, 
sixtieth,  and  sixty-first  congresses.  Since  1873  he  has  been  presi- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  225 

dent  of  the  Sagonda  national  bank  of  Springfield,  Ohio.  In  1869- 
71  he  was  department  commander  of  Ohio  Grand  army  of  the  re 
public;  and  Ohio  commander-in-chief  in  1872.  During  the  Span 
ish-American  war  he  was  major-general  in  command  of  the  first 
division  seventh  corps  volunteer  army.  He  is  the  author  of  Sla 
very  and  Four  Years  War. 

Kelley,  Henry  Smith,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  Dec.  18, 
1832,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1853  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar ; 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in  1854  for  the  district  com 
posed  of  the  counties  of  Blackf ord,  Delaware  and  Grant,  Indiana. 
After  serving  two  years  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  in  the  same  district;  and  served  four  years.  In 
1862  he  moved  to  Vermillion,  Dakota  territory ;  was  elected  audi 
tor  of  the  territory;  but  returned  to  Marion,  Ind.  He  there  ed 
ited  the  Grant  County  Union,  practiced  law,  participated  in  poli 
tics  as  a  republican ;  and  has  since  filled  similar  positions  in  vari 
ous  cities.  In  1866  he  located  at  Savannah,  Mo.,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1872  he  was  elected  circuit  judge ;  receiv 
ing  the  re-election  in  1874  and  in  1880.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
congress  in  1884.  He  was  special  lecturer  on  Criminal  Law  and 
Practice,  and  on  Pleading  and  Practice  in  civil  cases  in  the  Mis 
souri  university  from  1873  to  1889 ;  and  has  lectured  extensively 
on  medical  jurisprudence  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur 
geons  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo. ;  and  before  other  medical  bodies.  He 
is  the  author  of  Kelley 's  Treatise  for  Justices,  Constables  and  At 
torneys,  a  book  of  eleven  hundred  pages,  which  has  passed 
through  several  editions;  Kelley 's  Probate  Guide;  Kelley 's  Crim 
inal  Law  and  Practice ;  standard  law  works.  He  is  now  practic 
ing  law  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Kelley,  Lilla  Elizabeth,  elocutionist,  author,  was  born  May  18, 
1872,  in  Boston,  Mass.  She  has  been  a  teacher  of  elocution  in 
Tilton  seminary  of  New  Hampshire ;  and  a  teacher  of  elocution  in 
the  Wesleyan  academy  at  Wilbraham,  Mass.  She  is  a  public 
reader ;  and  a  contributor  of  stories  and  poems  to  magazines.  She 
is  a  charter  member  and  president  of  the  Boston  Ruskin  club.  She 
is  the  author  of  Three  Hundred  Things  That  A  Bright  Girl  Can 
Do. 

Kelley,  Samuel  Harlan,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  March  27, 
1861,  in  Marion,  Ind.  He  attended  the  university  of  Missouri; 
and  in  1884  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  the  Columbian, 
now  the  George  Washington  university  of  Washington,  D.C.  In 
1882-85  he  was  adjudicator  of  claims  in  the  United  States  treas 
ury;  and  in  1885-86  was  chief  clerk  in  the  United  States  land 
office  at  Wakeeney,  Kan.  In  1887  he  was  editor  of  the  Scott  City 
News  of  Kansas.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer;  has  been  attorney 


226  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  general  solicitor  of  several  railroad  companies ;  and  in  1905- 
08  was  a  representative  in  the  Michigan  state  legislature  from 
Benton  Harbor.  He  is  secretary  of  the  Michigan  railroad  com 
mission;  and  president  of  the  Republican  state  league  of  Mich 
igan. 

Kellogg,  Charles  Day,  founder  and  secretary  of  the  Women's 
hotel  company,  was  born  June  4,  1828,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.  In  1850  he 
began  commercial  business  in  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed  quartermaster-general  storekeeper,  and  had  charge  of 
equipping  the  first  twenty-seven  regiments  sent  by  Massachusetts 
to  the  front.  In  1865-78  he  was  in  business  in  New  York  City; 
in  1878-82  was  general  secretary  of  the  Philadelphia  society  for 
organizing  charity;  and  in  1882-96  was  general  secretary  of  the 
Charity  organization  society  of  New  York  City.  In  1900  he  orig 
inated  the  Women's  Hotel  company;  and  the  first  hotel,  the  Hotel 
Martha  Washington,  was  opened  in  1903  in  New  York  City. 

Kelly,  John  F.,  electrical  engineer,  inventor,  was  born  March 
28,  1859,  in  Ireland.  He  is  president  of  the  Telelectric  and  Cokel 
companies  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  He  has  received  over  eighty  United 
States  patents  for  the  utilization  of  electricity,  covering  appar 
atus  for  generating,  transmitting,  distributing  and  measuring 
electricity. 

Kelly,  William,  business  president,  scientist,  was  born  April  17, 
1854,  in  New' York  City.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  Yale  college 
with  the  degree  of  B.A. ;  and  in  1877  graduated  from  Columbia 
college  with  the  degree  of  E.M.  In  1878  he  was  chemist  of  the 
Himrod  furnace  company  of  Youngstown,  Ohio.  In  1881-85  and 
in  1886-89  was  superintendent  of  the  Kemble  coal  and  iron  com 
pany  of  Riddlesburg,  Pa. ;  and  in  1885  became  superintendent  of 
the  Glamorgan  iron  company  of  Lewistown,  Pa.  He  is  general 
manager  of  the  Penn  iron  mining  company;  manager  of  the  Re 
public  iron  company ;  treasurer  of  the  Penn  store  company ;  and  a 
director  of  the  Commercial  bank  of  Iron  Mountain,  Mich. 

Kelso,  James  V.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  April  16,  1835,  in 
Madison,  Ind.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
common  and  high  schools  of  his  native  county ;  attended  the  New 
Albany  university,  and  the  Asbury  university.  He  served  three 
years  as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil  war,  and  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Stone  River,  Chickamauga  and  Missionary  Ridge. 
For  eight  years  he  was  city  attorney  of  New  Albany,  Ind. ;  for  ten 
years  was  county  attorney  of  Floyd  county ;  and  for  three  years 
was  trustee  of  the  New  Albany  city  schools. 

Kenan,  Thomas  S.,  clerk  state  supreme  court  of  North  Caro 
lina.  He  is  clerk  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  North  Carolina; 
and  resides  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  227 

Kendall,  Frederick  Augustus,  soldier,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1838, 
in  Concord,  N.H.  He  attended  Dartmouth  and  Bowdoin  colleges. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  in  company  B,  eleventh  regiment  Indiana  vol 
unteer  infantry,  and  during  several  transfers  was  rapidly  ad 
vanced  until  he  became  captain.  In  1866  he  entered  the  regular 
service ;  was  on  frontier  service  in  Texas  until  1874 ;  when  he  was 
in  recruiting  service  at  Cleveland.  He  was  professor  of  military 
science  and  tactics  at  the  Brooks'  Military  academy  until  1879, 
when  he  returned  to  Texas  for  duty,  until  retired  from  active  ser 
vice  in  1884.  In  1889-96  he  was  president  of  the  Cleveland  Life 
Underwriters'  association.  In  1896  he  was  elected  junior  vice- 
commander  of  the  Ohio  commandery  of  the  Military  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion ;  and  his  wife  is  also  regent  of  the  Cleveland  chap 
ter  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution.  In  1897-1901 
was  president  and  member  of  Board  of  Education  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Kendall,  Joseph  M.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  12, 
1863,  in  West  Liberty,  Ky.  He  attended  the  State  college  of 
Kentucky ;  and  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  before  he  was  of  age.  In  1885-89  he  was  clerk 
in  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses.  In  1891-93  he  was  a 
representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  fifty-second  congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  his  father,  John  W.  Kendall. 
He  received  the  certificate  of  election  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress 
but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer 
of  Prestonburg,  Ky.,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  public 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state.  His  father  was  a  noted  con 
federate  cavalry  officer,  jurist  and  congressman. 

Kennedy,  John  Lauderdale,  lawyer,  banker,  congressman,  was 
born  Oct.  27,  1854,  in  Scotland.  For  several  years  farmed  in 
La  Salle  county,  111.  He  attended  Knox  college  at  Galesburg,  111., 
where  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M.;  and  in  1882  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  state  university  of  Iowa ;  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.B.  In  1888-1907  he  practiced  law  in 
Omaha,  Neb. ;  and  in  1900  was  one  of  the  republican  presidential 
electors.  In  1905-07  he  was  a  representative  from  Nebraska  to 
the  fifty-seventh  congress  as  a  republican. 

Kennedy,  John  Pendleton,  state  librarian  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  1871  in  Charles  Town,  W.Va.  He  was  educated  in  the 
private  and  collegiate  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  is  a  libra 
rian  by  profession.  In  1898-1904  he  was  assistant  librarian  in  the 
library  of  congress  at  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  editor  of  Journals 
of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia ;  and  other  works.  In  1905- 
06  he  was  president  of  the  national  association  of  state  libraries. 


228  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Since  1903  he  has  been  state  librarian  of  Virginia  for  an  indefinite 
term  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Va. 

Kennon,  Lyman  W.  V.,  major  United  States  army,  was  born 
Sept.  2,  1858  in  Providence,  R.I.  He  was  educated  at  the  United 
States  military  academy  of  West  Point,  N.Y.  He  was  adjutant- 
general  during  the  American  occupation  of  Cuba ;  and  colonel  in 
the  thirty-fourth  infantry  United  States  volunteers,  and  com 
mander  of  the  third  brigade  of  the  first  division  in  the  eighth 
army  corps,  during  the  Philippine  insurrection.  Since  1902  he 
has  held  the  rank  of  major  in  the  United  States  army ;  and  is  now 
stationed  at  Rio  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

Kenny,  William  John,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Oct.  9, 
1853,  in  Delhi,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Scranton,  Pa. ;  became  a  printer  and  manager  of  the  Scranton 
Daily  Times ;  and  then  entered  St.  Bonaventure  's  college  of  Alle- 
gany,  N.Y.  In  1879-1880  he  filled  a  pastorate  in  Jackson,  Fla. ; 
and  in  1880-84  was  in  charge  at  the  Palatka  and  southern  missions 
of  Florida.  In  1884-1902  was  pastor  of  the  church  of  the  immacu 
late  conception  of  Jacksonville,  Fla. ;  and  since  1902  has  been 
bishop  of  the  diocese  of  St.  Augustine.  In  1888  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  relief  committee  during  the  yellow  fever  epidemic. 

Kent,  Charles  W.,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1860, 
in  Virginia.  Since  1893  he  has  been  professor  lettres  at  Linden 
Kent  Memorial  School  of  English  literature  in  the  University  of 
Virginia.  He  is  the  author  of  Teutonic  Antiquities  in  Andreas 
and  Elene ;  Shakespears  Note  Book ;  and  Editor  of  Library  of 
Southern  Literature,  etc. 

Kern,  Frederick  J.,  mayor  of  Belleville,  111.,  was  born  Sept.  2, 
1864,  in  Millstadt,  111.  For  many  years  he  was  editor  of  the  Belle 
ville  Daily  and  semi-weekly  News-Democrat ;  and  has  been  editor 
of  the  East  St.  Louis  Gazette.  He  has  been  chief  enrolling  and 
engrossing  clerk  in  the  Illinois  state  senate ;  and  in  1904  was  a 
delegate  to  the  democratic  national  convention.  In  1901-03  he 
was  a  member  of  congress  from  Illinois  as  a  democrat.  Since 
1903  he  has  been  mayor  of  the  city  of  Belleville  and  is  now  serv 
ing  his  second  term  of  1903-07 ;  and  resides  in  Belleville,  111. 

Kerr,  Mark  Brickell,  mining  engineer  of  California,  was  born 
June  28,  1860,  in  St.  Michaels,  Md.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and  received  a  special  education 
as  civil  engineer  under  private  tutors.  In  1886  he  made  the  ascent 
of  Mount  Shasta ;  and  was  geographer  of  the  expedition  sent  out 
in  1890  by  the  United  States  geological  survey  and  the  National 
geographical  society.  He  is  a  successful  consulting  mining  engi 
neer  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  and  a  member  of  the  Philosophical, 
Anthropological  and  National  geographical  societies  of  Wash- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  229 

ington.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Journey  in  Ecuador  and  various 
other  geographical  articles  in  current  publications. 

Kerr,  William  Jasper,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  17,  1863,  in  Richmond,  Utah.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  university  of  Utah,  and  at  the  Cornell  university;  subse 
quently  receiving  the  degrees  of  B.S.,  B.D.  and  D.Sc.  During 
1887-90  he  was  instructor  in  science  in  the  Brigham  Young  col 
lege;  in  1892-94  filled  the  chair  of  mathematics  in  the  university 
of  Utah;  in  1894-1900  was  president  of  the  Brigham  Young  col 
lege  of  Logan,  Utah;  and  since  1900  has  been  president  of  the 
Agricultural  college  of  Utah.  In  1887  and  in  1895  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  Utah  state  constitutional  convention.  In  1896-97  he  was 
president  of  the  Utah  State  Teachers'  association,  is  president  of 
the  Utah  mathematical  society;  for  many  years  has  been  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  educational  development  of  Utah;  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  periodical  literature  on  educa 
tional  and  kindred  topics. 

Ketchum,  Alexander  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  May  11, 
1839,  in  New  Haven,  Conn.  In  his  infancy  his  parents  settled  in 
New  York  city,  which  has  ever  since  been  his  home.  His  father 
was  a  prominent  lawyer,  and  for  a  number  of  years  city  registrar 
in  bankruptcy  of  the  United  States.  In  1860  he  graduated  from 
the  Albany  Law  school,  and  at  once  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  lieutenant  in  com 
pany  H,  fifty-sixth  regiment  New  York  volunteer  infantry;  and 
was  subsequently  commissioned  captain  in  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-eighth  regiment ;  resigning  from  the  army  in  1867  with  the 
rank  of  brevet  colonel.  He  has  served  as  assessor  of  internal  rev 
enue;  collector  of  internal  revenue;  and  general  and  chief  ap 
praiser  for  the  port  of  New  York. 

Kibbey,  Joseph  H.,  lawyer,  governor,  was  born  March  4,  1853, 
in  Centreville,  Ind.  He  received  a  thorough  education ;  and  soon 
attained  success  at  the  bar.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  terri 
torial  legislative  council;  attorney-general  of  Arizona;  and  asso 
ciate-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Arizona.  In  1905-07  he  was 
governor  of  the  territory  of  Arizona ;  and  resides  in  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Kilbourne,  James,  soldier,  lawyer,  manufacturer,  was  born  Oct. 
9,  1841,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  served  with  distinction  during 
the  civil  war  and  attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  founded  the 
Kilbourne  and  Jacobs  manufacturing  company  of  Columbus,  Ohio, 
of  which  he  is  president  and  general  manager.  He  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  board  of  trade  of  Columbus;  and  for  five  years  was 
president  Columbus  children's  hospital,  of  which  he  was  one  of 
the  founders.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  democratic  conventions 
in  1892,  and  in  1896 ;  in  1900  was  chairman  of  the  Ohio  delegation ; 


230  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  in  1901  was  the  democratic  and  in  1898  nominee  for  governor 
of  Ohio.  In  1900  he  was  delegate  at  large  to  the  democratic  na 
tional  convention  at  Kansas  City,  Mo. ;  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Ohio  delegtion;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Kindleberger,  David,  naval  officer,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1834,  in 
Smithville,  Ohio.  In  1857  he  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  from 
Wittenberg  college  of  Springfield,  Ohio ;  in  1859  he  entered  the 
United  States  naval  service;  and  as  assistant  surgeon  was  ad 
vanced  through  various  grades  to  medical  director  to  the  rank  of 
captain.  In  1906  he  was  retired  on  account  of  the  age  limit;  and 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  rear-admiral  retired.  In  1859-61  he 
served  on  the  African  coast  on  the  United  States  ship,  San  Ja- 
cinto;  and  participated  in  all  the  battles  of  Admiral  Farragutt's 
squadron  in  the  civil  war  except  Vicksburg.  In  1887-80  he  was 
French  surgeon  in  the  Asiatic  squadron ;  in  1882  was  on  the  south 
Pacific  squadron  and  in  1892-96  commanded  the  United  States 
navy  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

King,  John  E.,  journalist,  librarian,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1870, 
in  Laketon,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  state.  In  1894-99  he  was  postmaster  of  Adrian,  Minn. ; 
and  in  1900-01  was  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  state  board  of 
equalization.  In  1904  he  was  a  democratic  candidate  for  secre 
tary  of  state  of  Minnesota.  For  many  years  he  was  editor  of  the 
Red  Lake  Courier  of  Red  Lake  Falls,  Minn.  He  is  now  state 
librarian  of  Minnesota. 

King,  William  A.,  state  representative  of  Colorado,  was  born 
in  1856  in  Mercer  county,  Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Kansas;  and  until  1883  was  engaged  in  educational 
work.  Since  1888  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  wholesale  fruit  and 
produce  business  in  Trinidad,  Col. ;  is  grand  councillor  of  the 
grand  lodge  of  Colorado  United  Commercial  Travelers;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Colorado  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Trini 
dad,  Col. 

King,  William  Henry,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  June,  1863,  in  Fillmore  City,  Utah.  In  1882  he 
was  elected  to  various  offices  in  Fillmore  City  and  Millard  county. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Utah  legislature  in  1885,  and  re- 
elected  two  years  later.  In  1891  he  was  elected  to  the  territorial 
legislature,  and  was  selected  as  president  of  the  council  or  upper 
house.  He  was  also  elected  county  attorney  of  Utah  county,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  for  four  years ;  was  city  attorney  of  Provo 
City  for  a  number  of  years ;  and  in  1894  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Utah.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
fifth  congress  as  a  democrat. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  23l 

Kingman,  Lewis,  civil  engineer,  railroad  builder,  was  born 
Feb.  26,  1845,  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.  In  1862  he  commenced  en 
gineering  work  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1864  became  engaged  in  rail 
way  and  coal  mining  and  other  engineering  enterprises  in  Penn 
sylvania.  In  1868-71  he  was  division  engineer  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  railway  of  Missouri ;  and  in  1871-72  engaged  in  locat 
ing  a  line  from  Kit  Carson,  Col.,  to  Cimarron,  N.M.  In  1873-76 
he  was  a  contractor  under  the  United  States  surveyor-general  of 
New  Mexico ;  and  in  1877-80  was  locating  engineer  of  the  Atchi- 
son,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  railroad.  In  1881  he  was  locating  en 
gineer  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  railway;  and  in  1882-83  was 
chief  engineer  of  that  railroad.  In  1883-84  he  was  chief  engineer 
of  the  Mexican  Central  railway,  northern  division ;  and  in  1884-88 
was  assistant  chief  engineer  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa 
Fe  railway.  In  1889-94  he  was  city  engineer  of  Topeka,  Kan.  In 
1905-09  he  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Mexican  Central  railway; 
and  since  1909  has  been  assistant  chief  engineer  of  the  merged 
lines  of  the  Mexican  national  railways. 

Kirbye,  J.  Edward,  educator,  clergyman,  college  president, 
was  born  Dec.  23,  1873,  in  Eureka,  Mich.  In  1900-05  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Atlanta  theological  seminary;  and  in  1905-07  was 
president  of  the  Drury  college  at  Springfield,  Mo.  Since  1908  he 
has  filled  a  pastorate  at  Medina,  Ohio. 

Kittredge,  Alfred  Beard,  United  States  senator  from  South 
Dakota,  was  born  March  28,  1861,  in  Cheshire  county,  N.H.  He 
graduated  from  Yale  college  in  1882 ;  and  from  the  law  school  of 
that  institution  in  1885.  In  1901-03  he  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1903-09;  and  resides  in 
Sioux  Falls,  S.D. 

Knapp,  Charles  Junius,  banker,  state  legislator,  congressman, 
was  born  June  30,  1845,  in  Pepacton,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at 
Hamilton  college.  For  many  years  he  was  president  of  the  De 
posit  national  bank  of  Deposit,  N.Y.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  board  of  education ;  was  elected  supervisor  in  1885  and  1887  ; 
and  served  as  member  of  the  New  York  state  legislature  in  1886 
and  1888.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  congress  as  a  republi 
can.  In  1890  he  organized  the  Binghamton  trust  company,  be 
came  its  first  president,  and  still  holds  that  position.  He  has  al 
ways  been  prominently  identified  with  business  and  public  af 
fairs;  and  resides  in  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Knopf,  S.  Adolphus,  physician,  was  born  Nov.  27,  1857,  in 
Germany.  He  received  a  thorough,  general  and  medical  educa 
tion  in  this  country  and  abroad;  and  has  attained  success  as  a 
noted  consulting  physician  of  New  York  city.  He  is  Professor 


j*  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  Phthisiotherapy  at  the  New  York  Postgraduate  Medical  school, 
senior  physician  of  the  Riverside  Hospital-Sanatorium  for  con 
sumptives  of  New  York  City;  a  director  in  the  national  associa 
tion  for  the  study  and  prevention  of  tuberculosis ;  and  associate- 
director  of  the  health  department's  clinics  for  pulmonary  dis 
eases. 

Kolle,  Frederick  Strange,  physician,  therapeutist,  author,  was 
born  Nov.  22,  1871,  in  Hanover,  Germany.  Since  1894  he  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1896-1900  was 
chief  instructor  in  the  department  of  electro-therapeutics  in  the 
Electro  engineering  institute  of  New  York.  He  is  the  inventor  of 
the  Kolle  focus  tube  and  various  X-ray  appliances.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  the  recent  Roentgen  Discovery ;  The  X-ray,  their  Produc 
tion  and  Application ;  Medico-Surgical  Radiography ;  Pen  Lyrics ; 
and  various  novels  and  scientific  Monographs. 

Koontz,  William  H.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July  15, 
1830,  in  Somerset,  Pa.  In  1853  he  was  elected  district  attorney 
of  Somerset  county,  Pa. ;  and  in  1860  was  elected  prothonotary 
and  clerk  of  the  courts  of  that  county.  In  1860  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  convention  at  Chicago,  111.,  which  nominated  Abra 
ham  Lincoln,  and  he  was  one  of  the  first  two  delegates  from 
Pennsylvania  who  cast  their  vote  for  him.  In  1865-69  he  was  a 
representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  when  the  bill  was  before  the  house  to  pay  seven  mil 
lion  dollars  for  Alaska,  and  he  voted  for  its  purchase.  In  1900-04 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  house  of  representatives. 

Kopelke,  Johannes,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  14,  1854, 
in  Germany.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  his  native  coun 
try;  and  received  his  legal  education  at  the  university  of  Michi 
gan.  In  1876  he  began  the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1884  was  a 
presidential  elector.  In  1890-94  he  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
state  senate;  and  in  1898  he  was  nominated  as  candidate  of  the 
democratic  party  for  judge  of  the  appellate  court,  but  was  de 
feated  with  the  rest  of  the  ticket.  He  has  practiced  law  contin 
uously  in  Crown  Point,  Ind.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Summer  Trip 
to  Europe. 

Krider,  Henry,  county  commissioner  for  Harper  county,  Kan 
sas,  was  born  April  14,  1843,  in  Lancaster  City,  Pa.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a 
successful  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Anthony,  Kan. ;  and  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  com 
munity.  He  has  been  county  treasurer;  and  held  various  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  county  commissioner  for 
Harper  county ;  and  resides  in  Anthony,  Kan. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  233 

Kroeger,  Ernest  Richard,  musician,  composer,  was  born  Aug. 
10,  1862,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  has  been  conductor  of  chorus  choir 
in  several  of  the  large  churches  of  St.  Louis.  He  is  the  author  of 
many  compositions,  among  which  are  A  Symphony  for  Orchestra ; 
Five  Symphonic  Overtures;  and  a  Pianoforte  Concerto. 

Krumreig,  Edward  Ludwig,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  28,  1861,  in  Germany.  In  1884  he  graduated  from  the  Nau 
tical  college  of  New  Orleans,  La. ;  in  1896  graduated  from  the 
Gordon  school  of  the  Newton  theological  institution  of  Boston, 
Mass.;  in  1901  graduated  from  the  Christian  university  of  Can 
ton,  Mo.,  with  the  degree  of  M.A.Lit. ;  in  1902  studied  theology  at 
Harvard  college ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  Ph.D. 
and  D.D.  from  the  Potomac  university  of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and 
D.D.  from  the  Capital  university.  In  1895  he  was  licensed  to 
preach;  and  in  1898  was  ordained  to  the  baptist  ministry.  In 
1897-1900  he  filled  a  pastorate  at  Whiteface,  N.H. ;  in  1900-03  at 
Acton  and  Shapleigh,  Maine ;  in  1903-07  at  East  Machias,  Maine  ; 
and  since  1907  at  Somerset,  Mass.  Since  1904  he  has  been  dean 
of  theology  in  the  extension  department  of  Potomac  university. 
He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Shapleigh, 
Maine ;  and  The  Shadowing  Wing. 

Kulp,  John  Stewart,  army  officer,  founder,  author,  was  born 
March  8,  1866,  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Yale 
university,  the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  and  at  the  university 
of  Berlin ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.D.  and  Ph.D.  Dur 
ing  the  Spanish-American  war  he  organized  and  commanded  a 
company  of  instruction  at  Manila,  P.I. ;  organized  hospital  three 
at  Manila,  P.I. ;  and  also  commanded  the  ambulance  ocmpany  of 
the  first  division,  third  army  corps.  He  also  organized  and  com 
manded  company  B,  hospital  corps,  United  States  army,  under 
the  rank  of  captain.  He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  patriotic  so 
cieties;  a  member  of  the  association  of  military  surgeons;  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  number  of  Monographs  on  medico-military  subjects. 

Kyle,  John  Johnson,  educator,  soldier,  physician,  author,  was 
born  May  27,  1869,  in  Aurora,  Ind.  In  1890  he  graduated  from 
the  Miami  medical  college  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  with  the  degree  of 
M.D.  In  1892  he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Marion,  Ind. 
In  1898  he  became  major  and  surgeon  in  the  one  hundred  and 
sixtieth  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  infantry  in  the  Spanish- Amer 
ican  war.  In  1898-99  he  served  in  the  United  States  and  in  Cuba ; 
was  in  the  first  brigade  of  the  second  division  of  the  first  army 
corps,  and  for  four  months  was  acting  brigade  surgeon.  In  1899 
he  located  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  mak 
ing  a  specialty  of  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat.  Since 


234  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1900  has  been  professor  of  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and 
throat  at  the  Indiana  university  school  of  medicine.  He  is  staff 
surgeon  to  the  City  hospital  and  to  St.  Vincent's  hospital.  He 
was  appointd  a  member  of  the  medical  reserve  corps  of  the  United 
States  army  with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He  is  the  author  of 
Compend  of  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat;  and  Manual 
of  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat. 

Ladd,  Edwin  Fremont,  educator,  chemist,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  13,  1859,  in  Starks,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools ;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of  Maine.  In  1884-87 
he  was  assistant  chemist ;  and  in  1887-90  was  chief  chemist  to  the 
New  York  experiment  station.  Since  1890  he  has  been  professor 
of  chemistry  at  the  North  Dakota  agricultural  college;  chief 
chemist  of  the  agricultural  experiment  station  of  North  Dakota; 
and  state  chemist.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  North  Dakota  Farmer : 
and  food  commissioner  for  North  Dakota.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the 
American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science ;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  other  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  Manual  of  Analysis; 
and  bulletins  and  reports  of  the  New  York  and  North  Dakota  ex 
periment  stations. 

Ladd,  Horatio  Oliver,  educator,  clergyman,  founder,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1839,  in  Hallowell,  Maine.  In  1862 
he  graduated  from  Bowdoin  college  with  the  degree  of  A.M.;  in 
1863  graduated  from  the  Yale  theological  school;  and  received 
the  degree  of  S.T.D.  from  Hobart  college.  In  1859-61  he  was 
principal  of  Farmingham  college  of  Maine.  In  1868-70  was  pro 
fessor  of  rhetoric  and  oratory  at  Olivet  college;  and  in  1873-76 
was  principal  of  the  New  Hampshire  state  normal  school.  He 
founded  and  in  1881-89  was  president  of  the  university  of  New 
Mexico.  He  also  founded  the  Ramona  Indian  school  and  the 
United  States  Indian  school  of  Santa  Fe,  N.M.  In  1889-90  he  was 
supervisor  of  census  of  New  Mexico.  He  has  filled  pastorates  in 
congregational  churches  of  Olivet  and  Romeo,  Mich.;  and  Hop- 
kinton,  Mass.  He  entered  the  episcopal  ministry;  and  in  1891 
was  ordained  deacon  and  priest.  In  1891-96  was  rector  of  trinity 
church  at  Fishkill,  N.Y. ;  and  since  1896  has  been  rector  of  grace 
church  at  Jamaica,  N.Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Memorial  of  John 
S.C.  Abbott;  The  War  with  Mexico;  Ramona  Days;  The  Story 
of  New  Mexico ;  The  Founding  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Duchess 
County,  N.Y. ;  and  Chunda,  a  Story  of  the  Navajos. 

Langdale,  Thomas  Guy,  clergyman,  theologian,  was  born  Oct. 
28,  1866,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1888  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.B.  from  the  university  of  Cincinnati ;  and  in  1891  the  degree  of 
B.D.  from  the  Chicago  Theological  seminary.  He  has  filled  pas 
torates  in  South  Dakota;  and  since  1896  has  filled  a  pastorate  in 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  235 

DeSmet.    In  1893-94  he  was  secretary  of  the  South  Dakota  Chris 
tian  Endeavor  union ;  and  since  1895  has  been  its  president. 

Langley,  John  Wesley,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
14,  1863,  in  Floyd  county,  Ky.  He  taught  in  the  common  schools 
for  three  years ;  for  eight  years  attended  the  law  departments  of 
the  National,  Georgetown  and  Columbian  universities;  and  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  LL.M.  and  D.C.S.  He  was  a  clerk  in 
the  United  States  pension  office;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
pension  appeals;  and  was  appointment  and  disbursing  clerk  of 
the  census  office.  He  served  two  terms  in  the  Kentucky  legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  the  minority  nominee  for  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
was  twice  a  delegate  from  Kentucky  to  the  republican  national 
convention.  In  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

Larimore,  Newel  Greene,  farmer,  banker,  statesman,  was  born 
Aug.  29,  1835,  in  Bourbon  county,  Ky.  In  1849-53  he  attended 
Wyman's  academy  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  in  1853-54  attended  the 
German  college  of  Herman,  Mo. ;  and  in  1854-55  attended  the 
Jones  commercial  college  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1878-82  he  was  a 
member  of  the  upper  house  of  St.  Louis  city  council.  In  1889  he 
was  president  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  state  university  of 
North  Dakota ;  in  1890-96  was  regent  of  the  Wahpeton  methodist 
university ;  and  since  1895  has  been  a  trustee  of  Wesley  college.  In 
1893  he  refused  the  nomination  for  governor  of  North  Dakota.  In 
1865-83  he  was  president  of  the  St.  Louis  warehouse  company; 
in  1869-74  was  president  of  the  Iron  mountain  bank ;  and  in  1873- 
86  was  president  of  the  Central  Lafayette  company.  Since  1881 
he  has  been  vice-president  and  since  1888  also  general  manager 
of  the  Elk  Valley  farming  company,  operating  fifteen  thousand 
acres.  In  1905  he  was  vice-president  of  the  Trans-Mississippi 
commercial  congress ;  since  1903  he  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
national  irrigation  congress;  and  since  1900  has  been  president 
of  the  North  Dakota  Chautauqua  association. 

Larned,  Charles  William,  soldier,  educator,  philologist,  was 
born  March  9,  1850,  in  New  York  city.  In  1870  he  graduated  from 
the  United  States  Military  academy  of  West  Point.  He  has  been 
first  and  second  lieutenant  of  the  seventh  New  York  cavalry,  and 
served  on  frontier  in  Kansas;  then  on  reconstruction  service  in 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  In  1873  he  was  in  the  Dakota  expedi 
tion  against  Sitting  Bull,  under  Stanley  and  Custer,  and  was  in 
the  fight  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Horn.  Since  1876  he  has  been 
professor  of  topographical  and  mechanical  drawing  in  the  United 
States  Military  academy.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Great  Dis 
course. 


236  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Larson,  Lars  M.,  educator,  philanthropist,  was  born  Aug.  20, 
1856,  near  Springfield,  Wis.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Wisconsin  schools  for  the  deaf  of  Delavan,  Wis. ;  and  at  the  Na 
tional  college  for  the  deaf  of  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  the  organ 
izer  and  founder  of  the  New  Mexico  school  for  the  deaf  and  blind 
of  Santa  Fe.  In  1887  this  institution  was  incorporated  by  act  of 
legislature,  and  placed  on  an  equal  footing  with  similar  schools 
in  the  United  States.  It  was  then  placed  under  the  management 
of  a  committee  of  three  officers  of  the  territory,  and  Mr.  Larson 
was  made  superintendent  and  instructor.  This  school  is  the  first 
public  institution  of  learning  to  become  the  property  of  New 
Mexico;  and  is  now  on  a  sound  financial  basis;  and  resides  in 
Santa  Fe,  N.M. 

Latchaw,  John  Roland  Harris,  clergyman,  educator,  lecturer, 
college  president,  author,  was  born  Sept.  7,  1851,  in  Venango 
county,  Pa.  He  received  his  preparatory  education  at  the  Wilton 
collegiate  institute;  and  attended  Hillsdale  college  and  the  Chi 
cago  university.  In  1881-84  he  was  principal  of  Barkeyville  acad 
emy  ;  and  in  1884-93  was  president  of  Findlay  college  of  Ohio.  In 
1893-95  he  was  pastor  of  the  first  baptist  church  of  Zanesville, 
Ohio ;  and  in  1895-96  was  pastor  of  the  Bethel  baptist  church  of 
Chicago,  while  attending  the  Chicago  university.  In  1896-1903 
he  was  president  of  the  Defiance  college  of  Ohio ;  and  was  also 
pastor  of  the  Christian  assembly.  In  1903-04  he  was  president  of 
the  Palmer  university  of  Muncie,  Ind. ;  and  is  the  founder  of  Wil 
ton  college  of  Iowa,  of  which  he  is  president.  He  is  the  author  of 
Outline  Lectures  in  Theology ;  Theory  and  Art  of  Teaching ;  and 
Outlines  of  Psychology :  its  Method  and  Matter. 

Latrobe,  Ferdinand  Claiborne,  member  board  of  park  commis 
sioners  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  was  born  Oct.  14,  1833,  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  public  schools,  and  at 
St.  James  college  of  Washington  county,  Md.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1860 ;  was  elected  to  the  Maryland  state  legislature  in 
1867,  and  was  speaker  during  1870-72;  was  again  elected  to  the 
legislature  in  1890,  and  was  speaker  in  the  extra  session  of  1891. 
In  1860  he  was  appointed  judge  advocate-general,  and  assisted  in 
reorganizing  the  Maryland  militia,  under  the  act  of  1868,  of  which 
he  was  the  author.  In  1875  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Baltimore, 
and  filled  that  important  office  for  seven  terms — fourteen  years 
in  all.  He  is  president  of  the  board  of  state  aid  and  charities  of 
Maryland.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  park  comimssioners 
for  the  city  of  Baltimore,  and  resides  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

Lattimore,  John  Compere,  educator,  was  born  March  25,  1862, 
in  Marion,  Ala.  In  1886  he  graduated  from  the  National  normal 
college;  was  a  student  at  the  Chicago  university;  and  in  1895 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  237 

graduated  from  Baylor  university  with  the  degree  of  M.S.  In 
1887-90  he  was  superintendent  of  the  schools  of  Falls  county, 
Texas  and  in  1890-92  was  principal  of  the  preparatory  school.  In 
1892-97  he  was  professor  of  mathematics,  philosophy  and  ped 
agogy  ;  and  in  1897-99  was  chairman  of  the  faculty  of  Baylor  uni 
versity.  Since  1899  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  city  schools 
of  Waco,  Texas.  In  1899  he  was  president  of  the  Texas  state 
teachers'  association;  and  in  1900-05  was  a  member  of  the  Texas 
state  board  of  examiners. 

Laughlin,  Lemuel  L.,  member  prohibition  national  committee 
for  Wyoming,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1859,  in  Rock  Lick,  Va.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools ;  and  in  1884  graduated  from 
the  Lincoln  university  of  Illinois.  He  organized  and  is  the  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  Toltec  Live  Stock  company,  of  Toltec,  Wyo., 
which  is  capitalized  at  two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  He  served 
one  term  on  the  board  of  school  directors  of  Albany  county,  Wyo. ; 
was  the  first  nominee  in  1904  of  the  prohibition  party  for  position 
of  representing  the  state  of  Wyoming  in  the  United  States  con 
gress;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  prohibition  national  committee  and 
also  state  chairman  of  the  prohibition  party,  and  resides  in  Toltec, 
Wyo. 

Lauterbach,  Edward,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  12,  1844,  in  New 
York  city.  In  1864  he  graduated  from  the  College  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  and  has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  his  native  city.  He  was  instrumental  in  procuring 
legislation  necessary  to  secure  the  removal  of  the  telegraph  poles, 
and  the  construction  of  sub-ways  in  the  city  of  New  York;  and 
was  at  one  time  president  of  the  company  having  in  charge  these 
important  improvements.  When  the  affairs  of  the  Brooklyn  ele 
vated  railroad  company  were  in  such  an  apparently  hopeless 
condition  that  the  enterprise  was  almost  abandoned,  Mr.  Lauter 
bach  stepped  in  as  a  reorganizer,  and  by  his  skillful  direction 
placed  it  on  a  successful  basis. 

Lawless,  Joseph  Thomas,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  May  2, 
1866,  in  Portsmouth,  Va.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Web 
ster  Military  institute  of  Norfolk,  Va. ;  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  M.A.  from  St.  Mary's  college  of  Belmont,  N.C. ;  and  with  the 
degree  of  B.L.  from  Richmond  college,  Va.  He  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  of  his  native  city ;  was  journal  clerk  in  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  Virginia  in  1883-89 ;  and  was  trustee  of  the  public  schools 
of  Portsmouth.  In  1889  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  with  distinction  for  four  years.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  commonwealth,  receiving  the  re-election 
without  opposition  in  1895,  again  in  1897,  and  again  in  1899. 


238  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Lawrence,  David  Henry,  judge  Lake  county  probate  court,  was 
born  July  18,  1877,  in  Chatsworth,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  grad 
uated  from  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and  soon  attained  success 
in  the  practice  of  law  in  Minnesota.  He  is  judge  of  the  probate 
court  for  Lake  county ;  and  resides  in  Two  Harbors,  Minn. 

Lawrence,  Egbert  Charles,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  June  25,  1845,  in  Borodino,  N.Y.  In  1869  he  graduated  with 
honors  from  the  Union  college ;  graduated  from  Princeton  and 
from  Auburn  theological  seminaries;  took  a  physical  science 
course  at  the  Syracuse  university;  and  has  received  the  degree 
Ph.D.  In  1875  he  was  ordained  to  the  presbyterian  ministry ;  and 
in  1897-1902  was  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Long  Island  bible 
society.  In  1870  he  began  educational  work ;  and  in  1878-82  was 
instructor  in  latin  and  mathematics  and  adjunct  professor  of  his 
tory  n  Union  college.  He  is  an  eminent  pastor-at-large ;  treasurer 
of  the  humane  society  at  Schenectady,  N.Y. ;  and  a  life  director 
of  the  American  bible  society.  He  is  the  author  of  Historical 
Recreations;  assisted  in  the  preparation  of  the  Thomson  series 
of  textbooks  on  mathematics;  and  is  a  constant  contributor  to 
church  and  educational  journals. 

Lawrence,  Samuel  Crocker,  soldier,  banker,  merchant,  rail 
road  president,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1832,  in  Medford,  Mass.  He 
studied  at  Lawrence  academy  of  Groton;  and  in  1858  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Harvard  university.  In  1856-57  he 
was  engaged  in  the  banking  business  in  Chicago,  111.  In  1858-67 
he  was  in  business  with  his  father  and  brother  in  the  firm  of  Dan 
iel  Lawrence  and  Sons,  Medford,  Mass.,  and  since  1807  has  been 
sole  proprietor  of  that  business.  In  1875-84  he  was  president  of 
the  Eastern  railroad  company ;  since  1884  has  been  a  director  and 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Maine  Central  railroad. 
In  1855-64  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  volunteer  mili 
tia  ;  in  1860  was  colonel  of  the  fifth  Massachusetts ;  was  wounded 
at  the  first  Bull  Run ;  and  in  1861-64  was  brigadier-general  of  the 
Massachusetts  militia.  In  1869  he  was  commander  of  the  Ancient 
and  Honorable  Artillery  company.  In  1892-94  he  served  as  the 
first  mayor  of  Medford,  Mass.  In  1880-83  he  was  grand  master 
of  Masons  of  Massahcusetts ;  and  in  1894-95  was  grand  comman 
der  of  Knights  Templar  of  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island ;  and 
resides  in  Medford,  Mass. 

Lawson,  Victor  Fremont,  journalist,  publisher,  was  born  Sept. 
9,  1850,  in  Chicago,  111.  He  was  educated  at  Phillips  academy  of 
Andover,  Mass.  He  tok  charge  of  an  interest  of  his  father's  es 
tate  in  a  printing  establishment;  bought  the  Chicago  Daily  News 
in  1876 ;  and  with  his  later  partner,  Melville  E.  Stone,  developed 
it  to  success.  In  1881  he  started  a  morning  edition ;  and  in  1888 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  239 

became  its  sole  proprietor.  He  has  been  president  of  the  associa 
ted  press.  He  established  the  Daily  News  fresh  air  fund ;  and  has 
been  active  in  other  philanthropic  work. 

Lawson,  John  Davison,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born  March 
29,  1852,  in  Canada.  He  graduated  from  Hamilton  college  and 
Trinity  college ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  B.C.L.  and  LL.D. 
In  1876-81  he  was  editor  of  the  Central  Law  Journal.  In  1890-95 
he  was  judge  of  the  civil  court ;  and  is  professor  of  common  and 
international  law  and  dean  of  the  law  department  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Missouri.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Power  of  Usage  and 
Custom ;  Concordance  of  Words  and  Phrases ;  Leading  Cases  Sim 
plified,  in  three  volumes ;  Presumptive  Evidence ;  Insanity  as  a 
Defense ;  Defenses  to  Crime,  in  five  volumes ;  and  numerous  other 
works. 

Leach,  Antoinette  Dakin,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  April  3, 
1859,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  During  1875-79  she  was  a  teacher  in 
the  public  schools  of  her  native  state ;  and  during  1887-93  was  a 
court  reporter  and  teacher  of  stenography.  By  decision  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Indiana  she  was  granted  permission  to  practice 
law  in  1893 ;  and  she  has  since  attained  success  in  her  chosen  pro 
fession  in  Sullivan,  Ind.  In  1896  she  was  a  delegate  to  the  demo 
cratic  state  convention ;  and  was  the  first  woman  delegate  who 
ever  attended  and  voted  in  a  state  convention  in  Indiana ;  as  she 
also  was  the  first  woman  ever  admitted  to  the  bar  in  her  state. 
She  is  the  wife  of  George  W.  Leach,  a  successful  farmer  and  stock 
breeder. 

Leake,  Frank,  manufacturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15,  1856, 
in  Cainden,  N.J.  In  1882-88  he  was  engaged  in  manufacturing  as 
Frank  Leake  and  company;  and  since  1888  has  been  president 
of  the  Star  and  Crescent  mills  company,  textile  manufacturers  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  also  vice-president  and  director  of  the 
Keystone  mutual  insurance  company ;  and  a  director  in  the  Man- 
ton  mutual  insurance  company.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
commercial  and  civic  organizations ;  was  chairman  of  the  Manu 
facturers '  club  committee  on  pure  water  in  1899;  and  since  1899 
has  been  chairman  of  the  Allied  water  committee  of  Philadelphia 
organizations.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Kensington  young 
men's  Christian  association;  and  has  traveled  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  Sound  Money  Versus  Bimet 
allism;  Factory  Conditions  in  the  South;  and  various  other  Mono 
graphs. 

Leavell,  Richard  Marion,  soldier,  educator,  state  legislator, 
was  born  Aug.  1,  1838,  in  Newberry  district,  S.C.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Cherry  creek  academy  of  Mississippi ;  and  at  the  uni 
versity  of  Mississippi,  where  he  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  In 


240  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1861-65  he  served  as  a  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the  second  regi 
ment  Mississippi  infantry  of  the  confederate  states  army.  In 
1865-70  he  was  principal  of  the  Male  academy  of  Verona,  Miss.; 
and  in  1882-89  was  professor  of  English  language  and  literature 
at  the  Mississippi  college  of  Clinton,  Miss.  In  1889-90  he  was 
professor  of  English  and  belles  lettres;  and  since  1890  has  been 
professor  of  philosophy  and  political  economy  at  the  university 
of  Mississippi.  In  1872-73  he  was  a  member  of  the  Mississippi 
legislature. 

Le  Banon,  John  Francis  Patch,  civil  engineer,  geologist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1847,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  and  high  schools  of  Ipswich,  Mich. ;  and  at  Law 
rence  academy  of  Groton,  Mass.  In  1887  he  became  connected 
with  the  Nicaragua  canal;  became  chief  field  engineer  and  after 
ward  was  a  commissioner  of  the  Nicaragua  canal.  He  has  been 
chief  engineer  of  over  twenty-five  railways,  waterworks  and 
other  constructions.  He  discovered  the  immense  phosphate  of 
lime  deposits  in  Florida;  and  has  made  extensive  archaeological 
studies  in  Florida  for  the  Peabody's  museum  of  Harvard  univer 
sity;  and  for  the  Smithsonian  institute  at  Washington,  D.C.  He 
is  the  author  of  fifty  published  books. 

Lee,  Elmer,  physician,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  March  12, 
1856,  in  Piqua,  Ohio.  In  1892  he  visited  Russia  and  Germany  to 
study  cholera;  and  proposed  a  new  method  of  treatment,  which 
was  approved  by  Virchow  and  others.  He  served  as  a  surgeon  in 
the  Spanish- American  war.  He  is  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Asi 
atic  Cholera ;  and  other  medical  works. 

Leedom,  Joseph,  lawyer,  business  man,  orator,  was  born  Aug. 
23,  1853,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.,  on  the  Old  Leedom  home 
stead  antedating  the  revolutionary  war.  In  1871  he  graduated 
from  the  Central  high  school  of  Philadelphia  with  the  degree  of 
A.B. ;  and  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania  with  the  degree  of  B.L.  Since  1874  he  has  practiced 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  supreme  court  in  1876;  and  shortly 
thereafter  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  United  States  courts. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  senatorial  convention  which  first  nom 
inated  lion.  Bois  Penrose  as  United  States  senator ;  and  made  the 
nomination  speech  in  the  controllers'  convention  on  behalf  of 
General  James  S.  Stewart.  He  is  president  of  the  Quaker  City 
national  bank ;  vice-president  of  the  Nelsonville  coal  and  land 
company;  for  several  years  was  a  director  of  the  Tradesmen's 
trust  and  safe  deposit  company;  and  was  one  of  the  original 
stockholders  of  the  Commonwealth  title  and  insurance  trust  com 
pany.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Quaker  city  national  bank;  a 
prominent  member  of  the  republican  executive  committee  of  his 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  241 

ward ;  a  prominent  mason ;  and  a  member  of  various  law,  patri 
otic  and  fraternal  organizations. 

Leffingwell,  Ernest  DeKoven,  educator,  geologist,  explorer, 
was  born  Jan.  13,  1875,  in  Knoxville,  111.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Racine  grammar  school,  at  Trinity  college  and  at  the  university 
of  Chicago ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  B.A.,  M.A.  and  Ph.D. 
In  1895-96  he  was  teacher  of  science  at  St.  Alban's  school  of  Knox 
ville,  111. ;  and  in  1903-04  was  superintendent  of  that  institution 
and  also  professor  of  geology.  During  the  Spanish-American 
war  he  served  as  a  seaman  on  the  United  States  steamship  Ore 
gon;  and  in  1901-02  was  geodetist  on  the  Baldwin-Ziegler  polar 
expedition. 

Leggett,  Francis  H.,  merchant,  was  born  March  27,  1840,  in 
New  York  city.  He  received  an  academic  education,  and  in  1856 
entered  a  produce  commission  house  as  clerk.  In  1862  he  and  his 
brother  formed  a  co-partnership;  the  business  grew  so  rapidly 
that  it  was  not  long  before  they  were  occupying  three  stores  on 
Reade  street;  and  in  1880  the  land  was  bought  and  the  present 
immense  building  was  erected.  The  business  of  the  house  amounts 
to  nearly  ten  million  dollars  annually,  and  nearly  five  hundred 
persons  are  employed  in  the  establishment ;  and  the  firm  of  Fran 
cis  H.  Leggett  and  Company  is  one  of  the  largest  wholesale  gro 
cery  houses  in  New  York  city. 

Leonard,  Gardner  Cotrell,  merchant,  manufacturer,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1865,  in  West  Springfield,  Mass.  In  1882  he  graduated 
from  Albany  academy ;  and  in  1887  graduated  from  Williams  col 
lege  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  Since  1890  he  has  been  a  partner 
with  Cotrell  and  Leonard  of  Albany,  N.Y.  In  1888-93  he  served 
in  the  New  York  national  guard;  and  served  at  Buffalo  during 
the  strike  of  1892.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Mutual  fire  insurance 
company ;  and  has  been  vice-president  of  the  Albany  institute  and 
historical  and  art  society.  He  is  the  editor  of  Songs  of  Williams. 

Lester,  George  Bacon,  lawyer,  was  born  July  12,  1872,  in 
Seneca  Falls,  N.Y.  He  graduated  from  the  New  York  law  school 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  New  York 
City ;  and  director  and  general  counsel  of  the  Fleischmann  manu 
facturing  company  and  of  various  other  corporations.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Law  institute ;  a  member  of  the  Association  of  the 
bar  of  the  City  of  New  York ;  and  a  member  of  various  clubs  and 
societies. 

Levy,  Jefferson  Monroe,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  in 
New  York  City.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city;  and  graduated  from  the 
New  York  university.  He  studied  law  with  the  late  Clarkson  L. 
Potter;  and  was  associated  with  him  in  various  important  litiga- 


242  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tions.  In  1899-1901  he  was  a  representative  from  New  York  to 
the  fifty-sixth  congress  from  New  York  City  as  a  democrat.  He 
was  the  compiler  of  the  New  York  Election  Laws ;  the  author  of 
Reforms  in  the  New  York  surrogate's  office;  and  leader  of  the 
gold  democrats  in  the  fifty-sixth  congress.  He  was  the  organizer 
of  the  democratic  club  in  New  York  City;  was  the  organizer  of 
the  league  of  democratic  clubs  in  Virginia;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce  and  numerous  other  club$ 
and  organizations.  He  is  the  owner  of  the  home  of  Thomas  Jef 
ferson  at  Monticello,  Va. 

Lewis,  Isaac  Ives,  merchant,  banker,  legislator,  was  born  Feb. 
7,  1825,  in  Meriden,  Conn.  In  1854-71  he  was  a  successful  mer 
chant  and  real  estate  dealer  of  Minneapolis,  Minn. ;  and  in  1871-90 
was  superintendent  of  mines  in  Montana  and  Idaho.  In  1867-68 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  house  of  representatives.  In 
1875-76  and  1877-78  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  legislative  coun 
cil  of  Montana  at  Helena.  He  is  now  a  successful  merchant  and 
banker  at  Ketchum,  Idaho;  and  president  of  the  First  National 
bank  of  that  city,  which  was  organized  in  1884. 

Lewis,  Robert  W.,  government  officer,  was  born  March  10, 
1866,  in  De  Kalb  county,  Ala.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  state.  In  1895-99  he  was  foreman  of  the  Elk 
Park  cattle  company ;  and  for  many  years  was  a  successful  stock 
raiser.  In  1903-04  he  was  jailer  for  Socorro  county,  N.M. ;  is  now 
sergeant  of  the  New  Mexico  mounted  police  at  Socorro,  N.M. 

Lewis,  William  Eugene,  editor  New  York  Morning  Telegraph, 
was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  the  Painesville 
academy  of  Ohio ;  and  at  the  East  high  school  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
In  1889-90  he  practiced  law  in  Cleveland  and  in  Kansas  City.  In 
1893-95  he  was  managing  editor  Chicago  Times ;  in  1898-1901  was 
editor  of  the  New  York  Morning  Telegraph ;  and  in  1901-03  was 
editor  of  the  Philadelphia  North  American.  In  1887-89  was  sec 
retary  of  the  board  of  improvements  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Since 
1903  he  has  been  editor  and  general  manager  of  the  New  York 
Morning  Telegraph ;  and  resides  in  New  York  City. 

Lilley,  Mial  E.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  May  30,  1850, 
in  Canton,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  his  native  state.  In  1880  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar ;  and  soon 
attained  success  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Towanda,  Pa. 
In  1894-1900  he  was  prothonotary  of  Bradford  county,  Pa. ;  and 
in  1903-05  was  assistant  United  States  attorney  for  the  middle 
district  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1905-07  he  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
ninth  congress  from  the  fourteenth  district  of  Pennsylvania  as  a 
republican ;  and  served  on  several  important  committees. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  243 

Lindner,  John,  member  American  institute  of  civics,  was  born 
in  1859  in  Newark,  N.J.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  Jersey;  and  at  the  New  Jersey  business  college.  He  ac 
quired  a  practical  knowledge  of  shoe  manufacturing;  in  1882  he 
entered  the  employ  of  Reynolds  Brothers  of  Utica,  N.Y. ;  and  soon 
became  manager  for  that  firm.  After  being  superintendent  of 
several  large  shoe  manufacturing  concerns,  in  1891  he  incorpor 
ated  the  Lindner  Shoe  company  of  Carlisle,  Pa.,  which  was  suc 
cessful  from  the  start.  Since  1898  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Borough  council  of  Carlisle,  Pa.  In  1903  he  presented  Lindner 
Park  to  the  city  of  Carlisle,  wherein  is  planted  a  collection  of  all 
the  native  and  rare  trees  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Carlisle  board  of  trade ;  and  has  been  its  presi 
dent  ever  since  its  organization.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Civics  and  numerous  other  business  and  scientific 
societies.  Besides  the  donation  of  Lindner  park  he  has  contrib 
uted  to  the  local  institutions  of  learning;  and  has  always  taken 
an  active  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  his  community. 

Lindsey,  Benjamin  Barr,  lawyer,  a  jurist,  reformer,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  25,  1869,  in  Jackson,  Tenn.  Since  1900  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  county  and  juvenile  courts  of  Denver,  Col.  He 
founded  the  juvenile  court ;  and  because  of  some  of  the  laws  he 
has  written  and  active  work  he  has  done  in  promoting  the  ju 
venile  court  system  in  America,  he  has  often  been  referred  to  as 
the  Father  of  the  juvenile  court.  He  is  president  of  the  interna 
tional  juvenile  court  society;  chairman  of  the  probation  commit 
tee  of  the  American  prison  association ;  an  officer  of  the  National 
playground  association;  and  an  international  authority  upon  ju 
venile  courts  and  juvenile  delinquency.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Problem  of  the  Children ;  The  Rule  of  the  Plutocracy  in  Colorado ; 
The  Beast  and  the  Jungle ;  and  various  pamphlets  upon  subjects 
dealing  with  the  welfare  of  children. 

Lippman,  Joseph,  lawyer,  business  president,  public  official, 
was  born  June  19,  1858,  in  Mobile,  Ala.  In  1875  he  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  B.A.  from  the  Philadelphia  high  school ;  and 
in  1879  graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1890  he  was  territo 
rial  librarian  for  Utah  territory ;  in  1893-94  was  county  recorder 
for  Salt  Lake  county,  Utah;  and  in  1902-06  was  United  States 
district  attorney  for  Utah.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah ;  is  president  and  director  of  a 
number  of  mining  corporations;  and  has  filled  numerous  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Little,  George  Obadiah,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
May  2,  1839,  in  Madison,  Ind.  In  1873-98  he  was  pastor  of  the 


244  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

presbyterian  church  of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and  since  1898  has 
been  professor  at  Howard  university.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Royal  House  of  Israel  and  Judah;  An  Interwoven  History;  and 
Harmony. 

Llewellyn,  William  H.  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist, 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1854,  in  Monroe,  Wis.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  and  graduated  from 
Tabor  college  of  Fremont  county,  Iowa.  He  soon  attained  success 
in  the  practice  of  law ;  and  for  six  years  was  territorial  prosecut 
ing  attorney  for  southern  New  Mexico.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  republican  convention  of  1884,  1896  and  1904.  He 
has  been  judge-advocate-general  for  New  Mexico,  with  the  rank 
of  colonel.  During  the  Spanish- American  war  he  was  captain  of 
troop  G,  first  United  States  volunteer  cavalry  rough  riders  under 
Colonel  Roosevelt;  and  was  promoted  to  rank  of  major  in  the 
same  regiment.  In  1899-1903  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Mex 
ico  house  of  representatives,  and  its  speaker  for  one  session.  He 
is  now  United  States  district  attorney  for  New  Mexico  for  the 
term  of  1905-09. 

Lloyd,  John  Uri,  manufacturing  pharmacist,  chemist,  author, 
was  born  April  19,  1849,  in  West  Bloomfield,  N.Y.  He  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  Ph.M.,  Ph.D.  and  LL.D.  Until  1887  he  was 
professor  of  pharmacy  at  the  Cincinnati  college  of  pharmacy; 
and  in  1897-1904  was  professor  of  chemistry ;  and  president  of  the 
Eclectic  medical  institute  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  an  asso 
ciate  editor  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Review  and  other  journals.  In 
1887  he  was  president  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  associa 
tion.  He  is  president  of  the  Lloyd  library  of  botany  and  phar 
macy.  He  is  the  author  of  Chemistry  of  Medicine ;  Etidorhpa,  or 
The  End  of  the  Earth ;  The  Right  Side  of  the  Car ;  Strengtown 
on  the  Pike ;  Red  Head ;  Warwick  of  the  Knobs ;  and  Scroggin. 

Locke,  James  W,,  judge  of  United  States  district  court  for 
Florida,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1837,  in  Wilmington,  Vt.  He  received 
a  high  school  and  academic  education;  and  subsequently  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work.  He  then  studied  law  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Florida.  During 
the  war  he  was  in  the  naval  service,  and  at  its  close  settled  in 
Key  West,  Fla.  He  has  been  county  judge ;  has  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Florida  state  senate.  Since  1872  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the  southern  district  of  Flor 
ida  ;  and  resides  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Lockney,  Henry  Calvin,  farmer,  teacher,  lawyer,  was  born 
April  26,  1855,  at  Burnersville,  W.Va.  In  1875  he  began  teaching 
school  in  Gilmer  county,  W.Va. ;  and  has  ever  since  followed  his 
profession,  having  now  taught  more  than  thirty  years.  In  1880 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  245 

he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  served  as  prosecuting  attorney 
for  a  period  of  ten  years  in  Clay  county ;  and  was  elected  state  sen 
ator  four  years.  He  was  many  years  state  secretary  of  the  Farm 
ers  '  mutual  benefit  association;  and  was  national  vice-president 
of  this  organization  for  one  term.  He  is  a  Freemason,  an  Elk,  a 
Knight  and  an  Odd  Fellow ;  and  has  held  many  positions  of  high 
honor  in  a  number  of  secret  societies.  He  taught  school  and 
practiced  law  in  New  Mexico  in  1908  and  1909 ;  and  served  while 
there  as  United  States  commissioner  and  postmaster  while  in  that 
territory,  but  resigned  both  of  said  positions  in  1909  and  returned 
to  his  native  state,  where  he  resumed  his  profession  as  teacher  in 
the  public  schools  of  Calhoun  county,  W.Va.  He  is  a  successful 
farmer  and  stock  dealer  and  owns  several  farms  near  Arnolds- 
burg,  W.Va.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Lockwood,  Belva  A.,  lawyer,  reformer,  lecturer,  was  born  Oct. 
24,  1830,  in  Royalton,  N.Y.  By  her  efforts,  a  law  was  passed 
equalizing  the  salaries  of  male  and  female  government  employees. 
In  the  year  1873  she  was  admitted  to  practice  before  the  appellate 
court  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  1877  she  applied  for  the 
right  to  practice  before  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
She  was  refused  simply  because  she  was  a  woman.  She  there 
upon  presented  to  congress  a  bill,  which  was  passed,  authorizing 
women  to  practice  law  in  the  United  States  courts. 

Lockwood,  Henry,  clergyman,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1869,  in  Al 
bany,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Rutgers  college  and  at  the  Re 
formed  church  theological  seminary;  and  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  In  1894-1901  he  was  pastor  of  the  Knox 
and  second  Berne  churches  of  Albany  county,  N.Y. ;  and  since 
1901  has  been  pastor  of  his  church  at  East  Millstone,  N.J.  Since 
1907  he  has  been  permanent  clerk  of  the  general  synod  of  the  Re 
formed  church.  He  is  editor  of  the  Somerset  Church  News;  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  religious  literature. 

Lockwood,  Virgil  Homer,  lawyer,  lecturer,  was  born  May  6, 
1860,  in  Fort  Branch,  Ind.  He  received  his  education  in  the  high 
school  at  DePauw  university,  where  he  also  studied  law.  In  1886 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Detroit,  Mich. ;  and  since  1891  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  American  bar 
association.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  patent  and  trade  mark  law ; 
and  has  lectured  on  patent  and  trade  mark  law  at  the  Indiana 
state  university;  and  resides  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Lodge,  Lee  Davis,  educator,  philosopher,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  24,  1865,  in  Montgomery  county,  Md.  In  1885  he  graduated 
from  the  Columbian  university  with  the  degree  of  M.A.  He  was 
immediately  elected  tutor  of  Greek  and  English  in  his  alma  mater; 


246  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

in  1886  was  chosen  professor  of  Latin;  and  in  1877-85  filled  the 
chair  of  French  language  and  literature.  In  1885-89  he  held  pro 
fessorships  in  the  Columbian  university  of  Washington,  D.C. ; 
and  since  1899  has  been  president  of  Lime  Stone  college  of  Gaff- 
ney,  S.C.  His  work  entitled  A  Study  in  Corneille,  traces  carefully 
the  development  of  the  French  drama.  He  is  now  writing  a  His 
tory  of  French  Philosophy,  on  which  subject  he  is  an  authority. 

Loeb,  James,  retired  banker,  litterateur,  was  born  Aug.  6, 1867, 
in  New  York  city.  He  was  educated  at  Dr.  Hull's  school,  Dr.  J. 
Sade  's  collegiate  institute  for  boys,  and  in  1888  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.,  from  Harvard  university.  In  1888-1901  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  banking  business;  and  now  devotes  his  time  princi 
pally  to  art  and  literature.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  execu 
tive  committee  of  the  New  York  civil  service  reform  association; 
and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  chamber  of  commerce,  Metropolitan  museum  of 
art;  American  institute  of  archaeology;  the  English  society  for 
promotion  of  Hellenic  studies;  the  New  York  botanical  garden 
and  the  municipal  art  society ;  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Lotus, 
Nineteenth  century,  lawyers',  players',  and  numerous  clubs  and 
societies  of  New  York  City. 

Long,  Chester  I.,  republican,  of  Medicine  Lodge,  was  born  Oct. 
12,  1860,  in  Perry  county,  Pa. ;  in  1865  he  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Daviess  county,  Mo.,  where  he  resided  until  1879,  when  he 
moved  to  Paola,  Kans. ;  received  an  academic  education ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Topeka,  Kans.,  in  1885,  and  located  at  Medi 
cine  Lodge,  where  he  has  since  resided;  was  elected  to  the  State 
senate  in  1889;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,  and  fifty-eighth  congresses.  Before  his  term  as  repre 
sentative  in  the  fifty-eighth  congress  began,  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  to  succeed  William  A.  Harris,  democrat,  for 
the  term  beginning  March  4,  1903-09. 

Lookabaugh,  Ira  Holmes,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1868,  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Campbell  uni 
versity  of  Holton,  Kan.,  and  at  the  Kansas  university  of  Law 
rence.  He  graduated  from  the  commercial  and  scientific  ocurse 
at  Campbell  university,  and  from  the  art  and  law  departments  at 
the  Kansas  university.  He  has  been  cashier  of  a  bank,  traveling 
salesman,  and  a  school  teacher.  In  1892  he  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  the  supreme  court  of  Kansas  and  has  attained  prominence 
in  his  profession  in  Oklahoma  at  Watonga,  where  he  takes  an  act 
ive  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  that  state. 

Lord,  Livingston  C.,  president  of  the  eastern  Illinois  state 
normal  university,  was  born  Aug.  27, 1851,  in  Killingsworth,  Conn. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  at 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  247 

the  state  normal  school  of  New  Britain,  Conn.  He  has  attained 
success  in  educational  work.  He  has  been  city  superintendent  of 
schools  at  St.  Peter,  Minn. ;  president  of  the  state  normal  school 
at  Moorhead,  Minn.;  and  has  filled  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  Since  1899  he  has  been  president  of  the  eastern  Illinois 
state  normal  university  at  Charleston,  111. 

Lord,  William  Paine,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  diplomat,  gover 
nor,  was  born  in  1838  in  Dover,  Del.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
major  of  the  first  regiment,  Delaware  United  States  cavalry;  and 
afterward  became  lieutenant  of  the  second  regiment  United 
States  artillery.  He  was  city  attorney  of  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1870 ; 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  in  1878 ;  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
and  chief  justice  during  1880-94 ;  and  in  1895  he  was  elected  gov 
ernor  of  Oregon  for  four  years.  In  1899-1908  he  was  United 
States  minister  to  the  Argentine  Republic ;  and  is  now  code  com 
missioner  of  Oregon. 

Lothrop,  Thornton  Kirkland,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  in 
1830  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  educated  at  Harvard  univer 
sity.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  historical  society;  a 
trustee  of  the  Boston  athenaeum,  and  a  trustee  of  the  museum  of 
fine  arts.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Somerset  and  union  clubs.  He 
is  a  lawyer  of  Boston,  and  the  author  of  The  Life  of  William  H. 
Seward. 

Loud,  Eugene  Francis,  soldier,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  March  12,  1847,  in  Abington,  Mass.  He  was  with  the  army 
of  the  Potomac  and  with  Sheridan  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  un 
til  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  a  member  of  the  California  leg 
islature  in  1884,  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third 
and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican.  He  is  still  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Lowber,  James  William,  educator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  was 
born  in  1847  in  Chaplin,  Ky.  He  attended  the  university  of  In 
dianapolis,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
and  A.M. ;  then  attended  the  Syracuse  university,  graduating  from 
the  classical  course  with  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  For  many  years  he 
was  the  editor  of  The  Apostolic  Church  of  Louisville,  Ky.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Columbia  Christian  college;  and  has  filled 
pastorates  in  Scranton,  Pa.;  Louisville  and  Paducah,  Ky. ;  Fort 
Wort,  Galveston  and  Austin,  Tex.,  in  which  latter  city  he  now  re 
sides.  He  is  a  member  of  the  foreign  royal  geographical  society ; 
and  a  member  of  the  Royal  societies  club  of  London.  He  is  the 
author  of  Culture;  Struggles  and  Triumphs  of  the  Truth;  and 
other  works.  For  five  years  he  was  chancellor  of  the  Texas  Chris- 


248  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tian  university ;  is  a  member  of  the  American  academy  of  political 
and  social  science ;  and  resides  in  Austin,  Texas. 

Lowell,  Daniel  Ozro  Smith,  educator,  author,  was  born  April 
13,  1851,  in  Denmark,  Maine.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  Bow- 
doin  college  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
that  instituion.  In  1877  he  graduated  from  the  Medical  school  of 
Maine ;  but  adopted  teaching  as  a  profession.  Until  1884  he  taught 
in  various  schools  and  academies  in  the  state  of  Maine.  Since 
1884  he  has  been  a  master  in  the  Roxbury  Latin  school  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  of  the  American  phil 
ological  association,  and  of  other  educational  and  scientific  socie 
ties.  In  1896  he  edited  The  Roger  de  Coverley  Papers;  he  has 
contributed  extensively  to  various  journals  on  subjects  of  travel, 
literature,  and  education,  and  is  the  author  of  Jason 's  Quest ;  and 
he  resides  in  Dorchester,  Mass. 

Lowell,  Percival,  astronomer,  author,  was  born  March  13, 1855, 
in  Boston,  Mas.  In  1876  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B. 
from  Harvard;  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Amherst.  Most  of  the  time  during  1883-93  he  lived  in  Ja 
pan  ;  and  was  counsellor  and  foreign  secretary  to  the  Korean  spe 
cial  mission  to  the  United  States.  In  1894  he  established  the  Low 
ell  observatory;  in  1900  he  undertook  an  eclipse  expedition  to 
Tripoli;  and  in  1907  sent  an  expedition  to  the  Andes  to  photo 
graph  the  planet  Mars.  In  1902  he  was  appointed  non-resident 
professor  of  astronomy  in  the  Massachusetts  institute  of  technol 
ogy.  He  is  the  author  of  Choson;  The  Soul  of  the  Far  East; 
Noto ;  Occult  Japan ;  Annals  of  the  Lowell  Observatory ;  The  So 
lar  System ;  Mars  and  Its  Canals ;  and  Mars  as  the  Abode  of  Life. 

Lowman,  John  Bodine,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  19, 
1874,  in  Johnstown,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  Cheltenham  MiL» 
itary  academy;  and  in  1895  graduated  wtih  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  the  Jefferson  medical  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has 
attained  success  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Johnstown, 
Pa. ;  and  is  surgeon-in-charge  of  the  Cambridge  hospital,  surgeon 
to  the  Memorial  hospital,  Pennsylvania  railroad  company,  and 
the  Lorain  Steel  company;  and  is  also  on  the  staff  of  the  Cone- 
maugh  Valley  Memorial  hospital.  He  is  medical  examiner  for  the 
Bankers ',  Manhattan,  Mutual  and  New  York  Life  Insurance  com 
panies  of  New  York  city,  and  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  In 
surance  company  of  Hartford,  Conn.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Citi 
zens'  National  bank  and  the  Johnstown  Telephone  company.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  medical  association,  medical  society 
state  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Cambria  county  medical  society; 
and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and  state ;  and  resides  in  Johnstown,  Pa. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  249 

Ludwig,  0.  C.,  state  librarian  of  Arkansas,  was  born  Sept.  16, 
1858,  in  Decatur,  Ala.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  Huntsville,  Ala.  By  profession  he  is  a  printer,  journal 
ist  and  general  newspaper  man.  He  has  been  clerk  in  the  Ar 
kansas  house  of  representatives;  deputy  secretary  of  state;  sec 
retary  of  state  for  three  terms;  and  has  held  various  other  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1905  he  has  been  state  librarian 
of  Arkansa ;  and  resides  in  Little  Eock,  Ark. 

Lyman,  George  Alexander,  journalist,  lecturer,  was  born  June 
26,  1838,  in  Winchester,  N.H.  In  1855  he  graduated  from  the 
Northfield  institute  of  Northfield,  Mass.  He  is  the  editor  and 
owner  of  The  Journal  of  Amboy,  111.,  and  has  been  an  extensive 
writer  on  social  and  political  economy,  and  is  known  as  a  cham 
pion  of  the  cause  of  popular  education  and  also  of  higher  educa 
tion.  He  is  a  lecturer  of  the  American  Institute  of  Civics,  and  a 
brilliant  orator.  He  takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and  state ;  is  a  prominent  member  of  several  fra 
ternal  orders,  in  which  he  has  held  many  positions  of  honor. 

Lynch,  John  Roy,  jurist,  legislator,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  10,  1847,  in  Concordia  parish,  La.  In  1869  he  was  appointed 
a  justice  of  the  peace  in  Natchez,  Miss.  He  was  elected  to  the 
state  legislature  from  Adams  county  in  1870;  and  re-elected  in 
1871.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican. 

Lyon,  George,  major  Nebraska  national  guard,  was  born  July 
30,  1859,  in  Ogdensburg,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Philipps  Ex 
eter  academy  of  New  Hampshire;  and  in  1881  graduated  from 
Harvard  college  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is  a  successful  journal 
ist  and  publisher ;  and  editor  of  Nuckolls  County  Herald  of  Nel 
son,  Neb.  He  is  also  an  abstractor  of  titles ;  and  the  owner  of  the 
only  set  of  abstract  books  of  his  county.  He  personally  superin 
tends  a  farm  of  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres ;  and  makes  a  spec 
ialty  of  real  estate  and  loans.  He  is  a  director  in  the  First  na 
tional  bank  of  Nelson,  Neb. ;  and  prominently  identified  wtih  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  Since  1903  he  has  held 
the  rank  of  major  in  the  Nebraska  national  guard;  was  colonel 
on  Governor  Holcomb's  staff;  and  resides  in  Nelson,  Neb. 

Lyons,  Judson  Whitlocke,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1860,  in 
Burke  county,  Ga.  He  is  in  the  law  practice  in  Augusta,  Ga. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  republican  national  convention  of 
1888,  1892  and  1896;  and  in  the  latter  year  was  elected  on  the 
Georgia  national  committee.  In  1898,  he  removed  to  Washing 
ton,  having  been  appointed  at  that  date  register  of  the  United 
States  treasury. 


250  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Lyte,  Eliphalet  Oram,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
June  29,  1842,  in  Bird-in-Hand,  Pa.  Since  his  graduation  he  has 
devoted  himself  especially  to  the  study  of  language  and  philos 
ophy.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Millersville 
state  normal  school  since  1868 ;  and  in  1887  was  elected  its  prin 
cipal.  He  is  the  author  of  Forms  of  Parsing  and  Analysis ;  Prac 
tical  Book-keeping;  The  School  Song  Book;  and  Grammar  and 
Composition. 

Mabery,  Charles  Frederic,  chemist,  educator,  was  born  Jan. 
13,  1850,  in  North  Gorham,  Maine.  He  has  received  the  degrees 
of  Bachelor  of  Science  and  Doctor  of  Science.  In  1873-83  he  was 
student  and  teacher  in  Harvard  university,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the  Case  school  of  applied  science  in 
Cleveland.  He  has  published  numerous  papers  in  the  American 
Chemical  Journal,  and  other  scientific  journals  at  home  and 
abroad. 

Mabrey,  Henry  Y.,  Wayne  county  probate  judge  of  Missouri, 
was  born  Dec.  3,  1836,  in  Randolph  county,  Ind.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  Missouri ;  and  attended  the  Jackson 
seminary  for  one  term.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  company  B,  twelfth 
regiment  United  States  cavalry;  and  the  same  year  volunteered 
as  a  member  of  the  company  H,  thirty-first  regiment  Missouri 
volunteer  infantry ;  and  was  commissioned  as  first  lieutenant.  In 
1864  he  attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  serving  in  numerous  bat 
tles  and  skirmishes  during  the  civil  war.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools;  was  county  school  commis 
sioner;  and  county  superintendent  of  public  schools.  He  has 
served  as  a  justice  of  the  peace ;  and  for  six  years  was  public  ad 
ministrator  of  Wayne  county,  Mo.  In  1894-98  he  was  probate 
judge,  and  again  in  1902  was  elected  probate  judge  for  Wayne 
county ;  and  resides  in  Greenville,  Mo. 

MacArthur,  Robert  Stuart,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was 
born  July  31,  1841,  in  Canada.  He  is  a  distinguished  baptist  cler 
gyman  of  the  Calvary  baptist  church  of  New  York  City  since 
1870.  He  is  the  author  of  Quick  Truths  in  Quaint  Texts ;  Calvary 
Pulpit,  or  Christ  and  Him  Crucified;  Divine  Balustrades,  and 
Other  Sermons;  Current  Questions  for  Thinking  Men;  The  At 
tractive  Christ;  A  Book  on  the  Holy  Land;  and  Advent  Christ 
mas,  Easter,  and  Other  Sermons. 

Mac  Lean,  George  Edwin,  educator,  clergyman,  college  presi 
dent,  author,  was  born  Aug.  31,  1850,  in  Rockville,  Conn.  He  has 
filled  the  chair  of  English  language  and  literature  in  the  univer 
sity  of  Minnesota;  and  was  chancellor  of  the  university  of  Ne 
braska  at  Lincoln  in  1895-99.  Since  1899  he  has  been  president 
of  the  state  university  of  Iowa.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Chart  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  251 

English  Literature,  with  Eef erences ;  and  The  Next  Stages  in  the 
Educational  Development  of  Nebraska. 

Mac  Lennan,  Frank  Pitts,  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Topeka 
State  Journal,  was  born  March  1,  1855,  in  Springfield  Ohio.  In 
1875  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.S.  from  the  university  of 
Kansas ;  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  M.S.  from  that 
institution  of  learning.  For  several  years  he  was  connected  with 
the  Daily  News  of  Emporia,  Kan.;  in  1880  acquired  proprietary 
interests  in  that  publication,  which  he  subsequently  sold  in  1885 ; 
and  then  he  bought  the  State  Journal  at  auction,  of  which  publi 
cation  he  has  since  been  edito.r  and  proprietor.  The  Topeka  State 
Journal,  under  his  management,  has  become  one  of  the  foremost 
and  most  popular  newspapers  in  the  west. 

Madill,  Leslie  D.,  Midland  county  treasurer  of  Michigan,  was 
born  March  24,  1879,  in  Midland,  Mich.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  and  is  a  bookkeeper  and  account 
ant  by  profession.  He  has  been  deputy  register  of  deeds,  deputy 
county  treasurer,  and  is  now  chairman  of  the  republican  city  and 
county  committees.  Since  1905  he  has  been  county  treasurer  for 
Midland  county ;  and  resides  in  Midland,  Mich. 

Majette,  Mark  Marsden,  lawyer,  public  official  and  occa 
sional  writer,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1865  in  Hertford  county,  N.C. 
He  attended  the  university  of  North  Carolina,  and  after  obtaining 
law  license,  commenced  practicing  at  Columbia,  N.C.,  where  he 
soon  attained  prominence.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Columbia,  and 
is  prominently  identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  the  town  and 
county  in  which  he  resides ;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  N.C. 

Manderson,  Charles  Frederick,  soldier,  lawyer,  United  States 
senator  was  born  Feb.  9,  1837,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1856  he 
moved  to  Canton,  Ohio,  where  he  read  law;  and  was  elected  city 
solictor  in  1860.  In  1861  he  entered  the  army  as  first  lieutenant 
of  company  A,  nineteenth  regiment  Ohio  infantry;  and  rose 
through  the  grades  of  captain,  major,  lieutenant-colonel  and  col 
onel  of  that  regiment,  commanding  a  brigade  during  the  demi- At 
lantic  campaign.  In  September,  1864,  he  was  severely  wounded ; 
and  in  1865  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for 
long-continued  and  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  was  sub 
sequently  twice  elected  district  attorney  at  Canton,  Ohio;  and 
since  1869  has  practiced  law  in  Omaha,  Neb. ;  for  six  years  he  was 
city  attorney  of  Omaha;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
as  a  republican  in  1883 ;  was  re-elected  in  1888 ;  and  was  elected 
president  pro  tern  in  1891  to  succeed  John  J.  Ingalls.  He  served 
two  years  as  president  of  the  American  bar  association;  and  for 
the  last  three  years  has  been  general  solicitor  of  the  Chicago,  Bur 
lington  and  Quincy  railroad  in  the  six  states  west  of  the  Mis- 


252  PBOGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

souri  river  traversed  by  that  railroad;  and  resides  in  Omaha, 
Neb. 

Manners,  Edwin,  lawyer,  business  president,  was  born  March 
6,  1855,  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.  He  was  educated  at  the  Hasbrouck 
institute  of  Jersey  City ;  and  at  the  Mount  Pleasant  military  acad 
emy  of  Ossining-on-Hudson.  In  1877  he  graduated  from  Prince 
ton  university  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  and  subsequently  received 
the  degree  of  A.M.  In  1879  he  graduated  from  Columbia  univer 
sity  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  He  was  admitted  to  the  New  Jer 
sey  bar  as  an  attorney  in  1880  and  as  a  counsellor  in  1883;  and 
has  practiced  his  profession  in  his  native  city.  He  has  large  real 
estate  intersts  and  stock  holdings  in  several  business  corporations 
in  Jersey  City,  N.J.  He  is  an  occasional  contributor  of  both  prose 
and  verse  to  the  press;  and  has  traveled  extensively  in  America 
and  abroad. 

Man  waring,  Albert  H.,  electrical  engineer,  was  born  Aug.  8, 
1859,  in  Mexico,  Oswego  county,  N.Y.  In  1874  he  moved  to  Cleve 
land,  Ohio ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Bryant  and 
Stratton's  Business  college.  In  1880  he  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Brush  Electric  company,  and  was  assigned  to  take  charge  of 
the  construction  and  erection  of  electrical  plants  for  the  eastern 
agency  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1881  he  took  charge  of  the  in 
stallation  and  remodeling  of  electric  light  plants  for  the  Thom 
son-Houston  company  of  Philadelphia.  In  1884  he  became  assist 
ant  superintendent  of  the  Brush  Electric  Light  company  of  Phil 
adelphia  ;  general  superintendent  of  the  electrical  department  in 
1890;  and  since  1899  has  been  electrical  engineer  for  the  Phila 
delphia  Electric  company.  He  is  a  member  of  several  electrical 
societies ;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor ;  and 
resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Marburg,  Theodore,  political  economist,  author,  was  born  July 
10,  1862,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  Princeton  prep 
aratory  school  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  university;  and  in  1892-93 
studied  at  Oxford,  England.  In  1902  he  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  A.M.  from  the  Johns  Hopkins  university.  He  is  a  direc 
tor  of  the  Baltimore  trust  and  guarantee  company;  a  member  of 
the  American  economical  association,  and  a  member  of  the  Po 
litical  science  association.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Muni 
cipal  art  society  ;  and  is  a  trustee  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  university. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  World's  Money  Problem;  The  War 
with  Spain ;  Expansion ;  In  the  Hills,  a  poem. 

Marcy,  Henry  Orlando,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  June  23, 
1837,  in  Otis,  Mass.  He  graduated  from  Amherst  with  the  degree 
of  A.M.;  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Harvard  university; 
and  took  a  post-graduate  course  at  the  university  of  Berlin.  In 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  253 

1862-65  he  was  surgeon  and  medical  director  in  the  United  States 
army.  He  is  surgeon  to  the  Surgical  hospital  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.;  and  is  a  member  of  many  societies  both  in  America  and 
Europe.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Anatomy  and  Surgical  Treat 
ment  of  Hernia;  Modern  Methods  of  Wound  Treatment;  The 
Animal  Suture;  and  other  works. 

Marden,  Orison  Swett,  journalist,  author,  was  born  in  1848  in 
Thornton,  N.H.  He  is  the  editor  and  founder  of  the  Success  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  is  a  Boston  writer  whose  collections  of  brief 
biographies  comprise  Pushing  to  the  Front ;  Architects  of  Fate ; 
How  to  Succeed ;  The  Secret  of  Achievement ;  and  The  Optimistic 
Life. 

Markham,  Henry  Harrison,  lawyer,  congressman,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  16,  1840,  in  Wilmington,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at 
the  public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  at  Wheel 
er's  academy  of  Vermont.  In  1861  he  moved  to  Wisconsin,  and 
entered  the  army  from  that  state.  He  was  with  General  Sherman 
on  his  famous  march  to  the  sea,  and  was  severely  wounded  in 
February,  1865.  He  then  practiced  law  in  Milwaukee  until  1878, 
when  he  moved  to  Pasadena,  Cal.,  where  for  a  number  of  years 
he  was  engaged  in  gold  and  silver  mining.  He  was  elected  as  a 
representative  from  California  to  the  forty-ninth  congress,  secur 
ing  the  passage  of  many  important  measures  for  the  benefit  of 
Los  Angeles  county.  He  became  one  of  the  managers  of  the  Na 
tional  Soldiers'  home  of  the  United  States;  and  during  1890-95 
he  filled  the  high  office  of  governor  of  the  state  of  California. 

Marshall,  James  M.,  assistant  quartermaster-general  United 
States  army,  was  born  May  31,  1844,  in  Coles  county,  HI.  He  was 
educated  at  the  United  States  Military  academy  of  West  Point, 
N.Y.  In  1865  he  was  promoted  first  lieutenant  in  the  thireenth 
infantry;  in  1866  was  transferred  to  the  thirty-first  infantry;  in 
1869  to  the  twenty-second  infantry;  and  in  1880  for  the  fourth 
artillery.  In  1875  he  became  captain  and  assistant  quartermas 
ter  ;  in  1891  became  major  and  quartermaster ;  and  in  1897  depu 
ty  quartermaster-general.  Since  1901  he  has  been  assistant  quar 
termaster-general  in  the  United  States  army,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel ;  and  is  now  stationed  at  Jeffersonville,  Ind. 

Martin,  George  Alexander,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1833,  in  Norfolk  county,  Va.  He  enlisted  as  a  pri 
vate  in  the  confederate  service  and  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel.  In  1881  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  state  senate; 
has  twice  been  a  delegate  to  the  Virginia  house  of  delegates;  in 
1883-84  was  railroad  commissioner  of  Virginia ;  and  in  1888  was 
presidential  elector  of  Virginia.  He  has  made  history  and  the 
classics  a  special  study;  and  has  contributed  extensively  to  cur- 


254  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

rent  literature.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his  native 
state  at  Norfolk ;  and  resides  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

Martin,  Jonathan  McCaleb,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  June 
2,  1846,  in  Claiborne  county,  Miss.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  university  of  Virginia,  and  soon  became  a  leading  lawyer  of 
his  state.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of  registrars;  for  four 
years  was  a  representative  of  the  Mississippi  legislature ;  and  for 
four  years  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  For  fifteen  years  he  was 
a  trustee  of  the  Industrial  institute  and  college  of  Columbus,  Miss. ; 
and  now  practices  his  profession  in  Port  Gibson,  Miss. 

Martine,  Godfrey  R.,  physician,  surgeon,  philanthropist,  was 
born  April  27,  1837,  in  Troy,  N.Y.  His  education  was  com 
menced  in  Troy,  N.Y. ;  and  later  he  entered  the  Warrensburg 
academy.  He  subsequently  entered  the  state  normal  school  at 
Albany,  where  he  received  a  state  teacher's  certificate;  and  soon 
became  principal  of  Lawrenceburg  academy.  In  1862  he  grad 
uated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  university  of  Vermont ; 
and  for  twenty  years  practiced  his  profession  in  Warrensburg, 
N.Y.  Since  1882  he  has  practiced  in  Glens  Falls,  N.Y. ;  and  in 
1885  established  the  Glens  Falls  hospital.  In  1879  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  New  York  state  assembly.  In  1878  he  established 
the  Martine  drug  store  at  North  Creek,  which  is  still  in  exist 
ence.  He  has  served  several  terms  as  president  of  the  "Warren 
County  Medical  Association;  was  president  of  the  State  Tri- 
County  Medical  Society;  was  a  delegate  to  the  "World's  Medical 
Congress ;  and  for  five  years  was  secretary  of  the  United  States 
board  of  pension  examiners.  He  is  a  skilled  physician ;  and  one 
of  the  most  liberal  and  public-spirited  citizens  of  "Warren  county ; 
and  resides  in  Glens  Falls,  N.Y. 

Marvin,  Frederick  Rowland,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author, 
poet,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1847,  in  Troy,  N.Y.  He  studied  in  the 
Union  college;  in  1870  graduated  from  college  of  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  New  York  City;  and  was  professor  of  psychological 
and  medical  jurisprudence  in  1872-75.  He  studied  theology  at 
the  reformed  dutch  theology  seminary  of  New  Brunswick,  N.J. 
He  has  filled  pastorates  in  the  congregational  churches  of  Mid- 
dletown,  N.Y. ;  at  Portland,  Oregon;  and  at  Harrington,  Mass. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  Last  Words  of  Distinguished  Men  and 
Women ;  Christ  Among  the  Cattle ;  The  Literature  of  the  Insane ; 
Death  in  the  Light  of  Science ;  Flowers  of  Song  from  Many 
Lands ;  and  The  Companionship  of  Books  and  Other  Papers. 

Marvin,  Winthrop  Lippitt,  public  official,  was  born  May  15, 
1863,  in  New  Castle,  N.  H.  He  was  educated  at  Portsmouth  and 
Roxbury ;  studied  at  Tufts  college ;  and  has  received  the  degrees 
of  A.B.  and  Litt.D.  In  1884-86  he  was  reporter  and  night  city 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  255 

editor  on  the  Boston  Advertiser;  and  in  1887-1903  was  New  Eng 
land  news  editor  and  editorial  writer,  and  chief  editorial  writer 
and  associate-editor  on  the  Boston  Journal.  In  1901-04  he  was 
civil  service  comimssioner  of  Massachusetts;  and  in  1904-05  was 
secretary  of  the  merchant  marine  commission  at  Washington,  D.C. 
He  is  the  author  of  The  American  Merchant  Marine;  and  resides 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

Mathues,  William  Lincoln,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
March  24,  1862,  in  Delaware  county,  Pa.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  Media,  Pa.;  and  soon  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1885-87  he  was  deputy  sheriff  of 
his  county ;  and  in  1887-92  he  was  deputy  prothonotary  and  dep 
uty  clerk  of  courts ;  and  in  1892-1904  was  prothonotary  and  clerk 
of  courts.  In  1904  he  was  a  delegate  at  Chicago,  111. ;  and  has 
filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  was  treasurer  of 
the  state  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1904-06 ;  and  resides  in 
Media,  Pa. 

Mathews,  William  Burdette,  clerk  state  supreme  court  of  ap 
peals  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1866,  in  Marshall 
county,  W.Va.  He  was  educated  at  Waynesburg  college,  Pa. ; 
and  at  the  Columbian  university.  He  soon  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law;  was  chief  clerk  in  the  state  auditor's  office;  and 
served  as  assistant  attorney-general.  He  has  been  presidential 
elector ;  and  president  of  the  state  league  of  republican  clubs.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  Ep worth  league ;  and  twice  a  delegate 
to  the  general  conference  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church.  Since 
1903  he  has  been  clerk  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of 
West  Virginia ;  and  resides  in  Charlestown,  W.Va. 

Matson,  Myron,  state  senator  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Sept. 
13, 1850,  in  Rushford,  N.Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools;  and  graduated  from  Franklinville 
academy.  In  1870  he  engaged  in  the  oil  business  in  Warren 
county,  Pa. ;  which  business  he  has  since  followed,  and  now  holds 
interests  in  various  oil  fields  throughout  Pennsylvania  and  West 
Virginia.  He  is  president  of  the  Matson  Oil  company  and  in  the 
Indiana  oil  fields.  He  is  president  of  the  Bradford  Alaska  Mining 
Company;  vice-president  of  the  Commercial  National  Bank  of 
Bradford,  Pa. ;  and  a  director  in  various  other  corporations.  He 
has  several  times  been  elected  a  delegate  to  county  and  state 
conventions ;  was  chairman  of  the  county  committee  for  several 
terms;  in  1900  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state 
senate  for  Tioga,  Potter  and  McKean  counties;  and  in  1904  was 
reelected  to  the  state  senate ;  and  resides  in  Bradford,  Pa. 

Matthews,  Matthew  Clement,  judge  district  court  of  Iowa, 
was  born  Jan.  1, 1862,  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  in  the 


256  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

public  and  parochial  schools  of  Iowa,  attended  the  business  col 
lege  ;  and  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  soon  at 
tained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Dubuque,  Iowa;  and  for 
six  years  was  county  attorney  of  Dubuque  county,  Iowa.  Since 
1898  he  has  been  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  nineteenth 
judicial  district  of  Iowa ;  and  his  decisions  have  shown  great  eru 
dition  and  learning.  He  is  prominent  in  fraternal  and  patriotic 
societies ;  and  is  now  high  chief  ranger  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Foresters  of  Iowa ;  and  resides  in  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

Maury,  Mytton,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  in  1839  in  Eng 
land.  He  graduated  from  Columbia  university  with  the  degrees 
of  A.B.  and  A.M.;  gradauted  from  the  Berkeley  divinity  school 
with  the  degree  of  B.D. ;  and  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 
university  of  New  York.  In  1865-71  he  was  rector  at  Cold  Spring, 
N.Y. ;  filled  various  other  pastorates  thereafter ;  and  is  now  rector 
of  St.  John's  church  of  Rockland  county,  N.Y.  He  is  the  editor 
and  author  of  Maury 's  Series  of  Geographies;  Maury 's  Physical 
Geography ;  Famous  Men  of  Greece ;  Famous  Men  of  the  Middle 
Ages ;  Famous  Men  of  Modern  Times ;  and  other  works. 

Maute,  Andrew,  state  printer  of  Nevada,  was  born  June  28, 
1844,  in  France.  He  learned  the  printing  business,  and  became 
foreman  of  the  Nevada  state  printing  office.  He  has  been  the 
publisher  of  the  Carson  Independent ;  editor  and  manager  of  the 
Austin  Reveille ;  and  is  now  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Bel- 
mont  Courier.  For  eight  years  he  served  with  distinction  as  a 
state  senator  in  the  Nevada  legislature,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  legislation  of  Nevada.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
honorary  visitors  of  the  Nevada  state  university,  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs.  He  is  state  printer  of  Nevada  for 
the  term  of  1903-07 ;  and  resides  in  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Maxwell,  John  Stevens,  judge  criminal  court  of  record  for 
Duval  county  of  Florida,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1866,  in  Fernandina, 
Fla.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Florida,  Georgia 
and  Delaware ;  studied  under  private  tutors  in  Wilmingtonville ; 
and  attended  Princeton  university  and  a  summer  law  school.  He 
soon  attained  success  at  the  bar  of  Florida ;  is  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  democratic  party ;  is  a  member  of  the  Elks ;  a  member 
of  the  Florida  yacht  club ;  and  is  president  of  the  Robert  Burns 
association  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.  He  is  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
national  guard  of  Florida ;  and  a  member  of  the  national  guard 
association  of  Florida.  He  is  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  record 
for  Duval  county,  Fla. ;  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1909-13 ; 
and  resides  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Maxwell,  Perriton,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1866, 
in  New  York  city.  Since  1888  he  has  been  engaged  in  journalism 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  257 

on  the  New  York  Sun,  the  World  and  Journal.  In  1900-06  he  was 
editor  of  the  Metropolitan  Magazine  of  New  York  city ;  and  since 
1906  has  been  editor  of  the  Cosmopolitan  Magazine.  He  is  the 
author  of  Masterpieces  of  Art  and  Nature;  and  American  Art 
and  Artists. 

May,  Charles  Henry,  physician,  oculist,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
7,  1861,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  the  College  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  and  took  special  studies  in  chemistry;  and  in 
1883  graduated  from  the  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of 
Columbia  university.  In  1883-87  he  took  a  special  course  of 
study  of  th  eye  and  ear  abroad.  In  1883  he  began  practice  as 
physician  and  surgeon  in  New  York  city;  and  since  1887  has 
been  a  specialist  of  the  eye  and  ear.  He  is  the  author  of  Manual 
of  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  which  has  been  translated  into  several 
languages. 

Mayes,  Edward,  lawyer,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec.  15, 
1846,  in  Hinds  county,  Miss.  In  1860-61  he  was  a  student  at 
Bethany  college  of  Virginia ;  in  1868  he  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Mississippi ;  and  in  1869  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  with  the  degree  of  LL.D.  In  1889-92  he  was  chancellor 
of  the  university  of  Mississippi.  In  1895-1905  he  was  professor 
of  law  and  dean  of  law  school  in  Millsap's  college,  of  Jackson, 
Miss. ;  and  is  also  a  prominent  attorney  of  that  state.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Life,  Times,  and  Speeches  of  Lucius  Q.  C.  Lamar; 
and  A  History  of  Higher  Education  in  Mississippi. 

McBryde,  John  McLaren,  educator,  college  president,  scientist, 
was  born  in  1841,  in  Abbeville,  S.C.  He  was  educated  at  the 
South  Carolina  college,  and  university  of  Virginia;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  Ph.D.,  Sc.D.  and  LL.D.  He  is  a  noted  edu 
cator  and  scientist  of  the  south;  during  1882-87  was  president 
South  Carolina  college;  during  1887-91  was  president  university 
of  South  Carolina;  and  since  1891  has  been  president  Virginia 
polytechnic  institute  of  Blacksburg,  Va.  In  1893  he  declined  the 
position  of  assistant  secretary  of  agriculture  tendered  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland;  and  in  1904  also  declined  the  presidency  of  the 
university  of  Virginia ;  and  resides  in  Blacksburg,  Va. 

McCandless,  J.  Guy,  member  grand  army  of  the  republic,  was 
born  Jan.  1,  1839,  in  Perrysville,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Jefferson  medical  college;  and  is  a  successful  practicing  phy 
sician  of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  state  board  of  medical  examiners ;  for  fourteen  years  surgeon 
to  the  Pennsylvania  national  guard;  and  for  ten  years  was  health 
physician  for  the  city  of  Pittsburgh.  He  has  been  director  depart 
ment  of  public  works  of  Pittsburgh ;  and  has  held  various  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member  of  Pennsylvania 


258  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Post  No.  3,  grand  army  of  the  republic ;  and  resides  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 

McCarthy,  Patrick  Joseph,  counselor  at  law  of  Providence, 
R.I.,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1848,  in  County  Sligo,  Ireland.  He  was 
educated  in  the  day  and  night  schools  of  Boston,  Somerville  and 
Cambridge,  Mass. ;  and  in  1876  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
LL.B.  from  the  Harvard  university  law  school.  In  1890,  1892  and 
1894  he  was  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Providence,  R.I. ;  in 
1893-94  and  1903  was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  state  legis 
lature;  and  in  1907-08  was  mayor  of  Providence,  R.I.  He  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  buisness  and  public  affairs  of  his 
city,  is  a  member  of  the  republican  party ;  and  resides  in  Provi 
dence,  R.I. 

McCook,  John  James,  attorney-at-law  of  New  York  city,  was 
born  May  25,  1845,  in  Carrollton,  Ohio.  He  is  the  youngest  son  of 
the  Ohio  family  known  as  the  fighting  McCooks,  consisting  of  a 
father  and  nine  sons,  who  with  five  cousins  were  all  officers  in  the 
civil  war.  He  enlisted  in  the  fifty-second  regiment  Ohio  infantry ; 
and  was  later  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the  sixth  Ohio  cavalry 
and  captain  a  A.D.C.  of  the  United  States  volunteers ;  and  served 
in  the  campaigns  of  Perryville,  Stone  River,  Chattanooga  and 
Chickamauga,  and  in  General  Grant's  campaign  with  the  army  of 
the  Potomac.  In  1864  he  was  severely  wounded  at  Shady  Grove, 
Va. ;  and  was  mustered  out  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers. 
He  re-entered  Kenyon  college,  and  in  1866  graduated  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.B. ;  in  1869  graduated  from  Harvard  law  school ;  and 
has  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Princeton  university  and 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  university  of  Kansas  and  from  La- 
Fayette  college.  He  was  invited  to  a  place  in  President  McKin- 
ley's  first  cabinet;  and  during  the  Spanish- American  war  was 
chairman  of  the  army  and  navy  Christian  commission  of  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  He  is  an  eminent  member  of  the  bar  of  New  York  city ;  a 
director  of  Princeton  theological  seminary;  a  trustee  of  Kenyon 
college ;  and  a  member  of  numerous  clubs  and  societies ;  and  re 
sides  in  New  York  city. 

McCormick,  Andrew  Phelps,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  Dec.  18,  1832,  in  Brazoria  county,  Texas.  He  was  judge 
of  probate  in  Brazoria  county,  Texas,  in  1865  and  1866 ;  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  conventions  of  1866  and  1868  ; 
and  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  from  1871  to  1876.  He  was 
state  senator  from  1876  to  1879.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  northern  district  of  Texas,  and  re 
signed  as  senator  to  enter  upon  his  judicial  duties.  Since  1892  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United 
States;  and  resides  in  Dallas,  Tex. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  259 

McCormick,  Andrew  Wilson,  soldier,  jurist,  lawyer,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1830,  in  Waynesburg,  Pa.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the 
seventy-seventh  regiment,  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  and  was  brev- 
etted  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  for  gallantry.  He  has  attained 
eminence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Cincinnati ; 
has  been  an  eminent  jurist ;  and  is  a  successful  pension  attorney, 
with  offices  in  Cincinnati  and  Washington,  D.C. 

McCormick,  Robert  Laird,  lumber  manufacturer,  banker,  leg 
islator,  was  born  Oct.  29, 1847,  in  Clinton  county,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  at  the  Saunders  institute  of  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  a  successful  banker  and  lumber  manufacturer  of  Tacoma, 
Wash. ;  and  is  interested  in  a  dozen  lumber  corporations  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  twenty  million  dollars.  During  1881-82  he 
served  with  distinction  as  senator  in  the  Minnesota  state  legisla 
ture,  and  was  the  grand  commander  of  the  Minnesota  knights 
templar  in  1880-81.  In  1892  he  was  colonel  of  the  Wisconsin  di 
vision  sons  of  veterans ;  in  1900-03  was  president  of  the  state  his- 
torial  society  of  Wisconsin;  and  is  president  of  the  Washington 
state  historical  society.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Pacific  na 
tional  bank  of  Tacoma,  Wash.,  where  he  now  resides. 

McCreary,  James  Bennett,  United  States  senator  from  Ken 
tucky,  was  born  July  8,  1838,  in  Madison  county,  Ky.  At  the  be 
ginning  of  the  civil  war  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  confederate 
army  and  was  elected  major  of  the  eleventh  Kentucky  cavalry; 
and  at  the  time  of  the  surrender  of  the  confederate  forces  was 
lieutenant-colonel  of  his  regiment.  In  1869  he  was  elected  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Kentucky  legislature  and  was  twice  re-elected. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  speaker  and  was  re-elected  in  1873.  He 
was  elected  governor  of  Kentucky  in  1875,  and  served  four  years. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1903- 
09 ;  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Ky. 

McCreery,  James  W.,  lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  July  13, 
1849,  in  Indiana  county,  Pa.  In  1881  he  began  the  practice  of 
law  at  Greeley,  Colo. ;  and  has  made  specialties  of  irrigation  and 
corporation  laws.  In  1888-92  and  in  1896-1900  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Colorado  state  senate.  In  1892-99  he  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Colorado  state  normal  school ;  and  in 
1895-99  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  that  institution. 
He  is  a  lecturer  on  irrigation  laws  at  the  university  of  Colorado. 
McCulloch,  Philip  Doddridge,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman, 
was  born  June  23,  1851,  in  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  Andrew  college  of  Newton,  Tenn.  In 


260  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1872  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Trenton,  Tenn, ;  and  since 
1874  has  reside  and  practiced  his  profession  in  Marianna,  Ark. 
In  1878  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  first  judicial 
district  of  Arkansas;  and  was  re-elected  for  three  consecutive 
terms.  In  1888  he  was  a  presidential  elector.  In  1893-1903  he 
was  a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth  and  fifty-seventh  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on  rivers  and  harbors;  and 
was  active  in  the  interest  of  our  great  harbors  and  waterways. 
He  favored  the  deep  water  channel  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf 
when  the  project  was  first  submitted  to  the  river  and  harbor 
committee  of  congress ;  and  now  predicts  that  it  is  a  mere  matter 
of  time  that  Chicago  will  be  both  a  lake  and  gulf  port. 

McCurdy,  Irwin  Pounds,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  March 
23,  1856,  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  Pennsylvania  state  normal  school;  at  the  Washington 
and  Jefferson  college ;  at  the  university  of  Wooster,  and  gradu 
ated  from  Lafayette  college  from  which  he  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.B.,  A.M.  and  Litt.D.  He  was  a  student  at  Princeton 
theological  seminary  and  took  graduate  courses  at  the  Lafayette, 
Princeton  and  Johns  Hopkins  universities.  He  has  received  the 
degrees  of  L.D.,  Ph.D.,  Sc.D.,  L.H.D.,  PI.L.D.,  Philol.D.,  J.U.D.  and 
many  honorary  degrees.  In  1881-84  he  was  professor  of  Greek 
and  higher  mathematics  at  the  female  seminary  of  Frederic  City, 
Md  In  1881  he  was  ordained  to  the  presbyterian  ministry;  and 
has  filled  pastorates  at  Frederic  City,  Md. ;  Shrewsbury,  N.J. ; 
Kansas  City,  and  Philadelphia.  Since  1885  he  has  been  an  hon 
orary  pastor  for  life.  In  1897-99  he  was  editor  of  the  Weekly 
Reminder.  He  is  the  author  of  Style  and  Language  of  Edgar 
Allen  Poe ;  Lovely  Lafayette  and  Other  Poems ;  Christmas  Carols 
and  New  Year  Hymns;  Our  Country's  Glory;  Patriotic  Poems; 
and  Reginia-Saquehanna. 

McDermott,  Thomas  Jefferson,  lawyer,  orator,  writer,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1861,  in  Kasota,  Minn.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  district  school,  and  at  a  private  college; 
and  subsequently  attended  the  state  university  of  Minnesota, 
from  which  institution  he  was  a  graduate.  For  six  years  he  was  in 
the  United  States  postal  service ;  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  democratic  state  central  committee;  and  for 
two  years  was  chairman  of  the  democratic  state  central  commit 
tee.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers 
of  Minnesota,  and  has  a  large  practice  in  the  city  of  St.  Paul.  He 
is  a  brilliant  orator;  and  as  a  writer  has  contributed  valuable  arti 
cles  to  law  literature  and  the  periodical  press  generally. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  261 

McDonald,  Alexander,  president  Standard  oil  company  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  Murrayshare,  Scotland.  In  1851  he  came 
to  the  United  States;  and  located  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  In  1857 
he  engaged  in  business  in  Cincinnati ;  and  became  connected  with 
a  number  of  the  financial,  educational  and  charity  institutions 
of  that  city.  He  is  president  of  the  Standard  company  of  Ken 
tucky;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  other  large  corpora 
tions. 

McEniry,  Matthew  J.,  lawyer,  politician,  was  born  April  9, 
1858,  in  Zuma  township,  near  Moline,  111.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  St.  John's  college,  Notre  Dame  uni 
versity,  and  the  State  university  of  Michigan.  Since  1882  he  has 
continuously  been  a  member  of  the  democratic  committee,  and  a 
delegate  to  nearly  every  state  convention  of  his  party  since  1884. 
He  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  politcs  and  has  attained  success 
as  a  platform  speaker.  Since  1888  he  has  practiced  law  with  suc 
cess  in  Moline,  111.,  and  since  1894  has  been  postmaster  of  that 
city. 

McKee,  James  Anderson,  state  senator  of  California,  was  born 
June  6,  1854,  in  Crawford  county,  Pa.  He  received  a  thorough 
education  in  the  public  schools;  and  gradauted  from  the  Rush 
medical  college  of  Chicago,  and  from  the  California  medical  col 
lege.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  noted  physician  and  surgeon 
of  Sacramento,  Cal. ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  and 
scientific  associations  of  America.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Cali 
fornia  state  senate  for  the  seventh  district  for  the  term  of  1905- 
09;  and  is  chairman  of  committee  on  public  buildings  and 
grounds;  and  resides  in  Sacramento,  Cal. 

McKee,  Wood,  state  senator  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  Nov.  10, 
1866,  in  Paterson,  N.  J.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city;  and  at  Professor  MacMann's  academy.  He  has 
attained  success  at  the  bar  of  New  Jersey ;  in  1898-99  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  New  Jersey  state  legislature;  and  in  1895-98 
was  assistant  chairman  of  the  Passaic  county  committee.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  state  senate  from 
Passaic  county,  served  his  second  term  and  resides  in  Pater- 
son,  N.J. 

McKenna,  Maurice,  lawyer,  poet,  was  born  May  31,  1846,  in 
Springfield,  Mass.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  member 
of  company  I,  thirty-ninth  regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer  infan 
try.  As  a  lawyer  he  has  gained  a  good  reputation  as  one  of  the 
foremost  practitioners  in  his  state ;  practices  in  the  state  and 
federal  courts;  and  has  professional  engagements  in  Iowa,  Kan 
sas,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Minnesota.  For  six  years  he  was  clerk 
of  the  courts  of  record  in  Fond  du  Lac  county ;  and  served  eigh- 


262  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

teen  terms  as  supervisor  of  the  first  ward  of  the  city  of  Fond  du 
Lac,  and  for  ten  terms  was  chairman  of  said  board.  He  has  held 
numerous  positions  of  honor,  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  entitled  Elva  Lee,  and  Other  Poems;  and  a 
second  volume  which  was  published  in  1890  entitled  Poems, 
Rhymes  and  Verses.  His  productions  were  given  a  place  in  Poets 
of  America,  and  have  apepared  in  other  standard  works ;  and  he 
resides  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

McLaurin,  John  Frederick,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1864, 
in  Kemper  county,  Miss.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  and  attended  the  Wesling  college  of 
San  Augustine,  Tex.  He  has  attained  prominence  as  an  able 
lawyer  of  San  Augustine,  Texas ;  has  served  as  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Texas;  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  state. 

McMichael,  Charles  B.,  judge  court  of  common  pleas,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1872  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa. ;  and  in  1881-93  was  assistant  to  the  city  solicitor. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  History  of  the  Municipal  Law  of  Philadel 
phia.  Since  1895  he  has  been  judge  of  common  pleas;  was  re- 
elected  in  1906  for  a  second  term ;  and  is  now  president  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  number  three ;  and  resides  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

McMillen,  Listen,  lawyer,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Dec.  10, 
1847,  in  Richwood,  Ohio.  He  graduated  in  the  classical  course 
from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university  in  1867.  He  moved  to  Oska- 
loosa,  Iowa,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  there  in  1869.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  work  entitled  Christian  Hygiene,  which  treats  of 
the  principles  of  biblical  healing ;  and  a  drama  entitled  The  Star 
of  Optimism.  As  a  lecturer  he  has  appeared  in  his  one  favorite 
discourse  entitled  The  Proofs  of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ.  His 
legal  training  enables  him  to  handle  this  discussion  in  the  light 
of  the  common  law  rules  of  evidence — a  characteristic  feature 
that  draws  public  attention  to  the  speaker  and  his  theme. 

McMurphy,  Jesse  G.,  clergyman,  college  president,  author, 
poet,  was  born  April  8,  1845,  in  Derry,  N.H.  He  graduated  from 
the  Dartmouth  college  in  1868 ;  and  in  1873  from  the  Theological 
seminary  of  Nashotah,  Wis.  He  is  an  eminent  clergyman,  and 
founder  of  the  McMurphy  home  school  of  Racine,  Wis.  He  is  a 
well-known  writer  and  translator  of  verse  in  several  languages; 
and  his  writings  appear  in  numerous  standard  collections.  He 
married  Mary  Lucy  James  in  1870,  and  resides  with  his  family  at 
the  homestead  in  Derry,  N.H. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  263 

McNutt,  Samuel,  farmer,  educator,  lawyer,  journalist,  state 
senator,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1825,  in  Ireland,  of  Scotch  origin.  His 
boyhood  was  spent  on  a  farm  in  Delaware ;  and  he  was  educated 
at  the  Delaware  college.  He  then  engaged  in  educational  work; 
and  was  elected  president  of  the  New  Castle  county  teachers' 
association.  In  1851  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  In  1852  he  was  professor  of  the  Male  seminary  of  Hernando, 
Miss.,  and  in  1856  was  principal  of  the  public  school  of  Muscatine, 
Iowa.  The  same  year  he  was  editor  of  the  Times-Inquirer ;  during 
1856-59  was  associate  editor  of  the  Dubuque  Herald;  and  in  1861 
became  editor  of  the  Dubuque  Daily  Union.  From  1864  he  served 
six  years  as  a  representative  in  the  Iowa  state  legislature;  and 
during  1870-74  served  as  a  state  senator.  In  1884  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  farmers'  national  congress,  and  in  1890  was  appointed 
United  States  consul  to  Maracaibo,  Venezuela;  and  resides  in 
Muscatine,  Iowa. 

McPherson,  Smith,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Iowa,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1848,  in  Morgan  county,  Ind.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  state ;  attended  the  academy  of  Mooresville,  Ind. ;  and  grad 
uated  from  the  Iowa  state  university.  In  1874-80  he  was  state 
district  attorney  for  the  third  district  of  Iowa ;  and  in  1881-85  was 
attorney-general  of  Iowa.  In  1899-1900  he  was  a  member  of  con 
gress  from  Iowa ;  and  was  a  member  of  several  important  com 
mittees.  Since  1900  he  has  been  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  southern  district  of  Iowa ;  and  resides  in  Red  Oak,  Iowa. 

McWhirter,  Felix  T.,  member  prohibition  national  committee 
for  Indiana,  was  born  July  17,  1853,  in  Lynchburg,  Tenn.  In  1873 
he  graduated  from  the  East  Tennessee  Wesleyan  university,  now 
know  nas  the  Grant  memorial  university ;  and  received  the  degree 
of  A.M.  from  that  institution.  He  then  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  De  Pauw  university,  receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D. ; 
and  consequently  attended  the  Johns  Hopkins  university.  In 
1884-88  he  was  professor  of  English  literature  at  De  Pauw  uni 
versity.  In  1888-1900  he  was  a  real  estate  broker  of  Indianapo 
lis,  Ind. ;  and  since  1900  has  been  president  of  the  Peoples  state 
bank  of  Indianapolis.  In  1893-94  and  1896-98  he  was  chairman 
of  the  Indiana  state  prohibition  committee ;  and  now  treasurer  of 
the  national  prohibition  committee.  Since  1892  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  national  prohibition  committee  for  Indiana^ 
and  is  now  serving  his  term  of  1908-10;  and  resides  in  Indian 
apolis,  Ind. 

McWhorter,  Henry  Clay,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  "West  Virginia,  wras  born  Feb.  20,  1836,  in  Marion  county,  Ohio. 
In  1861-63  he  was  captain  in  the  union  army;  and  resigned  on 


264  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

account  of  wounds.  In  1863-65  he  was  chief  clerk  in  the  provost 
marshal's  enrollment  office.  In  1866  he  began  the  practice  of  law ; 
and  served  four  terms  as  a  representative  in  the  West  Virginia 
state  legislature.  In  1869-73  he  was  prosecuting  attorney;  and 
was  again  a  representative  in  the  West  Virginia  state  legislature 
in  1885  and  in  1887.  In  1891-93  he  was  postmaster  of  Charleston, 
W.Va.  Since  1897  he  has  been  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  ap 
peals  of  West  Virginia,  and  presiding  judge  since  1903;  and 
resides  in  Charleston,  W.Va. 

Me  Willie,  Thomas  Anderson,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  was  born 
July  18,  1849,  in  Kirkwood,  Miss.  He  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools ;  and  at  the  university  of  Mississippi.  In  1875  he  was 
admitted  to  the  practice  of  law ;  and  is  now  a  practicing  attorney 
of  Jackson,  Miss.  In  1880-81  he  was  a  member  of  the  Mississippi 
house  of  representatives ;  and  since  1875  has  been  reporter  to  the 
supreme  court  of  Mississippi.  In  1896-1904  he  was  a  trustee  of 
the  deaf  and  dumb  institute  of  Mississippi.  He  is  a  general  at 
torney  and  a  director  of  the  Alabama  and  Vicksburg  railroad 
company ;  local  attorney  of  the  Gulf  and  Ship  Island  railroad  com 
pany;  attorney  and  director  of  the  Delta  development  company; 
and  state  attorney  of  the  Pullman  company. 

Mead,  Albert  E.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Washington,  was 
born  Dec.  14,  1861,  in  Manhattan,  Kan.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Kansas,  Illinois,  and  Iowa ;  attended  the  South 
ern  Illinois  normal  university;  and  graduated  from  the  Chicago 
Union  college  of  law.  He  has  twice  been  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Whatcom  county,  Wash. ;  and  practiced  law  in  Bellingham,  Wash. 
In  1889  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  state  convention  of  Wash 
ington  ;  and  in  1893  was  a  representative  in  the  Washington  state 
legislature.  He  is  the  governor  of  the  state  of  Washington  for 
the  term  of  1905-09 ;  and  resides  in  Olympia,  Wash. 

Mead,  Elizabeth  Storrs,  educated,  college  president,  was  born 
in  1832  in  Conway,  Mass.  She  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  seminary  of  Ipswich,  Mass.  She  has  received 
the  degrees  of  M.A.  from  Oberlin  college  and  L.H.D.  from  Smith 
college.  For  one  year  she  taught  in  the  high  school  of  North 
ampton,  Mass.  For  two  years  she  taught  in  Oberlin  college ;  and 
for  six  years  taught  at  Abbott  academy  of  Andover,  Mass.  For 
six  years  she  conducted  a  family  school  with  a  sister  at  Andover, 
Mass.  In  1890-1900  she  was  president  of  Mount  Holyoke  college. 
She  is  the  wife  of  the  late  Reverend  Hiram  Mead. 

Meldrim,  Peter  W.,  general  Georgia  national  guard,  was  born 
Dec.  4,  1848,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  atended  the  Chatham  academy; 
and  graduated  from  the  university  of  Georgia  with  the  degrees 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  265 

of  A.B.  and  A.M.  He  has  been  mayor  of  his  native  city;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Georgia  state  legislature;  and  served  with  distinction 
as  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  university  of  Georgia ;  and  president  of  the  Georgia 
state  bar  association.  He  is  president  of  the  alumni  society  of  the 
university  of  Georgia;  and  is  prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and  state.  He  is  colonel  and  brevet  brigadier- 
general  of  the  first  cavalry  Georgia  national  guard;  and  resides 
in  Savannah,  Ga. 

Mell,  Patrick  Hues,  president  Clemson  agricultural  college  of 
South  Carolina,  was  born  May  24,  1850,  in  Penfield,  Ga.  In  1871 
he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Georgia ;  took  post-graduate 
work;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  M.E.,  Ph.D.  and 
LL.D.  In  1874-77  he  was  state  chemist  of  Georgia ;  and  in  1878- 
1902  was  professor  of  geology  and  botany  at  the  Alabama  poly 
technic  institute.  In  1884-93  he  was  director  of  the  Alabama 
weather  service;  and  in  1898-1902  was  director  of  the  Alabama 
agricultural  experiment  station.  He  is  the  author  of  Wild  Grasses 
of  Alabama;  Botanical  Laboratory  Guide;  and  other  works.  He 
invented  a  system  of  weather  signals  now  used  by  the  United 
States  weather  bureau.  Since  1902  he  has  been  president  of  Clem- 
son  agricultural  college  of  South  Carolina. 

Melville,  Henry,  soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug.  25, 
1858,  in  Nelson,  N.H.  He  was  associated  with  Roscoe  Conkling 
until  the  latter 's  death.  In  1898  he  was  captain  of  company  A, 
eighth  regiment  New  York  volunteers  in  service  during  the  war 
with  Spain.  He  is  president  of  the  New  York  state  board  of  man 
agers  of  reformatories,  having  in  charge  the  institutions  at  El- 
mira  and  Napanock.  He  is  the  author  of  Ancestry  of  John  Whit 
ney. 

Mercer,  Alfred  Clifford,  physician,  author,  was  born  July  5, 
1855,  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.  In  1878  he  graduated  from  Syracuse  uni 
versity  with  the  degree  of  M.D. ;  in  1878-80  he  was  a  post-graduate 
at  St.  Thomas's  hospital  of  London,  England;  and  was  also  a 
student  at  Great  Ormond  street  hospital  for  sick  children  at 
Syracuse,  N.Y.  In  1893-1904  he  was  professor  of  clinical  pedi 
atrics;  and  since  1904  has  been  professor  of  pediatrics  at  Syra 
cuse  university.  In  1896  he  was  president  oi!  the  American  micro 
scopic  society.  He  is  the  author  of  An  Experimental  Study  of 
Aperture  as  a  Factor  in  Microscopic  Vision;  and  other  works. 

Mercer,  David  Henry,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  July  9, 
1857,  in  Benton  county,  Iowa.  He  studied  law  one  year  and  then 
entered  the  senior  class  of  the  law  department  of  Michigan  state 
university,  graduating  in  1882,  after  which  he  returned  to  Brown- 
ville  to  practice  his  profession.  He  served  one  term  as  city  clerk 


266  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  police  judge ;  and  was  twice  elected  secretary  of  the  repub 
lican  state  central  committee.  He  moved  to  Omaha  in  1885  and 
for  several  years  was  chairman  of  the  republican  city  and  county 
committees  j  and  was  elected  secretary  of  the  national  republican 
congressional  committee  in  1896.  In  1893-1903  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  and  re- 
elected  to  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth  and  fifty-seventh  congresses 
as  a  republican. 

Mercur,  Rodney  Augustus,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept.  29, 
1851,  in  Towanda,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  Phillips  Exeter  acad 
emy  and  from  Harvard  university.  In  1875  he  began  the  practice 
of  lawr ;  and  in  1877-79  was  register  in  bankruptcy  for  the  western 
district  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  director  of  the  Towanda  gas  com 
pany  ;  director  of  the  Towanda  cemetery  association ;  and  a  trus 
tee  of  the  Robert  Packer  hospital  of  Sayre,  Pa.  He  was  commis 
sioner  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  World's  Columbian  exposition; 
and  in  1904  was  United  States  delegate  to  the  universal  congress 
of  lawyer  and  jurists. 

Meserve,  Charles  Francis,  educator,  lecturer,  college  president, 
was  born  July  15,  1850,  in  North  Abington,  Mass.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town;  attended  the  classical  institute  of  Waterville,  Maine;  and 
in  1877  graduated  from  Colby  university,  from  which  institution 
he  has  received  the  degree  of  A.B.,  A.M.  and  LL.D.  In  1877-85 
he  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at  Rockland,  Mass. ;  in  1885- 
88  was  principal  of  the  Oak  street  school  at  Springfield,  Mass. ; 
and  in  1889-94  was  superintendent  of  Haskell  institute  of  the 
United  States  Indian  industrial  training  school  at  Lawrence, 
Kan.  Since  1894  he  has  been  president  of  Shaw  university  of 
Raleigh,  N.C.  He  has  lectured  extensively  on  Negro  and  Indian 
problems;  and  in  1896  was  agent  for  the  national  Indian  rights 
association. 

Merritt,  Hulett  Clinton,  railroad  president,  financier,  was  born 
Aug.  17,  1872,  in  Duluth,  Minn.  He  is  a  stockholder  of  the  United 
States  steel  corporation ;  and  is  president  of  several  gas  and  elec 
tric  light  power  plants.  He  is  president  and  treasurer  of  the 
Santa  Barbara  consolidated  railroad  company;  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  Merritt  banking  and  mercantile  company;  and  is 
president  of  other  mercantile,  banking  and  financial  corporations 

Metcalf,  Edwin  D.,  manufacturer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
March  4,  1848,  in  Smithfield,  R.I.  He  is  president  of  the  Colum 
bian  rope  company ;  is  president  of  the  Auburn  and  northern  rail 
road;  and  president  and  director  of  various  other  corporations. 
He  has  been  mayor  of  Springfield,  Mass. ;  was  a  representative  in 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature;  and  a  member  of  the  state 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  267 

senate.  For  three  years  he  was  on  the  staff  of  Governor  George 
D.  Robinson ;  and  was  assistant  quartermaster-general  Massachu 
setts  volunteers. 

Metcalf e,  Henry,  captain  United  States  army,  educator,  author, 
was  born  Oct.  29,  1847,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  an  instructor 
of  ordnance  at  West  Point ;  has  published  The  Cost  of  Manufac 
tures  ;  and  Ordnance  and  Gunnery. 

Metzger,  M.  C.,  vice-president  state  board  of  pharmacy  of  Illi 
nois,  was  born  June  9,  1855,  in  Bridgeport,  N.Y.  He  is  a  success 
ful  druggist  and  business  man  of  Cairo,  111. ;  and  prominently 
identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  state  board  of  pharmacy  of  Illinois  and  vice-presi 
dent  in  1901-07;  and  resides  in  Cairo. 

Michener,  Louis  Theodore,  lawyer,  government  official,  was 
born  Dec.  21,  1848,  in  Lafayette  county,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in 
public  schools  of  La  Fayette  county,  Ind.;  and  in  1867-68  was  a 
student  of  the  college  at  Brookville,  Ind.  He  studied  law;  and  in 
1871  was  admitted  to  practice.  In  1883  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
national  educational  convention  at  Louisville,  Ky. ;  and  in  1884 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican  convention  at  Chicago, 
111.  In  1884-92  he  was  political  manager  of  General  Benjamin 
Harrison.  In  1884-86  he  was  secretary  of  the  republican  state 
committee  of  Indiana.  In  1890  he  was  chairman  of  the  state 
republican  committee  of  Indiana. 

Mickle,  William  English,  adjutant-general  United  confederate 
veterans,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1846,  in  Columbia,  S.C.  In  1864  he 
left  school  to  enlist  in  company  A,  third  regiment  Alabama  in 
fantry  of  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia ;  was  severely  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek ;  and  wras  retired  for  disability  from 
wounds.  He  then  taught  school;  became  principal  of  the  Boys' 
senior  grammar  school  of  Mobile,  Ala. ;  and  subsequently  engaged 
in  business  in  that  city.  For  several  years  he  has  been  pension 
examiner  of  Alabama.  In  1873-80  he  was  secretary  of  the  agri 
cultural,  mechanical  and  horticultural  association  of  Mobile ;  and 
in  1880-84  was  secretary  of  the  Mobile  fair  association ;  and  resides 
in  Mobile,  Ala. 

Millard,  Frank  Bailey,  editor,  author,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1859,  in 
Markesan,  Wis.  He  was  educated  in  the  state  normal  school  at 
Mankato,  Minn.  He  was  literary  editor  of  the  San  Francisco 
Examiner;  and  is  now  editor  of  the  Cosmopolitan  Magazine  of 
New  York  City.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Lure  of  Gold;  Peter 
Oak ;  She  of  the  West ;  and  Songs  of  the  Press. 

Miller,  Charles  Augustine,  printer,  legislator,  was  born  June 
28,  1850,  in  Harirsburg,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools ;  attended  the  Harisburg  institute ; 


268  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  Harrisburg  academy  and  also  St.  Charles  college  of  EUicott 
City,  Md.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Harrisburg  select  and 
common  councils,  has  been  president  of  the  common  council ;  and 
in  1885  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  house  of  rep 
resentatives.  He  is  now  city  clerk  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. ;  and  takes 
a  prominent  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state. 

Miller,  Daniel  McLaw,  physician,  surgeon.  In  1856  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  New  York 
city.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Waukesha  county  medical 
society;  and  is  a  member  of  the  American  medical  association 
and  other  medical  societies.  He  has  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession  at  Oconomowoc,  Wis. ;  and  is  medical  examiner  of  the 
New  York  and  Northwestern  mutual  life  insurance  companies. 

Miller,  James  Henry,  judge  circuit  court  of  West  Virginia,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  in  Greenbrier  county,  Va.  For  sixteen  years  he  was 
prosecuting  attorney.  In  1900-04  he  was  chairman  of  the  state 
democratic  committee.  In  1902  he  was  democratic  candidate  for 
congress.  In  1904  he  became  judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  circuit 
court  of  West  Virginia ;  and  resides  in  Hinton,  W.Va. 

Miller,  Hugh  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1866,  in 
Genoa,  Minn.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  public  school ; 
was  engaged  in  educational  work  for  five  years ;  and  subsequently 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Michigan  with  the  degree  of 
LL.B.  He  has  attained  success  as  a  lawyer  in  Livingston,  Mont. ; 
has  been  county  attorney  of  Park  county  during  1891-94 ;  and  has 
held  various  other  public  positions  of  trust.  On  April  19,  1897. 
Gov.  Robert  B.  Smith  apointed  him  judge  advocate  of  Montana, 
with  the  rank  of  major,  on  his  official  staff. 

Miller,  Thomas  Condit,  principal  Shepherd  college  state  nor 
mal  school,  was  born  July  19,  1848,  in  Fairmont,  Va.,  now  W.Va. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Fairmont  academy;  studied  in  the  Fair 
mont  normal  school ;  and  graduated  from  Adrian  college  of  Michi 
gan.  For  four  years  he  taught  in  country  schools;  for  twenty- 
two  years  was  principal  of  Fairmont  high  school ;  for  eight  years 
was  professor  in  the  West  Virginia  university;  and  for  eight 
years  served  as  state  superintendent  of  schools.  In  1901-09  he 
was  state  superintendent  of  public  schools  of  West  Virginia ;  and 
since  1909  has  been  principal  of  the  Shepherd  college  state  normal 
school  of  Shepherdstown,  W.Va. 

Miller,  William  G.,  state  representative  of  New  York,  was 
born  Feb.  2,  1853,  in  village  of  Brookhaven.  Suffolk  county,  N.Y. 
He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  state  and 
under  private  tutors.  He  is  interested  in  real  estate,  a  successful 
builder  and  general  contractor  of  Freeport,  N.Y. ;  and  prominent- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  269 

ly  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  For 
seven  terms  he  was  president  of  the  village  of  Freeport;  president 
of  insurance  company ;  director  of  Freeport  bank ;  director  of  the 
Bushwick  bank  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ;  and  director  in  various  other 
banks  and  corporations.  Since  1904  he  has  been  a  representative 
in  the  New  York  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Freeport,  N.Y. 

Millet,  Joshua  Howard,  lawyer,  legislator,  manuf acurer,  found 
er,  was  born  March  17,  1842,  in  Cherryfield,  Maine.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Hebron  academy  and  Colby  college ;  and  has  received  the 
degrees  of  A.B.,  and  A.M.  In  1870  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
practiced  in  state  and  federal  courts  of  Massachusetts;  and  in 
1884  was  admitted  to  the  United  States  supreme  court.  He  has 
held  various  municipal  offices  in  Maiden,  Mass. ;  and  in  1884-85 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature.  He  is  con 
nected  with  many  charitable  and  social  organizations.  He  is  pres 
ident  of  the  Crosby  steam  gauge  and  valve  company,  a  Massachu 
setts  manufacturing  corporation  with  stores  in  Boston,  New 
York,  Chicago  and  London;  and  resides  in  Maiden,  Mass. 

Mills,  Darius  Ogden,  banker,  financier,  philanthropist,  was 
born  Sept.  25,  1825,  in  North  Salem,  N.Y.  In  1849  he  went  to  Cali 
fornia;  became  a  merchant  and  dealer  in  exchanges  in  Sacra 
mento;  founded  the  bank  of  D.  0.  Mills  and  company,  still  the 
leading  bank  there.  For  many  years  he  was  president  of  the  bank 
of  California,  in  San  Francisco,  and  placed  that  institution  on  a 
sound  basis.  Since  1880  he  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
financial  and  philanthropic  enterprises  of  New  York  city ;  has  in 
vested  largely  in  real  estate  there ;  and  is  a  director  in  eighteen 
large  New  York  corporations ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

Mills,  Edmund  Mead,  clergyman,  founder,  author,  was  born 
July  17,  1848,  in  Ottawa,  Canada.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  California ;  graduated  from 
Wesleyan  university ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  A.M., 
D.D.,  and  Ph.D.  He  has  filled  pastorates  at  Penn  Yan,  Ithaca, 
Syracuse  and  Elmira;  and  was  presiding  elder  in  1896-99.  He 
built  Brown  memorial  church  of  Syracuse  and  built  First  church 
of  Elmira,  N.Y.  In  1899  he  was  appointed  secretary  to  the  twen 
tieth  century  thank  offering  fund  and  as  such  officer  traveled  in 
every  state  but  four  and  every  territory  but  one,  and  raised  over 
twenty  million  dolars.  He  was  secretary  of  his  conference  for 
twelve  years;  and  in  1896-1900  was  vice-president  of  Epworth 
league.  Since  1888  he  has  been  a  delegate  to  all  the  general  con 
ferences  of  the  methodist  episcopal  church ;  and  in  1905  was  pre 
siding  elder  of  the  Geneva  district  of  the  central  New  York  con 
ference.  He  is  an  expert  in  rose  culture.  He  is  the  author  of  As 
He  Thinketh ;  and  Only  a  Profession ;  and  Other  Sermons. 


270  PEOGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Mires,  Austin,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1852, 
in  Des  Moines  county,  Iowa.  In  1853  he  crossed  the  plains  with 
his  parents,  and  resided  in  Douglas  county,  Ore.,  until  1873.  He 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Michigan, 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  For  many  years  he  taught  school ;  was 
mail  agent  for  three  years ;  and  served  as  chief  clerk  of  the  Ore 
gon  state  senate.  Since  1883  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  Ellensburg,  Wash. ;  has  been  mayor  of  that  city,  city 
treasurer,  and  city  attorney.  He  was  a  delegate  from  his  county 
to  the  constitutional  convention  that  framed  the  constitution  for 
the  state  of  Washington.  For  three  years  he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  board  of  equalization  and  appeals;  and  for  seven  years 
was  vice-president  of  the  Ellensburg  National  bank ;  and  resides 
in  Ellensburg,  Wash. 

Mitchell,  Asahel  W.,  business  man,  state  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1865,  in  Woodbury,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at  the  Par 
ker  academy  of  Woodbury,  Conn.  He  is  superintendent  of  the 
Woodbury  water  company;  and  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  his  native  city.  Since  1895  he  has 
been  town  clerk ;  in  1897-98  was  a  representative  in  the  Connecti 
cut  state  legislature ;  and  in  1899-1900  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
necticut  state  senate.  He  was  comptroller  of  Connecticut  for  the 
term  of  1905-06 ;  and  resides  in  Woodbury,  Conn. 

Mitchell,  James  Tyndale,  chief-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1834,  in  Belleville,  111.  He  grad 
uated  from  Harvard  university  and  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania  law  school.  During  1862-87  he  was  editor-in-chief  of  the 
American  Law  Register;  in  1871-88  was  judge  of  district  court 
at  Philadelphia;  and  since  1889  has  been  justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  provost  of  the  law  academy  of  Phil 
adelphia;  and  president  of  the  council  of  the  Pennsylvania  his 
torical  society.  He  is  the  author  of  A  History  of  the  District 
Court;  Mitchell  on  Motions  and  Rules;  and  other  works.  In 
1889-1903  he  was  associate-justice  and  since  1903  has  been  chief 
justice  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1903-10 ;  and  resides  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Moffat,  James  David,  clergyman,  college  president,  was  born 
March  15,  1846,  in  New  Lisbon,  Ohio.  In  1871-82  he  was  pastor 
of  the  second  Presbyterian  church  at  Wheeling,  W.Va.  In  1893- 
1906  he  was  assistant  editor  of  the  Presbyterian  Banner.  Since 
1882  he  has  been  president  of  Washington  Jefferson  College  at 
Washington,  Pa.,  and  in  1905-06  was  Moderator  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A. 

Malone,  Dana,  attorney-general  for  the  state  of  Massachusetts, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1857,  in  New  York.  He  was  educated  in  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  271 

public  schools  of  Massachusetts;  and  at  the  Harvard  law  school. 
He  soon  attained  success  at  the  bar ;  for  six  years  was  trial  justice 
of  Franklin  county,  Mass.,  and  for  six  years  was  district  attorney 
for  the  northwestern  district  of  Massachusetts.  For  two  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  the  state  legislature ;  for  two 
years  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  senate;  and  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  of  both  branches.  Tie  is 
attorney-general  for  the  state  of  Massachusetts ;  is  now  serving 
his  fifth  term  of  1910-11;  and  resides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Mondell,  Frank  Wheeler,  congressman,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1860, 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  a  successful  discoverer,  developer,  and 
manager  of  extensive  coal  interests  at  Newcastle,  Wyo.,  of  which 
city  he  has  served  five  times  as  mayor.  He  attended  the  local 
district  schools  of  Iowa;  and  received  instruction  in  the  higher 
branches  from  a  private  tutor.  He  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits  and  in  railway  construction  in  various  western  states  and 
territories;  and  settled  in  Wyoming  in  1887.  He  was  elected 
mayor  of  the  new  town  of  Newcastle  in  1888,  and  served  until 
1895.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  state  senate  in  1890 ; 
and  served  as  president  of  that  body  at  the  session  of  1892.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention  at  Minne 
apolis  in  1892.  In  1897  he  was  appointed  assistant  commissioner 
of  the  general  land  office.  In  1885-87  and  1899-1911  he  was  a 
representative  from  AVyoming  to  the  forty-ninth,  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-sev 
enth,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses. 

Montgomery,  Edmund  Duncan,  physician,  biologist,  author, 
was  born  March  19,  1835,  in  Scotland.  He  was  educated  in  the 
university  of  Heidelberg ;  at  Berlin,  Bonn>  and  Wurzburg ;  and 
in  1858  graduated  from  the  university  of  Prague  as  M.D.  In 
1859  he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Vienna ;  and  in  1861 
became  a  member  of  the  Royal  college  of  physicians  of  London, 
England.  In  1860-61  was  resident  physician  of  the  German  hos 
pital  of  London.  In  1861-62  was  medical  attendant  at  Bermond- 
sey  dispensary  and  at  the  poor  district;  and  in  1861-64  was  path 
ologist  of  St.  Thomas'  hospital  of  London,  England.  In  1865-70 
he  practiced  medicne  in  Madeira,  Mentone  and  Rome ;  and  since 
1872  has  practiced  his  profession  at  Hempsead,  Texas.  He  has 
been  extensively  engaged  in  original  investigations  in  biology 
and  philosophy,  particularly  in  regard  to  the  vital  functions  of  an 
organization  of  the  living  substance,  protoplasm,  and  the  biolog 
ical  explanation  of  philosophical  problems.  He  is  the  author  of 
Refutation  of  Kantean  Theory  of  Knowledge ;  and  other  medical 
Monographs. 


272  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Montgomery,  J.  T.,  vice-president  Illinois  board  of  agriculture, 
was  born  in  Greenfield,  Mo.  He  is  a  successful  physician  of 
Charleston,  111. ;  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  republican  party. 
This  noted  physician  has  made  a  specialty  of  surgery;  is  local 
physician  for  the  Big  Four  railway  and  for  the  Mattoon  city  rail 
way;  and  for  twelve  years  has  conducted  the  Charleston  sani 
tarium,  a  private  general  hospital.  For  twenty-one  years  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of  his  home  town,  of 
which  he  is  now  president.  Since  1897  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  library  board.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Illinois  board  of 
agriculture ;  is  now  serving  his  third  term  of  1908-10 ;  and  resides 
in  Charleston,  111. 

Montgomery,  John  Alexander,  consulting  engineer  of  Ala 
bama,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1851,  in  Lewisburg,  Va.  He  has  been 
division  enginer  of  the  C.  and  0.  railroad ;  director  and  construct 
ing  engineer  to  the  Georgia  Pacific  railroad ;  president  of  the  M. 
L.  Coal  and  Railroad  company ;  receiver  of  the  Birmingham  Pow- 
derly  and  Bessemer  railroad;  chief  engineer  of  the  Birmingham 
and  Atlantic  railroad ;  president  of  the  Leeds  company ;  vice-pres 
ident  Leeds  Improvement  company,  and  is  now  an  eminent  con 
sulting  engineer  of  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Montgomery,  Thomas  Lynch,  state  librarian  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  March  4,  1862,  in  Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He 
was  educated  at  the  Episcopal  academy ;  and  at  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  In  1886-1903  he  was  actuary  and  librarian  to  the 
Wagner  free  institute  of  science ;  and  since  1903  has  been  state 
librarian  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  free  library  of 
Philadelphia;  a  life  member  of  the  Historical  society  of  Penn 
sylvania;  a  life  member  of  the  American  library  association;  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Wyoming  historical  and  geological  so 
ciety;  and  the  Dauphin  county  historical  society.  He  is  state 
librarian  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1903-10.  He  is  a  trus 
tee  of  the  Free  library  of  Philadelphia ;  and  a  life  member  of  the 
Historical  society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Montgomery,  Thomas  McBurney,  conveyancer,  real  estate 
broker,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1831,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  private  and  public  and  gram 
mar  schools ;  and  in  1849  graduated  from  the  Central  high  school 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  the 
profession  of  conveyancer  and  real  estate  law  in  the  firm  of  Lu- 
kens  and  Montgomery,  which  firm  continued  for  forty-seven  years 
until  the  death  of  Mr.  Lukens  in  1901;  and  since  that  time  the 
business  has  been  conducted  under  the  name  of  the  junior  part 
ner,  Thomas  M.  Montgomery.  For  many  years  he  was  a  director 
of  the  Kensington  national  bank;  and  is  now  a  member  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  273 

board  of  managers  of  the  Real  Estate,  Title  Insurance  and  Trust 
company,  which  is  the  first  one  of  these  companies  ever  organ 
ized  in  the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Montoya,  Nestor,  member  territorial  council  of  New  Mexico, 
was  born  April  14,  1860,  in  Albuquerque,  N.M.  He  was  educated 
at  St.  Michaels  college  of  Santa  Fe,  N.M.  He  is  a  distinguished 
linguist ;  and  editor  of  La  Bandera  Americana,  a  weekly  Spanish 
paper  published  in  Albluquerque,  N.M.  In  1903-04  was  speaker 
of  the  house  of  representatives  in  the  thirty-fifth  territorial  leg 
islative  assembly ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor.  In  1905  he  became  a  member  of  the  territorial  coun 
cil  of  New  Mexico  for  Bernalillo  county;  and  resides  in  Albu 
querque,  N.M. 

Moody,  Gideon  C.,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  sena 
tor,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1832,  in  Cortland,  N.Y.  He  moved  to  Da 
kota  in  1864;  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representaives  of 
Dakota  territory  in  1867-69,  and  in  1874 ;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house  in  1868-69  and  in  1874.  He  was  appointed  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Dakota  territory  in  1878,  and  served  as 
such  until  April  1,  1883.  He  was  elected  by  the  legislature  which 
assembled  under  the  constitution  of  1885  as  one  of  the  United 
States  senators  for  the  state  of  South  Dakota ;  was  again  elected 
one  of  the  United  States  senators  for  the  state  of  South  Dakota 
in  1889,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  congress  admitting 
South  Dakota  and  other  states  into  the  union.  He  took  his  seat 
Dec.  2,  1889;  his  term  of  service  expired  March  3,  1891. 

Moody,  Malcolm  Adelbert,  merchant,  banker,  congressman, 
was  born  Nov.  30,  1854,  in  Brownsville,  Ore.  He  entered  business 
at  The  Dalles  with  his  father,  Zenas  F.  Moody,  a  former  governor 
of  Oregon.  In  1887  the  mercantile  business  was  merged  into  the 
Dalles  national  bank,  of  which  he  was  elected  cashier.  In  1885-89 
he  was  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  The  Dalles ;  and  in  1889 
was  elected  mayor,  serving  two  terms.  In  1899-1902  he  was  a 
representative  from  Oregon  to  the  fifty-sixth  and  fifty-seventh 
congresses  as  a  republican. 

Moody,  William  Lewis,  soldier,  merchant,  state  legislator,  was 
born  May  19,  1828,  in  Essex  county,  Va.  In  1866  he  removed  to 
Galveston  and  enterd  the  cotton  factorage  business,  his  firm  now 
being  W.  L.  Moody  and  company.  He  was  president  of  the  Gal 
veston  cotton  exchange  for  thirten  years.  In  1874  he  was  elected 
a  represntative  to  the  Texas  legislature  and  during  the  same  ses 
sion  became  finacial  agent  for  Texas,  for  the  sale  of  its  bonds, 
and  as  such  sucessfully  negotiated  the  loan;  and  resides  in  Gal 
veston,  Tex. 


274  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Moorhead,  John,  manufacturer,  business  president,  was  born 
April  28,  1859,  in  Pitsburg,  Pa.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
"Western  university,  and  at  Phillips  academy  of  Andover,  Mass.; 
and  in  1880  graduated  from  Yale  university.  He  became  a  part 
ner  of  Moorehead  brothers  and  company,  manufacturers  of  iron 
and  steel;  and  he  is  now  president  of  that  corporation.  He  has 
been  proimnently  identified  with  various  business  interests  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  and  director  of  the  Exchange  national  bank  and 
other  corporations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  academy  of  science 
and  arts;  and  a  member  of  the  leading  clubs  and  societies.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  a  guarantor  of  the  Pittsburg  orchestra; 
and  has  always  been  interested  in  the  business  and  public  wel 
fare  of  his  city  and  state ;  and  resides  in  Allegheny,  Pa. 

Moot,  Adelbert,  lawyer,  state  comimssioner,  was  born  Nov. 
22,  1854,  in  Allen,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  high 
and  state  normal  schools ;  and  in  1876  graduated  from  the  Albany 
law  school.  Since  1879  he  has  been  in  the  active  practice  of  law 
at  Nunda  and  Buffalo,  N.Y. :  and  is  now  senior  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Moot,  Sprague,  Brownell  and  Marcy.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Unitarian  conference  for  the  middle  states  and 
Canada ;  and  is  now  one  of  five  commissioners  to  revise  and  con 
solidate  the  statutes  of  New  York  state. 

Morehead,  John  Motley,  manufacturer,  was  born  July  20, 
1866,  in  Charlotte,  N.C.  He  was  educated  in  the  primary  schools 
of  his  native  city;  and  at  the  Bingham  military  school  of  North 
Carolina.  In  1886  graduated  from  the  university  of  North  Caro 
lina  with  the  degree  of  A.B. ;  and  took  a  business  course  in  Bryant 
and  Stratton  business  college  of  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  a  buyer 
and  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  at  Durham,  N.C. ;  and  is  owner  of  the 
Phifer  farm  in  Cabarrus  county,  N.C.  He  is  vice-president  of  the 
Leaksville  woolen  mills  at  Spray,  N.C. ;  and  is  interested  in  man 
ufacturing  and  farming.  In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

Morey,  William  Carey,  soldier,  educator,  author,  was  born 
May  23,  1843,  in  North  Attleborough,  Mass.  In  the  civil  war  he 
served  as  lieutenant  colonel.  He  is  a  noted  educator  of  Roches 
ter,  N.Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Rome  and  the  Provinces ;  govern 
ment  of  New  York ;  and  Outlines  of  Ancient  History. 

Morgan,  Charles  Hill,  manufacturer,  mechanical  engineer, 
was  born  in  January,  1831,  in  Rochester,  N.Y.  Since  1887  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Morgan  construction  company ;  and  is  pres 
ident  of  the  Morgan  spring  and  wire  company.  He  is  president 
of  the  American  society  of  mechanical  engineers ;  and  is  director 
of  the  First  national  bank  of  Worcester,  Mass. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  275 

Morgan,  Daniel  Nash,  merchant,  banker,  statesman,  was  born 
Aug.  18,  1844,  in  Newtown,  Conn.  In  1869-80  he  was  engaged  in 
the  dry  goods  and  carpet  business  in  Bridgeport;  and  in  1879-93 
was  president  of  the  City  national  bank  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
For  ten  years  he  was  president  of  the  Mechanics'  and  farmers' 
savings  bank  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  and  since  1907  has  been  pres 
ident  of  the  United  States  trust  company  at  Washington,  D.C.  In 
1880-84  he  was  mayor  of  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  in  1883  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Connecticut  state  legislature ;  and  in  1885-86  and  1893 
was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.  In  1893-97  he  was  treasurer 
of  the  United  States;  in  1898  was  a  candidate  for  governor  of 
Connecticut;  and  in  1899  was  a  candidate  for  the  United  States 
senate. 

Morgan,  Morris  Hicky,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  8, 
1859,  in  Providence,  B.I.  He  is  a  professor  of  classical  philology 
at  Harvard  university.  He  is  the  author  of  De  ignis  eliciendi 
modis  apud  antiques;  Dictionary  to  Xenophon's  Anabasis;  and 
The  Art  of  Horsemanship  by  Xenophon,  a  translation  with  Essays 
and  Notes. 

Morley,  John  Henry,  clergyman,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  3,  1840,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  In  1863  he  graduated 
from  Wililams  college ;  in  1866  from  Andover  theological  semi 
nary;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  LL.D.  In  1867 
he  was  ordained  to  the  congregational  ministry.  In  1866-76  he 
filled  pastorates  in  Magnolia  and  Sioux  City,  Iowa ;  in  1876-83  in 
Winona,  Minn. ;  and  in  1883-84  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  In  1884-99  he 
was  superintendent  of  the  American  home  missionary  society  for 
Minnesota ;  and  in  1900-06  was  president  of  Fargo  college  of  North 
Dakota.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  at 
Springfield,  Ct.  He  is  a  trustee  of  Carleton  college,  Windom  in 
stitute,  Chicago  theological  seminary  and  Fargo  college.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  published  pamphlets. 

Morris,  Freeman  P.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  March  19, 
1854,  in  Cook  county,  111.  He  received  his  education  in  the  Blue 
Island  High  school,  the  Cook  County  Normal  school,  and  the 
Northwestern  university.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Watseka, 
111.,  where  for  many  years  he  has  been  president  of  the  board  of 
education.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  thirty-fourth,  thirty- 
sixth,  thirty-eighth,  thirty-ninth,  and  fortieth  general  assemblies 
of  he  Illinois  state  legislature,  and  served  as  chairman  of  the 
joint  and  house  caucus  for  three  sessions.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  democratic  national  convention  in  1896,  1900,  1904  and  1908 ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  National  guard,  with  rank  of 
colonel. 


276  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Morris,  James  Cheston,  physician,  author,  was  born  May  28, 
1831,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  physician;  and 
is  now  curator  of  the  American  philosophical  society.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Milk  Supply  of  Large  Cities;  The  Water  Supply 
of  Philadelphia;  Pathology  of  Influenza;  and  other  works. 

Morris,  Robert  Tuttle,  physician,  surgeon,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  May  14,  1857,  in  Seymour,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in 
Cornell  university;  graduated  in  biological  course  in  the  class  of 
1880;  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Centre  college 
of  Kentucky;  and  in  1882  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  the  medical  department  of  Columbia  university.  Since  1882 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine ;  and  is  professor 
of  surgery  in  the  New  York  postgraduate  medical  school  and 
hospital  surgeon,  and  also  visiting  surgeon  to  the  same  institu 
tion.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  New  York  academy  of  medicine  and 
of  the  American  association  of  obstetricians  and  gynecologists. 
He  is  the  author  of  various  books  and  Monographs  on  surgical 
topics. 

Morrison,  Robert  George,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  July 
31,  1860,  at  Blairs  Mills,  Huntingdon  county,  Pa.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  common  and  high  schools ;  and  attended  the 
Iowa  state  university,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.B.,  LL.B.,  and  A.M.  He  has  achieved  success  in  the 
practice  of  law ;  is  one  of  the  foremost  members  of  the  bar  of  Min 
nesota;  and  has  a  large  practice  in  Minneapolis.  He  has  filled 
several  offices  of  trust,  and  takes  quite  a  little  interest  in  political 
affairs. 

Morrison,  William  Shannon,  professor  Clemson  college  of 
South  Carolina,  was  born  April  7,  1853,  in  Winnsboro,  S.C.  He 
was  educated  in  private  schools ;  at  Mount  Zion  institute  of 
Winnsboro ;  and  at  Wofford  college  of  Spartanburg,  S.C.  For 
seven  years  he  was  principal  of  the  high  schools  at  Wellford, 
S.C. ;  organized  and  for  two  years  was  superintendent  of  city 
schools  at  Spartanburg,  S.C. ;  and  organized  and  for  seven  years 
was  superintendent  of  city  schools  at  Greenville,  S.C.  Since  its 
opening  in  1893  he  has  been  professor  of  history  and  political 
economy  at  Clemson  college,  S.C. 

Morse,  Waldo  Grant,  lawyer,  counsel,  was  born  March  13, 
1859,  in  Rochester,  N.Y.  For  two  years  he  attended  the  univer 
sity  of  Rochester ;  spent  two  years  in  travel  and  reading ;  and  in 
1884  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law.  Since  1886  he  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  New  York  City.  He  was  appointed 
on  the  palisades  commission  by  Governor  Morton  and  drew  up 
the  palisades  national  reservation  bills  which  passed  the  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  legislatures;  and  drew  up  a  congressional 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  277 

bill.  He  was  twice  president  of  the  Morse  society  of  America; 
counsel  and  director  of  the  Darien  and  western  railway  company ; 
vice-president  and  director  of  the  State  bank  of  Seneca  Falls, 
N.Y. ;  and  is  a  director  of  several  corporations. 

Morton,  Charles,  soldier,  was  born  March  18,  1846,  in  Ohio. 
In  1861-64  he  served  as  a  private  soldier  in  the  thirtenth  and 
twenty-fifth  regiment  Missouri  infantry.  In  1855  he  graduated 
from  the  United  States  military  academy  and  was  subsequently 
promoted  second  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant,  captain,  major,  lieu- 
enant-colonel  and  colonel.  In  1907  he  attained  the  rank  of  briga 
dier-general  in  the  United  States  army. 

Morton,  Levi  Parsons,  vice-president  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  May  16,  1824,  in-Shoreham,  Vt.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Dartmouth  college  and  also  from  Middlebury  col 
lege.  He  established  the  wholesale  dry  goods  commission  house 
of  Morton  and  Grinnell  in  New  York  City;  in  1863  went  into 
the  banking  business;  and  since  1899  he  has  been  president 
of  the  Morton  trust  company  of  New  York  city.  In  1879-83 
he  was  a  member  of  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses ;  and  in  1881-85  he  filled  an  important  French  mission. 
He  drove  the  first  rivet  in  the  Bartholdi  statue  of  liberty  in  en 
lightening  the  world,  and  had  the  honor  of  accepting  it  for  his 
government.  In  1889-93  he  was  vice-president  of  the  United 
States  of  America;  and  in  1895-97  was  governor  for  the  state  of 
New  York.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Fifth  avenue  trust  com 
pany;  and  a  director  in  a  score  of  financial  corporations.  He  is 
president  of  the  New  York  zoological  society;  and  prominently 
identified  with  various  fraternal  and  patriotic  societies. 

Moser,  William,  physician,  author,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1868,  in 
New  York  City.  In  1868  he  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from 
the  university  of  New  York ;  and  subsequently  received  the  same 
degree  from  the  university  of  Berlin.  Since  1892  he  has  been 
engaged  in  medical  practice  at  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ;  and  is  physician 
to  the  German  hospital;  pathologist  to  the  Deaconess  hospital; 
and  attending  physician  to  the  St.  Catharine's  hospital  dispen 
sary.  He  is  a  contributor  to  the  New  York  Medical  Record  on 
Physiology  and  anatomy  of  the  blood ;  and  on  pathological  topics 
in  the  New  York  and  Philadelphia  Medical  Journals  and  also  the 
Brooklyn  Medical  Journal. 

Moss,  Albert  Bartlett,  chairman  board  Idaho  insane  asylum, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1849,  in  Belvidere,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful 
merchant  and  banker  of  Payette,  Idaho ;  and  has  filled  numerous 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  president  of  the  First  na 
tional  bank  of  Payette,  Idaho;  president  Idaho  implement  and 


278  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

hardware  dealers'  association;  treasurer  Payette  Valley  rail 
road  ;  and  president  of  the  Moss  mercantile  company.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  Bankers'  association  of  Idaho;  chairman  of  the 
board  Idaho  insane  asylum;  and  resides  in  Payette,  Idaho. 

Moulton,  Benjamin  P.,  president  of  the  common  council  of 
Providence,  E.I.,  was  born  May  4,  1878,  in  Providence,  E.I.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools ;  and  at  the  Bryant  and  Strat- 
ton  business  college  of  Providence,  E.I.  He  is  a  successful  busi 
ness  man;  and  is  treasurer  of  the  Eemington  printing  company 
of  Providence.  He  is  a  member  of  the  West  Side  club,  the  Pom- 
ham  club,  the  Central  club,  the  Elmwood  club,  the  Ehode  Island 
automobile  club,  the  Motor  league  of  Ehode  Island;  the  Wanna- 
moisett  country  club  and  the  Westminster  and  Young  Men's  re 
publican  clubs.  For  five  terms  he  was  a  member  and  is  now 
president  of  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Providence  for 
the  term  of  1910-11 ;  and  resides  in  Providence,  E.I. 

Moulton,  Frank  Prescott,  educator,  author,  was  born  June  11, 
1851,  in  Parsonsfield,  Maine.  He  has  been  a  teacher  since  1874; 
and  has  taught  in  the  Hartford  high  school  since  1890.  He  is 
the  author  of  Preparatory  Latin  Composition;  and  Introductory 
Latin. 

Muhleman,  Robert  W.,  physician,  surgeon,  business  man,  was 
born  May  5,  1853,  in  Hannibal,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  Baldwin 
university  of  Berea,  Ohio,  and  the  Pulte  Medical  college  of  Cin 
cinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and  surgeon  of  Bel- 
laire,  Ohio.  He  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Hannibal  schools ; 
president  of  the  Crystal  window  glass  company  of  Bellaire,  Ohio ; 
president  of  the  Seal  glass  mandolin  company;  vice-president  of 
the  Ohio  Valley  telephone  company ;  and  resides  in  Bellaire,  Ohio. 

Muller,  Carl  Christian,  musician,  author,  was  born  July  3, 
1831,  in  Germany.  He  was  leader  of  the  orchestra  at  the  old  Bar- 
num's  museum;  and  since  1879  he  has  been  professor  of  harmony 
of  the  New  York  College  of  Music.  He  is  the  author  of  March 
of  the  Crusaders;  and  nearly  one  hundred  other  musical  compo 
sitions. 

Mulvany,  Peter,  merchant,  contractor,  poet,  was  born  Nov. 
20,  1844,  in  Ireland.  He  is  a  successful  merchant,  hotel  keeper, 
railroad  contractor  and  builder  of  Salida,  Colo.  For  twelve  years 
he  has  been  a  director  in  the  Salida  Building  and  Loan  associa 
tion.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  meritorious  poems,  and 
has  contributed  etensively  to  the  periodical  press  on  educational 
and  other  topics. 

Mundy,  EzeWel  Wilson,  clergyman,  librarian,  genealogist,  was 
born  June  16,  1833,  in  Metuchen,  N.J.  In  1860  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Eochester;  in  1860-63  studied  divinity  in  the 


OP  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  279 

Rochester  theological  seminary;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A.M.  and  Litt.D.  Since  1880  he  has  been  librarian  of  the  public 
library  of  Syracuse,  N.Y.  In  1863-66  he  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Syracuse,  N.Y. ;  in  1866-79  was  pastor  of  the 
Independent  church;  and  in  1883-93  was  rector  of  St.  Marks 
church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Onondaga  historical  society, 
Onondaga  genealogical  society,  New  England  historical  genealog 
ical  society  and  the  American  historical  association. 

Munson,  John  P.,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  21,  1860, 
in  Norway.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Illinois;  in  1881  attended  the  Northwestern  college;  and  in 

1882  was  a  student  at  Milton  college.    In  1887  he  graduated  from 
the  university  of  Wisconsin  with  the  degree  of  B.Sc. ;  and  sub 
sequently  received  the  degree  of  M.Sc.  from  that  instituion.    He 
also  took  graduate  work,  and  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.D.  from 
Yale  university  and  from  the  university  of  Chicago.    He  was  a 
teacher  of  English  at  the  Lutheran  normal  school;  a  fellow  of 
zoology  at  the  university  of  Chicago;  and  an  honorary  fellow  of 
biology  at  Clark  university.     He  was  an  investigator  of  many 
biological  laboratories  of  Woods  Hole,  Mass.;  and  was  director 
of  zoology  at  the  Seaside  station  of  university  of  Minnesota.   He 
was  collaborator  of  the  American  Journal  of  Anatomy  and  Nature 
Study  Review;  and  was  professor  of  biology  at  the  Washington 
state  normal  school.     He  is  the  author  of  Education  Through 
Nature  Study,  and  several  scientific  Monographs. 

Munsterberg,  Hugo,  educator,  author,  was  born  June  1,  1863, 
in  Germany.  Since  1892  he  has  been  professor  of  psychology  in 
Harvard  university.  He  is  the  author  of  Psychology  and  Life; 
American  Traits;  The  Americans;  and  other  works. 

Murdock,  George  John,  inventor,  poet,  was  born  April  17, 
1858,  in  New  Berlin,  N.Y.  He  began  life  as  a  school  teacher ;  and 
then  entered  the  banking  business,  holding  responsible  positions 
with  the  Wilber  national  bank  of  Oneonta;  and  the  Susquehanna 
valley  bank  of  Binghampton,  N.Y.  He  took  up  the  study  of  en 
gineering  and  is  now  considered  one  of  the  pioneer  electric  light 
inventors.  He  took  out  patents  as  early  as  1881 ;  and  prior  to 

1883  had  developed  a  complete  electric  light  system  including 
dynamo,  arc  lamps,  regulators  and  the  enclosing  globe  for  arc 
lamps.     He   has   discovered   and  made   many  improvements   in 
electro  therapeutics,  railway  signals,  bolt  machinery,  important 
tools,  instruments  in  scientific  mechanics ;  combustion  engines  ap 
paratus  ;  and  hydraulics.    He  has  invented  the  exhaust  operative 
pump  and  shoestruts.    He  has  served  as  an  organist  in  several 
prominent  churches;  and  has  written  a  number  of  instrumental 
compositions  and  songs. 


280  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Murphy,  Robert  S.,  soldier,  public  official,  legislator,  was  born 
April  15,  1840,  in  Paulding  county,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  company  E,  thirtieth  regiment  Indiana  volunteer  in 
fantry;  was  continuously  in  the  service,  and  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Shiloh,  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  numerous  other  en 
gagements  until  1865;  and  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of 
marines  May  9,  1864.  He  has  filled  numerous  public  positions 
of  trust  in  Mandale,  Ohio ;  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  and 
county  auditor;  and  was  elected  to  the  seventy-second  general 
assembly  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature  as  a  republican;  and  re 
sides  in  Mandale,  Ohio. 

Murray,  David  Rodman,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
March  13,  1847,  in  Cloverport,  Ky.  He  graduated  from  the  law 
department  of  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  served  in  the 
union  army  as  adjutant  of  the  seventeenth  regiment  Kentucky 
volunteer  cavalry,  and  was  mustered  out  in  October,  1865,  in 
Louisville,  Ky. ;  and  was  subsequently  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general  of  the  second  Kentucky  brigade.  During  1877-81  he 
served  with  distinction  as  a  state  senator  in  the  Kentucky  legis 
lature.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Kentucky;  and  re 
sides  in  Cloverport,  Ky. 

Nancrede,  Charles  Beylard  Guerard  de,  professor  of  surgery, 
university  of  Michigan,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1847,  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools  and  at  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  graduated  from  the  medical  department  of 
that  institution  in  1869.  He  subsequently  attended  and  gradu 
ated  in  medicine  from  the  Jefferson  medical  college ;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.M.  and  LL.D.  He  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Philadelphia  and  there  held  various  medical  chairs  and 
hospital  appointments  prior  to  his  removal  to  Michigan  in  1889. 
He  has  been  major  and  chief  surgeon  in  the  United  States  volun 
teers;  chief  surgeon  of  the  third  division  of  the  second  army 
corps;  and  served  with  the  fifth  army  corps  in  Cuba  during  the 
Santiago  campaign  in  the  Spanish-American  war.  He  was  rec 
ommended  for  brevet  lieutenant  colonel  for  attending  the 
wounded  under  fire  before  Santiago  in  1898.  He  is  the  author  of 
Essentials  of  Anatomy ;  Principles  of  Surgery ;  a  contributor  to 
Woods  Hand-book  of  the  Medical  Science;  to  the  Cyclopedia  of 
the  Diseases  of  Chidlren ;  to  the  American  Text-book  of  Surgery ; 
to  the  International  Encyclopedia  of  Surgery;  to  Dennis's  Sys 
tem  of  Surgery;  to  Parks  System  of  Surgery,  etc.,  besides  con 
tributing  numerous  valuable  articles  to  medical  literature.  Since 
1889  he  has  been  professor  of  surgery  and  clinical  surgery  and 
surgeon  to  the  university  hospital  in  the  university  of  Michigan; 
and  resides  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  281 

Nassau,  Robert  Hamill,  clergyman,  missionary,  author,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1835,  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  from  Princeton  university.  In  1859  grad 
uated  from  Princeton  theological  seminary ;  in  1861  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  in  1891 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  S.T.D.  from  the  latter  instituion. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  presbyterian  ministry;  and  in  1861-1906 
was  a  missionary  in  Africa.  He  was  a  pioneer,  eplorer,  translator 
and  contributor  to  science ;  sent  large  ethnological  collections  to 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania;  sent  the  first  entire  carcass  of  a 
gorilla  to  the  United  States;  and  also  sent  the  only  perfect  go 
rilla  brains  examined  by  anatomists  up  to  1897.  He  is  the  author 
of  Crowned  in  Palm  Land ;  Mawedo ;  and  Fetichism  in  West  Af 
rica  ;  and  also  grammar  and  bible  translations  in  Bengo  language 
of  West  equatorial  Africa. 

Nelson,  George  Francis,  clergyman,  archdeacon,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1842,  in  Granville,  Ohio.  In  1859-61  he  was  a  student 
at  Yale  university ;  and  in  1871  graduated  from  the  university  of 
Chicago  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  In  1896  he  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Trinity  and  St.  Stephen's  colleges.  In  1862-67  he 
was  in  the  United  States  military  service.  In  1877  he  was  or 
dained  deacon;  and  in  1879  was  ordained  priest.  In  1877-79  he 
as  an  assistant  of  St.  Andrew's  church  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in 
1879-85  was  an  assistant  of  Grace  church  in  New  York  City;  in 
1881-83  was  director  of  the  church  of  the  Nativity  of  New  York 
City ;  and  in  183-95  was  vicar  of  Grace  chapel  of  New  York  City. 
Since  1883  he  has  been  secretary  to  the  bishop  of  New  York; 
since  1883  has  been  assistant  secretary  of  the  house  of  bishops: 
and  since  1887  has  been  registrar  of  the  diocese  of  New  York. 
In  1887-1903  he  was  assistant  secretary  of  the  diocesan  conven 
tion  of  New  York;  in  1894-1902  was  superintendent  and  since 
1902  has  been  vice-president  of  the  New  York  protestant  episco 
pal  church  missionary  society.  Since  1902  he  has  been  archdea 
con  of  New  York. 

Nelson,  Thomas  Hiram,  evangelist,  author,  was  born  Feb.  11, 
1863,  in  Canada.  He  is  superintendent  of  Pentecost  bands  at 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  a  home  and  foreign  missionary  movement.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Midnight  Cry;  Marvels  in  Metaphor;  and 
other  works  on  theology. 

Nelson,  William,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1847,  in 
Newark,  N.J.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  received 
the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Princeton  university.  For  several  years 
he  was  engaged  in  journalism  in  Newark  and  Paterson,  N.J. ;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  New  Jersey  and  United  States  bars;  and 
since  1875  has  been  a  practicing  attorney  of  Paterson,  N.J.  He 


282  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

was  a  United  States  commissioner  and  has  been  chairman  of  the 
public  records  commission  of  New  Jersey;  and  since  1880  has 
been  secretary  of  the  New  Jersey  historical  society.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  historical  association ;  and  a  member  of  the 
American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science.  He  is  a 
corresponding  member  of  the  New  England  historical  and  gen 
ealogical  society;  and  an  honorary  and  corresponding  member 
of  many  other  literary,  historical  and  scientific  societies  in  the 
United  States  and  Europe.  He  is  the  author  of  Indians  of  New 
Jersey ;  The  Doremus  Family  in  America ;  History  of  the  City  of 
Paterson ;  Personal  Names  of  Indians  of  New  Jersey ;  Early  "Will 
Making  in  New  Jersey;  Marriage  and  Divorce  in  New  Jersey; 
and  The  Law  in  Relation  to  Public  Bridges  in  New  Jersey. 

Nelson,  William  Rockhill,  journalist,  was  born  March  7,  1841, 
in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in  the  university  of  Notre 
Dame,  Ind.  He  is  the  editor-in-chief  and  owner  of  the  Kansas 
City  Star.  He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  De  Groff  Nelson.  He  founded 
the  Western  gallery  of  art  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Newitt,  Joseph,  Chaffee  county  judge  of  Colorado,  was  born 
Jan.  30,  1848,  in  Oxfordshire,  England.  He  was  educated  in  the 
national  schools  and  academies  of  Oxford,  England;  and  for 
many  years  has  been  engaged  in  law  and  mining  in  the  state  of 
Colorado.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  clerk  of  the  district  court 
of  Chaffee  county,  Col.;  and  has  held  various  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  grand  master  elect  of  the  Indepen 
dent  order  of  odd  fellows  for  the  jurisdiction  of  Colorado.  Since 
1897  he  has  been  county  and  probate  judge  for  Chaffee  county, 
and  is  serving  his  third  term  of  1904-08;  and  resides  in  Buena 
Vista,  Col. 

Niblack,  Leslie  Gordon,  member  territorial  senate  of  Okla 
homa,  was  born  in  1874  in  Evansville,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Rockport,  Ind.;  and  graduated  from  the 
state  university  of  Indiana.  He  is  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Daily  and  Weekly  Leader  of  Guthrie,  Okla. ;  and  president  cu 
the  Leader  Printing  and  Manufacturing  company.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Oklahoma  press  association;  vice-president  of 
the  national  editorial  association;  and  director  Oklahoma  his 
torical  association.  He  has  been  state,  county  and  city  chairman 
of  the  democratic  central  committees;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic  national  conventions  of  1896  and  1900.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Oklahoma  statehood  executive  committee;  and 
was  paymaster-general  Oklahoma  national  guards.  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  territorial  senate  of  Oklahoma  for  the  third 
district  for  the  term  of  1905-06 ;  and  resides  in  Guthrie,  Okla. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  283 

Nichols,  Charles  Fessenden,  physician,  scientist,  was  born  Feb. 
20,  1846,  in  Salem  (  Mass.  After  attending  the  English  and  latin 
high  schools  he  studied  in  1864-66  in  Germany ;  and  in  1870  grad 
uated  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Harvard.  In  1872-74  he 
practiced  in  Honolulu;  and  tested  the  merits  of  the  homeopathic 
treatment  in  leprosy  and  other  diseases  prevalent  there.  While 
in  Hawaii  he  made  a  collection  of  tree  shells.  Since  1874  he  has 
practiced  his  profession  in  Boston,  Mass.;  became  editor  of  the 
New  England  Medical  Gazette;  and  in  1891-92  was  a  member  of 
the  editorial  staff  of  Science.  In  1908-09  he  was  vice-president 
of  the  New  York  society  for  humane  medical  research.  He  is 
the  author  of  numerous  Monographs  and  Brochures  on  medical 
science. 

Nichols,  Sam  H.,  state  secretary  of  Washington,  was  born  in 
1838  in  Maiden,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  Maiden  high 
school  and  at  Medford  academy.  He  attained  success  in  the  real 
estate  and  insurance  business  in  Minnesota  and  at  Everett,  Wash. 
He  has  filled  various  local  offices ;  was  clerk  of  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  ;  clerk  supreme  court ;  and  state  oil  inspector  in  Min 
nesota.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Olympia, 
Wash.  Since  1901  he  has  been  state  secretary  of  Washington, 
and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1905-09 ;  and  resides  in 
Olympia,  Wash. 

Nicholson,  Watson,  educator,  author,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1866, 
in  Pendleton,  Ind.  He  was  educated  through  the  junior  year  at 
the  Indiana  university ;  in  1892  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  from 
Leland  Stanford  junior  uniyersitv.  In  1895  received  M.A.  from 
Harvard  graduate  school;  and  in  1903  was  made  Ph.D.  at  Yale 
university.  In  1905-07  he  traveled  and  studied  in  Europe.  In 
1884-87  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  schools  of  Indiana ;  and  in  1892-94 
and  in  1897-1901  taught  in  California.  In  1895-97  he  was  an  in 
structor  in  Harvard  university;  in  1903-05  was  engaged  in  uni 
versal  extension  teaching  along  the  Atlantic  coast;  and  was  also 
an  occasional  lecturer.  In  1903-05  he  was  an  instructor  of  Eng 
lish  literature  in  the  Shellield  scientific  school  of  Yale  univer 
sity;  and  since  1908  has  devoted  himself  to  the  investigation  of 
the  influence  of  the  censor  of  place  on  the  drama  in  London.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  Struggle  for  a  Free  Stage  in  London. 

Nicol,  Charles  E.,  judge  circuit  court  of  Virginia,  was  born 
Feb.  22,  1854,  in  Brentsville,  Prince  William  county,  Va.  He  was 
educated  at  Eastview  seminary;  attended  Rappahannock  acad 
emy  ;  Richmond  college  and  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  is  an 
eminent  lawyer  of  Virginia  and  judge  of  the  eleventh  and  six 
teenth  judicial  circuits  of  Virginia ;  for  sx  years  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  general  assembly  of  the  Virginia  state  legislature ;  and 


284  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  judge 
of  the  sixteenth  judical  circuit  of  Virginia;  and  resides  in  Ma- 
nassas,  Va. 

Nicolls,  William  Jasper,  civil  and  mining  engineer,  author, 
was  born  April  23,  1854,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
state ;  and  graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Pottstown,  Pa.  He 
has  been  assistant  engineer  of  the  Pennsylvanai  steel  company; 
chief  engineer  on  the  Long  Island  railroad ;  and  general  manager 
of  the  Berwind- White  coal  mining  company.  He  has  attained 
prominence  as  a  successful  civil  and  mining  engineer  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. ;  is  a  member  of  the  American  society  of  civil  engineers ; 
and  of  the  American  society  of  mining  engineers.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  the  Railway  Builder;  The  Story  of  American  Coals; 
The  Coal  Catechism ;  Graystone,  a  novel ;  and  a  Dreamer  in  Paris. 

Nixon,  Lewis,  designer,  architect,  was  born  April  7,  1861,  in 
Leesburg,  Va.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  assistant  naval  con 
structor  in  the  United  States  navy.  He  designed  the  Oregon  and 
the  Indiana.  He  aided  in  the  construction  of  the  Indiana,  Massa 
chusetts,  New  York,  Columbia  and  Minneapolis.  In  1894  he  es 
tablished  an  independent  business  in  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  and  built 
the  Annapolis,  the  first  composite  gunboat  ever  constructed  for 
the  navy. 

Noel,  Edmund  Favor,  lawyer,  legislator,  governor,  was  born 
March  4,  1856,  near  Lexington,  Miss.  During  1882-84  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legislature;  and  in  1896  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate  for  four  years.  He  is  an 
able  lawyer  of  Lexington,  Miss.,  and  during  1887-91  served  with 
distinction  as  district  attorney;  and  resides  in  Lexington,  Miss. 
In  1907  he  was  elected  governor  of  Mississippi  for  the  term  of 
1908-12. 

Nolen,  John,  lecturer,  landscape  architect,  was  born  in  1869 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1893  he  graduated  from  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  with  the  degree  of  Ph.B. ;  in  1901-1902  studied 
in  the  university  of  Munich;  and  in  1903-05  was  a  student  at 
Harvard  university  where  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  He 
has  been  landscape  architect  for  Charlotte,  N.C.,  Savannah,  Ga., 
Roanoke,  Va.,  Santiago,  Gal.,  Madison  and  LaCrosse,  Wis.,  Mont- 
clair  and  Glen  Ridge,  N.J. ;  and  Reading,  Pa.  He  has  designed  sev 
eral  public  parks  and  private  places  throughout  the  east  and 
most  of  his  time  is  now  given  to  the  preparation  of  comprehen 
sive  town  and  city  plans.  He  is  a  lecturer  on  Outdoor  Art ;  Civic 
Improvements  and  City  Planning.  He  is  the  author  of  magazine 
articles ;  and  is  the  editor  of  Repton  's  Art  of  Landscape  Garden- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  285 

ing.  He  has  made  frequent  trips  to  England,  France,  Germany, 
Switzerland  and  Italy. 

Noll,  Arthur  Howard,  lawyer,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Feb.  4,  1855,  in  Caldwell,  N.J.  In  1898  he  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  St.  John's  college  of  Annapolis,  Md.  In 
1876-82  he  practiced  law  in  Newark,  N.J. ;  and  then  engaged  in 
railroading  in  Mexico.  In  1887  he  was  ordained  a  clergyman; 
and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Texas,  Mississippi,  Louisiana  and 
Tennessee.  Since  1902  he  has  been  registrar  of  the  university  of 
the  south  at  Sewanee,  Tenn.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Short  His 
tory  of  Mexico;  From  Empire  to  Republic;  The  Peruvians;  Life 
of  General  Kirby  Smith;  History  of  the  Church  in  the  Diocese 
of  Tennessee;  and  General  Kirby  Smith.  He  has  edited  Bishop 
Quintard  's  Memoirs  of  the  "War ;  and  volumes  of  Doctor  Thomas 
Dunn  English's  Fairy  Stories. 

North,  Edward,  educator,  necrologist,  author,  was  born  March 
9,  1820,  in  Berlin,  Conn.  In  1841  he  graduated  from  Hamilton 
college.  For  forty-seven  years  he  has  been  professor  of  Greek 
in  Hamilton  college ;  and  for  fifty  years  he  has  been  the  necrolo 
gist  of  Hamilton,  and  since  1881  has  been  a  trustee  of  that  coli 
lege.  He  was  president  of  the  New  York  State  Teachers'  asso 
ciation  in  1865,  of  which  association  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
in  1845. 

Northcott,  William  A.,  United  States  district  attorney  for  Illi 
nois,  was  born  in  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  He  taught  school  for  a 
while,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1887.  Two  years  later  he 
moved  to  Illinois;  in  1882  was  elected  states  attorney  of  Bond 
county,  and  was  re-elected  in  1884  and  in  1888.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  head  consul  of  the  Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  to 
which  position  he  has  been  twice  unanimously  re-elected.  In 
1892  he  was  a  republican  candidate  for  congress,  and  in  1896  he 
was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  Illinois.  He  is  United  States 
district  attorney  for  the  southern  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term 
of  1905-09 ;  and  resides  in  Springfield,  HI. 

Nutt,  Jethro  B.,  county  commissioner  of  Maine,  was  born 
May  25,  1836,  in  Perry,  Washington  county,  Maine.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  New  England.  He  is  a  ship  archi 
tect  and  builder.  For  thirteen  years  he  was  selectman  and  asses 
sor  ;  in  1876-77  was  a  representaive  in  the  Maine  state  legislature  ; 
and  is  now  postmaster  of  his  town.  Since  1881  he  has  served 
continuously  as  county  commissioner  for  Washington  county; 
and  resides  in  Perry,  Maine. 

Obermayer,  Charles  J.,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  8, 1869.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools;  attended  the  college  of  the  city 
of  New  York ;  and  studied  law  for  three  years.  For  twelve  years 


286  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

he  was  treasurer  of  the  German- American  title  guarantee  com 
pany  of  New  York  city;  president  and  director  of  the  Narra- 
gansett  finishing  company;  and  president  and  trustee  of  the 
Greater  New  York  savings  bank.  He  has  been  vice-president  of 
the  Samaritan  hospital ;  and  president  of  the  league  of  American 
Wheelmen  in  the  United  States. 

O'Brien,  James  William,  merchant,  poet,  was  born  July  13, 
1846,  in  Quebec,  Canada.  For  many  years  he  was  a  commercial 
traveler,  and  has  a  varied  and  adventurous  career.  He  has  con 
tributed  both  prose  and  verse  to  the  periodical  press,  and  several 
of  his  poems  have  been  incorporated  into  Poets  of  America  and 
other  standard  works. 

O'Brien,  Martin  H.,  lawyer,  was  born  May  18,  1850,  in  Clinton 
county,  N.Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
common  schools;  attended  the  Notre  Dame  university  of  South 
Bend,  Ind. ;  and  was  admitted  to  practice  law  in  New  York  in 
1874.  He  has  since  attained  prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  of 
Plattsburg,  N.Y. ;  and  has  an  extensive  practice  in  the  state  and 
federal  courts.  He  takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  city,  county  and  state,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  various 
fraternal  orders.  Four  of  his  sons  are  graduates  of  Yale  uni 
versity. 

O'Brien,  Thomas  D.,  state  insurance  commissioner  of  Minne 
sota,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1859,  in  La  Pointe,  Wis.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession.  He  has  been  assistant  city  attorney  for  St.  Paul, 
Minn. ;  and  county  attorney  for  Ramsey  county,  Minn.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  hospitals  for  insane ;  a 
member  of  the  national  democratic  committee ;  and  a  member 
of  the  charter  commission  of  St.  Paul.  Since  1905  he  has  been 
commissioner  of  insurance  for  Minnesota ;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 

Ogden,  Edward  F.,  Harrison  county  treasurer  of  Iowa,  was 
born  Dec.  29,  1858,  in  Glens  Falls,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful  merchant 
of  Logan,  Iowa ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  has  filled  several 
positions  of  trust  and  honor;  and  is  now  serving  his  third  term 
as  county  treasurer  for  Harrison  county;  and  resides  in  Logan, 
Iowa. 

Ohmann-Dumesnil,  Amant  Henry,  journalist,  physician,  au 
thor,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1857,  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  In  1873  he 
graduated  from  the  College  of  Christian  brothers;  received  the 
degrees  of  M.E.  and  A.M.  from  the  Missouri  state  university ;  and 
in  1880  graduated  from  the  St.  Louis  medical  college.  He  has 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  287 

been  professor  of  dermatology  at  the  College  for  medical  practi 
tioners;  at  the  College  of  physicians  and  surgeons;  and  at  the 
Marion  Sims  college  of  medicine.  He  has  been  editor  of  the 
Weekly  Medical  Review;  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  St.  Louis 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal ;  and  editor  of  the  Atlas  of  Derma 
tology.  Since  1881  he  has  been  a  specialist  in  dermatology;  and 
a  consultant  in  dermatology  of  the  St.  Louis  health  department. 
He  is  the  author  of  Hand-Book  of  Dermatology ;  and  other  works. 

Oliver,  Arthur  L.,  state  representative  of  Missouri,  was  born 
Jan.  5,  1879,  in  Cape  Girardeau  county,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Cape  Girardeau  normal  school  and  at  the  university  of  Texas. 
He  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law ;  has  been  major 
commanding  sixth  battalion  national  guard  of  Missouri ;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  forty-third  general  assembly  as  representative  from  Pem- 
iscot  county.  Since  1905  he  has  been  a  representative  in  the 
Missouri  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Caruthersville,  Mo. 

Olmsted,  Marlin  Edgar,  lawyer,  legislator,  railroad  president, 
congressman,  was  born  in  Potter  county,  Pa.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  and  subsequently 
attended  Couderport  academy.  At  an  early  age  he  was  appointed 
assistant  corporation  clerk;  one  year  later  was  promoted  to  cor 
poration  clerk  in  charge  of  the  collection  of  taxes  from  corpora 
tions;  and  became  auditor  general.  He  read  law  at  Harrisburg; 
and  in  1878  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Dauphin  county.  In  1881  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1884  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  In  1891  he  was 
elected  to  represent  Dauphin  county  in  the  proposed  constitu^ 
tional  convention.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. ;  has  been  counsel  of  his  city ;  president  and  general 
counsel  for  the  Beach  Railroad  company;  also  president  of  the 
Buffalo  and  Susquehanna  Railroad  company.  He  has  been  coun 
sel  for  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  company ;  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna  and  Western  Railroad  company;  Delaware  and  Hudson 
Canal  company ;  Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  company ;  the  West 
ern  Union  Telegraph  company ;  and  many  other  corporations.  In 
1897-1911  he  was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  fifty- 
fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth 
and  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican. 

Orahood,  Harper  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
June  3,  1841,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Mt.  Yernon,  Ohio,  and  Earlville,  111. ;  and  has  been 
for  two  years  a  clerk  in  Rock  Island  when  he  joined  an  emigrant 
train  for  Colorado  in  1860.  There  he  spent  ten  years  in  mercan- 


288  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tile  pursuits  at  Black  Hawk  and  Central  City.  During  the  civil 
war  he  served  in  the  army  on  the  frontier;  and  was  captain  of 
company  B,  third  Colorado  cavalry.  In  1873  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1877-81  was  district  attorney;  and  then  re 
moved  to  Denver.  He  was  county  clerk  and  recorder  of  Gilpin 
county;  city  attorney  and  postmaster  of  Black  Hawk;  and  city 
attorney  of  Central  City  and  of  Denver.  For  seven  years  he  was 
director  of  school  district  No.  1  of  Denver ;  and  was  president  of 
the  board  a  part  of  the  time.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Gilpin  county 
and  the  Colorado  Pioneer  associations;  is  past  department  com 
mander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ;  and  in  1895  was  col 
onel  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Mclntire;  and  resides  in  Denver, 
Col. 

Orman,  James  Bradley,  miner,  railroad  president,  governor, 
was  born  Nov.  4,  1849,  in  Muscatine,  Iowa.  For  many  years  he 
was  engaged  as  a  contractor,  building  many  railways  in  Kansas 
and  Colorado ;  and  has  also  built  large  irrigation  canals.  For  five 
years  he  was  president  of  the  Pueblo  street  railway ;  and  is  iden 
tified  with  large  mining  interests.  In  1901-02  he  was  governor 
of  the  state  of  Colorado.  He  is  president  of  the  Bankers'  consol 
idated  mines  of  Ouray,  Col. 

Ormrod,  George,  cast  iron  pipe  manufacturer,  was  born  in  July, 
1839,  in  Preston,  Lancashire,  England.  He  was  educated  in  pri 
vate  schools  and  at  the  School  of  Design  of  Manchester,  England. 
In  1859  he  came  to  the  United  States  on  a  visit  to  his  uncle,  Wil 
liam  Donaldson,  proprietor  of  a  large  anthracite  colliery  at  Tama- 
qua,  Pa.  In  1861-79  he  was  proprietor  of  anthracite  collieries  at 
Tamaqua  and  Raven  Run,  Pa.;  in  1878-80  was  president  of  the 
Girard  Mammoth  Coal  company;  president  of  the  Nicholas  coal 
company ;  president  of  the  St  Nicholas  coal  company  near  Mahon- 
ing  City,  Pa. ;  and  since  1883  has  been  manager,  treasurer  and 
director  in  the  Donaldson  Iron  company ;  and  also  since  1897  vice- 
president  of  the  Lehigh  Portland  cement  company  of  Allentown, 
Pa.  He  is  also  president  of  the  White  Hall  street  railway  com 
pany  of  Egypt,  Lehigh  county,  Pa. ;  president  of  the  Donaldson 
iron  company  at  Emaus,  Lehigh  county,  Pa. ;  vice-president  of 
the  Lehigh  Portland  cement  company ;  president  of  the  Whitehall 
street  railway  company.  In  1901-04  he  was  president  of  the  Liv 
ingston  club  of  Allentown,  Pa. ;  and  has  filled  various  other  po 
sitions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Allentown  hos 
pital  ;  is  a  member  of  the  Union  league  of  Philadelphia ;  and  also 
a  member  of  the  Manufacturers'  club  of  Philadelphia;  and  resides 
in  Allentown,  Pa. 

Osborn,  Chase  Salmon,  journalist,  public  official,  was  born  Jan. 
22,  1860,  in  Huntington  county,  Ind.    In  1880  he  became  manag- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  289 

ing  editor  of  the  Signal  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  and  subsequently 
filled  an  editorial  position  on  the  Milwaukee  Evening  Wisconsin. 
In  1883  he  became  editor  and  part  proprietor  of  the  Florence  min 
ing  News ;  and  in  1887  established  the  Miner  and  Manufacturer 
of  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  then  became  city  editor  of  the  Milwau 
kee  Sentinel;  and  in  1887  purchased  the  Sault  Saint  Marie  News; 
and  in  1902  became  owner;  and  is  now  editor  of  the  Saginaw 
Courier  and  Herald.  He  has  been  state  game  and  fish  warden  of 
Michigan ;  and  in  1899-1903  was  commissioner  of  railroads ;  and 
was  postmaster  of  Sault  Saint  Marie,  Mich.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  board  of  regents  of  the  university  of  Michigan.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  two  volume  work  on  South  America  entitled  The 
Andean  Land. 

Oswald,  Fridolin.  member  Illinois  state  board  of  examiners  of 
architects,  was  born  March  6,  1839,  in  Switzerland.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
place ;  and  studied  in  the  college  at  Munich,  Germany.  He  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  successful  architect  and  civil  engineer ; 
has  been  county  civil  engineer  and  surveyor;  and  has  filled  vari 
ous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  county  board  of  supervisors ;  president  of  the  citv  council ; 
and  a  trustee  of  the  Illinois  societv  of  civil  engineers  and  survey 
ors.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  board  of  examiners  of 
architects ;  and  resides  in  Alhambra,  111. 

Otis,  Harrison  Gray,  citizen,  soldier,  journalist,  was  born  Eeb. 
10,  1837,  near  Marietta,  Ohio.  He  learned  the  printer's  trade,  and 
in  1869-70  was  foreman  of  printing  in  the  governm/ent  printing 
office ;  and  subsequently  for  five  years  he  was  chief  of  a  division 
in  the  United  States  patent  office.  He  served  throughout  the 
civil  war  as  a  soldier  and  officer,  participated  in  fifteen  actions, 
was  twice  wounded  in  battle,  received  seven  promotions,  and  was 
brevetted  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  for  gallant  and  meritori 
ous  services  during  the  war.  In  1876-79  he  was  editor  of  the 
Santa  Barbara  Press ;  and  1879-82  was  United  States  treasury 
agent  in  charge  of  the  Seal  islands  of  Alaska.  In  1882  he  became 
an  owner  in  the  Los  Angeles  Times ;  and  since  1886  has  been 
chief  owner,  editor  and  general  manager.  In  1898-9,  as  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  he  commanded  the  brigade  which  assaulted 
and  captured  Caloocan ;  and  served  throughout  the  campaign 
ending  in  the  fall  of  Malolos.  He  was  brevetted  major-general 
for  meritorious  conduct  in  that  campaign.  His  home  is  Los 
Angeles.  Cal. 

Ott,  Isaac,  physician,  physiologist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  30, 
1847,  in  Northhampton  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Lafay 
ette  college  where  he  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  A.M. ; 


290  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  in  1869  graduated  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  as 
M.D.  He  attended  the  universities  of  Leipsig  and  Berlin;  and 
in  1879  was  a  fellow  in  biology  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  university. 
In  1878  he  lectured  on  physiology  at  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  Since  1889  he  has  practiced  medicine  in  Easton,  Pa. ;  and 
since  1894  has  been  professor  of  physiology  at  the  Medico-chiru- 
rigical  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  consulting  neurolo 
gist  at  the  asylum  of  Norristown,  Pa. ;  and  physician  to  St. 
Mary's  hospital  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Action 
of  Medicines;  Cocaine,  Veratria  and  Gelseminum;  Textbook  of 
Physiology;  and  other  works. 

Overman,  Lee  Slater,  lawyer,  legislator,  railroad  president, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1854,  in  Salisbury,  N.C. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  his  native  city;  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  North  Carolina  in  1883-89  and 
1893-94,  and  was  speaker  of  the  house  during  the  latter  term. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad  company ; 
and  in  1897  was  the  democratic  nominee  for  United  States  sena 
tor.  In  1903  he  became  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  for 
the  terms  ending  in  1915. 

Owen,  Alfred,  educator,  theologican,  college  president,  was 
born  July  20,  1820,  in  China,  Maine.  In  1853  he  graduated  from 
the  Colgate  university;  and  in  1858  graduated  from  the  Newton 
theological  seminary.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the 
Kalamazoo  college.  For  nine  years  he  filled  a  pastorate  in  Lynn, 
Mass. ;  for  eleven  years  preached  in  Detroit,  Mich. ;  and  for  two 
years  was  a  clergyman  of  Chicago,  111.  In  1879-86  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Denison  university  of  Granville,  Ohio ;  and  in  1887-95 
was  president  of  the  Roger  Williams  university  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.  In  1895-1906  he  was  professor  of  theology  and  metaphys 
ics  at  the  Roger  Williams  university.  He  is  a  writer  of  articles 
in  reviews  and  magazines.  He  has  lectured  at  institutes  and  the 
ological  seminaries.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  col 
lege  ;  and  a  trustee  of  the  Chicago  theological  seminary. 

Owen,  Mary  Alicia,  litterateur,  author,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1858, 
in  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  She  was  educated  at  private  schools;  and  at 
Vassar  college.  In  1888  she  made  important  discoveries  in  woo- 
doo  magic  which  she  announced  in  folk-lore  societies.  In  1893 
she  was  admitted  to  tribal  membership  with  the  Indians  and 
joined  their  secret  societies.  She  has  written  much  of  their  be 
liefs  and  customs.  In  1898  she  turned  her  attention  to  gypsies. 
Since  1892  she  has  read  many  papers  on  Indian  life  before  east 
ern  and  southern  audiences ;  and  she  possesses  one  of  the  largest 
collections  of  Indian  beadwork  in  the  world.  She  is  the  author 
of  Ole  Rabbits  Plantation  Stories ;  Voodoo  Tales ;  The  Daughter 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  291 

of  Alouette  and  an  Ozark  Gypsy;  Folk  Lore  of  the  Musquakie 
Indians;  Oracles  and  Witches;  and  Myths,  Customs,  Ceremonials 
of  the  Algonquin  Tribes  in  the  Middle  West. 

Owen,  Robert  Latham,  lawyer,  politician,  banker,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1856,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.  He  at 
tended  the  Washington  and  Lee  university  of  Lexington,  Va. ; 
took  the  debaters'  medal,  the  president's  scholarship;  was  vale 
dictorian  of  his  class;  and  in  1877  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
He  then  taught  school  in  Baltimore,  and  in  the  Cherokee  Orphan 
asylum.  He  edited  the  Indian  Chieftain;  was  secretary  of  the 
Old  Settlers  of  Cherokee;  was  secretary  of  the  board  of  educa 
tion  of  the  Cherokee  nation;  president  of  the  Indian  Interna 
tional  Fair  association;  was  United  States  Indian  agent  to  the 
Cherokees,  Choctaws,  Chickasaws,  Creeks,  and  Seminoles.  He 
served  as  secretary  of  the  first  bar  association  in  Indian  terri 
tory;  founded  and  became  president  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Muskogee  in  1890;  and  was  fiscal  agent  for  the  Choctaw  na 
tion  with  a  one-million-dollar  bond  in  1889.  Mr.  Owen  has  dis 
tinguished  himself  by  diplomatic  services  rendered  the  Indians 
of  the  Indian  territory;  framed  the  present  school  laws  of  the 
Cherokee  nation,  and  organized  on  improved  lines  their  schools. 
He  was  twice  elected  democratic  national  committeeman.  In 
1909  he  became  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  for  the 
term  ending  in  1913. 

Pace,  Samuel  G.,  mayor  of  Mount  Airy,  N.C.,  was  born  March 
29,  1848,  in  Henry  county,  Virginia.  He  was  educated  at  Olin 
college  of  North  Carolina.  He  is  proprietor  of  a  hotel  in  Mount 
Airy,  N.C. ;  a  dealer  in  blooded  horses ;  and  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  his  community.  He  has  been  jus 
tice  of  the  peace;  chairman  of  the  city  democratic  committee; 
and  has  held  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is 
now  filling  the  office  of  mayor  for  the  city  of  Mount  Airy,  and 
served  his  fourth  term  of  1905-08;  and  resides  in  Mount  Airy, 
N.C. 

Packard,  N.  Luther,  clergyman,  evangelist,  was  born  Dec.  31, 
1851,  in  Brockton,  Mass.  He  graduated  with  honors  from  the 
Wisconsin  State  university,  and  from  the  Chicago  Theological 
seminary.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  eminent  clergyman  of 
the  congregational  church ;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Nashua, 
Ionia,  and  Buffalo  Center,  and  Riceville,  Iowa.  For  ten  years  he 
was  president  of  the  third  district  of  the  Young  People's  State 
Christian  Endeavor  of  Iowa;  has  also  been  the  state  superinten 
dent  of  Iowra  congregational  Christian  endeavor  work;  and  also 
a  state  evangelist  of  Iowa. 


292  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Page,  Carroll  Smalley,  merchant,  banker,  legislator,  governor, 
United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  10,  1843,  in  Westfield,  Vt. 
He  attended  the  Lamoille  Central  academy  of  Hyde  Park,  Vt. 
In  1869-72  he  was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  house  of  representa 
tives  ;  in  1874-76  a  member  of  the  state  senate ;  during  1872-88 
was  a  member  of  the  republican  state  committee,  and  chairman 
of  that  committee  in  1886-88.  During  1890-92  he  served  with 
distinction  as  governor  of  Vermont.  He  is  a  successful  dealer  in 
green  calfskin,  and  in  that  line  of  business  is  said  to  be  the  larg 
est  dealer  in  the  world.  He  is  president  of  two  banks ;  and  promi 
nently  identified  with  various  other  business  enterprises.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  ending  in 
1911. 

Page,  Inman  E.,  educator,  college  president,  was  born  Dec.  2, 
1853,  in  Warrenton,  Va.  He  was  educated  at  the  Howard  uni 
versity  of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and  at  the  Brown  university  of 
Providence,  R.I.  For  a  while  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  Natchez 
seminary  of  Mississippi ;  and  for  eighteen  years  was  president  of 
the  Lincoln  institute  of  Jefferson  city,  Mo.  Since  1898  he  has 
been  president  of  the  agricultural  and  normal  university  of  Okla 
homa  at  Langston. 

Page,  Samuel  Davis,  lawyer,  financier,  was  born  Sept.  22, 
1840,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Dr.  Williams 
classical  school  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  in  1859  graduated  from 
Yale  university.  He  read  law  at  Harvard  law  school ;  and  in  the 
office  of  Peter  McCall  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Since  1864  he  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1877-81  and 
1882-83  he  was  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  common  council. 
In  1879-82  he  was  a  democratic  candidate  for  city  treasurer.  In 
1883  he  became  city  comptroller;  and  in  1886  was  appointed  as 
sistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In 
1891  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  by  the  governor 
to  investigate  the  accounts  of  John  Bardsley,  derelict  city  treas 
urer,  with  the  Keystone  national  bank.  In  1893  he  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  congress  of  bankers  and  financiers  at  Chicago,  111., 
where  he  delivered  an  address  on  Pennsylvania.  In  1890-91  he 
was  president  and  since  1891  has  been  a  director  of  the  Quaker 
city  national  bank.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the  merchants' 
trust  company  since  its  organization. 

Paine,  Levi  Leonard,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1832,  in  Holbrook,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  New  England ;  and  attended  the  theolog 
ical  seminary.  He  has  filled  positions  in  the  educational  world; 
and  became  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  Bangor  the 
ological  seminary.  He  has  attained  prominence  throughout  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  293 

United  States  as  an  eminent  clergyman  of  the  congregational 
church ;  and  for  many  years  has  been  a  pastor  of  Bangor,  Maine. 
He  is  the  author  of  Christianity  in  Its  Progressive  Relations; 
Christian  Evangelism;  The  Congregational  Order  of  Worship; 
Progressive  Orthodoxy;  and  various  other  Sermons  and  Ad 
dresses. 

Palmore,  William  Beverly,  soldier,  clergyman,  lecturer,  editor, 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1844,  in  Fayette  county,  Tenn.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Vanderbilt  university.  During  the  civil  war  he 
carried  Gen.  John  S.  Marmaduke's  division  flag  while  a  boy  in 
the  confederate  army.  He  has  been  a  successful  clergyman  and 
lecturer ;  and  for  many  years  has  been  the  editor  of  the  St.  Louis 
Christian  Advocate. 

Panting,  James  Augustus,  lieutenant  Oregon  national  guard, 
was  born  April  1,  1861,  in  Gloucester,  England.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools;  and  graduated 
from  Swensberg's  college  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  For  five  years 
he  was  manager  of  the  Marthinson  and  White  lumber  company 
of  Copley,  Mich. ;  and  for  ten  years  was  manager  of  the  Gold 
Hill  mines  of  Durkee,  Oregon.  He  is  now  a  successful  lumberman 
and  the  owner  of  gold  mines ;  and  prominent  in  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  Baker  City,  Ore.  For  three  years  he  has  been 
brigade  signal  officer,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  in  the  Oregon 
brigade,  uniform  rank,  K.  of  P.,  and  is  still  in  commission.  Since 
1904  he  has  held  the  rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  Oregon  national 
guard;  and  resides  in  Baker  City,  Oregon. 

Park,  Roswell,  educator,  lecturer,  physician,  surgeon,  author, 
was  born  May  4,  1852,  in  Pomfret,  Conn.  He  graduated  from 
Racine  college  as  M.D. ;  and  graduated  from  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  Northwestern  university.  He  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  A.M.  from  Racine  and  Harvard  colleges ;  M.D.  from  the 
Lake  Forest  university;  and  LL.D.  from  Yale  university.  He  is 
an  interne  in  several  hospitals;  in  1877-79  was  an  instructor  of 
anatomy  at  the  Women's  medical  college  of  Chicago,  111.;  and  in 
1879-82  was  adjunct  professor  of  anatomy  at  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  Northwestern  university.  In  1882  he  lectured  on  sur 
gery  at  the  Rush  medical  college ;  and  since  1883  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  surgery  in  the  medical  department  of  the  university  of 
Buffalo ;  and  is  surgeon  to  the  Buffalo  general  hospital.  He  is 
the  author  of  Lectures  on  Surgical  Pathology;  History  of  Medi 
cine  ;  Text  Book  of  Surgery  and  the  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Modern  Surgery. 

Parker,  C.  M.,  educator,  journalist,  founder,  was  born  Sept. 
17,  1860,  in  Wilkes  county,  N.C.  He  received  a  thorough  public 
and  academic  education.  He  was  an  institute  instructor  in  In- 


294  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

diana  and  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  founder,  editor  and  owner 
of  the  School  News  of  Taylorville,  111.  He  has  attained  a  na 
tional  reputation  in  the  educational  world;  and  has  added  much 
to  the  educational  literature  of  America.  The  various  educational 
pamphlets  and  books  published  under  his  auspices  find  a  large  sale 
throughout  the  United  States. 

Parker,  Herschel  Clifford,  electrical  engineer,  author,  was 
born  July  9,  1867,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  In  1890  he  received  the 
degree  of  Ph.B.  from  the  Columbia  school  of  mines.  For  many 
years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  mountain  climbing;  ascended 
Mount  Blanc  in  1891 ;  Matterhorn  in  1895 ;  and  made  the  first 
ascent  of  Mount  Dawson  in  1899.  He  is  president  of  the  Vedanta 
society  of  New  York  city.  Since  1890  he  has  been  connected  with 
Columbia  university  of  New  York  city;  and  is  now  professor  of 
physics  in  that  institution.  In  1903-07  he  was  engaged  in  research 
work  \vith  reference  to  incandescent  lighting.  He  is  the  author 
of  A  Systematic  Treatise  on  Electrical  Measurements;  and  a 
number  of  Monographs. 

Parker,  James  Henry,  soldier,  merchant,  physician,  banker, 
was  born  Jan.  4,  1843,  in  Johnston  county,  N.C.  In  1882  he  moved 
to  New  York  and  carried  on  a  cotton  and  comimssion  business 
with  success,  serving  for  two  years  as  president  of  the  Cotton  ex 
change.  Has  been  prominent  in  New  York  banking  circles, 
having  been  vice-president  of  National  Park  bank,  president  of 
the  United  States  National  bank,  and  is  at  present  president  of 
the  Mutual  Alliance  Trust  company,  and  director  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Commerce,  National  Reserve  bank,  Audubon  National 
bank,  and  other  institutions. 

Parkinson,  Daniel  Baldwin,  president  southern  Illinois  state 
normal  university,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1845,  in  Madison  county,  111. 
He  was  educated  at  McKendree  college  of  Lebanon,  111. ;  and  at 
the  Northwestern  university  of  Evanston,  111.  In  1869-70  he  was 
principal  of  Carmi  public  schools;  and  in  1870-73  was  teacher  of 
science  and  mathematics  at  Jennings  seminary  of  Aurora,  111.  In 
1874-98  he  was  professor  of  physical  sciences  in  the  southern  Illi 
nois  state  normal  university;  and  then  became  president  of  that 
institution.  He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  educational  associa 
tions  ;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is 
president  elect  of  the  Illinois  state  teachers'  association.  Since 
1898  he  has  been  president  of  the  Southern  Illinois  state  normal 
university ;  and  resides  in  Carbondale,  111. 

Parks,  Marvin  McTyeire,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  29,  1872,  in  Marietta,  Ga.  In  1892  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.B.  from  Emory  college  of  Oxford,  Ga. ;  and  subsequently  was  a 
graduate  student  at  the  university  of  Chicago  and  at  Harvard 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  296 

university.  Since  1905  he  has  been  president  of  the  Georgia  nor 
mal  and  industrial  college  at  Milledgeville. 

Parrish,  Charles  Henry,  clergyman,  educator,  college  presi 
dent,  was  born  April  18,  1859,  in  Lexington,  Ky.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ; 
and  attended  the  state  university  of  Louisville,  in  which  institu 
tion  he  was  subsequently  secretary,  treasurer  and  professor  of 
Greek.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  of  Louis 
ville  and  president  of  the  Eckstein  Norton  university.  He  was 
oriental  pilgrim;  messenger  to  world's  S.S.  convention  at  Jerusa 
lem,  1904 ;  in  river  of  Jordan,  April  13,  1904 ;  delegate  to  baptist 
world's  congress,  1905;  preached  in  seventeen  towns  in  Germany 
under  Rev.  Carl  Mascher,  inspector  of  German  missions,  six  hun 
dred  converts;  chairman  foreign  mission  board,  national  baptist 
conference;  chairman  of  executive  board  of  general  association 
of  Kentucky  baptists;  delgate  to  world's  missionary  convention. 

Parrish,  Maxfield,  painter,  was  born  July  25,  1870,  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1901  he  received  a  silver  medal  from  the  Pan-Ameri 
can  exposition  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.  He  is  a  national  Academician. 

Parrish,  Randall,  lawyer,  journalist,  author,  was  born  June  10, 
1858,  in  Henry  county,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  state ;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of  Iowa. 
In  1879-83  he  practiced  law  in  Wichita,  Kan. ;  and  in  1883-85  pros 
pected  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  He  subsequently  became  a 
journalist ;  was  engaged  on  daily  papers  in  Denver,  Omaha,  Sioux 
City  and  Chicago;  and  was  manager  of  country  papers  in  Ne 
braska  and  Illinois.  He  is  the  author  of  When  Wilderness  Was 
King ;  My  Lady  of  the  North ;  A  Sword  of  the  Old  Frontier ;  Bob 
Hampton  of  Placer ;  and  Historic  Illinois  and  the  Great  Plains. 

Parry,  David  MacLean,  manufacturer,  business  president,  was 
born  March  26,  1852,  near  Pittsburg,  Pa.  In  1869-73  he  clerked 
in  stores  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind. ;  Columbus  City,  Iowa;  and  in 
New  York  city.  In  1873-76  he  was  engaged  in  the  hardware  busi 
ness  in  Connersville,  Ind. ;  and  in  1878-82  was  in  the  hardware 
business  in  Rushville,  Ind.  In  1876-92  he  was  engaged  as  a  trav 
eling  salesman.  In  1882  he  established  a  manufacturing  business 
in  Rushville,  Ind.;  and  in  1886  moved  to  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He 
is  now  president  of  the  Parry  manufacturing  company,  employ 
ing  over  two  thousand  people.  He  has  been  president  of  the  In 
dianapolis  board  of  trade;  president  of  the  carriage  builders' 
national  association;  president  of  the  Indiana  manufacturers' 
association;  is  president  of  the  national  association  of  manufac 
turers  ;  and  for  four  years  was  president  of  the  citizens'  industrial 
association  of  America. 


296  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Parsons,  William  W.,  president  Indiana  state  normal  school  at 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  was  born  May  18,  1850,  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  at 
the  high  school  of  Tuscola,  111. ;  in  1872  graduated  from  the  Indiana 
state  normal  school;  and  in  1887  received  an  honorary  degree 
from  the  Indiana  state  university.  He  first  taught  in  the  country 
schools  of  Illinois;  for  one  year  was  superintendent  of  schools 
at  Gosport,  Ind. ;  and  taught  two  years  in  the  Indiana  high  school. 
In  1876-79  was  assistant  professor  of  English,  in  1879  was  head 
of  the  department,  in  1882  became  vice-president  and  since  1885 
has  been  president  of  the  Indiana  state  normal  school  at  Terre 
Haute.  He  is  a  director  in  the  First  national  bank  of  Terre  Haute ; 
a  director  in  the  Terre  Haute  trust  company;  and  vice-president 
of  the  Wabash  building,  loan  and  savings  association.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  public  library  commission  of  Indiana;  a  member 
of  the  Indiana  state  board  of  education ;  and  is  prominently  iden 
tified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city  and  state. 
Since  1885  he  has  been  president  of  the  state  normal  school  at 
Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Paton,  Alexander  S.,  manufacturer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
20,  1854,  in  Scotland.  In  1870  he  came  to  America;  secured  em 
ployment  with  a  horn  company  in  Leominster,  Mass. ;  and  now  is 
the  owner  and  president  of  five  horn  and  celluloid  companies  in 
Worcester  county,  Mass.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Leo- 
minster  and  Clinton  street  railway  company;  and  has  also  been 
largely  interested  in  other  electric  roads.  In  1898-1902  he  was  a 
representative  in  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature;  and  has 
held  numerous  positions  of  honor  in  Leominster,  Mass. 

Patterson,  Benjamin,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1859,  in  Al 
bany,  N.Y.  Since  1881  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law ;  and  has  made  a  specialty  of  riparian  rights.  He  has  been 
engaged  as  counsel  in  many  of  the  leading  litigations  involving 
riparian  grants  in  and  about  the  waters  surrounding  Manhattan, 
Long  Island  and  Staten  Island;  and  also  represents  many  large 
construction  companies,  defending  and  adusting  negligence  cases. 
Patterson,  Christopher  Stuart,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  June 
24,  1842,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Pennsylvania 
railroad  company;  and  president  of  the  Western  fund  of  Phila 
delphia.  He  is  the  author  of  Memoir  of  Theodore  Cuyler;  Rail 
way  Accident  Law ;  Federal  Restraints  on  State  Action ;  and  The 
United  States  and  the  State  under  the  Constitution. 

Patterson,  James  Kennedy,  president  state  college  of  Kentucky 
educator,  college  president,  was  born  March  26,  1833,  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland.  He  entered  the  Hanover  college,  Indiana,  in  1851,  and 
in  course  received  the  degrees  of  B.A.,  A.M.  and  Ph.D.  He  has 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  297 

attained  success  in  educational  work;  for  three  years  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Greenville  Presbyterian  academy,  Ky. ;  was  professor 
of  languages,  history  and  metaphysics  in  various  institutions ;  and 
since  1869  has  been  president  of  the  States  college  of  Kentucky, 
which  has  been  built  up  mainly  by  his  efforts.  He  has  been  a 
delegate  from  Kentucky  to  the  international  congress  of  geograph 
ical  sciences  at  Paris  in  1875 ;  and  a  delegate  to  the  British  asso 
ciation  for  the  advancement  of  science  at  Leeds  in  1890 ;  and  is  a 
member  of  numerous  scientific  bodies.  Since  1869  he  has  been 
president  of  the  State  college  of  Kentucky;  and  resides  in  Lex 
ington,  Ky. 

Paterson,  Thomas  MacDonald,  United  States  senator  from  Col 
orado,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1840,  in  Ireland.  In  1874  he  was  appoint 
ed  attorney  for  the  city  of  Denver,  Col.  He  was  elected  a  dele 
gate  from  Colorado  to  the  forty-fourth  congress;  and  upon  the 
admission  of  Colorado  as  a  state  in  1876  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from  that  state  to  the  forty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  congresses 
as  a  democrat. 

Paxson,  Edward  M.,  journalist,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Sept. 
3,  1824,  in  Buckingham,  Pa.  He  learned  the  printing  business, 
and  in  1842  founded  the  Newton  Journal ;  and  in  1847  moved  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  established  the  Daily  News.  He  subse 
quently  turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1850.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
court  of  comomn  pleas  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia ;  and  the  follow 
ing  year  was  elected  to  the  office.  In  1874  he  was  elected  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  subsequently  chief  jus 
tice.  He  edited  Brown's  Collection  of  Laws,  and  is  the  author  of 
Memoirs  of  the  Johnson  Family ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Paxton,  William  Miller,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  June 
7,  1824,  in  Adams  county,  Pa.  In  1843  he  graduated  from  the 
Pennsylvania  college,  and  from  the  Princeton  theological  sem 
inary  in  1848,  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  D.D.  and  LL.D. 
He  filled  pastorates  in  Greencastle  and  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  was  pro 
fessor  of  sacred  rhetoric  in  the  Western  theological  seminary  dur 
ing  1860-65 ;  was  pastor  of  the  First  presbyterian  church  of  New 
York  city,  during  1866-83;  and  for  several  years  was  a  lecturer 
in  the  Union  theological  seminary.  Since  1883  he  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  ecclesiastical,  homiletical  and  pastoral  theology  in  the 
Princeton  theological  seminary.  In  1880  he  was  moderator  of 
the  general  assembly  of  the  presbyterian  church  of  the  United 
States ;  since  1866  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  foreign  mis 
sions,  and  president  of  the  board  in  1881-83 ;  and  since  1867  has 
been  a  trustee  of  the  Princeton  college. 


298  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Pearce,  Haywood  Jefferson,  educator,  college  president,  was 
born  Aug.  26,  1871,  in  Columbus,  Ga.  He  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.  from  Emory  college  of  Georgia;  received  the  de 
gree  of  A.M.  from  Chicago  university;  and  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  Wurzburg  university  of  Germany.  He  has  attained  note  as 
a  successful  educator ;  and  was  president  of  Columbus  female  col 
lege  of  Georgia.  He  is  now  associate-president  of  Brenau  college- 
conservatory  of  Gainesville,  Ga. ;  and  professor  of  philosophy 
and  psychology  in  that  institution. 

Pearce,  James  Alfred,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
appeals  of  Maryland,  was  born  April  2,  1840,  in  Chestertown,  Md. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Washington  college ; 
and  in  1860  graduated  from  Princeton  university.  In  1860-97  he 
practiced  law  in  Chesterton,  Md. ;  and  has  filled  various  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1897  he  has  been  associate-justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  Maryland;  and  resides  in 
Chesterton,  Md. 

Pearse,  Carroll  Gardiner,  educator,  administrator,  founder, 
author,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1858,  in  Tabor,  Iowa.  In  1888-95  he 
was  superintendent  of  schools  of  Beatrice,  Neb.  In  1895-1904 
he  was  superintendent  of  the  city  schools  of  Omaha,  Neb.;  and 
under  his  able  management  they  have  been  brought  to  a  state  of 
excellence.  Since  1904  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  schools 
of  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Nebraska  state 
teachers'  association;  and  president  of  the  Nebraska  schoolmas 
ters'  club.  For  many  years  he  was  a  lecturer  and  instructor  in 
the  normal  institutes  of  Nebraska.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
educational  Monographs. 

Pearson,  Samuel,  mining  engineer,  was  born  Pan.  2,  1862,  in 
South  Africa.  He  was  educated  in  the  South  African  public 
schools  and  at  Hilton  college;  and  in  1906  became  an  American 
citizen.  In  1899  he  entered  the  Boer  service  as  a  private ;  served 
throughout  the  Boer  war;  and  in  1900  became  quartermaster- 
general  in  the  Boer  army.  In  1900-01  he  was  a  special  agent  of 
the  Boers  in  the  United  States.  He  is  president  of  the  American 
South  African  commerce  company  of  Allentown,  Pa.,  the  object 
of  which  is  to  foster  trade  between  South  Africa  and  the  United 
States.  He  is  a  successful  consulting  engineer  of  Scranton,  Pa. 

Peaslee,  John  Bradley,  educator,  statesman,  author,  poet,  was 
born  Sept.  3,  1842,  in  Plaistow,  N.H.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  attended  the  Atkinson  and 
Gilmanton  academies;  and  in  1863  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
college.  He  has  been  principal  of  the  high  school  of  Groveland, 
Mass. ;  was  principal  of  the  north  grammar  school  of  Columbus, 
Ohio ;  and  in  1874-86  was  superintendent  of  public  schools  of  Gin- 


OP  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  299 

cinnati,  Ohio.  While  superintendent  he  inaugurated  the  celebra 
tion  of  Arbor  day  in  the  public  schools  of  the  northwest.  In  1895 
he  was  democratic  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  of  Ohio; 
and  in  1900  was  democratic  candidate  for  congress.  He  is  a  life 
member  of  the  national  educational  association;  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Ohio  state  board  of  examiners  for  teachers ;  and 
a  director  of  the  university  of  Cincinnati.  He  is  the  author  of 
Thoughts  and  Experiences  In  and  Out  of  School;  Graded  Selec 
tions  for  Memorizing;  Occasional  Verses  and  Sacred  Poems; 
Tree  and  Tree  Planting,  with  Exercises  and  Directions  for  the 
Celebration  of  Arbor  Day ;  German  Instruction  in  Public  Schools ; 
and  other  works. 

Peck,  Harry  Thurston,  educator,  author,  was  born  Nov.  24, 
1856,  in  Stamford,  Conn.  He  received  his  preparatory  education 
in  private  schools.  In  1881  he  graduated  from  the  Columbia  uni 
versity  ;  has  received  the  honorary  degrees  of  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  L.H.D., 
and  LL.D. ;  and  has  studied  in  Berlin,  Paris,  and  Rome.  In  1897- 
1901  he  was  literary  editor  of  the  Commercial  Advertiser ;  and  in 
1895-1902  was  editor  of  the  Bookman  of  New  York  City.  In  1881- 
88  he  was  professor  of  Latin  at  Columbia  university.  He  is  the 
author  of  Personal  Equation;  Latin  Pronunciation;  Graystone 
and  Porphyry;  The  Adventures  of  Mabel;  What  is  Good  Eng 
lish?;  Twenty  Years  of  Republic;  The  Life  of  Prescott;  and  Hilda 
and  Her  Wishes. 

Peck,  Hiram  David,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  March 
23,  1844,  in  Harrison  county,  Ky.  He  was  a  private  in  company 
A,  eighty-sixth  regiment  Ohio  infantry  in  1862.  In  1876  he  was 
a  city  solicitor  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  in  1883-89  was  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Peck,  Josiah  Washington,  state  senator  of  Missouri,  was  born 
Sept.  28,  1856,  in  Mount  Bridges,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  was 
educated  at  the  state  normal  school  of  Peru,  Neb. ;  attended  the 
university  of  Wisconsin  at  Madison,  Wis. ;  and  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  the  Washington  university  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law;  for  several 
years  has  been  connected  with  the  Farmers'  bank  of  Westboro, 
Mo.;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  that  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Missouri  state  senate 
from  the  first  district  for  the  term  of  1905-09;  and  resides  in 
Westboro,  Mo. 

Peek,  Comer  L.,  lawyer,  railroad  manager,  business  man,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  13,  1851,  in  Hancock  county,  Ga.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  and 
graduated  from  the  Emory  college  of  Oxford,  Ga.  He  has  been 
general  manager  Starke  and  Sampson  City  railroad  company; 


300  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

vice-president  Atlantic,  Suwanee  River  and  Gulf  railroad  com 
pany;  land  commissioner  of  the  latter  company;  and  also  of  the 
Atlantic  lumber  company.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and  timber 
expert  of  Starke,  Fla. ;  and  the  author  of  Stephen  Hightower's 
Repentance,  and  of  Stephen  Hightower  as  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
which  are  serio-comic  political  episodes  in  the  south  since  the 
civil  war;  and  resides  in  Starke,  Fla. 

Penrose,  Stephen  Beasley  Linnard,  president  Whitman  col 
lege,  was  born  Dec.  20,  1864,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Williams  college,  graduating  in  1885  with  the  degree  of 
A.B.;  and  in  1890  with  the  degrees  of  B.D.  from  Yale  university. 
In  1886-87  he  taught  in  Williams  college.  In  1890  he  went  as  a 
home  missionary  to  Dayton,  Wash. ;  and  became  pastor  of  the 
Congregational  church  in  that  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  board  of  commissioners  for  foreign  missions.  Since 
1894  he  has  been  president  and  Gushing  Fells  professor  of  men 
tal  and  moral  science  at  Whitman  college ;  and  resides  in  Walla 
Walla,  Wash. 

Ferine,  EdKvard  Ten  Broeck,  accountant,  expert,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1870,  in  Plainfield,  N.  J.  Until  1893  he  was  an  officer  in 
the  Third  national  bank  of  Jersey  City,  N.  J. ;  in  1893-1904  was 
cashier,  then  treasurer,  of  the  United  States  mortgage  and  trust 
company ;  and  is  now  general  manager  and  chief  operating  officer 
of  the  Audit  company  of  New  York  city.  He  has  been  active 
assignee  in  connection  with  important  Wall  street  failures ;  has 
been  expert  witness  in  cases  of  important  financial  litigation ;  is 
a  noted  financial  writer;  and  a  speaker  at  recent  conventions  of 
the  American  bankers'  association.  He  is  a  director  of  the  First 
national  bank  of  Bayonne,  N.J.;  and  a  director  in  various  other 
banks  and  corporations. 

Perkins,  George  Clement,  banker,  legislator,  governor,  United 
States  senator,  was  born  Aug.  £3,  1839,  in  Kennebunkport  Maine. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  went  to  sea  on  the  Golden  iiagle 
as  a  cabin  boy;  followed  this  calling  and  that  of  a  sailor  lor  sev 
eral  years ;  and  in  1855  shipped  before  the  mast  on  a  sailing  vessel 
bound  for  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi 
ness  at  Qroville  and  was  very  successlul;  and  subsequently  en 
gaged  in  banking,  milling,  mining,  and  the  steamship  business, 
in  which  he  has  been  engaged  during  the  past  twenty-three  years, 
operating  steamships  on  the  coasts  of  California,  Oregon,  Wash 
ington,  British  Columbia,  Alaska  and  Mexico.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  to  the  state  senate,  serving  eight  years.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Merchants'  exchange  in  San  Francisco.  In  1879- 
83  he  was  governor  of  California.  In  1893-1915  he  was  a  member 
of  the  United  States  senate.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Cham- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  301 

her  of  commerce;  and  president  of  the  San  Francisco  art  asso 
ciation. 

Perkins,  Jabez,  physician,  surgeon,  legislator,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1820,  in  Defiance,  Ohio.  For  ten  years  he  practiced  medicine 
in  Springville,  Mich.,  and  since  1860  in  Owosso.  In  1862  he  took 
charge  of  a  hospital  in  Nashville;  became  surgeon  of  Kentucky 
volunteers;  and  medical  director  of  the  second  army  corps,  and 
subsequently  of  the  cavalry  corps,  army  of  the  Cumberland.  Dur 
ing  1858-59  he  served  with  distinction  as  a  representative  in  the 
Michigan  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Owosso,  Mich. 

Perrin,  John  William,  educator,  librarian,  author,  was  born 
about  1860.  In  1887  he  graduated  from  the  Illinois  Wesleyan 
university  as  A.B. ;  and  in  1889  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Wabash  college.  He  was  a  student  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  uni 
versity;  and  was  a  graduated  student  in  history,  politcal  science 
and  sociology,  and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Chicago,  111.  In  1887-88  he  was  assistant  principal  of 
the  high  school  of  Danville,  111. ;  in  1 888-89  was  superintendent  of 
city  schools  of  Petersburg,  111.,  and  in  1889-90  was  assistant  super 
intendent  of  the  schools  of  Cook  county,  III.  In  1893-94  he  was 
professor  of  history  and  economics  in  the  first  Wisconsin  state 
normal  school  at  Platteville;  in  1894-98  was  professor  of  history 
and  political  science  in  Allegheny  college ;  and  was  a  lecturer  in 
history  for  the  American  society  for  the  extension  of  university 
teaching.  He  was  professor  of  history  and  politcal  economics  in 
the  Chautauqau  college  for  liberal  arts;  in  1898-1904  was  pro 
fessor  of  history  in  the  Adelbert  college  of  the  Western  Reserve 
university.  In  1904  he  was  Albert  Shaw's  lecturer  on  American 
diplomatic  history  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  university;  and  in  1905 
lectured  on  American  history  in  the  Allegheny  college.  Since 
1906  he  has  been  librarian  of  the  Case  library  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
In  1907  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Ohio  library  association. 

Peters,  Edward  Dyer,  educator,  metallurgist,  author,  was  born 
June  1,  1849,  in  Dorchester,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
School  of  mines  of  Frieberg,  Saxony,  in  1869;  and  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.  from  Harvard  university.  In  1872  he  was  terri 
torial  assayer  of  Colorado  and  in  1898  was  vice-president  of  the 
American  instiute  of  mining  engineers.  Since  1904  he  has  been 
professor  of  metallurgy  at  Harvard  university.  He  is  the  author 
of  Modern  Copper  Smelting,  in  fifteen  editions;  and  Principles 
of  Copper  Smelting ;  and  also  many  technical  and  scientific  Mono 
graphs. 

Peterson,  J.  P.,  state  representative  of  Wisconsin,  was  born 
March  21,  1859,  in  Denmark.  He  received  a  normal  and  collegiate 
education;  and  for  the  past  forty  years  has  been  a  resident  of 


302  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Wisconsin.  He  is  now  a  successful  merchant  at  Luck,  Wis. ;  and 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his 
community.  He  has  been  town  clerk,  chairman  of  the  town 
board,  and  a  member  of  the  county  board.  For  fourteen  years 
he  was  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools ;  and  for  six  years  was 
county  superintendent  of  schools  for  Polk  county,  Wis.  He  has 
been  postmaster;  and  is  a  justice  of  the  peace,  notary  public  and 
a  member  of  the  school  board.  He  is  now  a  representative  to  the 
Wisconsin  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Luck,  Wis. 

Pettit.  Henry,  civil  engineer,  architect,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
23.  1842.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  classical 
school  of  John  M.  Farius  at  the  university  of  Pennsvlvania,  where 
he  received  the  honorarv  decree  of  M.S.:  and  studied  civil  engi 
neering,  architecture  and  music.  In  1862-74  he  was  in  the  bridge 
construction  department  of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  comnanv ; 
and  in  1873  was  sent  bv  the  United  States  continental  commission 
as  a  special  aeent  to  the  Vienna  exposition.  Tn  1873-77  he  was  an 
engineer  and  architect  of  the  United  States  centennial  exposition 
of  Philadelphia.  Pa. :  in  1876  he  was  chief  of  the  bureau  of  instal 
lation  of  the  United  States  centennial  exposition  :  and  in  1893 
was  a  member  of  the  advisorv  art  commission  of  Pennsvlvania  at 
the  world's  Columbian  exposition.  He  has  traveled  extensive!^ 
and  has  made  two  tours  around1  the  world.  He  is  the  author  of  A 
Twentieth  Centurv  Idealist. 

Phelan,  Jarnes  Duval  lawver.  banker.  ^as  born  Anril  90  1861. 
in  San  Francisco.  Cal.  He  received  the  de<rrep  of  A.B..  from  St. 
IVnathis  college.  Tn  1896-1902  he  was  ma.vor  of  San  Franrisro. 
Cal.  After  the  San  Francisco  disaster  he  was  proclaimed  bv 
President  "Roosevelt  to  receive  funds  and  use  the  United  States 
mint  as  a  depository.  He  is  president  of  the  Mutual  savins 
bank  of  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Phelps,  Alonzo  S.,  mavor  of  Martinsville.  111.,  was  born  in 
1872.  in  Delaware.  Iowa.  He  received  a  thorough  education  :  and 
praduated  in  medicine  from  the  Hahnemann  medical  college  of 
Chicago,  111.  He  is  a  successful  phvsician  and  surgeon  of  Martins 
ville.  111.;  and  prominentlv  identified  with  the  business  and  miblic 
affairs  of  that  citv.  He  is  now  filling  the  office  of  mavor  of  the 
city  of  Martinsville,:  and  resides  in  Martinsville,  111. 

Phelps,  E.  Frisbie,  iournalist.  lawver,  life  insurance  organizer, 
was  born  June  18, 1840,  in  Burlin^on,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  at  the  Elmwood  academv  of 
Illinois ;  at  Oberlin  college :  for  one  vear  was  a  student  in  tbe  law 
department  of  the  university  of  Illinois ;  and  in  1866  graduated 
from  Yale  university  as  LL.B.  For  five  years  he  practiced  law  in 
Neosho,  Mo. ;  and  then  became  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Gales- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  303 

burg  (111.)  Daily  Register  and  Republican  Register.  In  1877  he 
organized  and  founded  the  Covenant  mutal  life  association  of 
Galesburg,  111.,  which  company  he  managed  for  about  fourteen 
years.  He  became  comptroller  of  the  Mutal  reserve;  and  vice- 
president  and  agency  manager  of  the  National  life  insurance  com 
pany  of  Hartford,  Conn.  He  was  general  agency  manager  of  the 
American  union  life  insurance  company  of  New  York ;  and  of  the 
Hartford  life  insurance  company.  He  is  president  of  the  United 
mining  company  of  New  York  city;  is  a  director  and  treasurer 
of  the  Atlantic  fibre  company;  and  a  director  of  the  Solid  com 
fort  shoe  company. 

Philbrick,  John,  first  lieutenant  United  States  army,  was  born 
May  20,  1877,  in  Seabrook,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  the  New 
Hampshire  state  college  of  Durham.  As  an  officer  in  the  United 
States  army  he  has  seen  service  in  various  capacities ;  and  has  at 
tained  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  Since  1907  he  has  held  the 
rank  of  first  second  lieutenant  in  the  United  States  artillery 
corps ;  and  is  now  stationed  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va. 

Phillips,  Edwin,  physician,  surgeon,  gynecologist,  was  born 
Oct.  19,  1893,  in  Tinmouth,  Vt.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Oberlin,  Ohio.  In  1861  he  graduated  from 
the  department  of  medicine  and  surgery  at  the  university  of 
Michigan  and  in  1866  graduated  from  the  college  of  physicians 
and  surgeons  in  the  city  of  New  York.  He  has  been  professor  of 
gynecology  at  the  Minneapolis  college  of  physicians  and  sur 
geons  in  Hamline  university ;  and  has  a  large  and  successful  prac 
tice  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medi 
cal  and  scientific  societies  of  Minnesota. 

Phillips,  Maude  Gillette,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  9, 
1860,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  In  1881  she  gradauted  from  Wellesley 
college.  She  has  written  much  for  magazines  in  fiction  and  criti 
cism  under  pen-names.  She  is  a  woman  of  wide  social  experience 
and  a  member  of  Sorosis.  She  is  the  author  of  Popular  Manual 
of  English  Literature ;  and  numerous  short  stories. 

Phoenix,  Lloyd,  naval  officer,  was  born  in  1841  in  New  York 
city.  He  entered  the  naval  acadamy  at  Annapolis  in  the  year 
of  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  He  served  as  a  lieutenant 
a  little  more  than  a  year  after  his  entry  in  the  navy ;  and  for  the 
ensuing  three  years  was  engaged  in  many  contests  which  called 
for  the  best  qualities  of  the  sailor.  He  has  spent  much  of  his  life 
on  the  water;  and  is  the  owner  of  the  Intrepid,  a  three-masted 
schooner.  He  has  a  valuable  collection  of  paintings  and  buic- 
a-brac.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  yacht  club ;  is  a  member 
of  the  Military  order  of  the  loyal  legion;  and  a  member  of  the 
Union  and  various  other  clubs  of  New  York  city. 


304  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Pickard,  Josiah  Little,  eduator,  college  president,  was  born 
March  17,1824,  in  Rowly,  Mass.  For  thirteen  years  he  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  academy  at  Platteville,  Wis. ;  for  five  pears  was 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  for  Wisconsin ;  and  in  1864- 
77  was  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Chicago,  111.  In 
1878-87  he  was  president  of  the  university  of  Iowa.  In 
1871-1900  he  was  president  of  the  Iowa  historical  society. 

Pierce,  Frank,  first  assistant  secretary  of  the  interior,  was 
born  April  3,  1857,  in  Londonderry,  Vt.  In  1877  he  graduated 
form  the  Burr  and  Burton  seminary  of  Manchester,  Vt. ;  and  in 
1881  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Williams  college.  Since 
1886  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah;  and  makes  a  specialty  of  mining  law.  In  1890-92 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Utah  legislature,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Utah  constitutional  convention.  In  1907  he  became  first 
assistant  secretary  of  the  interior  at  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1891- 
94  he  was  president  of  the  Young  men's  Christian  association  of 
Utah.  He  is  a  lecturer  on  mining  law  at  the  university  of  Utah ; 
and  since  1892  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents  of  that 
institution  of  learning. 

Pinnell,  Ethan  Allen,  educator,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was 
born  Nov.  17,  1834,  in  Crawford  county,  Mo.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Missouri  and  subsequently 
taught  in  the  schools  of  Missouri  and  Illinois.  He  served 
four  years  in  the  confederate  service  as  captain  of  com 
pany  D,  eighth  regiment  Missouri  infantry.  After  the  war  he 
continued  teaching  until  1873  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Steelville,  Mo.  During  1882-86  he  was  judge  of  probate  in  his 
native  county;  and  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer.  In  1893 
he  moved  to  Florida,  where  he  is  a  solicitor  in  chancery,  abstrac 
tor  of  land  titles  and  successful  lawyer;  and  resides  in  Bronson, 
Fla. 

Pitkin,  Edward  Powell,  member  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 
was  born  Feb.  18,  1837,  in  Ogdensburg,  N.Y.  He  graduated  from 
the  Michigan  university ;  and  soon  attained  sucsess  in  the  practice 
of  law.  In  1860  he  was  city  clerk  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  In  1862- 
63  he  was  adjutant  in  the  twentieth  regiment  Michigan  infan 
try  ;  became  assistant  adjutant-general  in  1863 ;  became  adjutant- 
general  of  the  first  brigade,  fifth  division,  ninth  army  corps.  In 
1864-65  he  was  captain  in  the  V.  R.  C.  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general  to  the  provost  marshal  general  of  Indiana.  In  1885-88  he 
was  captain  in  the  Colorado  national  guard.  In  1886-88  he  was 
reading  clerk  in  both  the  house  and  state  senate  of  Colorado.  In 
1883  was  with  Lumber  company  of  Aurora;  and  with  Rathbone, 
Sard  and  company  df  Aurora  111.  He  is  an  attbrn&y-at-law  by 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  305 

profession;  and  private  secretary  to  United  States  Senator  Hop 
kins.  Since  1903  he  has  been  clerk  of  the  fisheries  committee  in 
the  United  States  senate;  and  resides  in  Aurora,  111. 

Pitman,  Benn,  author,  educator,  art  critic,  was  born  July  24, 
1822,  in  England.  After  four  years  of  experimenting  he  was  the 
first  to  perfect  the  modern  method  of  producing  and  printing 
from  relief  copper  plates.  For  this  he  received  a  silver  medal 
from  the  Art  and  Manufacturers'  exposition  in  1858.  In  1863-67 
he  was  recorder  of  military  commissions  for  the  United  States 
government;  and  in  1867-73  was  general  reporter.  He  founded 
and  is  president  of  the  Phonographic  institute  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
During  1873-93  he  was  a  lecturer  on  art  and  teacher  of  practical 
art  in  the  Cincinnati  Art  academy.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Re 
porter's  Companion;  Manual  of  Phonography;  Phonographic 
Dictionary;  and  A  Plea  for  Alphabetical  Reform. 

Platt,  Isaac  Hull,  physician,  author,  was  born  May  18,  1853,  in 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  Polytechnic  institute  of 
Brooklyn,  N.Y. ;  and  graduated  from  the  Columbia  law  school  and 
from  the  Long  Island  college  hospital.  In  1886-97  he  practiced 
medicine  in  Lakewood,  N.J. ;  and  since  1897  has  traveled  exten 
sively  in  Europe.  For  the  last  five  years  he  has  spent  most  of  his 
time  in  New  York  City.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  climat- 
ological  association;  a  member  of  the  society  of  Cincinnati;  a 
member  of  the  New  York  academy  of  medicine ;  a  member  of  the 
Sons  of  Revolution;  and  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  war  of 
1812 ;  a  member  of  the  New  York  genealogical  and  biographical 
society ;  and  a  member  of  the  Historical  society  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  the  author  of  Bacon  Cryptograms  in  Shakespeare,  and 
Other  Studies ;  and  Walt  Whitman,  in  Beacon  Biographies  Series. 

Platt,  Thomas  Collier,  United  States  senator  from  New  York, 
was  born  July  15,  1833,  in  Oswego,  N.Y.  He  was  president  of  the 
Tioga  national  bank  at  its  organization;  and  became  largely  in 
terested  in  the  lumbering  business  in  Michigan.  He  was  county 
clerk  of  the  county  of  Tioga  in  1859-61.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
forty-third  and  forty-fourth  congresses.  He  was  elected  United 
States  senator  in  1881,  and  resigned  that  office  May  16  of  the 
same  year;  and  was  chosen  secretary  and  director  of  the  United 
States  Express  company  in  1879,  and  in  1880  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  company.  He  was  member  and  president  of  the  board 
of  quarantine  commissioners  of  New  York  from  1880  till  1888. 
He  was  president  of  the  Southern  Central  railroad.  Since  1897  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  is  now  serving 
the  term  of  1903-09 ;  and  resides  in  Oswego,  N.Y. 

Plush,  Samuel  Millard,  soldier,  physician,  inventor,  was  born 
in  1840  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Chris- 


306  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tian  M.  and  Catherine  T.  Plush.  During  the  civil  war  he  served 
under  a  lieutenant's  commission  in  the  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
fifth  regiment  Pennsylvania  infantry.  He  then  studied  medicine ; 
and  has  attained  much  success  in  that  profession  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  He  is  the  inventor  of  an  electric  magnetic  device  for  guard 
ing  buildings  and  various  other  electrical  methods  and  appli 
ances  ;  and  is  well  known  as  a  physicist  at  home  and  abroad.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  director  nd  general  manager  of  The  Tele 
phone  company  of  Philadelphia;  and  is  an  active  spirit  in  insti 
tutes  and  in  societies  for  the  advancement  of  science  and  the  pro 
motion  of  mechanic  arts ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Poison,  James  T.,  physician,  statesman,  was  born  Sept.  1, 
1839,  in  Jasper,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  has  attained  success  as  a  practic 
ing  physician  of  Laclede,  Mo.  He  has  been  people's  party  com- 
mitteeman  on  state  and  national  committee ;  and  in  1896  was  the 
congressional  candidate  of  the  people's  party.  He  has  always  be 
lieved  in  the  money  question  to  be  the  great  issue  confronting  the 
American  people.  He  is  a  member  of  the  peoples  party  national 
committee  from  Missouri;  and  resides  in  Laclede,  Mo. 

Pomeroy,  Harlan,  physician,  obstetrician,  scientist,  was  born 
June  27,  1833,  in  Strongsville,  Ohio.  He  was  a  student  at  Oberlin 
college ;  and  in  1879  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  Homeo 
pathic  hospital  college  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  1881-84  he  was 
attending  physician  of  the  Good  Samaritan  dispensary;  in  1884- 
91  was  professor  of  physiology,  hygiene  and  sanitary  science;  in 
1891-94  he  was  professor  of  obstetrics;  and  since  1894  has  been 
dean  of  the  training  schools  for  nurses.  He  is  also  consulting  ob 
stetrician  to  the  Trinity  hospital  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Since  1880 
he  has  been  secretary  of  the  Cleveland  homeopathic  hospital  so- 
society ;  is  a  member  of  the  American  institute  of  homeopathy  and 
the  Ohio  state  medical  society ;  and  a  mason  and  knight  templar. 
He  is  director  of  the  Cleveland,  Southwestern  and  Columbus  rail 
way;  and  has  traveled  extensively  in  America  and  in  Europe; 
and  has  contributed  extensively  to  technical  journals  on  medical 
and  scientific  subjects. 

Pope,  Benjamin  W.,  educator,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1853,  in  Franklin  county,  111.,  and  attended  school  at  the  St. 
Louis  and  Chicago  law  schools.  He  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  in  DuQuoin  and  Tamaroa,  111. ;  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1878.  In  1890-94  he  was  county  judge  of  Perry  county,  HI.; 
served  four  terms  as  mayor  of  DuQuoin,  111. ;  and  one  term  as 
states  attorney  for  Perry  county,  111.  In  1893-97  he  was  post 
master  of  his  city;  is  now  judge  of  the  city  court  of  the  city  of 
DuQuoin,  HI.,  for  the  term  of  1909-13 ;  and  resides  in  DuQuoin,  111. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  307 

Pope,  James  Worden,  colonel  United  States  army,  was  born 
June  6,  1846,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  In  1862-64  he  studied  in  the  uni 
versity  of  Indiana;  and  graduated  from  the  United  States  mili 
tary  academy  at  West  Point.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  second 
lieutenant  of  the  fifth  infantry ;  and  subsequently  was  engaged  in 
Indian  campaigns  under  Carr,  Wood  and  other  generals.  In  1904 
he  was  chief  quartermaster  of  the  department  of  Colorado;  in 
1904-07  was  in  command  of  the  Philadelphia  depot;  and  since 
1907  has  been  chief  quartermaster  of  the  department  of  the  gulf. 
In  1879  he  traveled  through  China  and  Japan.  He  is  the  author 
of  various  articles  on  professional  subjects  in  the  Military  Ser 
vice  Journal  and  other  publications. 

Pope,  Young  John,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Carolina,  was  born  April  10,  1841,  in  Newberry,  S.C.  He 
entered  the  confederate  army  as  private,  rising  to  be  adjutant 
and  afterward  assistant  adjutant-general  Conner's  brigade  of 
infantry.  In  1865-68  he  was  district  judge  of  Newberry;  was 
five  years  mayor  of  Newberry ;  and  afterward  member  of  the  leg 
islature  and  state  senator.  In  1890-91  he  was  attorney-general  of 
South  Carolian.  Since  1891  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  South  Carolina,  and  is  now  serving  his 
term  of  1900-1910;  and  resides  in  Columbia,  S.C. 

Porter,  George  Loring,  soldier,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born 
April  29,  1838,  in  Concord,  N.H.  He  attended  the  New  London 
academy,  and  the  Brown  university  of  Providence,  B.I.,  from 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  1859  with  the  degree  of  A.M. 
During  the  war  he  was  captain  and  brevet  major  in  the  United 
States  army.  In  1862  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  general  hos 
pital  at  Strasburg,  placed  in  charge  of  the  hospital  and  took 
care  of  the  confederate  wounded  also.  He  has  attained  success 
in  his  profession  at  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  has  been  president  of  the 
Connecticut  medical  society,  and  vice-president  of  several  medical 
bodies.  He  has  contributed  valuable  papers  for  medical  lit 
erature  and  was  instrumental  in  the  passage  of  the  coroner's  law 
of  Connecticut  in  1882;  and  resides  in  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Porter,  Horace,  soldier,  manufacturer,  railroad  president,  au 
thor,  was  born  April  15,  1837,  in  Huntington,  Pa.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Harrisburg  academy ;  and  at  Lawrenceville,  N. J.  In 
1854  he  entered  the  scientific  department  of  Harvard  university. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  invented  a  water  test  for  boilers. 
In  1865  he  entered  the  civil  war  as  a  second  lieutenant;  and  in 
1865  was  brevetted  brigadier-general.  In  1866  he  was  given  the 
rank  of  colonel.  In  1868  he  was  sent  on  a  tour  of  inspection  of 
the  army  posts;  and  in  1866-68  served  in  the  Ku-Klux  war  in 
Arkansas.  He  was  President  Grant's  private  secretary.  For 


308  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

many  years  he  was  also  president  of  the  New  York,  West  Shore 
and  Buffalo  railroad  company.  In  1897-1905  he  was  United  States 
ambassador  to  France ;  and  recovered  the  body  of  John  Paul 
Jones  at  a  personal  expense.  He  is  the  author  of  West  Point  Life. 

Posey,  John  W.,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1847, 
in  Petersburg,  Ind.  He  attended  the  Georgetown  academy,  and 
the  Baylor  university.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and  land  agent 
of  Austin,  Texas ;  has  been  county  treasurer ;  justice  of  the  peace ; 
county  comimssioner  of  Nolan  county ;  and  has  held  various  other 
public  positions  of  trust. 

Potter,  William,  lawyer,  college  president,  was  born  Aug.  17, 
1852,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1892-94  he  was  United  States  min 
ister  to  Italy.  In  1907  he  was  a  nominee  for  mayor  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  manager  of  the  Philadelphia  institution  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb ;  and  is  president  of  the  Jefferson  medical  college 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Powell,  Edward  Alexander,  horticulturist,  railroad  president, 
was  born  Jan.  27,  1838,  in  Shadeland,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  and  private  schools.  In  1860-62  he  taught  in  Wester, 
Ohio.  In  1863  he  was  in  the  nursery  business  in  Shadeland,  Pa. ; 
and  in  1868  moved  to  Syracuse,  N.Y.  He  is  engaged  as  a  nursery 
man  ;  is  in  the  real  estate  business ;  and  is  also  a  blooded  live  stock 
importer  and  exporter.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Lakeside 
stock  farm;  and  proprietor  of  the  Syracuse  nurseries.  He  was 
president  of  the  Syracuse  Lakeside  and  Baldwinsville  railway; 
md  was  president  of  the  chamber  of  commerce. 

Powell,  James  L.,  soldier,  farmer,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1834,  in  Plentifull,  Va.  In  1859  he  located  as  a  lawyer  in 
Roane  county,  W.Va. ;  and  in  1860  was  elected  attorney  for  the 
state  in  that  county.  In  1861  he  was  under  the  organizers ;  was 
elected  captain  of  the  volunteer  company  of  the  confederate  states 
army.  In  1862  he  joined  Mercer's  cavalry  company  of  the  ninth 
Virginia  cavalry  and  saw  active  service  in  the  battles  of  Chancel- 
lorsville  and  Gettysburg.  In  1863  he  was  captured  and  held  as 
a  state  prisoner.  In  1865  he  was  exchanged  and  returned  home. 
In  1866  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1876-85  represen 
ted  his  county  and  district  in  the  state  legislture.  He  was  also 
elected  states  attorney  for  the  county  of  Spotsylvania.  He  has 
been  eminenly  successful  as  a  farmer,  lawyer  and  statesman. 

Powers,  James  Knox,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Aug.  15,  1851,  in  Florence,  Ala.  In  1873  he  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Alabama  with  the  degree  of  A.M.  and  received  the 
highest  grade  ever  made  in  the  history  of  the  university.  In  1897 
he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  university  of  Alabama. 
In  1873  he  was  professor  of  mathematics  and  in  1888-97  was  pres- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  309 

ident  of  the  state  normal  school  of  Florence,  Ala.  In  1897-1901 
he  was  president  of  the  university  of  Alabama.  Since  1901  he 
has  been  southern  representative  of  the  B.  F.  Johnson  publishing 
company  of  Richmond,  Va.  In  1892  he  was  editor  of  Southern 
Education.  In  1886-88  he  was  grand  dictator  of  the  Knights  of 
honor  of  Alabama.  In  1900-01  he  was  president  of  the  association 
of  southern  colleges  and  preparatory  schools ;  is  a  member  of  the 
National  education  association;  and  a  member  of  the  National 
geographical  society.  He  is  one  of  the  authors  of  a  series  of 
arithmetics ;  and  is  the  author  of  numerous  addresses  and  papers 
on  educational  subjects. 

Powers,  Wilbur  Howard,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Jan.  22, 
1849,  in  Croydon,  N.H.  He  attended  the  public  schools;  gradu 
ated  from  Kimments,  and  to  negotiate  a  system  of  sea  postof- 
fices ;  and  in  1891  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  fourth  congress  of  the 
universal  postal  union  at  Vienna.  In  1892-94  he  was  United  States 
minister  to  Italy;  and  in  1904  was  appointed  for  life  a  member 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Philadelphia  city  trusts,  which 
consist  of  the  Stephen  Girard  and  other  trusts  amounting  to  over 
forty  million  dollars.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer;  and  president 
of  the  Jefferson  Medical  college ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Preston,  Andrew  W.,  business  president  of  Boston,  Mass.  He 
is  president  and  director  of  the  United  fruit  company;  is  presi 
dent  and  director  of  the  Belize  royal  mail  and  Central  steamship 
company;  is  president  and  director  of  the  Fruit  dispatch  com 
pany  ;  is  president  and  director  of  the  Hotel  Titchfield  company ; 
is  president  and  director  of  the  Nipe  Bay  company;  and  is  presi 
dent  and  director  of  the  Pittsburg  fruit  and  produce  exchange. 
He  is  also  vice-president  and  director  of  the  Abangary  gold  fields 
of  Costa  Rica ;  and  vice-president  and  director  of  various  railway, 
banking,  mining  and  industrial  corporations. 

Preston,  William  H,,  probate  judge  for  Ford  county,  Kansas, 
was  born  Aug.  15, 1839,  in  Worcestershire,  England.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools;  and  is  a  carpenter  by  trade.  In 
1861-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war  as  sergeant  of  company  C,  twen 
tieth  Iowa  volunteer  infantry ;  and  participated  in  numerous  bat 
tles  and  skirmishes.  He  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  and  police 
judge  in  Dodge  City,  Kan. ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  probate  judge  for  Ford  county, 
Kan. ;  and  resides  in  Dodge  City,  Kan. 

Prettyman,  Elijah  Barrett,  educator,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1830, 
in  Williamsport,  Pa.  He  attended  a  clasiscal  school  in  Baltimore ; 
then  attended  the  Cumberland  academy;  and  subsequently  grad 
uated  from  Dickinson  academy.  He  has  attained  success  in  edu 
cational  work;  has  been  principal  of  Brookeville  academy;  princi- 


310  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

pal  of  Maryland  State  Normal  school;  and  state  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  of  Maryland.  He  is  prominent  in  educa 
tional  affairs;  and  has  contributed  valuable  articles  to  educa 
tional  journals. 

Prime,  Ralph  Earl,  soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  March 
29,  1840,  in  Matteawan,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  academy  of 
White  Plains,  N.Y.,  by  private  tutors ;  studied  medicine ;  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  fifth 
regiment  New  York  volunteer  infantry;  held  four  regimental 
commissions;  and  was  in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes,  at 
taining  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1863  he  was  nominated 
by  President  Lincoln  to  be  brigadier-general.  For  forty-five  years 
he  practiced  law  in  Yonkers;  was  city  attorney  in  1875;  and  in 
1895  was  deputy  attorney-general  for  the  state  of  New  York.  In 
1902-04  he  was  governor-general  of  the  order  of  the  Founders  and 
Patriots  of  America ;  and  in  1897-1909  was  president  of  the  Amer 
ican  flag  association.  He  has  crossed  the  ocean  twenty-two  times ; 
traveling  in  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Descendants  of  James  Prime  and  numerous  monographs. 

Primer,  Sylvester,  soldier,  educator,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1842, 
in  Geneva,  Wis.  For  three  years  he  was  a  student  at  the  LeRoy 
academy;  and  graduated  from  the  Phillips  Exeter  academy.  In 
1874  he  graduated  from  Harvard  university  as  A.B. ;  was  a  stu 
dent  in  the  universities  of  Leipsig,  Gottingen  and  Strasburg,  Ger 
many  ;  and  in  1880  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Strasburg.  He  served  in  the  civil  war  in  both  the  infantry 
and  cavalry ;  and  participated  in  twenty-three  battles.  He  taught 
about  a  year  in  Germany;  and  in  1880  returned  to  the  United 
States.  In  1880-88  he  was  professor  of  modern  languages  at  the 
college  of  Charleston,  S.C. ;  for  one  year  taught  at  the  Friends' 
school  of  Providence,  R.I. ;  in  1890-91  taught  in  the  Colorado 
college  at  Colorado  Springs ;  and  since  1891  has  been  professor  of 
Germanic  languages  in  the  university  of  Texas.  He  has  edited 
Lessing's  Minna  von  Barnhelm;  Nathan  der  Weisse;  Go  the 's  Eg- 
mont;  and  Chamisso's  Peter  Schlemihl,  for  the  Use  of  Schools. 

Prince,  Le  Baron  Bradford,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  senator,  gov 
ernor,  author,  was  born  July  3,  1840,  in  Flushing,  N.Y.  In  1866 
he  graduated  from  the  Columbia  law  school,  and  received  the  de 
grees  of  LL.D.  from  Kenyon,,  and  Colorado  colleges.  In  1871-75 
he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  assembly;  and  in  1872  was 
chaplain  of  the  judiciary  committee,  having  charge  of  impeach 
ment  of  judges  of  New  York  City.  In  1874  he  was  father  of  the 
constitutional  amendment  committee ;  and  in  1866-77  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  state  senate.  In  1878  he  declined  the  gover 
norship  of  Idaho;  in  1878-82  was  chief  justice  of  New  Mexico; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  311 

and  in  1889-1903  was  governor  of  New  Mexico.  Since  1883  he  has 
been  president  of  the  New  Mexico  historical  society ;  and  has  the 
largest  collections  of  American  stone  idols  in  existence.  He  is  the 
author  of  Epluribus  Unum,  or  American  Nationality;  General 
Laws  of  New  Mexico ;  The  American  Church  and  Its  Name ;  and 
the  Money  Problem. 

Prince,  Leon  dishing,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
May  15,  1875,  in  Concord,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  the  New 
York  University,  Dickinson  College  and  Dickinson  School  of  Law ; 
and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  A.M.  and  LL.B.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  bar ;  and  since  1901  has  been  profes 
sor  of  history  and  international  law  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle, 
Pa.  He  is  active  in  the  lecture  field,  his  most  popular  lecture  be 
ing  The  Man  Who  Dares.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Bird's-eye  View 
of  American  History  (Scribner's) ;  and  various  magazine  articles, 
addresses  and  lectures  on  popular  and  educational  themes ;  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Historical  Association ;  the  American  Politi 
cal  Science  Asociation ;  the  American  Bar  Association ;  the  Amer 
ican  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science;  the  International 
Lyceum  Association. 

Proctor,  Thomas  Redfield,  banker,  financier,  was  born  May  25, 
1844,  in  Proctersville,  Vt.  He  was  educated  in  the  English  high 
school  of  Boston,  but  left  just  before  graduation  to  enter  the 
United  States  navy  as  president  of  the  second  national  bank  of 
Utica,  N.Y. ;  president  of  the  American  hardwall  plaster  com 
pany  ;  vice-president  of  the  Utica  daily  press  and  a  trustee  of  the 
Utica  savings  bank  and  trustee  of  the  Utica  trust  company;  as 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  house  of  the  good  shep 
herd,  as  president  to  the  Oneida  historical  society;  life  member 
of  the  New  York  society;  a  member  of  the  society  of  colonial 
wars  and  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  agricultural  society. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  society  for  municipal  improvement  and  a 
member  of  the  American  scenic  and  historical  reservation  society. 
In  1907  he  gave  five  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  public  parks 
for  New  York. 

Prose,  Joseph  Benson,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  8, 1856, 
in  Patriot,  Ohio.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  subsequently  attended  the  Ohio  university  for  three 
years.  In  his  early  days  he  was  engaged  in  educational  work; 
and  is  now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Kansas  at  Hoisington.  He  is 
attorney  for  the  Missouri  and  Pacific  railway  company;  and  a 
most  successful  commercial  and  corporation  lawyer;  and  resides 
in  Hoisington,  Kan. 

Prosser,  William  Farrand,  soldier,  educator,  farmer,  journal 
ist,  pioneer,  statesman,  founder,  author,  was  born  March  16,  1834, 


312  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

in  Lycoming  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  at  Johnstone  academy  of  Pennsylvania;  then  taught  in  the 
public  schools ;  studied  law  and  surveyed  until  1854,  when  he  be 
came  a  miner  in  Trinity  county,  Cal.  He  was  second  lieutenant 
of  the  Trinity  rangers;  and  assisted  the  regular  troops  in  the 
Indian  war  of  1858-59.  In  1860  he  was  the  first  candidate  of  the 
republican  party  in  Trinity  county  for  the  California  legislature. 
In  1861-65  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war ;  was  captured  by  the 
confederate  cavalry  in  1862;  and  later  served  as  quartermaster 
of  the  fifteenth  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  In  1864  he  was  commis 
sioned  major  of  the  second  Tennessee  cavalry ;  became  lieutenant 
colonel  in  1864 ;  and  colonel  in  1865.  He  took  part  in  the  battles 
of  Shiloh,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  the  siege  of  Knoxville,  and 
numerous  minor  engagements;  and  in  1864  was  in  command  of 
the  cavalry  in  the  district  of  North  Alabama.  After  the  war  he 
engaged  in  farming  near  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  in  1867  he  was  elected 
to  the  Tennessee  house  of  representatives;  and  in  1869-71  was  a 
representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  forty-first  congress.  In 
1372-75  he  was  postmaster  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  In  1876  he  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  from  the  state  of  Tennessee  to  the  cen 
tennial  exposition;  and  in  1873  was  appointed  on  a  committee  to 
visit  the  Vienna  exposition.  For  several  years  he  was  special 
agent  for  the  Nashville  Republican.  In  1879-85  he  was  special 
agent  for  the  general  land  office  for  the  territories  of  Oregon, 
Washington  and  Idaho.  In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  Wash 
ington  constitutional  convention;  in  1890-1903  was  chairman  of 
the  board  of  harbor  fine  commissioners  of  Washington;  and  in 
1893-1905  was  mayor  of  North  Yakima,  Wash.  He  founded  the 
town  of  Prosser,  Wash. ;  and  is  now  city  treasurer  of  Seattle, 
Wash.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Puget  Sound  Country,  in 
two  volumes;  and  other  works. 

Pugh,  Samuel  J.,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
28,  1850,  in  Greenup  county,  Ky.  He  has  held  successively  the 
offices  of  city  attorney  in  1872-73;  master  commissioner  of  the 
circuit  court  in  1874-80 ;  county  attorney  in  1878-86 ;  and  county 
judge  in  1886-90.  He  was  delegate  to  the  Kentucky  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1890-91,  and  state  senator  in  1893-94.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  repub 
lican. 

Pulitzer,  Walter,  journalist,  author,  was  born  April  4,  1878, 
in  New  York  City.  He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  American 
chess  magazine ;  and  in  1902  was  editor  of  the  American  Tit  Bits. 
He  is  the  author  of  Chess  Harmonies;  That  Duel  at  the  Chateau 
Marsanac ;  Cozy  Corner  Confidences ;  and  The  Jungle  Jingle  Book. 

Purdue,  Albert  Homer,  educator,  geologist,  was  born  March 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  313 

29,  1861,  in  Warrick  county,  Ind.  In  1886  he  graduated  from  the 
Indiana  state  normal  school;  in  1893  graduated  from  the  Leland 
Stanford  university  of  California ;  and  in  1894  did  graduate  work 
there.  In  1895-96  he  was  senior  fellow  in  the  department  of  ge 
ology  at  the  university  of  Chicago;  and  in  1889-91  was  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  United  States  Indian  school  at  Albuquerque, 
N.M.  In  1892-93  he  was  assistant  geologist  of  Arkansas ;  in  1896- 
1902  was  professor  of  geology,  and  since  1902  has  been  professor 
of  geology  and  mining  at  the  university  of  Arkansas. 

Purinton,  Daniel  Boardman,  president  West  Virginia  univer 
sity,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1850,  in  Preston  county,  W.Va.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  education  at  George's  Creek  academy,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  the  university  of  West  Virginia.  He  was  instructor 
in  Latin  and  Greek  during  1873-78  in  the  West  Virginia  univer 
sity  ;  professor  of  logic  in  1878-80 ;  professor  of  mathematics  dur 
ing  1880-85 ;  of  metaphysics  during  1885-89 ;  and  during  1881-89 
was  vice-president  and  acting  president  of  that  institution.  He 
has  been  councilman  and  mayor  of  Morgantown,  W.Va.  In  1890- 
1900  he  was  president  of  the  Denison  university  of  Granville, 
Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of  Christian  Theism;  and  some  forty 
pieces  of  published  sacred  music,  including  words.  Since  1901  he 
has  been  president  of  the  West  Virginia  university;  and  resides 
in  Morgantown,  W.Va. 

Putnam,  Warren  Edward,  surgeon-general  of  Vermont,  was 
born  May  6,  1857,  in  Putnam,  Ontario,  Canada.  He  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Brantford  collegiate  institute  and  in  1881  graduated  from 
the  Cleveland  medical  college  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and  subse 
quently  took  post-graduate  courses  at  St.  Thomas  hospital  of 
London  and  at  Chicago,  111.  He  has  attained  eminence  in  medi 
cine  and  surgery ;  and  practices  his  profession  at  Bennington,  Vt. 
He  has  been  a  trustee  of  Bennington,  president  of  the  Bennington 
board  of  health,  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Ben 
nington  board  of  trade ;  and  is  a  former  surgeon-general  of  Ver 
mont.  He  is  brigadier-general  of  the  Vermont  national  guard; 
president  of  the  Bennington  gas  company ;  and  has  filled  various 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member  of  various 
medical  societies.  He  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic  and  numerous  patriotic  societies,  including  the 
society  of  Colonial  Wars  and  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 
He  is  surgeon-general  of  Vermont ;  and  resides  in  Bennington,  Vt. 

Pyne,  Moses  Taylor,  lawyer,  trustee,  railroad  president,  was. 
born  Dec.  21,  1855,  in  New  York  City.  He  graduated  from  Prince 
ton  university  and  from  Columbia  law  school.    In  1880-92  he  was 
general  counsel  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  western  rail 
road  company.    He  is  a  trustee  and  chairman  of  the  finance  com- 


314  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

mittee  of  Princeton  university;  of  Lawrenceville  school;  and  of 
St.  Paul's  school  of  Concord,  N.H.  He  is  president  of  the  Cayuga 
and  Susquehanna  railroad  company ;  vice-president  of  the  Prince 
ton  insurance  company;  and  chairman  of  the  Princeton  town 
ship,  N.J.  He  is  director  of  the  national  city  bank;  the  farmer's 
loan  and  trust  company;  the  consolidated  gas  company,  and 
other  corporations  in  New  York  City.  He  is  a  public  library  com 
missioner  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey. 

Quinby,  Henry  B.,  governor.  In  1909  he  became  governor  of 
the  state  of  New  Hampshire  for  the  term  ending  in  1911. 

Quincy,  Josiah  Phillips,  farmer,  lawyer,  dramatist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1829,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  the  author  of 
Charicles,  a  drama;  Lyteria,  a  drama;  The  Peckster  Professor 
ship,  a  Story ;  and  The  Protection  of  Majorities,  and  Other  Papers. 

Rabe,  William  Louis,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  May  8, 
1839,  in  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  at  Richmond  col 
lege;  in  1859  graduated  from  the  Cleveland  medical  college  of 
Western  Reserve  university;  and  in  1866  graduated  from  the 
Rush  medical  college  and  from  McCormick  theological  seminary 
of  Chicago,  111.  For  several  years  he  was  professor  of  Richmond 
college ;  and  is  now  a  successful  physician  of  Dwight,  111.  He  is 
medical  examiner  for  the  Northwestern  Life  association  of  Amer 
ica  and  the  Danish  brotherhood.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  Medical  association.  He  is  the  author  of  Monographs  and 
published  Addresses;  and  a  valued  contributor  to  medical  jour 
nals  ;  and  resides  in  Dwight,  111. 

Rader,  Cary  Melvin,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  July  27, 
1868,  in  Carroll  county,  Ind.  He  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  in  1891  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Central 
normal  college  of  Danville,  Ind.  The  following  year  he  located 
in  Walla  Walla,  Wash. ;  has  been  city  attorney  and  filled  various 
other  public  positions  of  trust. 

Rainey,  Henry  T.,  United  States  congressman  from  Illinois, 
was  born  Aug.  20,  1860,  in  Carrollton,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town,  at  Knox  academy  and  Knox  col 
lege,  Galesburg,  111.,  and  at  Amherst  college,  Massachusetts.  In 
1885  he  graduated  from  the  Union  college  of  law  and  received  the 
degree  of  B.L.  During  the  earlier  part  of  his  career  as  a  lawyer 
he  was  master  in  chancery  in  Greene  county,  111.,  for  six  years, 
resigning  that  position  in  order  to  attend  to  his  increasing  law 
practice.  In  1903-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat. 

Ramaley,  Francis,  educator,  scientist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
16,  1870,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  In  1895  he  graduated  from  the  uni- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  315 

versity  of  Minnesota  as  B.S. ;  and  subsequently  received  the  de 
grees  of  M.S.  and  Ph.D.  from  that  institution.  He  studied  in 
Java  and  in  the  Eoyal  botanical  garden  of  Ceylon.  In  1896-98  he 
was  an  instructor  of  botany  in  the  university  of  Minnesota;  and 
since  1899  has  been  professor  of  biology  at  the  university  of  Col 
orado.  In  1903-04  he  traveled  around  the  world.  He  is  a  fellow 
of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science ;  and 
is  a  member  of  other  learned  societies.  He  was  president  of  the 
Associated  charities  of  Boulder,  Col.;  and  secretary  of  the  park 
commission.  He  has  made  special  researches  in  plant  anatomy; 
in  the  anatomy  of  seedlings,  morphology  of  certain  brown  sea 
weeds  ;  and  cotyledon  anatomy  of  tropical  plants.  He  is  prepar 
ing  a  book  giving  a  popular  account  of  Eocky  mountain  vegeta 
tion  ;  has  published  articles  dealing  with  forests  and  forest  trees  j 
and  a  plant  geography  of  the  Eocky  mountains. 

Rand,  Benjamin,  educator,  author,  was  born  July  17,  1857,  in 
Canada.  He  is  instructor  of  philosophy  in  Harvard  university. 
He  is  the  author  of  Abstract  of  Ferrier's  Greek  Philosophy;  Bib 
liography  of  Economics ;  Classical  Philosophers ;  and  other  works. 

Raney,  Richard  Beverly,  underwriter,  donor,  was  born  Feb. 
7, 1860,  in  Eetreat,  N.C.  In  1867-76  he  received  an  academic  edu 
cation.  In  1894-1908  he  was  general  agent  for  the  Pennsylvania 
mutual  life  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia;  and  is  now  re 
tired.  In  1899  he  built  and  in  1900  equipped  and  presented  the 
Olivia  Eainey  Library  to  the  city  of  Ealeigh,  N.C. ;  at  a  cost  of 
about  fifty  thousand  dollars.  It  was  presented  in  memory  of  his 
deceased  wife,  Olivia  Blount  Cowper.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
North  Carolina  audubon  society;  and  a  member  of  the  North 
Carolina  Literary  society. 

Ranger,  Walter  E.,  commissioner  of  public  schools  for  Ehode 
Island,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1855,  in  Wilton,  Maine.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Wilton  academy ;  and  in  1879  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  A.B.  from  Bates  college.  He  was  principal  of  the  high  schools 
at  Lenox,  Mass. ;  in  1883-96  was  principal  of  the  Lyndon  institute 
of  Vermont;  and  in  1896-1900  was  principal  of  the  state  normal 
school  at  Johnson,  Vt.  In  1900-05  he  was  state  superintendent  of 
education  of  Vermont;  and  since  1905  has  been  commissioner  of 
public  schools  for  the  state  of  Ehode  Island.  The  degrees  of  M.A. 
and  LL.D.  have  been  conferred  upon  him  by  the  university  of 
Vermont,  and  by  Bates  college.  He  is  president  of  the  American 
institute  of  instruction;  was  president  of  the  Vermont  state 
teachers'  association;  and  was  president  of  the  Vermont  school 
masters'  club.  He  is  a  thirty-third  degree  mason;  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  Vermont  consistory;  and  resides  in  Providence,  R.I. 


316  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Ranney,  Henry  Clay,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  June  1,  1829, 
in  Freedom,  Ohio.  In  1863  he  entered  the  army  of  the  Potomac ; 
and  served  as  an  assistant  adjutant-general.  He  is  a  director  of 
several  railroad  companies ;  and  is  director,  trustee  and  vice-pres 
ident  of  corporations  of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is  president  of  the 
Cleveland  museum  of  art;  and  vice-president  of  the  Case  library 
of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Raub,  Albert  Newton,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was 
born  March  28,  1840,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.  After  attending 
the  State  Normal  school  of  Millersville,  Pa.,  he  began  educational 
work.  He  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Ashland  public  schools ; 
superintendent  of  the  Lock  Haven  public  schools,  Pennsylvania ; 
principal  of  the  State  Normal  school  of  Lock  Haven,  Pa. ;  and  is 
now  the  president  of  the  Delaware  college  of  Newark.  He  is  the 
author  of  twenty-six  books,  including  text-books  on  grammar, 
reading,  spelling,  arithmetic,  literature,  and  pedagogy.  His  les 
sons,  etc.,  are  especially  commendable  works,  and  the  best  of  their 
kind. 

Raven,  John  Howard,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  3,  1870,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  In  1894  he  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  of  the  reformed  church  in  America ;  and  in  1894-99  filled 
a  pastorate  in  Methuchen,  N.J.  Since  1899  he  has  been  professor 
of  old  testament  languages  and  exegesis  at  the  New  Brunswick 
theological  seminary.  He  is  the  author  of  Old  Testament  Intro 
duction,  General  and  Special. 

Ravogli,  Augustus,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
7,  1851,  in  Italy.  He  graduated  from  the  Roman  college  of  Italy 
with  the  degree  of  A.M. ;  and  in  1873  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  university  of  Rome.  In  1876-79  he  took  post 
graduate  studies  in  the  university  of  Vienna,  Prague  and  Berlin. 
For  sixteen  years  he  was  consular  agent  of  Italy;  and  was  sur 
geon  of  the  military  hospital  in  the  Italian  army  with  the  rank 
of  major.  In  1880  he  immigrated  to  the  United  States;  and  in 
1881  located  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  professor  of  dermatol 
ogy  and  syphilography  in  the  medical  college  department  of  the 
university  of  Cincinnati;  and  was  dermatologist  to  the  city  hos 
pital.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Hygiene  of  the  Skin ;  and  is  a  con 
tributor  to  American  and  German  medical  journals. 

Ray,  George  W.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for  New 
York,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1844,  in  Otselic,  Chenango  county,  N.Y. 
He  was  educated  at  Norwich  academy  of  New  York,  and  in  1905 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Colgate  university.  He  served 
in  the  army  during  the  civil  war;  and  participated  in  numerous 
battles  and  skirmishes.  He  then  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and 
soon  attained  eminence  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  east 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  317 

at  Norwich,  N.Y.  He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-eighth,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth  and  fifty-sev 
enth  congresses  from  New  York  as  a  republican;  and  was  chair 
man  of  committee  on  invalid  pensions,  and  later  chairman  of  com 
mittee  on  the  judiciary  of  the  house  of  representatives.  He  is  a 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of  Norwich,  N.Y. ;  and  has 
filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1902  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  northern 
district  of  New  York ;  and  resides  in  Norwich,  N.Y. 

Ray,  Robert  A.,  Cheshire  county  probate  judge  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  was  born  April  7,  1851,  in  Palmer,  Mass.  He  was  educated 
at  the  seminary  of  Manchester,  Vt. ;  attended  Kimball  union 
academy  of  Meriden,  N.H. ;  in  1877  he  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college.  In  1882-27  he  was  solicitor  for  Concord, 
N.H. ;  and  in  1885  was  a  representative  in  the  New  Hampshire 
state  legislature  from  Concord.  He  is  the  author  and  publisher, 
with  Judge  R.  E.  Walker,  of  Ray  and  Walker's  New  Hampshire 
Citations.  He  is  probate  judge  for  Cheshire  county  until  the  age 
of  seventy  years;  and  resides  in  Keene,  N.H. 

Raymond,  George  Lansing,  professor  George  Washington  uni 
versity,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1839,  in  Chicago,  111.  He  was  a  profes 
sor  at  Princeton  college  in  1881-1905.  His  writings  in  verse  in 
clude  Colonel  Ballads ;  A  Life  in  Song ;  Ballads  of  the  Revolution, 
and  Other  Poems ;  Sketches  in  Song ;  and  Pictures  in  Verse.  He 
is  the  author  of  The  Orator's  Manual;  Modern  Fishers  of  Men,  a 
novel ;  Poetry  as  a  Representative  Art ;  The  Genesis  of  Art  Form ; 
Art  in  Theory;  Painting,  Sculpture,  and  Architecture  as  Repre 
sentative  Arts ;  Rhythm  and  Harmony  in  Poetry  and  Music ;  and 
Ideals  Made  Real.  Since  1905  he  has  been  professor  of  ethics  in 
the  George  Washington  university;  and  resides  in  Washington, 
D.C. 

Read,  John  Joseph,  naval  officer,  was  born  June  17,  1842,  in 
Mount  Holly,  N.J.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
navy;  and  in  1866  was  commissioned  lieutenant-commander.  He 
became  commander  in  1877;  and  was  made  captain  in  1893.  He 
attained  the  rank  of  rear-admiral  in  the  United  States  navy  in 
1900 ;  and  in  1904  was  retired. 

Reade,  Philip,  soldier,  was  born  Oct.  13,  1844,  in  Massachu 
setts.  In  1864-67  he  was  a  cadet  in  the  United  States  military 
academy  at  West  Point,  N.Y.  In  1867  he  became  second  lieuten 
ant  in  the  third  infantry ;  in  1878  became  first  lieutenant ;  in  1889 
became  captain ;  and  in  1898  became  major  and  inspector-general 
of  volunteers.  In  1898  he  was  promoted  lieutenant- colonel ;  and 
in  1901  was  honorably  discharged  from  volunteer  service.  In 
1899  he  became  major  in  the  eighth  infantry;  and  in  the  same 


318  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

year  was  transferred  to  the  fourth  infantry.  In  1902  he  was  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  fourth  infantry ;  in  1903  was  transferred  to 
the  twenty-third  infantry ;  and  has  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  . 

Reaman,  William  W.,  member  national  committee  socialist 
party  for  South  Dakota,  was  born  in  1870  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  is  now  a  success 
ful  harness-maker  and  business  man  of  Aberdeen,  S.D. ;  and  con 
nected  with  the  Aberdeen  harness  company  of  that  city.  He  has 
been  lieutenant  in  the  South  Dakota  national  guard;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1904  he 
has  held  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  South  Dakota  national  guard ; 
and  resides  in  Aberdeen,  S.D. 

Rector,  Elbridge  Lee,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Nov.  16,  1847, 
in  Seguin,  Texas.  He  received  his  education  at  the  university  of 
Virginia ;  and  since  1877  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  San  Saba,  Tex.  He  has  always  been  a  student  of  political 
economy;  has  contributed  articles  on  monetary  topics  to  the 
American  Magazine  of  Civics ;  and  is  the  author  of  a  work  entitled 
The  Science  of  Exchange ;  and  resides  in  Santa  Saba,  Tex. 

Reed,  Silas  D.,  state  senator  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  June 
25,  1872,  in  Taunton,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  Bristol  academy 
of  Taunton,  Mass. ;  in  1893  graduated  from  Amherst  college ;  and 
subsequently  from  Boston  university  law  school.  He  soon  at 
tained  success  in  th  practice  of  law  at  Taunton,  Mass.  In  1897- 
1902  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts  state  legisla 
ture  ;  and  in  1901  was  a  member  of  the  special  legislative  commit 
tee  on  revision  of  the  statutes.  In  1903  and  1904  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  republican  state  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  state  senate  from  the  first  Bristol  district  for  the 
term  of  1905-06 ;  in  1905  was  a  member  of  the  recess  legislative 
committee  on  the  revision  of  the  railroad  and  street  railway  laws ; 
and  resides  in  Taunton,  Mass. 

Reed,  Verner  Z.,  manufacturer,  banker,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
13,  1863,  in  Ohio.  He  attended  the  eastern  Iowa  normal  school. 
He  is  engaged  in  mining  and  manufacturing  and  banking  enter 
prises,  and  has  interest  in  fruit  lands  in  Colorado,  Wyoming  and 
California.  He  travels  extensively ;  and  is  abroad  a  greater  part 
of  the  time.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Press  club  of  Denver,  Col. ; 
a  member  of  the  El  Paso  golf  club  of  Colorado  Springs;  and  a 
member  of  the  Explorers  club  of  New  York  City.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Lo-To-Kah ;  Tales  of  the  Sunland ;  and  Adobeland  Stories. 
He  contributes  essays,  stories  and  ethnological  and  travel  sketches 
to  various  magazines. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  319 

Reeder,  Frank,  soldier,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  May  22, 
1845,  in  Easton,  Pa. ;  and  is  a  son  of  Hon.  Andrew  H.  Reeder,  the 
first  governor  of  Kansas.  In  1863  he  graduated  from  Princeton 
college;  and  in  1868  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  Albany 
university  of  New  York.  In  1862-66  he  served  in  the  Union  army 
as  adjutant  in  the  one  hundred  and  seventy-fourth  Pennsylvania 
volunteer  infantry ;  and  from  captain  to  colonel  in  the  nineteenth 
regiment  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  In  1873  he  was  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue  for  the  eleventh  district  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1874 
he  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  the  Pennsylvania 
national  guard;  in  1895-98  was  secretary  of  state  of  Pennsylva 
nia;  and  in  1900  became  commissioner  of  banking  for  Pennsyl 
vania. 

Reichert,  Edward  Tyson,  physician,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  5,  1855,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  Philadelphia  phy 
sician  and  educator  and  professor  of  physiology  in  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania  since  1886.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Text-Book  of 
Physiology;  and  a  number  of  memoirs  and  pamphlets. 

Rice,  George  Staples,  civil  engineer,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1849,  in 
Boston,  Mass.  In  1870  he  received  the  degree  of  S.B.  from  Har: 
vard  university.  In  1869-72  he  was  assistant  engineer  additional 
water  supply  of  Boston,  Mass.;  and  in  1877-80  was  in  direct 
charge  main  drainage  works.  In  1880-87  he  was  engaged  as  a 
mining  engineer  in  Arizona  and  Colorado.  In  1887-91  he  was 
deputy  chief  engineer  of  the  New  Croton  acqueduct  of  New  York 
City.  In  1892-1900  he  was  in  private  practice  and  also  an  in 
structor  in  water  supply  and  sanitary  engineering  at  Harvard. 
In  1900-04  he  was  deputy  chief  engineer  and  in  1905-07  was  chief 
engineer  Rapid  transit  commissioners  of  New  York  City;  and 
since  1907  has  been  chief  engineer  of  the  public  service  commis 
sion.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Municipal  engineers  of  the 
City  of  New  York. 

Rice,  Isaac  Leopold,  lawyer,  inventor,  author,  was  born  Feb. 
22, 1850,  in  Bavaria.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  New  York  City ;  was  coun 
sel  and  director  of  the  Southern  railroad;  president  of  the  Chi 
cago  electric  traction  company;  Pennsylvania  electric  vehicle 
company;  and  other  corporations.  He  invented  the  Rice  gambit, 
a  new  chess  opening.  He  is  the  author  of  What  is  Music;  and 
numerous  articles  in  standard  magazines. 

Rice,  James  Horton,  state  treasurer  of  Montana,  was  born  July 
26,  1839,  in  Clarkson,  Monroe  county,  N.Y.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education ;  and  graduated  from  Gennessee  college  of  Lima, 
N.Y.  He  is  a  successful  wool  grower  of  Montana ;  and  for  many 
years  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  pub 
lic  affairs  of  Montana.  He  was  a  representative  in  the  eighth  as- 


320  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sembly  of  the  Montana  state  legislature ;  was  a  member  on  several 
important  committees ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  In  1904  he  became  treasurer  of  the  state  of 
Montana,  and  resides  in  Helena,  Mont. 

Richards,  Charles  Comstock,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept. 
16,  1859,  in  Salt  Lake  City.  In  1884  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar ; 
and  in  1888  was  elected  a  representative  in  the  territorial  legisla 
ture  of  Utah ;  and  in  1890  was  a  senator  of  that  body.  For  three 
terms  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Wezer  county,  Utah.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  territory  from  May  16,  1893,  to  Jan.  6,  1896, 
when  that  territory  became  a  state ;  and  he  was  the  acting  gover 
nor  at  the  time  of  admission,  and  turned  the  executive  office  over 
to  the  governor  of  the  state.  Since  1869  he  has  lived  in  Ogden, 
Utah. 

Richards,  George  Nelson,  judge  Benton  county  probate  court 
of  Missouri,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1836,  in  Hardin,  Shelby  county, 
Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Sidney,  Ohio,  and 
subsequently  learned  the  printer's  trade.  During  the  civil  war 
he  served  as  private  and  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  in  company 
K,  twenty-fifth  regiment  Illinois  volunteer  infantry ;  and  was  also 
lieutenant  in  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-fifth  regiment  Illinois 
volunteer  infantry;  and  participated  in  numerous  battles  and 
skirmishes.  For  fifty-two  years  he  was  engaged  in  journalism  as 
an  editor  and  publisher  in  Illinois  and  Missouri;  and  for  many 
years  was  an  editor  and  publisher  of  Warsaw,  Mo.  He  filled  sev 
eral  municipal  offices  in  Urbana  and  Champaign,  111. ;  and  at  Hoi- 
den  and  Warrensburg,  Mo. ;  and  was  the  first  commander  of  Col- 
Grover  Post  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  at  Warrensburg,  Mo. 
He  is  judge  of  the  probate  court  for  Benton  county  for  the  term 
of  1903-07 ;  and  resides  in  Warsaw,  Mo. 

Richards,  William  Henry,  educator,  lawyer,  lecturer,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1856,  in  Athens,  Tenn.  He  was  educated  at  the  Warner 
institute  and  at  the  Howard  university.  He  has  been  alderman 
and  mayor  of  his  native  city ;  and  president  of  the  Bethel  literary 
and  historical  association  of  Washington,  D.C.  Since  1890  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Howard  university,  filling  the 
chairs  of  international  law  and  evidence ;  and  is  principal  libra 
rian,  lie  also  has  attained  success  in  the  lecture  field. 

Richardson,  Charles  Albert,  soldier,  lawyer,  public  official,  was 
born  Aug.  14,  1829,  in  Freetown,  N.Y.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  and  attended  Cortland 
academy  of  Homer,  N.Y.  He  has  been  county  treasurer  and  sur 
rogate  of  Ontario  county,  N.Y. ;  New  York  state  commissioner 
for  Gettysburg  and  Chattanooga  monuments;  and  United  States 
commissioner  for  Gettysburg  rational  park.  During  the  civil  war 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  321 

he  served  in  the  union  army  as  lieutenant,  captain  and  major  of 
the  one  hundred  and  twenty-sixth  regiment  New  York  volunteer 
infantry.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  east,  and  has 
a  large  practice  at  Canandaigua,  N.Y. 

Richardson,  Harry  Alden,  United  States  senator  from  Dela 
ware,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1853,  in  Camden,  Del.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
State ;  and  attended  the  academy  of  East  Greenwich,  R.I.  He  then 
entered  the  well-known  establishment  of  Richardson  and  Robins  of 
Dover,  Del.,  of  which  his  father  was  senior  member.  Upon  the 
death  of  the  junior  partner,  he  was  taken  into  partnership  by  his 
father ;  and  at  the  death  of  his  father  in  1894  he  assumed  the  en 
tire  control  of  the  large  canning  establishment,  which  he  still 
manages  with  the  assistance  of  his  two  sons.  He  is  president  of 
the  First  national  bank  of  Dover ;  president  of  the  Delaware  fire 
insurance  company  of  Dover;  president  of  the  Dover  gas-light 
company;  president  of  the  Diamond  state  telephone  company  of 
Dover ;  and  is  a  director  in  the  Bell  Telephone  company  of  Phila 
delphia  and  other  corporations.  In  1890  he  was  the  republican 
nominee  for  governor  of  Delaware.  He  is  now  United  States  sen 
ator  from  Delaware  for  the  term  of  1907-13. 

Rigby,  Isaac  Albert,  lawyer,  writer,  was  born  May  13,  1861,  in 
Doniphan  county,  Kan.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common  schools ;  attended  the  Kansas  state  university, 
from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1885. 
He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Concordia,  Kan. ;  has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  education ;  county  attorney ;  and  a  delegate  to  the 
republican  congressional  and  state  conventions.  He  has  contrib 
uted  extensively  to  law  literature  and  the  periodical  press  gen 
erally.  In  1897  he  was  admitted  to  the  United  States  supreme 
court  at  Washington,  D.C.  He  has  served  several  times  as  judge 
pro  tern  of  the  district  court  at  Concordia,  Kan. 

Rigdon,  Jonathan,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  wag  born  Dec. 
22,  1858,  in  Rigdon,  Ind.  He  attended  the  National  Normal  uni 
versity  of  Lebanon,  Ohio ;  and  later  took  the  philosophical  course 
in  the  Central  Normal  college  of  Danville,  and  subsequently  grad 
uated  from  the  Boston  university.  Since  1885  he  has  filled  the 
chair  of  philosophy  and  literary  criticism  in  the  Central  Normal 
college  of  Danville,  Iiid.  He  is  a  successful  lecturer,  and  the  au 
thor  of  a  series  of  grammars  that  have  become  very  popular.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  Psychology ;  and  is  at  work  on  a  brief  intro 
duction  to  Shakespeare,  and  a  work  on  Psychology.  His  lecture 
on  The  Tempest  has  attracted  widespread  attention,  and  he  has 
delivered  several  courses  of  lectures  in  Indiana  designed  espec 
ially  for  teachers'  associations  and  literary  societies. 


322  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Riley,  John  F.,  president  Binghamton  school  of  business,  was 
born  Sept.  9,  1860,  in  Owego,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  Owego 
academy,  college  of  Mexico,  university  of  Perugia  in  Italy  and  at 
the  Roman  college.  He  is  a  great  student  of  Roman  history ;  has 
lived  many  years  in  Rome ;  and  is  a  noted  lecturer  on  Roman  his 
tory  and  archaeology.  He  is  the  founder  and  president  of  the 
Binghampton  school  of  business;  and  resides  in  Binghampton, 
N.Y. 

Ring,  Orvis,  state  superintendent  public  instruction  of  Nevada, 
was  born  July  21,  1833,  in  Starksboro,  Vt.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Vermont,  New  York  and  Illinois;  and  in 
1860  graduated  from  Wheaton  college,  111. ;  from  which  institu 
tion  he  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  M.A.  For  over  half  a 
century  his  life  has  been  identified  with  educational  work.  In 
1852  he  commenced  teaching ;  and  for  six  years  was  county  super 
intendent  of  schools  of  Washoe  county,  Nevada;  and  has  taught 
in  the  public  schools  of  Illinois,  California  and  Nevada.  He  went 
to  Nevada  while  it  was  a  territory  in  1863;  and  has  since  been 
identified  with  education  work  in  that  state.  For  seventeen  years 
he  was  principal  of  the  Reno  public  schools.  He  is  a  member  of 
Reno  lodge  F.  and  A.M. ;  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason ;  has 
been  a  Mason  for  forty  years ;  and  for  over  twenty  years  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is  now  serving  his  fourth 
term  as  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction  of  Nevada ;  and 
the  close  of  his  term  will  make  a  service  of  sixteen  years  in  that 
responsible  position.  His  home  is  in  Reno,  Nevada,  but  for  twelve 
years  has  been  in  the  office  at  the  state  capitol  at  Carson  City, 
Nevada. 

Ripple,  Ezra  H.,  colonel  Pennsylvania  national  guard,  was 
born  Feb.  14,  1842,  in  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.  His  military  career  be 
gan  in  1862  as  a  private  in  the  thirteenth  regiment  Pennsylvania 
volunteers ;  in  1863  he  entered  the  thirtieth  emergency  regiment ; 
and  in  1864  became  a  member  of  the  fifty-second  Pennsylvania 
regiment.  In  1864-65  he  was  in  the  military  prisons  of  Anderson- 
ville  and  Florence.  Since  1873  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  coal 
firm  of  William  Connell  and  company  of  Scranton,  Pa.  In  1879 
he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Lackawanna  county,  Pa. ;  in  1886  be 
came  mayor  of  Scranton,  Pa. ;  and  in  1897  was  appointed  postmas 
ter  of  Scranton,  Pa.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Scranton  axle  works ; 
a  director  in  the  Tribune  publishing  company,  and  prominently 
identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city  and  state. 
In  1877  he  was  made  captain  of  the  Scranton  city  guard ;  in  1878 
major  of  the  thirteenth  regiment  Pennsylvania  national  guard ;  in 
1883  was  made  lieutenant-colonel;  and  in  1888-96  served  as  col 
onel.  Since  1896  he  has  been  colonel  and  assistant  adjutant^gen- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  323 

eral  of  the  Pennsylvania  national  guard;  and  resides  in  Scran- 
ton,  Pa. 

Rivers,  William  James,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  July  18,  1822,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  graduated  from 
the  South  Carolina  college  of  Columbia  in  1841.  For  seventeen 
years  he  was  professor  of  Greek  literature  in  the  State  college  of 
South  Carolina ;  and  for  fourteen  years  was  president  of  a  college 
in  Maryland.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Early  History  of  South 
Carolina;  Topics  in  the  History  of  South  Carolina;  a  volume  of 
College  Addresses  and  Other  Occasional  Pieces;  The  Poems  El- 
dred ;  and  numerous  poems. 

Rixey,  Presley  Marion,  surgeon-general  of  the  United  States 
navy,  was  born  July  14,  1852,  in  Culpeper  county,  Va.  He  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Culpeper  and  Warrenton,  Va. ;  in  1873 
graduated  in  medicine  from  the  university  of  Virginia;  and  the 
same  year  matriculated  at  Jefferson  medical  college  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  In  1874  he  entered  the  United  States  navy  as  assistant 
surgeon;  became  past  assistant  surgeon  in  1877;  and  surgeon  in 
1888.  In  1900  he  was  promoted  to  medical  inspector ;  and  in  1902 
became  surgeon-general  with  the  rank  of  rear-admiral.  He  spent 
eleven  years  at  sea;  and  on  shore  was  attached  successively  to 
the  naval  hospital  at  Philadelphia,  the  navy  yard  at  Norfolk  and 
at  the  naval  dispensary  at  Washington,  D.C.  In  1898  he  became 
physician  to  the  White  House,  and  accompanied  the  President  on 
all  his  journeys  and  was  for  this  reason  in  Buffalo  when  Presi 
dent  McKinley  was  assasinated;  was  present  and  assisted  at  the 
operation  and  took  official  charge  of  the  case ;  and  was  continued 
as  physician  to  President  Roosevelt,  in  addition  to  his  duty  as 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  medicine  and  surgery,  which  position  he 
still  fills.  In  1893  he  was  decorated  by  the  King  of  Spain  for 
services  rendered  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Santa  Maria  follow 
ing  an  explosion  on  that  Spanish  Caravel.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  medical  association,  the  Washington  medical  society 
and  the  association  of  military  surgeons;  and  resides  in  Wash 
ington,  D.C. 

Roach,  Erskine  H.,  major  Texas  national  guard,  was  born 
April  10,  1873,  in  Memphis,  Tenn.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  Memphis  and  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  and  is  now 
an  accountant  in  the  wholesale  grocery  business  at  Dallas,  Tex. 
He  was  in  command  of  the  post  at  Silver  Springs,  Tenn.,  as  cap 
tain  of  the  Tennessee  national  guard  during  the  coal  riots  of  1890- 
92.  During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  was  adjutant  second 
battalion  second  Texas  United  States  volunteers;  and  was  in 
command  of  troops  at  Galveston  during  and  after  the  great  storm. 


324  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Since  1901  he  has  held  the  rank  of  major  in  the  Texas  national 
guard ;  and  resides  in  Dallas,  Tex. 

Roach,  John  Daniel,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  May  1,  1842,  in 
Monroe  county,  Ala.  He  graduated  from  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia,  at  Charlottesville.  During  the  war  he  served  under  Gen. 
R.  E.  Lee  from  April,  1861,  to  February,  1865 ;  and  subsequently 
taught  school  in  Alabama.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the 
political  affairs  of  Louisiana  at  Mansfield,  where  he  has  a  lucra 
tive  practice,  and  has  been  successfully  engaged  in  law  for  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century. 

Roach,  Thomas  Watson,  educator,  college  president,  govern 
ment  official,  author,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1847,  in  Jefferson  county, 
Ohio.  In  1890  he  established  the  National  commercial  college  of 
Dennison,  Texas ;  and  since  1903  has  been  president  of  the  Kansas 
wesley an  university  at  Salina.  In  1901  he  was  mayor  of  Salina, 
Kan.  He  is  the  author  of  Theory  of  Double-Entry  Bookkeeping 
Made  Easy. 

Robbins,  William  M.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congress 
man,  was  born  in  1829  in  Randolph  county,  N.C.  He  was  elected 
to  the  senate  of  North  Carolina  in  1868,  and  re-elected  in  1870. 
He  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  and  forty-fourth  congresses; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and 
resides  in  Satesville,  N.C. 

Robertson,  Mercer  L.,  lawyer,  was  born  April  22,  1859,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.  In  1881  he  graduated  in  law  from  the  university 
of  Virginia;  and  in  1882  received  the  degree  of  B.L.  from  Yale 
college.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Texas  at  Dallas; 
has  been  alderman  of  his  city,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  pub 
lic  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

Robinson,  Orrin  W.,  lumber  merchant,  state  senator,  was  born 
Aug.  12,  1834,  in  Claremont,  N.H.  In  1873  he  organized  the  Stur 
geon  River  Lumber  company  of  Chassell,  Mich.,  of  which  he  is 
still  president.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  house  of  rep 
resentatives  in  1896 ;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  in  1897-98. 

Robinson,  Sara  Tappan  Doolittle,  author,  was  born  July  12, 
1827,  in  Belchertown,  Mass.  She  is  the  wife  of  the  late  ex-Gover 
nor  Charles  Robinson,  frequently  called  the  war  governor  of 
Kansas.  She  received  a  thorough  education  in  the  classical  school 
of  her  native  city,  now  known  as  Salem  academy.  Mrs.  Robinson 
is  the  author  of  Kansas,  its  Interior  and  Exterior  Life,  a  book 
which  was  widely  circulated  and  had  great  influence  in  the  Kan 
sas  struggle.  She  is  a  pleasing  writer,  and  has  contributed  exten 
sively  to  the  periodical  press.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Myron 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  325 

Lawrence,  a  distinguished  lawyer,  who  did  his  state  great  honor 
in  various  public  capacities. 

Robinson,  Stillman  Williams,  educator,  civil  engineer,  inven 
tor,  author,  was  born  March  6,  1838,  in  South  Reading,  Vt.  In 
1863  he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Michigan  with  the  de 
gree  of  C.E. ;  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of  D.Sc.  from 
the  Ohio  state  university.  He  served  four  years'  apprenticeship 
in  a  machine  shop.  His  first  invention  was  a  thermometer  grad 
uating  machine;  and  he  has  since  taken  out  nearly  fifty  patents. 
In  1863-66  he  was  assistant  engineer  on  the  United  States  lake 
survey.  In  1866-70  he  was  assistant  engineer  of  geodesy  and  min 
ing  at  the  university  of  Michigan;  in  1870-78  was  professor  of 
mechanical  engineering  at  the  university  of  Illinois ;  and  in  1878- 
94  was  professor  of  mechanical  engineering  at  the  Ohio  state  uni 
versity.  He  resigned  to  care  for  his  inventions;  and  is  now  pro 
fessor  emeritus.  In  1880-84  he  was  inspector  of  railways  of  Ohio ; 
in  1888-90  was  consulting  engineer  to  the  Santa  Fe  railway;  and 
in  1887  was  consulting  engineer  to  the  Lick  telescope  mountings. 
He  is  the  author  of  Railroad  Economics;  Strength  of  Wrought 
Iron  Bridge  Members;  Gearing  and  Odontograph;  and  Princi 
ples  of  Mechanism.  He  is  president  of  the  Robinson-Tilton  Ma 
chinery  company ;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Roche,  John  D.,  state  senator  of  Indiana,  was  born  Nov.  6, 
1870,  in  Evansville,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  pri 
vate  schools  of  Evansville  and  Mt.  Vernon,  Ind.  He  is  a  success 
ful  journalist;  and  now  editor  of  the  Mt.  Vernon  Democrat  of 
Indiana.  During  President  Cleveland's  first  term  he  was  deputy 
postmaster  of  Mt.  Vernon,  Ind. ;  and  in  1891  he  was  committee 
clerk  in  the  Indiana  house  of  representatives.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  democratic  party;  and  has  been  secretary  of  the 
first  district  democratic  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  In 
diana  state  senate  for  the  term  of  1902-06 ;  and  resides  in  Mt.  Ver 
non,  Ind. 

Rogers,  Dennis  Lucretius,  lawyer,  of  Bellaire,  Mich.,  was  born 
July  26,  1850.  He  graduated  from  Michigan  university.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Kent  county  at  Grand  Rapids  in  1873.  He 
is  active  in  his  profession  and  in  the  politics  and  industries  of 
Antrim  county  and  the  state  of  Michigan.  He  is  a  Christian  scien 
tist  in  religion. 

Rogers,  John  C.,  physician,  surgeon,  legislator,  poet,  was  born 
March  26,  1835,  in  Ireland.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  in 
the  army  as  assistant  surgeon,  and  since  1866  has  practiced  med 
icine  in  Pembroke,  Maine.  In  1890  he  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate  of  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  several  poems. 


326  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Rogers,  Walter  B.,  Morgan  county  treasurer  of  Illinois,  was 
born  June  26,  1868,  in  Waverly,  111.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  graduated  from  the 
Waverly  high  school.  He  is  general  manager  of  the  Waverly  tel 
ephone  company ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  his  community.  He  is  now  county  treasurer 
of  Morgan  county ;  and  resides  in  Waverly,  111. 

Rolfe,  William  James,  scholar,  educator,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
10,  1827,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  is  a  distinguished  Shakes 
pearean  scholar  and  educator  of  Cambridge.  He  is  the  author  of 
Shakespeare  the  Boy;  Life  of  Shakespeare;  two  annotated  edi 
tions  of  Shakespeare,  the  Friendly  Edition  in  twenty  volumes,  and 
a  School  Edition  in  forty  volumes;  two  editions  of  Tennyson;  a 
complete  edition  of  Scott's  Poems;  and  a  series  of  annotated  edi 
tions  of  selections  from  Tennyson,  Browning,  Wordsworth,  Gray, 
Goldsmith,  Scott,  and  other  English  poets.  He  has  also  edited 
Craik's  English  of  Shakespeare;  and  other  works. 

Rollins,  Charles  Leonard,  builder,  astronomer,  philosopher, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1856,  in  Carlton,  N.Y.  In  1877-78  he  was  a  stu 
dent  at  Albion  academy.  In  1882-99  he  was  a  contractor  and 
builder  of  Albion,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1888  moved  to  Buffalo,  N.Y.  He 
built  the  Pierce  invalids'  hotel  and  the  World's  dispensary  of 
Buffalo,  N.Y.  Since  1902  he  has  been  general  manager  of  the 
Pixley  land  improvement  company;  and  has  built  two  thousand 
houses.  He  is  the  author  of  Theories  Regarding  Light,  Heat, 
Magnetic  Forces  and  General  Physics,  which  he  has  expounded 
before  the  International  progressive  league  at  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Rollins,  Frank  West,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1860,  in 
Concord,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  the  Massachusetts  institute 
of  technology;  and  at  the  Harvard  law  school.  He  served  with 
distinction  in  the  New  Hampshire  state  senate  in  1895 ;  and  was 
made  president  of  that  body.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and 
banker;  and  originated  the  Old  Home  Week  scheme  in  1898, 
which  has  since  spread  over  a  large  part  of  the  country.  In  1899- 
1900  he  was  governor  of  New  Hampshire.  He  is  head  and  gen 
eral  manager  of  the  banking  house  of  E.  H.  Rollins  and  sons  of 
Boston,  Mass.  He  still  resides  in  the  place  of  his  nativity;  and 
his  portrait  hangs  in  the  council  chamber  of  the  state  capitol. 

Rook,  Charles  Alexander,  journalist,  publisher,  president,  was 
born  Aug.  11,  1861,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  and  is  a  son  of  the  late 
Alexander  W.  Rook,  part  owner  of  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch.  Upon 
the  death  of  his  father  in  1880,  Charles  Alexander  Rook  entered 
the  office  of  the  Pittsburg  Dispatch,  and  became  collector,  adver 
tising  clerk,  circulation  bookkeeper  and  cashier.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  secretary,  became  treasurer  and  business  manager  in  1896 ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  327 

and  in  1902  secured  control  of  the  Dispatch  Publishing  company, 
and  has  since  been  president  and  editor-in-chief  of  The  Pittsburg 
Dispatch ;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Roosevelt,  Theodore,  ex-president  United  States  of  America, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1858,  in  New  York  city.  He  is  a  politician  and 
municipal  reformer  of  New  York  city ;  and  president  of  the  board 
of  police  commissioners  of  New  York  city  from  1895  to  1897, 
when  he  resigned  that  position  to  become  assistant  secretary  of 
the  navy.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Naval  War  of  1812 ;  Hunting 
Adventures  of  a  Ranchman ;  Ranch  Life  and  the  Hunting  Trail ; 
The  Winning  of  the  West;  The  Wilderness  Hunter;  Essays  on 
Practical  Politics ;  History  of  the  City  of  New  York ;  and  Lives  of 
Thomas  H.  Benton  and  Gouverneur  Morris.  During  the  Spanish- 
American  war  he  served  with  distinction  as  colonel  of  the  Rough 
Riders.  In  1898  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  New 
York.  In  1900  he  was  unanimously  nominated  and  subsequently 
elected  vice-president  of  the  United  States  as  a  republican.  Upon 
the  death  of  President  McKinley  in  1901  he  became  president  of 
the  United  States ;  and  in  1904  was  elected  to  the  same  office  for 
term  of  1905-09. 

Root,  Joseph  C.,  founder  of  Woodcraft,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1844, 
in  Chester,  Mass.  When  ten  years  of  his  age  his  parents  re 
moved  to  Lyons,  Iowa.  He  received  a  liberal  education;  began 
business  for  himself  in  a  bookstore ;  and  afterward  operated  flour 
ing  mills  and  elevators;  and  was  United  States  deputy  collector 
when  barely  of  age.  In  1860  he  founded  the  public  library  of 
Lyons,  Iowa;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879,  and  founded 
Woodcraft  and  promulgated  its  rituals  and  teachings  in  1883.  He 
has  been  twice  mayor  of  Lyons,  Iowa ;  has  been  prominently  iden 
tified  in  various  business  enterprises;  proposed  and  agitated  the 
construction  of  the  Iowa  Midland  railway ;  and  was  the  secretary 
of  the  Chicago,  Lyons  and  Pacific  railway.  He  established  the 
first  telephone  exchange  west  of  the  Mississippi  river;  has  been 
editor  of  two  newspapers  of  extended  circulation;  and  is  the  au 
thor  of  the  history  and  genealogy  of  the  Root  Family  in  England 
and  America ;  and  several  other  books.  He  is  the  sovereign  com 
mander  of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World,  and  resides  in  Omaha, 
Neb.  The  entire  system  now  embraces  over  half  a  million  mem 
bers,  has  disbursed  many  millions  of  dollars,  and  is  increasing 
rapidly ;  and  resides  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

Roots,  Philander  Keep,  civil  engineer,  banker,  was  born  June 
4,  1838,  in  Tolland  county,  Conn.  He  is  the  son  of  the  noted  edu 
cator,  Prof.  B.  G.  Roots  of  Illinois.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  Carrollton  academy  of  Illinois  and  the  Wesleyan  university 
of  Bloomington.  For  several  years  he  was  principal  of  the  high 


PROGRESSIVE  AFRICANS 

school  in  DuQuoin;  111.  He  has  been  resident  engineer  on  the 
Mobile  and  Ohio  railroad  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee;  United 
States  deputy  surveyor  in  Nevada;  chief  engineer  of  the  Cairo 
and  Fulton  railroad  in  Arkansas  and  Missouri;  and  for  over 
twenty  years  was  engaged  in  banking  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. ;  and  is 
now  in  the  real  estate  business.  He  is  a  prominent  Mason  and 
ranks  high  in  various  other  fraternal  orders.  For  over  thirty 
years  he  has  been  a  successful  Sunday  school  superintendent  in 
the  protestant  episcopal  church  at  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Rosenberg,  David  H.,  clergyman,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born 
May  19,  1837,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  In  1867  he  graduated 
in  Eclectic  college  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  practiced  medicine  for 
fifteen  years,  then  entered  the  ministry  in  the  Evangelical  church 
as  evangelist  doctor  for  seventeen  years;  and  practices  medicine 
at  Mascotte,  Fla.,  for  the  past  twenty  years. 

Rothrock,  Joseph  Trimble,  soldier,  educator,  author,  was  born 
April  9,  1839,  in  McVeytown,  Pa.  In  1863  he  was  captain  in 
company  E,  twentieth  regiment  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  He  is  a 
professor  of  botany  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  from  1877. 
He  founded  and  is  superintendent  of  a  sanitorium  for  consump 
tives  at  West  Chester,  Pa.  He  is  author  of  Botany  of  the  Wheeler 
Expedition;  Vacation  Cruisings;  Flora  of  Alaska;  and  Revision 
of  the  North  American  Gaurineae. 

Rouner,  David  Argyle,  soldier,  farmer,  lawyer,  legislator,  was 
born  April  20,  1842,  in  Sligo,  Ky,  He  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
confederate  army;  was  a  member  of  the  thirty-first  and  thirty- 
second  Missouri  general  assembly;  and  a  member  of  the  thirty* 
sixth  and  thirty-seventh  state  senate.  He  is  the  author  of  many 
of  the  revenue  laws  of  Missouri.  In  1901-05  he  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Knox  county,  Mo.;  and  during  his  four  years'  ser 
vice  never  lost  a  case.  He  now  resides  in  Edina,  Mo. 

Rourke,  Patrick  Henry,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  28, 
1854,  in  Norristown,  Pa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  common  schools,  and  attended  the  Northern  Indiana 
Normal  college  of  Valparaiso,  Ind.  In  1882  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Chicago,  111.,  and  moved  the  same  year  to  the  territory 
of  Dakota.  He  took  up  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Lisbon, 
N.D. ;  has  been  city  attorney;  mayor  of  his  city;  district  attor 
ney  ;  state 's  attorney ;  and  in  1892  was  the  republican  nominee  for 
attorney- general.  He  served  with  distinction  as  state  senator  in 
the  North  Dakota  state  senate;  and  has  been  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  district  of  North  Dakota. 

Rowe,  Albert,  mayor  of  Saugerties,  N.Y.,  was  born  May  4, 
1846,  in  Albany,  N.Y.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  his  native  state.  For  many  years  he  has  been 


OP  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  329 

prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  Sau- 
gerties,  N.Y. ;  and  connected  with  the  wholesale  meat  and  pro 
vision  business.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has  been  manager  of 
the  well-known  firm  of  Schwarzschild  and  Sulzberger  company  at 
Saugerties,  N.Y.,  one  of  the  largest  wholesale  meat  and  provision 
corporations  in  the  world.  For  eight  years  he  has  been  mayor  of 
Saugerties,  N.Y., ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor.  Since  1898  he  has  been  mayor  for  the  city  of  Sauger 
ties  ;  and  resides  in  Saugerties,  N.Y. 

Rowe,  Basil  W.,  business  president  of  New  York  City.  He  is 
treasurer,  trustee  and  member  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the 
Adams  express  company;  vice-president  and  director  of  the 
Adams  land  and  building  company ;  president  and  director  of  the 
Hollywood  hotel  and  cottage  company ;  and  a  director  in  various 
other  corporations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ohio  society  of  New 
York;  and  a  member  of  the  New  York  club  and  various  other 
clubs  and  societies. 

Ruggles,  Henry  Stoddard,  financier,  author,  was  born  Oct.  31, 
1846,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  has  been  for  many  years  engaged  in 
the  management  of  trust  property,  having  charge  of  large  estates 
in  Boston.  His  residence  is  in  the  town  of  Wakefield,  a  suburb 
of  that  city.  During  his  leisure,  he  has  turned  his  attention  some 
what  towards  literature,  writing  over  his  own  name  as  well  as 
his  nom-de-plume  of  Henry  Stoddard.  He  has  also  contributed 
many  papers  to  historical  and  other  periodicals  in  addition  to 
several  books ;  and  his  writings  have  been  a  valuable  acquisition 
to  current  literature. 

Runyon,  Walter  Clark,  iron  manufacturer,  business  president, 
was  born  April  9,  1857,  in  Chicago,  111.  In  1871  he  started  in  bus 
iness  with  the  Union  rolling  mill  company  of  Chicago,  111.;  and 
in  1879  was  secretary  of  that  company.  In  1881  he  joined  the  firm 
of  Runyon,  Stubbs  and  company ;  and  in  1886  moved  to  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  to  engage  in  the  iron  ore  business.  In  1894  he  organized  the 
firm  of  Runyon,  Stubbs  and  Mack ;  and  was  engaged  in  the  blast 
furnace  business  as  the  Struthers  furnace  company.  In  1901  he 
moved  to  New  York  City ;  and  since  that  time  has  traveled  exten 
sively  in  Europe.  He  is  president  of  the  Strothers  furnace  com 
pany  ;  president  of  the  Strothers  coal  and  coke  company ;  and  is 
senior  partner  of  Runyon,  Fairbank  and  company. 

Russell,  Addison  Peale,  journalist,  state  legislator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  8,  1826,  in  Wilmington,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools;  and  received  the  degree  of  Litt.D.  from  the 
Ohio  university.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  became  an  ap 
prentice  to  the  printing  trade;  and  later  became  an  editor  and 
publisher.  In  1855  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  legisla- 


330  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

ture ;  and  in  1857-61  was  secretary  of  Ohio.  For  six  years  he  was 
in  New  York  as  financial  agent  of  Ohio.  He  is  the  author  of 
Half  Tints;  Library  Notes;  Thomas  Corwin;  Characteristics;  A 
Club  of  One ;  In  a  Club  Corner ;  and  Sub-Coelum. 

Ryals,  Garland  Mitchell,  farmer,  legislator,  was  born  May  27, 
1839,  in  Cumberland  county,  Va.  During  the  civil  war  he  was 
color  bearer  of  his  company;  became  second  sergeant,  and  was 
finally  promoted  to  captain  and  major  of  cavalry,  and  served  on 
the  staffs  of  Lee,  Stuart  and  Hampton.  After  the  war  he  engaged 
in  merchandising,  railroading  and  farming ;  and  in  1869  moved  to 
Savannah,  Ga.  In  1875  he  was  connected  with  a  cotton  farm,  and 
since  1880  has  pursued  truck  farming.  In  1890  he  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  legislature.  He  is 
vice-president  of  the  Farmers'  National  congress,  and  has  filled 
various  other  public  offices  of  trust. 

Ryan,  Thomas  F.,  judge  Clackamas  county  court  of  Oregon, 
was  born  April  9,  1859,  in  Centreville,  Kent  county,  R.I.  He  was 
educated  in  the  Providence  and  Holyoke  high  schools  and  acad 
emy  ;  and  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Oregon  City, 
Ore.  For  two  years  he  was  mayor  of  Oregon  City ;  city  recorder 
for  six  years ;  water  commissioner  for  five  years ;  chief  of  fire  de 
partment;  school  clerk  for  eight  years;  school  director  for  five 
years ;  and  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  state  good  roads 
association.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the  republican  county  com 
mittee;  a  member  of  the  congressional  committee.  He  has  been 
grand  high  priest  R.  A.  M.  of  Oregon ;  grand  patriarch  Independ 
ent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows;  and  for  four  years  was  grand  repre 
sentative  from  Oregon  to  the  sovereign  grand  lodge  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  Since  1888  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
county  court  for  Clackamas  county;  and  resides  in  Oregon  City, 
Ore. 

Sackett,  Henry  W.,  educator,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
31,  1853,  in  Enfield,  N.Y.  In  1870  he  graduated  from  Ithaca  acad 
emy  ;  and  in  1875  graduated  from  Cornell  university.  He  taught 
Latin  and  Greek  in  the  Monticello  military  academy;  and  then 
moved  to  New  York  city;  where  he  combined  law  studied  with 
the  writing  of  court  reports  and  special  articles  on  legal  subjects 
for  the  New  York  Tribune.  He  has  been  on  the  staff  of  the  gov 
ernor  of  New  York,  with  rank  of  colonel.  He  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  his  profession  of  law;  and  has  taken  part  in  the  reform 
movements  affecting  New  York's  municipal  affairs.  He  is  the 
author  of  Law  of  Libel  for  Newspaper  Men. 

Safford,  James  Merrill,  educator,  geologist,  chemist,  was  born 
Aug.  13,  1822,  in  Putnam,  now  a  part  of  Zanesville,  Ohio.  In 
1844  he  graduated  at  the  Ohio  university,  and  afterward  attended 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  331 

V;&  -^U| 

Yale  university,  from  which  institution  he  subsequently  received 
the  degree  of  Ph.D.  During  1848-72  he  was  professor  of  natural 
science  in  Cumberland  university;  during  1873-96  was  professor 
of  chemistry  in  the  medical  department  of  the  university  of  Nash 
ville  ;  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Vanderbilt  university  dur 
ing  1873-94 ;  and  since  1875  he  has  also  been  professor  of  natural 
history  and  geology  in  the  Vanderbilt  university.  In  1854-60  he 
was  state  geologist  at  Tennessee,  and  since  1871  has  filled  the 
same  position.  He  is  the  author  of  a  series  of  reports  on  the  Ge 
ology  of  Tennessee,  and  various  other  works. 

Sahler,  Charles  Oliver,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  June  23, 
1854,  in  Ulster  county,  N.Y.  For  twenty-seven  years  he  practiced 
medicine  in  Ulster  county,  N.Y. ;  and  in  1899  founded  the  Sahler 
sanitarium  of  Kingston,  N.Y.  He  is  the  author  of  Psychic  Life 
and  Law ;  and  American  Psychologist. 

Salisbury,  Albert,  soldier,  educator,  college  president,  author, 
was  born  Jan.  24,  1843,  in  Lima,  Wis.  In  1870  he  graduated  from 
the  Milton  college  of  Wisconsin;  and  received  the  degrees  of 
A.M.  and  Ph.D.  from  that  institution.  He  served  as  a  private 
soldier  during  the  civil  war  in  the  thirteenth  regiment  Wisconsin 
volunteer  infantry.  Since  1885  he  has  been  president  of  the  state 
normal  school  of  Whitewater,  Wis.  He  is  the  author  of  Phomol- 
ogy  and  Orthoepy;  History  of  Normal  Instruction  in  Wisconsin; 
and  The  Theory  of  Teaching. 

Sanders,  Dallas,  civil  service  commissioner  for  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1848,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  For 
three  years  he  was  a  student  at  the  university  of  Western  Penn 
sylvania;  studied  law  with  Judge  George  M.  Dallas;  and  in  1869 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  For  several  years  he  was  editor  of  the 
Legal  Intelligencer  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1878-81  he  was  assist 
ant  district  attorney  for  Philadelphia  county,  Pa. ;  in  1882-84  was 
a  member  of  the  common  councils  of  Philadelphia ;  and  chairman 
of  the  survey  committee.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  many  demo 
cratic  city  and  state  conventions;  in  1880  was  a  national  dele 
gate  ;  and  in  1887  was  state  chairman.  In  1893  he  was  appointed 
practically  for  life,  by  the  judges  of  Philadelphia  county,  as  a 
member  of  the  board  for  city  trusts,  which  has  charge  of  all  be 
quests  and  charities  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  especially  Girard 
college  and  Wills  Eye  hospital.  On  March  5,  1906,  the  general 
assembly  of  Pennsylvania  passed  a  civil  service  act  for  cities  of 
the  first  class,  which  included  Philadelphia.  On  March  15,  1906, 
Mr.  Sanders  resigned  from  the  board  of  city  trusts,  and  he  was 
on  the  same  day  appointed  by  the  mayor  of  Philadelphia  as  one 
of  the  civil  service  commissioners  for  the  term  of  three  years 
under  this  new  act. 


332  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Sanders,  James  Morton,  judge  Shelby  county  court  of  Texas, 
was  born  Nov.  9,  1870,  in  Shelby  county,  Texas.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Center,  Tex. ;  and  at  the  public  and  pri 
vate  schools  of  Lebanon,  Tenn.  For  four  years  he  was  county 
attorney  of  Shelby  county,  Texas;  and  has  filled  several  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1902  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  county  court  for  Shelby  county ;  and  resides  in  Center,  Tex. 

Sanford,  Stephen,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born  May 
26,  1826,  in  Mayfield,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools ; 
at  the  academy  of  Amsterdam,  N.Y. ;  at  the  Georgetown  college 
of  the  District  of  Columbia;  and  for  two  years  was  a  student  at 
West  Point.  In  1884  he  entered  the  carpet  manufacturing  busi 
ness,  now  one  of  the  largest  establishments  of  its  kind  in  the 
county.  He  founded  the  Amsterdam  reservoir  company,  by 
which  a  thousand  acres  of  land  have  been  flooded  by  the  waters 
of  the  Chunctanunda  Creek,  supplying  water  power  for  its  own 
and  other  manufactories.  He  is  president  of  the  Amsterdam  res 
ervoir,  company;  president  of  the  Chunctanunda  gas  light  com 
pany  ;  president  of  the  Amsterdam  national  bank ;  and  president 
of  the  Greenhill  cemetery  association.  He  is  an  agriculturist  and 
a  breeder  of  horses  and  cattle.  In  1869-71  he  was  a  representative 
from  New  York  to  the  forty-first  congress  as  a  republican.  He 
founded  a  home  for  elderly  women  of  Montgomery  county;  and 
presented  it  to  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  N.Y.  He  also  built  the 
Children's  home;  and  has  been  a  large  contributor  to  the  hospit 
als  and  churches  of  his  community. 

Sawyer,  Joseph  Henry,  professor  of  education,  was  born  May 

29,  1842,  in  Davenport,  N.Y.    He  received  a  thorough  education; 
and  graduated  from  Amherst  college  of  Massachusetts.    He  has 
attained  success  in  the  educational  world ;  and  has  held  numerous 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.    He  is  now  principal  of  Williston 
seminary  at  Easthampton,  Mass. 

Sayers,  Joseph  D.,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  governor,  was 
born  Sept.  23,  1841,  in  Grenada,  Miss.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Texas  state  senate  in  the  session  of  1873 ;  and  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Texas  in  1879-80.  He  was  elected  to  the  forty-ninth, 
fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  from  Texas  as  a 
democrat.  In  1898  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  Texas ; 
and  was  re-elected  to  a  second  term  in  1900.  He  served  his  state 
with  great  executive  ability  as  governor  of  Texas  until  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term  in  1903.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  Austin,  Texas. 

Sayres,  Edw.  Stalker,  soldier,  lawyer,  financier,  was  born  July 

30,  1850,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.    In  3872-73  he  was  recorder  of  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  333 

law  academy  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  been  first  lieutenant  of 
company  D,  first  regiment  infantry  Pennsylvania  national  guard ; 
and  served  in  the  labor  riots  in  1875  and  1877,  resigning  his  com 
mission  in  1880.  He  has  attained  eminence  as  a  lawyer ;  has  been 
a  director  of  the  Merchants  trust  company,  treasurer  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  civil  service  reform  association,  recording  secretary  of 
the  genealogical  society  of  Pennsylvania,  treasurer  of  the  general 
military  order  of  foreign  wars,  and  secretary  of  the  society  of 
colonial  wars  in  Pennsylvania. 

Scanlon,  Lawrence,  clergyman,  bishop,  was  born  Sept.  29; 
]843,  in  Ireland.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools;  and 
in  1868  graduated  from  the  college  of  Dublin,  Ireland ;  in  1868  he 
was  ordained  to  the  priesthood ;  in  1868-70  he  was  assistant  pastor 
of  St.  Patrick's  church;  and  in  1870-71  was  assistant  pastor  of 
St.  Mary's  cathedral  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  For  three  months  he 
filled  a  pastorate  in  Woodland,  Cal. ;  and  for  a  short  time  preached 
in  Piche,  Nev.,  and  Peteluma,  Cal.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  pas 
tor  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  of  the  whole  territory  of  Utah ;  and  in 
1887  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Laranda  and  vicar  apostolic  of 
Utah.  In  1891  he  was  appointed  first  bishop  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Scarborough,  William  Saunders,  educator,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1852,  in  Macon,  Ga.  In  1875  he  grad 
uated  from  Oberlin  college  with  the  honorary  degrees  of  A.M., 
Ph.D.  and  LL.D.  and  for  a  short  time  was  a  student  at  the  Oberlin 
theological  seminary.  In  1891-95  he  was  professor  of  Greek  in 
the  Payne  theological  seminary  of  Wilberforce,  Ohio;  for  nine 
teen  years  he  was  professor  of  classical  Greek;  and  is  now  vice- 
president  of  Wilberforce  university.  He  is  exegetical  editor  of 
the  Sunday  school  publication  of  the  African  methodist  episcopal 
church.  He  is  the  author  of  First  Lessons  in  Greek ;  Theory  and 
Functions  of  the  Thematic  Vowel  in  the  Greek  Verb ;  our  Political 
Status ;  Birds  of  Aristophanes,  a  Theory  of  Interpretation. 

Schneider,  August  C.,  reporter  state  supreme  court  of  Mon 
tana.  He  is  reporter  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Montana ;  and 
resides  in  Helena,  Mont. 

Schaeffer,  Nathan  C.,  superintendent  of  public  instruction  of 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1849,  in  Maxatawny  township, 
Berks  county,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  Franklin  and  Marshall 
college  of  Lancaster,  Pa. ;  and  attended  the  universities  of  Berlin, 
Tubingen  and  Leipsig.  He  has  received  the  honorary  degrees  of 
A.M.,  Ph.D.,  D.D.  and  LL.D.  In  1875-77  he  was  a  professor  in 
the  Franklin  and  Marshall  college ;  in  1877-93  was  principal  of 
the  Keystone  state  normal  school;  and  is  a  clergyman  of  the 
reformed  church  in  the  United  States.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
commission  of  industrial  education;  secretary  of  the  Medical 


334  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

council  of  Pennsylvania ;  secretary  of  the  Dental  council  of  Penn 
sylvania  ;  secretary  of  the  college  and  university  council  of  Penn 
sylvania  ;  and  in  1905-07  was  president  of  the  National  educational 
association.  He  is  the  author  of  Thinking  and  Learning  to  Think ; 
and  History  of  Education  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  for  the  commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania;  is 
serving  his  fifth  term  of  1909-14 ;  and  resides  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Schoellkopf,  Arthur,  manufacturer,  banker,  business  presi 
dent,  was  born  June  13,  1856,  in  Buffalo,  N.Y.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  at  St.  Joseph 's  college  of  Buffalo,  at  Bryant 
and  Stratton's  business  college,  and  studied  four  years  in  Ger 
many.  He  is  president  of  the  Niagara  Falls  mill  company,  Cliff 
paper  company,  Gluck  realty  company,  and  the  Niagara  Falls 
brewing  company.  He  is  also  secretary-treasurer  and  general 
manager  of  the  Niagara  Falls  hydraulic  power  and  manufactur 
ing  company  of  Niagara  Falls,  N.Y. ;  and  was  mayor  of  that  city. 

Schuyler,  James  Dix,  hydraulic  engineer,  author,  was  born 
May  11,  1848,  in  Ithaca,  N.Y.  In  1863-68  he  attended  Friend's 
college;  and  also  further  studied  under  private  tutors.  In  1869, 
73  he  was  engaged  in  railroad  construction.  In  1878-82  he  was 
assistant  state  engineer  of  California;  and  in  1882-84  was  chief 
engineer  and  superintendent  of  the  Cinaloa  and  Durango  railroad 
in  Mexico.  In  1884-85  he  built  a  section  of  the  sea-wall  in  San 
Francisco ;  in  1887-88  built  Sweetwater  dam ;  has  built  water 
works  in  Denver  and  Portland;  various  irrigation  works  in  the 
west ;  and  is  now  a  successful  hydraulic  engineer  of  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.  He  is  the  author  of  Reservoirs  for  Irrigations ;  Water  Power 
and  Domestic  Water  Supply;  and  other  works. 

Scott,  Charles,  soldier,  lawyer,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1847, 
in  Jackson,  Miss.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  joined  the  confederate 
army,  and  served  wtih  distinction.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  law 
yers  of  the  south  at  Rosedale,  Miss. ;  the  president  of  the  bank  of 
Rosedale ;  prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and 
state ;  and  for  many  years  was  president  of  the  Mississippi  levee 
commissioners.  He  is  possessed  of  a  constructive  talent  which 
places  him  in  the  front  rank  of  lawmakers;  and  his  name  has 
several  times  been  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  senatorship 
of  his  state ;  and  resides  in  Rosedale,  Miss.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  governor  in  1907,  and  received  only  about  three  thousand 
votes  less  than  his  successful  competitor. 

Scott,  Charles  Frederick,  journalist,  congressman,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  7,  1860,  near  lola,  Kansas.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  county,  and 
at  the  Kansas  State  university.  Since  1892  he  has  been  the  owner 
and  editor  of  The  Register  of  lola,  Kan.  In  1891  he  became  a 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  335 

member  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  state  university ;  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Kansas  State  Editorial  association  in  1893 ;  president 
of  the  Kansas  State  Republican  league  in  1895;  and  a  candidate 
for  presidential  elector  in  1896.  In  1892-96  he  was  a  member  of 
the  senate  of  the  Kansas  state  legislature ;  and  on  several  impor 
tant  committees;  and  served  with  distinction  in  that  body.  In 
1901-11  he  was  a  represenative  from  Kansas  to  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses.  He  is  the  author 
of  In  the  Far  East ;  and  other  works. 

Scott,  Harvey  W.,  journalist,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1838,  near 
Peoria,  111.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  various 
schools  in  Oregon,  and  graduated  from  the  Pacific  university.  In 
1864  he  moved  to  Portland,  Ore.,  intending  to  follow  the  profes 
sion  of  law,  but  took  up  writing  for  the  press.  Since  1865  he  has 
been  the  editor  of  The  Oregonian,  the  leading  daily  newspaper  of 
that  state.  To  this  publication  he  has  since  devoted  his  attention. 
He  is  a  clear  and  forcible  writer,  and  a  man  of  executive  ability 
and  untiring  energy. 

Scott,  Rufus  Leonard,  lawyer,  was  born  March  31,  1835,  in 
Lanesborough,  Mass.  In  1861  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
has  since  continued  the  practice  of  law  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
residing  in  Brooklyn.  In  1877  he  was  elected  registrar  of  arrears 
for  the  city  of  Brooklyn ;  and  he  was  instrumental  in  having  the 
plan  of  advertising  the  tax  sales  in  pamphlet  form  for  distribu 
tion,  with  a  reference  notice  in  the  daily  papers,  insead  of  adver 
tising  in  detail  through  the  press ;  and  this  measure  subsequently 
became  a  law.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen ; 
a  member  of  the  board  of  education;  was  a  leader  in  securing 
rapid  transit  for  the  city ;  one  of  the  promoters  and  founders  of 
the  Bushwick  and  East  Brooklyn  dispensary ;  and  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Bushwick  Savings  bank ;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn, 
N.Y. 

Scovel,  Charles  Woodruff,  member  republican  party  of  Penn 
sylvania,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1862,  in  Springfield,  Ohio.  In  1883 
he  graduated  from  Western  university  of  Pennsylvania  with  the 
degree  of  A.B. ;  attended  the  Columbia  university  law  school  in1 
1883-84;  and  the  university  of  Berlin  in  1884-85.  In  1886-97  he 
practiced  law  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  and  since  1897  has  been  manager 
for  Western  Pennsylvania  of  the  Provident  savings  life  assurance 
society  of  New  York.  In  1901-02  he  was  president  of  the  Pitts- 
burg  life  underwriters'  association;  and  in  1905-06  was  president 
of  the  national  association  of  life  underwriters.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  republican  political  party;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Seaman,  Albert  Owen,  lieutenant  United  States  army,  was 
born  Feb.  7,  1877,  in  Greenville,  111.  He  was  educated  at  the 


336  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Greenville  college  and  at  the  Gem  city  business  college.  He  is  by 
profession  an  expert  accountant.  In  1900  he  was  first  lieutenant 
in  the  Porto  Rico  regiment ;  and  in  1901  became  second  lieutenant 
in  the  eleventh  infantry.  Since  1903  he  has  held  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant  in  the  fifteenth  infantry ;  and  is  now  stationed  on 
the  transport  Meade  as  quartermaster  United  States  army. 

Seaman,  William  Henry,  educator,  chemist,  scientist,  was  born 
Nov.  1,  1837,  in  New  York  City.  In  1872  he  received  the  degree 
of  B.L.  from  Columbian  university ;  and  in  1883  received  the  de 
gree  of  M.D.  from  Howard  university.  In  1869-79  he  was  en 
gaged  in  museum  work  in  the  United  States  department  of  agri 
culture;  and  since  1879  has  been  examiner  in  the  United  States 
patent  office.  In  1891  he  was  president  of  the  Washington  micro 
scopical  society;  and  in  1894  was  president  of  the  Washington 
chemical  society.  He  has  made  valuable  researches  on  the  micro 
scopical  anatomy  of  plants. 

Searight,  James  Allison,  president  People's  bank  of  Fayette 
county,  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1836,  in  Fayette  county, 
Pa.  He  received  an  academical  education  at  Dunlap  Creek  Pres 
byterian  academy  of  Fayette  county,  Pa. ;  and  in  1863  graduated 
from  Kenyon  college  of  Gambier,  Ohio.  He  has  been  engaged  in 
Uniontown  in  the  banking  business,  the  steel  business,  the  timber 
business,  and  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  business;  and  also 
in  general  business  such  as  the  settling  up  of  estates.  He  assisted 
in  obtaining  a  charter  for  the  People's  bank  of  Fayette  county, 
was  its  cashier,  and  in  1889  became  president  of  that  institution. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Record  of  the  Searight  Family  in  America, 
which  has  become  recognized  as  a  standard  genealogical  work. 
His  brother,  Thomas  B.  Searight,  a  collegemate  of  James  G. 
Elaine,  was  a  representative  and  state  senator  in  the  Pennsyl 
vania  state  legislature;  was  surveyor-general  of  the  territory  of 
Colorado  under  General  Grant;  was  the  author  of  The  History 
of  the  National  Road ;  and  resided  in  Uniontown  until  his  death 
in  1899.  Mr.  James  A.  Searight  is  still  president  of  the  People's 
bank  of  Fayette  county ;  and  resides  in  Uniontown,  Pa. 

Searles,  William  Henry,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  June 
4,  1837,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools ; 
at  the  Wesleyan  university;  and  in  1860  graduated  from  the 
Rensselaer  polytechnic  institute;  in  1862-64  he  was  professor  of 
geodesy  and  road  engineering  at  the  Rensselaer  polytechnic  insti 
tute  ;  in  1864-85  was  engaged  in  locating  and  constructing  rail 
ways  in  Ohio,  Michigan,  Pennsylvania,  Indiana  and  New  York;  in 
1876-78  he  was  engineer  of  the  New  York  state  canals ;  and  since 
1880  has  been  a  consulting  engineer  in  general  practice.  He  is 
the  author  of  Field  Engineering;  and  The  Railway  Spiral. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  337 

Sechler,  Thomas  Mackey,  soldier,  manufacturer,  was  born  Oct. 
25,  1841,  in  Milton,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  high  schools  of 
Ironton  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  and  in  1863  graduated  from  Ma 
rietta  college  where  he  subsequently  received  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
and  A.M.  In  1863-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war ;  and  was  pro 
moted  through  the  various  grades  of  first  lieutenant,  acting  assist 
ant  quartermaster  and  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  and 
provost-marshal.  In  1866-69  he  was  engaged  in  the  iron  business 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  and  in  1869-71  was  in  the  same  business  in 
Montgomery  county,  Tenn.  In  1877-88  he  was  a  carriage  manu 
facturer  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  and  since  1897  has  been  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  carriages,  corn  planters  and  other  planting 
tools  and  implements.  He  is  president  of  two  carriage  compa 
nies;  president  of  the  Wright  carriage  body  company;  director 
of  the  Mutual  wheel  company ;  director  of  the  American  harvest 
ing  company;  and  until  1907  was  vice-president  of  the  savings 
bank  and  trust  company  of  Moline,  111.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Cincinnati  technical  school;  and  for  a  time  was  trustee  of  the 
Miline  public  library. 

Seelye,  Laurenus  Clark,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1837,  in  Bethel,  Conn.  For  eight  years  this  emi 
nent  clergyman  was  professor  of  English  literature  and  rhetoric 
in  Amherst  college;  and  since  1873  has  been  president  of  the 
Smith  College  for  "Women  of  Northampton,  Mass. 

Seiber,  William,  mayor  of  Central  City,  W.Va.,  was  born  Feb. 
5.  1869,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  business 
man  and  manufacturer  of  Central  City,  W.Va. ;  proprietor  of  the 
Central  Veneer  company;  and  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city.  He  has  filled  various  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor;  and  as  mayor  of  his  city  has  shown 
great  business  and  executive  ability.  Since  1900  he  has  filled  the 
office  of  mayor  of  Central  City ;  and  resides  in  Central  City,  W.Va. 

Selden,  Edwin  Van  Deusen,  lieutenant- colonel  Pennsylvania 
national  guard,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1858,  in  Lawrenceville,  Alle 
gheny  county,  Pa.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Colonel  Samuel  Selden, 
who  was  captured  by  the  British  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  and 
died  in  a  prison  in  1774.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  pri 
vate  schools  of  Meadville,  Pa.;  and  at  the  Episcopal  academy  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  a  well-known  oil  refiner  and  producer ; 
is  connected  with  the  Crystal  oil  works  of  Oil  City,  Pa. ;  president 
of  the  Oil  City  oil  exchange ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions 
of  trust  and  honor.  He  has  been  quartermaster  of  the  sixteenth 
regiment  national  guard  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1898  became 
colonel  of  the  twenty-first  regiment  infantry.  He  is  lieutenant- 


338  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

colonel  and  inspector  of  rifle  practice  for  the  Pennsylvania  divi 
sion  of  the  Pennsylvania  national  guard ;  and  resides  in  Oil  City, 
Pa. 

Sell,  Edward  Herman  Miller,  physician,  surgeon,  founder,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1832,  in  Lehigh  county,  Pa.  In  1876  he 
was  one  of  the  seven  organizers  of  the  American  academy  of  med 
icine  ;  and  has  spent  more  than  six  years  abroad  in  the  interest  of 
medicine  and  science.  He  is  the  author  of  several  medical  mono 
graphs  ;  and  in  1869-80  was  editor  of  the  Physician  and  Pharma 
cist. 

Sewall,  May  Wright,  educator,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
May  27,  1844,  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.  She  received  the  rudiments  of 
her  education  in  the  district  schools;  attended  the  Tafton  acad 
emy  and  Northwestern  university.  She  has  been  president  of  the 
National  Council  of  Women  of  the  United  States ;  president  of  the 
Propylaeum  association  of  Indianapolis;  and  president  of  the 
Ramabai  Circle  of  Indianapolis.  She  has  contributed  to  the  press 
on  historical,  literary  and  reform  subjects;  a  large  number  of 
pamphlets  and  monographs  on  educational  and  reform  topics; 
and  her  public  addresses  have  been  very  numerous.  She  is  now 
engaged  in  educational  work  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  has  charge 
of  the  Girls'  Classical  school  of  that  city,  of  which  her  husband 
was  the  founder.  In  1899  she  became  president  of  the  Interna 
tional  council  of  women ;  and  was  a  commissioner  to  the  congress 
convened  at  Paris  in  connection  with  the  Paris  exposition.  She 
is  the  author  of  Historical  Resume  of  the  "World's  Congress  of 
Representative  Women. 

Seward,  William  Henry,  soldier,  banker,  was  born  June  18, 
1839,  in  Auburn,  N.Y.  He  served  throughout  the  civil  war  in 
1861-65  in  defenses  of  Washington  in  the  army  of  the  Potomac, 
department  of  West  Virginia;  and  was  wounded  and  promoted 
for  gallantry.  He  was  colonel  with  the  New  York  heavy  artil 
lery;  and  obtained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  United  States 
volunteers.  In  1860  he  founded  and  is  still  at  the  head  of  the 
banking  house  of  William  H.  Seward  and  company  of  Auburn, 
N.Y.  In  1888  he  was  president  of  the  New  York  state'  electoral 
college ;  has  been  president  of  the  Cayuga  county  savings  bank ; 
president  of  the  Auburn  city  hospital;  president  of  the  Cayuga 
county  historical  society;  director  of  the  American  express  com 
pany;  and  prominent  in  various  institutions. 

Shaffer,  Thomas  Jefferson,  soldier,  sugar  planter,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1842,  in  Terrebonne  parish,  La.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Centenary  college  of  Jackson,  La.  In  1861  he  entered  the  con 
federate  service  as  a  private  in  the  first  battalion  Louisiana  in 
fantry;  was  promoted  second  lieutenant  in  the  twenty-sixth 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  339 

Louisiana  infantry ;  was  in  the  battle  of  Chickasaw  Bayau ;  was  at 
the  fall  of  New  Orleans  and  through  the  siege  of  Vicksburg ;  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  police  jury ;  is  a  successful  sugar  planter  of  Franklin,  La. ; 
and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  his  community.  He  was  commander  of  Florian  Cornay  camp, 
united  confederate  veterans ;  and  in  1909-10  was  commander  of  the 
Louisiana  division  united  confederate  veterans. 

Shanklin,  John  H.,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1824,  in  Monroe  county,  W.Va.  For  several  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  educational  work;  in  1851-52  was  probate  judge  of 
Grundy  county,  Mo. ;  and  since  1852  has  practiced  law  in  Trenton. 
He  served  in  the  Mexican  war;  and  in  1861  was  commissioned 
division  inspector  with  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  mustered  in  the 
twenty-third  regiment  Missouri  volunteer  infantry;  subsequently 
mustered  in  two  battalions  of  Missouri  militia ;  and  in  1862  helped 
to  organize  the  Missouri  state  militia,  of  which  he  was  commis 
sioned  lieutenant-colonel.  He  subsequently  organized  the  thir 
tieth  regiment  enrolled  militia  of  Missouri,  and  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  same.  He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  conven 
tion  which  framed  the  existing  constitution  of  Missouri ;  in  1869- 
71  he  was  president  of  the  Chillicothe  and  Des  Moines  City  Rail 
way  company;  and  in  1890-91  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
town-site  commissioners  at  Guthrie,  Okla.  He  is  president  of  the 
Grundy  county  coal  company;  and  for  many  years  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Trenton  handle  manufacturing  company;  and  the 
Trenton  gas  and  electric  light  company ;  and  is  now  a  retired  law 
yer  of  Trenton,  Mo. 

Shannon,  Richard  Cutts,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  was 
born  Feb.  12,  1839,  in  New  London,  Conn.  He  was  educated  at 
the  public  schools  and  at  Colby  university,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  as  a  member  of  the  class  of  1862.  He  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  company  H,  fifth  Maine  volunteers  in  1861,  and  was 
promoted  to  second  sergeant,  and  in  1861  commissioned  first  lieu 
tenant  of  the  same  company.  In  1862  he  was  commissioned  cap 
tain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volunteers,  serving  contin 
uously  till  the  end  of  the  war,  receiving  the  brevets  of  major 
and  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers.  In  1871  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Grant  secretary  of  the  United  States  legation  at  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  Brazil,  and  served  until  1875,  when  he  resigned.  In 
1876  he  took  charge  of  the  Botanical  garden  railroad  company, 
an  American  enterprise  in  Brazil,  of  which  he  subsequently  be 
came  the  vice-president  and  general  manager,  and  finally  the  pres 
ident.  In  1891  he  was  appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  min 
ister  plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  the  republics  of  Nic- 


340  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

aragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Salvador,  and  served  until  1893.  He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  republican. 

Sharpless,  Isaac,  educator,  college  president,  author,  was  born 
Dec.  16,  1848,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  Since  1887  he  has  been 
president  of  Haverford  college  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  the  author 
of  Astronomy;  Geometry;  English  Education;  Quakerism  and 
Politics ;  and  Two  Centuries  of  Pennsylvania  History. 

Shaver,  Edwin,  soldier,  business  man,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1841, 
in  Salisbury,  N.C.  He  was  educated  at  the  free  school  of  Salis 
bury,  N.C. ;  attended  Allison  school  of  Salisbury.  N.C. ;  Hallo- 
weirs  high  school  of  Alexandria,  Va. ;  Princeton  college  of  New 
Jersey ;  and  Harvard  university  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  During  the 
civil  war  he  served  as  a  private  in  the  first  North  Carolina  cav 
alry  ;  and  participated  in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes.  He  is 
a  ruling  elder  in  the  First  Congregational  church  of  Salisbury, 
N.C.  For  many  years  he  has  been  identified  with  the  real  estate 
business  of  Salisbury,  N.C. ;  and  is  prominently  identified  with 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city. 

Shaw,  Charles  Gray,  educator,  author,  was  born  June  23,  1871, 
in  Elizabeth,  N.J.  In  1894  he  graduated  from  Cornell  university 
with  the  degree  of  B.L. ;  in  1897  he  graduated  from  the  New 
York  university  as  Ph.D. ;  and  in  1897  received  the  degree  of 
B.D.  from  Drew  theological  seminary.  He  was  a  student  of  phil 
osophy  at  Jena  in  Berlin.  Since  1899  he  has  been  professor  of 
philosophy  in  the  New  York  university;  and  is  constantly  en 
gaged  in  the  work  of  public  lecturing.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  philosophical  association;  a  member  of  the  religious 
education  association ;  a  member  of  the  Society  of  colonial  wars ; 
a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  revolution.  He  is  the  author  of 
Christianity  and  Modern  Culture;  The  Precinct  of  Religion;  and 
The  Development  of  Philosophy. 

Shea,  Daniel  William,  educator,  legislator,  scientist,  author, 
was  born  Nov.  27,  1859,  in  Portsmouth,  N.H.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Greenland  and  at  Brackett  academy  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  Harvard  university,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  He  subsequently  studied 
in  Berlin;  and  in  1892  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Fried- 
rich- Wilhelm's  university.  In  1886-88  he  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  state  legislature  from  Greenland.  In  1889-92  he 
was  assistant  in  physics  at  Harvard  university;  in  1892-94  filled 
the  same  chair  in  the  university  of  Illinois ;  and  was  professor  of 
physics  in  that  institution  in  1894-95.  Since  1895  he  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  physics  at  the  Catholic  university  of  America  at  Wash 
ington,  D.C.  In  1897-1903  he  was  general  secretary  of  the  Catho- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  341 

lie  university  of  America;  and  is  a  member  of  the  American 
physical  society  and  other  scientific  associations.  He  is  the  author 
of  several  scientific  works  in  German. 

Sheehan,  William  F.,  of  New  York,  chairman  executive  com 
mittee  democratic  national  committee,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1859,  in 
Buffalo,  N.Y.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  graduated  from  St.  Joseph's  college  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.  He  at 
tained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  his  state ; 
and  has  always  been  prominently  identified  with  local  and  na 
tional  politics.  In  1885-91  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  assembly 
of  New  York ;  and  in  1891  was  speaker  of  the  state  assembly.  In 
1892-94  he  was  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state  of  New  York; 
and  in  1904  was  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  dem 
ocratic  national  committee  in  the  campaign  of  1904.  He  now  prac 
tices  his  profession  in  New  York. city. 

Shepard,  Edward  Martin,  educator,  geologist,  author,  was 
born  May  15,  1854,  in  West  Winstead,  Conn.  He  was  educated 
in  Russells  collegiate  and  military  institute  of  New  Haven,  Conn. ; 
at  Williams  college  and  at  the  Waynesburg  college  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  In  1878  he  was  professor  of  natural  science  in  Waynes- 
burg  college.  Since  1879  he  has  been  professor  of  biology  and 
geology;  in  1893-94  he  was  acting  president;  and  since  1903  has 
been  dean  of  Drury  college ;  in  1894-95  he  was  special  assistant 
of  the  Missouri  geological  survey;  and  since  1903  has  been  field 
assistant  of  the  department  of  hydrology  in  the  United  States 
geological  survey.  Since  1893  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  managers ;  in  1903-06  he  was  vice-president ;  and  since  1906  has 
been  secretary  of  the  Missouri  bureau  of  geology  and  mines.  He 
is  the  author  of  Systematic  Mineral  Record. 

Shepherd,  James  Leftwich,  judge  district  court  of  Texas,  was 
born  July  22,  1860,  in  White  Plains,  Ala.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  private  schools  of  Virginia ;  and  at  the  Texas  military 
institute.  He  soon  acquired  prominence  at  the  bar.  He  has  been 
profesor  of  mathematics  and  latin  at  the  Texas  military  insti 
tute;  professor  of  mathematics  at  the  state  agricultural  and  me 
chanical  college  of  Texas;  and  professor  at  the  Texas  German 
and  English  academy.  He  has  been  district  surveyor  of  the  land 
district  of  Texas ;  and  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Colo 
rado  public  schools  for  ten  years.  He  has  been  county  attorney 
for  Mitchell  county;  and  has  filled  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Texas  state  bar  association;  a 
member  of  the  knights  of  pythias ;  and  of  various  other  fraternal 
and  patriotic  orders.  Since  1900  he  has  been  judge  of  the  thirty- 
second  judicial  district  court  of  Texas;  and  resides  in  Colorado, 
Texas. 


342  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Sherrick,  David  E.,  of  the  Sherrick  land  company  of  Indian 
apolis,  Ind.,  was  born  March.  9,  1861,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ind. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and 
graduated  from  the  high  school.  For  awhile  he  was  engaged  in 
educational  work.  He  then  became  interested  in  insurance;  at 
tained  success  as  an  underwriter ;  and  is  now  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  business.  In  1902-06  he  was  auditor  of  the  state  of  Indiana ; 
and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  and  is  head  of  the  Sherrick  land  company 
of  that  city. 

Shine,  John  W.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  8,  1861,  at 
Courtland,  Ontario,  Canada.  When  about  a  year  old  he,  with  his 
parents,  moved  to  Port  Austin,  Michigan.  He  received  his  pri 
mary  schooling  at  the  high  school  at  Port  Crescent,  Mich.,  and 
after  finishing  his  education  took  up  the  study  of  the  law.  In 
1888  he  located  in  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.,  and  continued  the 
study  of  law,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1890.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
where  he  enjoys  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  has  been 
connected  with  some  of  the  most  important  cases  tried  in  the 
state  and  federal  courts  of  that  state.  He  served  three  terms  as 
corporation  counsel  for  the  city;  and  many  of  the  most  whole 
some  and  beneficial  legislation  of  the  city  was  framed  and  enacted 
at  his  suggestion.  He  has  traveled  extensively  in  the  Holy  Land 
and  Egypt  and  other  Mediterranean  countries. 

Shippen,  Joseph,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1839, 
in  Meadville,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools;  and  at  Allegheny  college  of  Pennsylvania;  and  gradu 
ated  from  Harvard  university  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  and  A.M. 
He  was  commissioned  by  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  to  visit,  relieve 
and  report  as  to  sick  and  wounded  Pennsylvania  soldiers  in  the 
civil  war.  He  was  agent  and  secretary  of  the  United  States  sani 
tary  commission  for  western  Pennsylvania  at  Pittsburg.  For  one 
year  he  taught  in  a  high  school  of  Worcester,  Mass. ;  and  was  mas 
ter  and  chancery  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  for  the  eastern 
district  of  Missouri. 

Shiras,  Oliver  Perry,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  author,  was  born 
Oct.  22,  1833,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  removed  to  Dubuque,  Iowa, 
and  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  He  was  aid-de-camp 
and  judge  advocate  on  the  staff  of  General  Herron  in  the  army 
of  the  frontier  during  1862  and  1863 ;  and  in  1882-93  he  was  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  northern  district  of  Iowa.  He  is  the 
author  of  Equity  Practice  in  Circuit  Courts  of  United  States. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  343 

Shoemaker,  William  Lukens,  philologist,  poet,  was  born  July 
19,  1822,  in  Georgetown,  D.C.  He  is  of  Quaker  descent.  He  grad 
uated  in  medicine,  but  never  practiced  the  profession.  His  poems, 
bird  songs,  translations  from  the  German  of  Heine  and  others,  are 
distinguished  by  rare  perfection  of  form  and  melody.  He  is  best 
known  for  his  Sweetheart  Bird  Song,  set  to  music  by  Balfe,  the 
English  composer.  As  a  linguist  and  poet  he  holds  a  masterly 
rank. 

Shortlidge,  Joseph,  soldier,  educator,  jurist,  founder,  college 
president,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1832,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  academic  education;  and  in  1863  graduated 
from  Yale  college,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts.  He  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  and  was  principal  of  Putnam  academy  of  New  York ;  and 
principal  of  Fairville  institute  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1862  he 
founded  Maplewood  institute.  In  1863  he  was  sworn  in  as  a 
volunteer  when  Gen.  Lee  invaded  Pennsylvania.  In  1865-68  in 
addition  to  his  duties  as  a  teacher,  he  took  a  three-years'  course 
in  chemical  analysis.  In  1880  he  became  president  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  state  college.  He  has  just  completed  a  large  gymnasium 
for  Maplewood  institute.  In  addition  to  his  duties  as  principal 
of  Maplewood  institute,  he  has  for  seventeen  years  served  as  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  in  Concordville,  Pa. ;  and  in  1904  was  re-elected 
for  another  term  of  five  years  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is  a 
member  of  Bradbury  post,  grand  army  of  the  republic;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Shriver,  Alfred  Jenkins,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  5, 
1867,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  In  1891  he  graduated  from  Johns  Hop 
kins  university  with  the  degree  of  A.B. ;  and  in  1893  graduated 
from  the  law  school  of  the  university  of  Maryland.  Since  1893  he 
has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Baltimore,  Md. ;  and 
has  been  prominently  identified  with  states  and  will  cases.  He  is 
secretary  of  the  general  alumni  association  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 
university;  and  protector  of  St.  Mary's  female  orphan  asylum  of 
Roland  Park,  Md.  He  is  the  author  of  Law  of  Wills  and  Personal 
Property  in  Maryland  Prior  to  Aug.  1,  1884 ;  Status  of  Preferred 
Stock  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  company;  and  other 
legal  publications. 

Sibley,  Frank  J.,  member  prohibition  national  committee  for 
Arizona,  was  born  Aug.  11,  1847,  in  Niagara  county,  N.Y.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  and  high  schools  of  New  York ;  and 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Arizona.  He  is  a  successful 
mine  owner  and  manager;  president  and  general  manager  of 
Cooper  Creek  mining  company;  and  treasurer  and  general  man 
ager  of  the  Blue  Jewel  copper  company.  In  1876-77  he  was  sec- 


344  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

retary  of  the  New  York  state  prohibition  committee;  in  1880-81 
was  secretary  of  the  Kansas  state  prohibition  committee ;  in  1884 
was  chairman  of  the  Nebraska  state  prohibition  committee ;  and 
in  1899-1900  was  chairman  of  the  California  state  prohibition  com 
mittee.  He  was  a  member  of  the  prohibition  national  committee 
for  Arizona ;  and  resides  in  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Siebert,  Wilbur  Henry,  educator,  author,  was  born  Aug.  30, 
1866,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Co 
lumbus;  graduated  from  Ohio  state  university  in  1888;  from  Har 
vard  two  years  later,  and  studied  for  one  year  in  the  universities 
of  Germany.  For  many  years  he  has  taught  history  and  political 
science  in  the  Ohio  state  university,  and  since  1898  has  been 
associate  professor  of  European  history  in  that  institution.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Underground  Railroad  from  Slavery  to  Free 
dom  ;  The  History  and  Government  of  Ohio ;  and  various  historical 
articles;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Siegfried,  Daniel  F.,  department  commander  grand  army  of 
the  republic  for  North  Dakota,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1845,  in  Cotasau- 
qua,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of 
Bethlehem,  Pa.  For  three  years  he  was  trustee  of  the  normal 
school  at  Valley  City;  has  been  trustee  of  the  soldiers'  home  at 
Lisbon;  for  four  years  served  as  county  commissioner  of  Barnes 
county,  N.D. ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  is  a  successful  druggist  of  Sanborn,  N.D. ;  and  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city. 
He  has  all  the  Masonic  degrees  up  to  the  thirty-second  degree; 
and  has  always  been  a  great  worker  in  the  rite.  He  was  depart 
ment  commander  of  the  grand  army  of  the  republic  for  North 
Dakota  for  the  term  of  1905 ;  and  resides  in  Sanborn,  N.D. 

Siess,  Isaac  Edward,  physician,  surgeon,  banker,  was  born 
Aug.  30,  1871,  in  Mansura,  La.  In  1894  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  M.D.  from  the  medical  department  of  Tulane  university 
of  New  Orleans,  La.  He  has  attained  success  in  his  profession  at 
Wlrinfield,  La. ;  and  is  surgeon  to  several  railroads  and  to  the 
Maryland  casualty  company ;  and  medical  examiner  for  the  Equit 
able  and  New  York  life  insurance  companies.  He  has  been  vice- 
president  of  the  Inter-State  medical  association ;  president  of  the 
Parish  medical  association;  parish  coroner  and  alderman  for  the 
town  of  Winnfield,  La.  He  is  vice-president  of  the  Winnfield 
bank;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public 
affairs  of  his  community. 

Silloway,  Thomas  William,  architect,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  Aug.  7,  1828,  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  For  awhile  he  was  in 
the  grocery  business  and  in  1851  began  the  profession  of  archi 
tecture.  He  was  an  architect  for  over  four  hundred  churches, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  345 

either  new  or  remodeled;  was  architect  of  the  state  capital  at 
Montpelier,  Vt. ;  and  architect  for  the  Goddard  seminary  at  Barre, 
Vt. ;  Buchtell  college  at  Akron,  Ohio ;  and  numerous  town  halls 
and  court  houses.  He  subsequently  became  a  universalist  clergy 
man;  and  filled  pastorates  in  Boston  and  Brighton,  Mass.  He  is 
the  author  of  Text  Book  of  Modern  Carpentry ;  Treatise  on  Warm 
ing  and  Ventilation;  Cathedral  Towns  of  England,  Ireland  and 
Scotland ;  and  a  volume  of  Sermons. 

Silvester,  Charles  Frederick,  curator,  anatomist,  was  born  Dec. 
21,  1876,  in  Princeton,  N.J.  He  was  educated  at  Princeton  uni 
versity.  In  1899  he  accompanied  the  Perry  relief  expedition  as 
collector  of  vertebrate  material,  in  which  he  was  eminently  suc 
cessful.  He  is  now  curator  of  the  morphological  museum  and 
assistant  in  anatomy  at  the  Princeton  university  of  New  Jersey. 

Sim,  Arthur  W.,  state  representative  of  Massachusetts,  was 
born  Dec.  21,  1859,  in  South  Danvers,  now  Peabody,  Mass.  He  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  New 
England ;  and  graduated  from  Harvard  university  and  from  Har 
vard  law  school.  He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Peabody,  Mass.;  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  that  city ;  and  has  filled  several  positions  of  trust 
and  honor.  Since  1905  he  has  been  a  representative  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Peabody,  Mass. 

Simms,  Joseph  Milburn,  naval  officer,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1841, 
in  Patuxent,  Md.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  In  1861  he  served  in  the  sixth  battalion 
District  of  Columbia  volunteers;  in  1863  was  appointed  a  master 
in  the  United  States  navy ;  and  in  1863  was  promoted  acting  en 
sign.  He  served  in  the  north  Atlantic  blockading  squadron  and 
on  waters  of  the  southern  Pacific.  In  1865  he  was  wounded  in  a 
land  attack  on  Fort  Fisher ;  and  in  1868  resigned  from  the  navy. 
In  1868  he  was  commissioned  third  lieutenant  in  the  United  States 
revenue  cutter  service ;  and  has  served  in  various  states  from 
Maine  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  In  1895  he  was  retired  as  first 
lieutenant ;  and  was  advanced  to  captain  on  the  retired  list  of  the 
United  States  revenue  cutter  service  for  meritorious  acts  and 
wounds  received  in  the  United  States  service. 

Simonds,  Frederic  William,  educator,  geologist,  scientist,  au 
thor,  was  born  July  3,  1853,  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  In  1875  he 
graduated  from  Cornell  university  with  the  degree  of  B.S. ;  and 
subsequently  received  the  degrees  of  M.S.,  Ph.D.  and  D.Sc.  In 
1877-81  he  was  professor  of  geology,  zoology  and  botany  in  the 
university  of  North  Carolina;  and  in  1887-90  was  professor  of 
geology  and  biology  in  the  university  of  Arkansas.  Since  1895 
he  has  been  professor  of  geology  in  the  university  of  Texas.  He 


346  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of 
science.  He  is  the  author  of  Annual  Reports  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Arkansas;  A  Record  of  the  Geology  of  Texas  for  the 
Decade  Ending  in  1896;  The  Geography  of  Texas,  Physical  and 
Political;  and  other  works. 

Simpson,  Joseph  W.,  business  man,  statesman,  was  born  in 
1870  in  York  Harbor,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  Kent's  Hill  and  York,  Maine.  He  is  a  pro 
vision  merchant  and  interested  in  real  estate  at  York,  Maine; 
and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  that  city.  In  1897  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Maine  state 
legislature,  and  was  a  member  on  several  important  committees. 
He  has  been  town  treasurer;  member  of  the  county  committee; 
and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Maine  state  senate  for  York  county  for  the  term 
of  1905-06;  and  resides  in  York,  Maine. 

Sinkler,  Wharton,  surgeon,  neurologist,  was  born  Aug.  7,  1868, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Gambier,  Ohio ;  studied 
in  the  South  Carolina  college;  and  subsequently  after  the  civil 
war  graduated  from  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  with  the  de 
gree  of  M.D.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  second  South 
Carolina  cavalry  in  the  confederate  states  army.  Since  1868  he 
has  been  a  practicing  physician  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  is  a  spe 
cialist  in  nervous  diseases.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Phila 
delphia  neurological  society;  and  president  of  the  colony  farm 
for  epileptics  of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
to  text-books,  cyclopedias,  and  medical  journals. 

Sizer,  Edward  Randolph,  postmaster  of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  was 
born  Aug.  25,  1850,  in  Ottawa,  111.  He  graduated  from  the  high 
school  of  Ottawa,  111.  He  has  been  clerk  of  the  district  court  for 
Lancaster  county,  Neb.;  and  chief  clerk  of  customs  at  Havana, 
Cuba.  He  has  been  state  oil  inspector  for  Nebraska;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  postmas 
ter  of  the  city  of  Lincoln  for  the  term  of  1902-06,  and  1906  to 
1910 ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Skaggs,  Andrew  E.,  physician,  poet,  was  born  April  31,  1862, 
in  New  Castle  county,  Del.  He  attended  the  Baltimore  medical 
college,  and  the  Veterinary  Surgeon  college.  He  has  filled  various 
public  positions  of  trust  in  his  native  county;  and  is  a  promi 
nent  physician  of  Townsend.  He  has  contributed  many  poems 
to  the  periodical  press ;  and  is  widely  known  as  the  Poet  of  Dela 
ware. 

Slafter,  Carlos,  educator,  author,  was  born  July  21,  1825,  in 
Thetford,  Vt.  He  received  his  education  at  the  Thetford  acad 
emy,  and  in  1849  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college.  He  taught 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  347 

one  year  in  the  Framingham  academy;  and  for  forty  years,  dur 
ing  1852-92,  was  principal  of  the  Dedham  high  school,  Mass.  In 
1865  he  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  the  episcopal  church; 
and  for  three  years  was  chaplain  of  the  county  prison  at  Ded 
ham.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Compendium  of  English  Grammar, 
several  novels,  and  various  addresses  on  patriotic,  educational 
and  historical  subjects. 

Slemons,  William  F.,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
March  15,  1830,  in  Weakly  county,  Tenn.  He  entered  the  south 
ern  army  in  1861,  and  remained  in  service  until  its  close ;  and  rose 
from  lieutenant  to  brigadier-general,  and  commanded  a  division. 
After  the  war  he  was  district  attorney ;  and  in  1875-81  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth  and 
forty-sixth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

Sloan,  John  Randolph,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Jan.  18, 
1851,  in  Green  county,  Ind.  He  was  educated  at  Champaign,  111. ; 
and  in  1891  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  Kansas 
City  medical  college  of  Missouri.  He  is  a  successful  physician 
and  surgeon  of  Stanley,  Johnson  county,  Kan. ;  and  is  medical 
examiner  for  the  New  York  life  insurance  company  and  for  the 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America.  He  is  a  member  of  several  med 
ical  associations;  and  has  filled  several  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  His  ancestors  were  originally  from  Scotland  and  first  set 
tled  in  Virginia.  In  1818  his  grandfather  purchased  a  large  tract 
of  land  on  Indian  Creek,  Ind. 

Slocum,  William  Frederick,  clergyman,  college  president,  was 
born  July  29,  1851,  in  Crafton,  Mass.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  State  board  of  charities  and  corrections.  Since  1888  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Colorado  college ;  and  is  also  professor  of 
physiology  in  that  institution. 

Smalley,  Bradley  Barlow,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
Nov.  26,  1835,  in  Jericho,  Vt.  In  1861-65  he  was  clerk  of  the 
United  States  circuit  and  district  court  of  Vermont ;  and  in  1861- 
96  was  United  States  commissioner.  In  1885-89  and  1893-97  he 
was  collector  of  customs  for  the  district  of  Vermont.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  Montpelier  and  White  River  railroad  company; 
president  of  the  National  car  company ;  the  Ogdensburg  and  Lake 
Champlain  railroad  company ;  president  of  the  Montreal  Province 
line  railroad  company;  vice-president  of  the  Burlington  trust 
company ;  and  other  companies. 

Smith,  Andrew  Thomas,  principal  Mansfield  state  normal 
school  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1862,  in  Jeffersonville, 
Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  West  Chester  state  normal  school  of 
Pennsylvania ;  attended  the  New  York  university ;  and  was  a  spe 
cial  student  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  He  has  been  prin- 


348  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

cipal  of  the  soldiers'  orphan  school  of  Chester  Springs,  Pa.;  and 
professor  of  padagogy  and  vice-principal  at  the  West  Chester 
state  normal  school  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  now  principal  of  the 
Mansfield  state  normal  school  of  Pennsylvania;  and  resides  in 
Mansfield,  Pa. 

Smith,  Charles,  state  senator  of  Michigan,  was  born  Dec.  24, 
1839,  in  Wayne  county,  Mich.  He  attended  the  Union  school  at 
Ypsilanti  until  1862,  with  the  exception  of  three  months'  service 
as  a  private  in  company  H,  first  regiment  Michigan  infantry.  Since 
1863  he  has  lived  in  Houghton  county,  Mich. ;  and  for  over  thirty 
years  was  in  the  employ  of  copper  smelting  companies.  He  is 
vice-president  of  the  First  National  bank  of  Lake  Linden ;  direc 
tor  of  the  Northern  Michigan  building  and  loan  association  of 
Hancock;  and  chairman  of  the  Miskwabik  development  associa 
tion,  limited,  of  Keweenaw  county.  He  has  served  nineteen  con 
secutive  terms  as  supervisor  of  his  township ;  and  in  1895-96  was 
a  representative  in  the  Michigan  state  legislature.  Since  1899 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  senate  for  the  thirty- 
second  district.  He  is  now  serving  his  seventh  consecutive  term 
in  the  legislature,  the  greatest  number  of  terms  ever  served  by 
any  former  member  being  six;  and  resides  in  Hubbell,  Mich. 

Smith,  David  Eugene,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  21, 
1860,  in  Cortland,  N.Y.  In  1891-98  he  was  professor  of  mathe 
matics  in  the  Michigan  state  normal  school ;  and  in  1898-1901  was 
principal  of  the  New  York  state  normal  school.  Since  1901  he  has 
been  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  teachers'  college  of  Colum 
bia  university  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of 
Modern  Mathematics ;  Teaching  of  Elementary  Mathematics ;  and 
other  works. 

Smith,  Edward  M.,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Feb.  6,  1838, 
in  Alstead,  N.H.  He  was  principal  of  the  graded  school  at  Golds- 
borough,  N.C.,  in  1879-1883,  when  he  became  principal  of  the 
state  colored  normal  school  at  Fayetteville,  N.C.  In  1888  he  was 
appointed  United  States  minister  and  consul-general  to  Liberia, 
Africa.  In  1898-99  he  was  adjutant  of  the  third  North  Carolina 
volunteer  infantry;  and  since  1904  has  been  the  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Sentinel.  Since  1899  he  has  been  principal  of  the  state 
colored  normal  school  of  North  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Fayette 
ville,  N.C. 

Smith,  Edward  Robinson,  librarian,  artist,  was  born  Jan.  3, 
1854,  in  Syria.  He  was  educated  in  the  Phillips  Andover  acad 
emy  ;  attended  the  technical  institute  of  Worcester,  Mass. ;  and  in 
1876  graduated  from  Amherst  college  as  A.B.  He  studied  sculp 
ture  and  painting  in  Boston,  Florence  and  Paris.  He  has  trav 
eled  frequently  in  Europe  to  study  monuments  and  collections  in 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  349 

architecture,  painting  and  sculpture.  He  has  pursued  his  pro 
fession  in  New  York  city  for  several  years.  In  1895  he  was  ap 
pointed  reference  librarian  of  the  Henry  0.  Avery  architectural 
library  at  Columbia  university.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Municipal 
and  several  other  art  societies. 

Smith,  Eugene  Riley,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1851,  in  Fagundus,  Forest  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  Knox 
college  and  at  Westfield  college  of  Illinois;  and  received  the  de 
gree  of  M.S.  from  Western  college,  Iowa.  In  1876  he  grad 
uated  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  Rush  medical  college  of 
Chicago,  111. ;  and  subsequently  took  post-graduate  courses  at  the 
Chicago  medical  school,  Chicago  opthalmic  college,  Chicago  pol 
iclinic,  and  other  institutions.  He  has  been  lecturer  on  phys 
iology  and  hygiene  at  Western  college;  has  attained  promi 
nence  as  an  eminent  physician  and  surgeon  of  Toledo,  Iowa; 
and  is  surgeon  and  director  to  the  Home  Medical  and  Surgical 
infirmary  of  Toledo,  Iowa.  He  has  been  examining  physician- 
surgeon  to  the  forty-ninth  regiment  Iowa  volunteer  infantry; 
surgeon  to  several  railroads  and  insurance  companies;  and 
United  States  examining  surgeon.  He  has  been  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Iowa  central  state  medical  society;  holds 
diplomas  from  a  number  of  institutions;  and  is  a  member 
of  numerous  learned  societies.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  Western  college; 
for  twenty  years  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  United 
Brethren  church  and  twelve  years  of  their  publishing  house  of 
Dayton,  Ohio ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor;  and  resides  in  Toledo,  Ohio. 

Smith,  Frank,  educator,  zoologist,  scientist,  was  born  Feb.  18, 
1857,  in  Winneconne,  Wis.  He  was  educated  at  Hillsdale  college 
and  Harvard  university;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.B. 
and  A.M.  Since  1893  he  has  been  instructor  and  later  associate 
professor  of  zoology  in  the  university  of  Illinois.  He  is  a  fellow 
of  the  American  association  for  the  advancement  of  science ;  and 
has  made  special  researches  in  zoology. 

Smith,  George  Carson,  railroad  president,  capitalist,  was  born 
March  4,  1855,  in  Granville,  N.Y.  In  1877-81  he  was  private  sec 
retary  to  the  governor  of  Michigan ;  and  during  that  time  studied 
law.  In  1894-1900  he  was  president  of  the  Atlanta  and  West  Point 
railroad  and  the  railroad  of  Alabama.  Since  1900  he  has  been 
identified  with  the  Westinghouse  enterprises.  He  is  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Security  investment  company ;  president  of  the  Lacka- 
wanna  and  Wyoming  valley  railroad  company;  president  of  the 
Grand  Rapids,  Grand  Haven  and  Muskegon  railway ;  president  of 


350  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  "Westinghouse  interworks  railway;  and  a  director  in  many 
Westinghouse  and  other  companies. 

Smith,  George  M.,  educator,  author,  was  born  May  30,  1847, 
in  Belgrade,  Maine.  He  was  educated  in  the  grammar  schools; 
and  at  Colby  college  of  Waterville,  Maine.  In  1888-89  he  was  a 
student  at  Giesses,  Germany.  Until  1891  he  was  engaged  in  teach 
ing  in  secondary  schools.  In  1891  he  became  professor  of  Greek ; 
in  1894-1906  was  professor  of  pedagogy;  and  in  1889-1901  was 
professor  of  modern  langauges ;  and  is  now  professor  of  German 
and  the  romance  languages  at  the  university  of  South  Dakota. 
He  is  the  author  of  Vocabulary  to  Caesar,  book  two ;  Outlines  of 
Civics  for  South  Dakota ;  The  State  and  the  Nation ;  History  and 
Civil  Government  of  South  Dakota;  and  Outlines  of  Pedagogy. 
He  is  editor  of  the  South  Dakota  Educator ;  and  among  his  pub 
lished  addresses  is  The  Ethical  Mission  of  the  State  University. 

Smith,  George  P.,  agriculturist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  25, 
1858 ;  and  is  a  son  of  Rufus  Smith.  He  is  a  prominent  citizen  of 
Sutherland,  Mass.;  and  in  1900  was  a  delegate  to  the  farmers' 
national  congress.  In  1898-1901  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  state  board  of  agriculture.  He  is  the  author  of  An  Essay 
on  The  Evolution  of  Farm  Machines  in  Massachusetts  Agricul 
ture. 

Smith,  Harold  Babbitt,  educator,  electrical  engineer,  author, 
was  born  May  23,  1869,  in  Barre,  Mass.  In  1891  he  graduated 
from  Cornell  university  with  the  degree  of  M.E.  In  1892  he  was 
professor  of  electrical  engineering  at  the  Arkansas  state  univer 
sity;  and  in  1893-96  filled  the  same  chair  at  Purdue  university. 
Since  1893  he  has  been  consulting  electrical  engineer;  and  since 
1896  professor  of  electrical  engineering  and  director  of  the  electri 
cal  engineering  department  at  Worcester  polytechnic  institute.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  leading  mechanical  and  electrical  engineering 
societies  of  Europe  and  America.  He  is  the  author  of  about  forty 
Monographs  and  contributions  to  scientific  publications. 

Smith,  Hoke,  governor  of  the  state  of  Georgia,  was  born  Sept. 
2,  1855,  in  Newton,  N.C.  In  1887  he  purchased  the  Atlanta  Jour 
nal.  Much  of  the  credit  for  Cleveland's  victory  in  Georgia  in 
1892  was  attributed  to  the  Atlanta  Journal  and  the  personal  efforts 
of  its  proprietor;  and  in  1893-96  was  secretary  of  the  interior  in 
President  Cleveland's  cabinet.  He  became  one  of  the  most  noted 
lawyers  of  the  south ;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  Since  1907  he  has  been  governor  of  the  state  of  Georgia ; 
and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Smith,  James  Henry  Oliver,  clergyman,  reformer,  was  born 
Dec.  27,  1857,  in  Waynesville,  Ohio.  In  1884  he  graduated  from 
the  Butler  university  as  A.M. ;  and  has  received  the  honorary  de- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  351 

grees  of  D.D.  and  LL.D.  In  1885-88  he  was  state  evangelist  of  the 
Christian  church  of  Indiana;  and  edited  the  Central  Christian. 
In  1888-95  he  was  pastor  of  the  Christian  church  at  Valparaiso, 
Ind. ;  and  later  was  pastor  of  the  Union  church  of  Chicago,  111. 
He  lectured  in  California  and  Texas;  and  was  interested  in  re 
forms  to  benefit  labor.  In  1893  he  was  president  of  the  Christian 
endeavor  union  of  Indiana;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  Christian 
church  of  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Jeanie  Oliver,  author,  poet,  was  born  in  Troy,  N.Y. 
She  was  educated  in  Troy,  N.Y. ;  and  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland. 
She  married  Prof.  Horace  E.  Smith,  dean  of  the  Albany  law 
school,  who  died  in  1902.  She  lived  a  number  of  years  in  Scot 
land;  and  has  contributed  extensively  to  British  and  American 
periodicals.  She  is  a  member  of  the  society  of  American  authors ; 
and  now  resides  in  Johnstown,  N.Y.  She  is  the  author  of  Day 
Lilies,  a  volume  of  poems ;  Mayor  of  Kanemeta ;  Donald  Moncrief ; 
Story  of  Blackie ;  and  various  other  stories  and  poems. 

Smith,  John  Henry,  state  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1848, 
in  Corbunca,  Iowa;  and  is  the  son  of  Apostle  George  A.  Smith, 
who  was  the  first  councillor  to  Brigham  Young.  In  1882  he  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature,  and  in  1895  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention,  of  which  body  he  was  unanimously 
elected  president.  He  has  contributed  a  number  of  valuable 
economic  articles  to  the  periodical  press;  and  resides  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah. 

Smith,  John  Lyman,  farmer,  clergyman,  legislator,  was  born 
Oct.  22,  1855,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  He  was  one  of  the  first  set 
tlers  of  southern  Idaho,  and  served  an  honorable  term  in  the  third 
session  of  the  Idaho  legislature  during  1894-95.  He  was  successful 
in  carrying  through  a  bill  providing  an  appropriation  for  an  east 
ern  portion  of  the  state  normal,  which  is  now  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  in  eastern  Idaho.  He  was  the  means  of  having  an  acad 
emy  in  Oakley;  is  now  superintending  the  building  of  a  taber 
nacle  ;  and  is  an  acting  bishop  in  the  mormon  church. 

Smith,  Joseph  Fielding,  journalist,  clergyman,  legislator,  was 
born  Nov.  13,  1838,  in  Far  West,  Mo.  He  drove  an  ox-team  in  the 
exodus  of  1846,  and  in  1848  drove  an  ox-team  to  Salt  Lake  City 
valley.  In  1854-58  he  was  a  missionary  to  the  Sandwich  islands. 
In  1858-59  he  was  a  sergeant-in-arms  in  the  Utah  legislature.  In 
1860-63,  1874-75  and  1877  he  was  a  missionary  to  Great  Britain, 
and  the  Sandwich  islands.  In  1866  he  was  ordained  an  apostle; 
in  1880-1901  was  second  counselor  in  the  first  presidency  of  the 
church ;  and  since  1900  has  been  president  of  the  church  of  Jesus 
Christ  of  latter-day  saints.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  city 
council  of  Salt  Lake  City ;  and  in  1882  was  a  member  of  the  Utah 


352  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

legislature.  He  is  president  of  Zion's  co-operative  mercantile  in 
stitution;  president  of  the  state  bank  of  Utah;  president  of  Zion's 
savings  bank  and  trust  company;  president  of  the  Utah  sugar 
company ;  and  president  of  the  Consolidated  wagon  and  machine 
company.  He  is  senior  editor  of  the  Juvenile  Instructor ;  an  edi 
tor  of  the  Improvement  Era. 

Smith,  Joseph  Rowe,  soldier,  surgeon,  was  born  April  18,  1831, 
in  Madison  Barracks,  N.Y.  In  1847  he  was  engaged  as  a  civil 
engineer ;  and  in  1851  laid  out  the  territorial  roads  in  Minnesota. 
In  1854-58  he  served  in  the  United  States  army  on  expeditions 
against  hostile  Indians  in  Texas,  and  also  served  on  a  Utah  expe 
dition.  In  1862-63  he  was  acting  surgeon-general  in  the  United 
States  army.  After  the  civil  war  he  served  as  medical  officer  and 
reached  the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1904  he  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  in  the  United  States  army. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Jane  Luella  Dowd,  educator,  author,  poet,  was 
born  June  16,  1847,  in  Sheffield,  Mass.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
she  graduated  from  the  Westfield  normal  school.  After  teaching 
school  for  a  year,  she  entered  the  Ladies '  seminary  of  North  Gran- 
ville,  New  York,  where  she  graduated  valedictorian  of  the  class 
in  1868.  She  attained  success  in  educational  work ;  was  principal 
of  the  South  Hampton  high  school,  Sheffield  high  school,  Stam 
ford  high  school,  and  the  South  Egremont  academy.  In  1875  she 
was  married  to  Dr.  H.  Hadley  Smith,  of  Hudson,  N.Y.  She  is  an 
earnest  temperance  worker,  holding  important  positions  in  the 
Woman's  Christian  temperance  union  and  in  the  Woman's  suf 
frage  reforms.  She  is  the  author  of  three  volumes  of  verse,  en 
titled  Wayside  Leaves;  Wind  Flowers;  Flowers  from  Foreign 
Fields ;  and  Twelve  Talks  Teaching  Temperance. 

Smith,  Merritt  Haviland,  soldier,  civil  engineer,  was  born  May 
21,  1862,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  educated  in  the  military 
schools  and  at  Pennsylvania  military  college.  Since  1906  he  has 
been  in  charge  of  the  south  aqueduct  department  of  the  Catskill 
aqueduct  for  the  New  York  board  of  water  supply.  In  1900-02  he 
was  park  commissioner,  in  1905-06  was  police  court  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  department  of  the  city  of  Yonkers;  and  during  the 
Spanish-American  war  served  as  captain  and  major  in  the  first 
United  States  volunteer  engineers  in  Porto  Rico.  In  1907  he  be 
came  captain  of  first  troop  seventh  regiment  New  York  national 
guard. 

Smith,  Samuel  George,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
March  7,  1852,  in  England.  He  is  a  congregational  clergyman; 
and  since  1888  has  been  pastor  of  the  People's  church  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.  He  graduated  in  1872  from  Cornell  college,  Iowa.  He  has 
been  seven  years  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  corrections  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  353 

charities  of  Minnesota ;  three  years  member  of  the  St.  Paul  board 
of  education ;  and  five  years  president  of  the  associated  charities ; 
besides  occupying  other  public  positions.  He  has  been  for  five 
years  lecturer  in  sociology  in  the  state  university.  He  is  in  con 
stant  demand  as  a  platform  lecturer,  and  has  written  extensively 
for  newspapers  and  magazines.  He  is  the  author  of  For  Eyes 
That  Weep ;  and  Industrial  Conflict. 

Smith,  Samuel  J.,  chaplain  United  States  army,  was  born  Dec. 
13,  1863,  in  London,  England;  and  came  with  his  parents  to  the 
United  States  in  1868.  He  was  educated  in  the  grammar  schools 
of  Amsterdam,  N.Y. ;  attended  the  Lay  college  and  Bible  institute 
of  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  studied  at  the  Sprague  school  of  law  of  De 
troit,  Mich.  In  1900  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Vermont  state 
legislature;  and  was  a  recognized  leader  in  defense  of  the  pro 
hibition  law.  In  his  youth  he  served  in  the  United  States  revenue 
cutter  service ;  and  subsequently  learned  the  knit-goods  business 
in  Amsterdam,  N.Y.  He  has  held  important  positions  in  Virginia 
and  Connecticut ;  and  subsequently  became  pastor  of  the  Halifax 
baptist  church  of  Vermont,  where  he  held  several  town  offices. 
Since  1901  he  has  been  chaplain  with  rank  of  captain  in  the  Uni 
ted  States  army ;  is  now  chaplain  of  the  nineteenth  infantry,  and 
stationed  at  Parang,  P.I.,  and  now  at  Fort  Bliss,  near  El  Paso, 
Texas. 

Smith,  Walter  Inglewood,  United  States  congressman  from 
Iowa,  was  born  July  10,  1862,  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  He  prac 
ticed  law  in  Council  Bluffs.  Iowa.  In  1890-1900  he  was  judge  of 
the  fifteenth  judicial  district  of  Iowa.  In  1901-11  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  Iowa  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses. 

Smith,  Walter  Scott,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  July  20, 
1875,  in  Lineville,  Ala.  He  holds  the  degree  of  doctor  of  civil  law 
from  the  George  Washington  university  of  Washington,  D.C.  In 
1903-07  he  was  a  member  of  the  Alabama  state  senate  for  Clay, 
Cleburne  and  Coosa  counties ;  and  in  1904  was  a  candidate  for 
congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  Alabama;  and  resides  in  Line 
ville,  Ala. 

Smith,  William  Alden,  lawyer,  congressman,  United  States  sen 
ator,  was  born  May  12,  1859,  in  Dowagiac,  Mich.  He  was  appoint 
ed  page  in  the  Michigan  house  of  representatives  in  1879;  and 
was  assistant  secretary  of  the  Michigan  state  senate  in  1882.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  republican  state  central  committee  in  1888, 
1890,  and  1892.  In  1895-1907  he  was  a  representative  from  Michi 
gan  to  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congreses  as  a  republican.  In  1907 


354  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

he  became  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term 
ending  in  1913. 

Smith,  William  Alexander,  banker,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1820,  in 
Pottstown,  Pa.  He  first  entered  the  banking  business  in  1844. 
He  was  president  of  the  New  York  stock  exchange  in  1864-66 ; 
and  was  president  of  same  in  1866-67.  He  was  vice-president  of 
the  Continental  trust  company  of  New  York  city;  and  has  filled 
numerous  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Smith,  William  P.,  president  state  live  stock  commissioners  of 
Illinois,  was  born  Sept.  12,  1859,  in  Monticello,  111.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city.  He  has  been  a  successful  farmer,  real  estate  and  insurance 
agent  and  an  abstractor  of  titles.  For  four  years  he  was  city 
clerk  of  Monticello,  111. ;  and  for  four  years  was  secretary  of  the 
republican  county  central  committee.  For  three  years  he  was 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Inter-States  association  of  live 
stock  sanitary  boards;  and  since  1904  has  been  president  of  the 
state  board  of  live  stock  commissioners  of  Illinois ;  and  resides  in 
Monticello,  111. 

Smyth,  Ellison  Adger,  soldier,  manufacturer,  banker,  was  born 
Oct.  26,  1847,  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was  educated  in  the  South 
Carolina  military  academy.  He  served  in  the  confederate  states 
army  during  the  civil  war.  He  is  president  of  the  Pelzer  manu 
facturing  company,  the  largest  cotton  mills  in  the  world;  presi 
dent  of  the  Chicora  savings  bank ;  president  of  the  Moneynick  oil 
mill ;  president  of  the  Dexter  broom  and  mattress  company ;  pres 
ident  of  the  Belton  cotton  mill;  president  of  the  Ninety-six  cot 
ton  mill  of  South  Carolina;  and  a  director  and  officer  in  many 
other  large  corporations.  He  is  a  member  of  the  United  States 
industrial  commission  of  Washington;  president  of  the  Cotton 
manufacturer's  association  of  South  Carolina;  vice-president  of 
the  National  civic  federation ;  and  vice-president  of  the  American 
Asiatic  society. 

Snowden,  David  Harold,  educator,  clergyman,  lecturer,  author, 
was  born  April  25,  1842,  in  Fairview  C.H.,  W.Va.  He  has  attained 
eminence  as  a  clergyman  of  the  congregational  church ;  has  filled 
pastorates  in  various  cities,  and  now  fills  a  pastorate  in  Nicker- 
son,  Kan.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
F.R.S.,  and  is  a  member  of  many  learned  bodies.  For  many  years 
he  taught  Hebrew  and  Greek;  is  a  brilliant  lecturer;  and  the 
author  of  Is  Man  a  Creation ;  The  Seven  Most  Prominent  of  the 
Twenty-five  Bibles  of  the  World;  God's  Hand  in  American  His 
tory,  and  other  works.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  assistant  sur 
geon-general  of  the  western  department,  with  the  rank  of  colonel 
in  the  regular  army. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  355 

Snyder,  Jonathan  Le  Moyne,  president  Michigan  agricultural 
college,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1859,  in  Butler  county,  Pa.  In  1886  he 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Westminster  college  of 
Pennsylvania,  receiving  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in  1891.  The  uni 
versity  of  Michigan  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in 
1908.  In  1889-96  he  was  principal  of  the  fifth  ward  schools  of 
Allegheny,  Pa.,  adding  the  kindergarten  and  manual  training  de 
partments.  Since  1896  he  has  been  president  of  the  Michigan 
agricultural  college ;  and  resides  in  East  Lansing,  Mich. 

Snyder,  William  Preston,  physician,  state  senator,  statesman, 
was  born  Oct.  7,  1851,  in  Chester  county,  Pa.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  and  in  1873  grad 
uated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  university  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  In  1873-86  he  practiced  medicine  in  Spring  City,  Pa. ;  and 
in  1883-85  was  postmaster  of  that  city.  In  1887-91  he  was  pro- 
thonotary  of  Chester  county ;  and  in  1878  and  in  1882  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  state  conventions.  In  1891  he  was  a  representative  in 
the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature;  and  in  1892-1904  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate ;  was  auditor-general  of  the 
state  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1904-07;  and  resides  in 
Spring  City,  Pa. 

Somerville,  Henderson  Middleton,  United  States  customs  ser 
vice,  was  born  March  23,  1837,  in  Madison  county,  Va.  In  1852- 
56  he  attended  the  university  of  Alabama,  and  subsequently  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  M.  and  A.  and  LL.D.  In  1859  he  graduated 
from  the  law  school  of  Cumberland  university  of  Lebanon,  Tenn. 
In  1859-62  he  was  editor  of  the  Memphis  Appeal ;  and  in  1862-65 
was  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  and  languages  in  the 
university  of  Alabama.  In  1873  he  founded  the  law  school  of  the 
university  of  Alabama;  and  in  1873-90  was  lecturer  of  constitu 
tional  and  common  and  statute  law  in  that  institution.  In  1880- 
90  he  was  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama ;  and 
in  1890-93  he  was  a  member  of  the  Peabody  board  of  trustees. 
He  has  been  trustee  of  the  Alabama  insane  hospital;  in  1876-93 
was  a  member  of  the  state  commission  on  lunacy ;  and  in  1892-93 
was  president  of  the  New  York  medico-legal  society.  Since  1890 
he  has  been  chairman  of  the  board  of  classification  United  States 
customs  appraisers  of  New  York  city. 

Somerville,  William,  superintendent  Illinois  soldiers'  and  sail 
ors'  home,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1837,  in  Holidaysburg,  Pa.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  became 
a  successful  farmer.  From  1865  he  was  employed  in  the  internal 
revenue  service  as  deputy  collector  and  revenue  agent;  and  dur 
ing  the  term  of  President  Arthur  he  served  as  chief  clerk  of  the 
bureau.  He  is  a  prominent  Mason ;  a  member  of  the  Grand  army 


356  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  the  republic ;  and  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  Since  1909 
he  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Illinois  soldiers'  and  sailors' 
home  at  Quincy,  111. 

Soper,  Erastus  Burrows,  soldier,  lawyer,  business  man,  was 
born  Sept.  15,  1841,  in  Pitcher,  N.Y.  During  1857-61  he  attended 
the  Western  college ;  Cornell  college  during  1865-68,  and  subse 
quently  received  from  the  latter  institution  the  degree  of  A.M. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  private,  sergeant,  second  lieu 
tenant,  first  lieutenant,  and  captain  in  the  first  and  twelfth  regi 
ments  Iowa  volunteer  infantry.  He  has  resided  in  Iowa  since 
1847,  and  is  an  able  lawyer  and  business  man  of  Emmetsburg. 
He  has  been  director,  vice-president  and  president  of  a  large 
number  of  banking  and  other  corporations;  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  Iowa  society  sons  of  the  American  revolution ;  is  prominent 
in  fraternal  orders;  and  for  twenty  years  has  been  an  active 
and  influential  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Cornell  col 
lege  ;  and  resides  in  Emmetsburg,  Iowa. 

Soule,  George,  educator,  author,  president  of  Soule's  college, 
was  born  May  14,  1834,  in  Harrington,  N.Y.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Sycamore  academy,  Illinois,  and  the  medical, 
law  and  commercial  schools  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1856  he  estab 
lished  at  Soule's  Commercial  College  and  Literary  institute  of 
New  Orleans,  La.,  which  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the  leading  edu 
cational  institutions  in  the  state.  During  the  fifty-three  years 
the  Soule  college  has  been  in  existence,  over  twenty-three  thou 
sand  pupils  have  been  taught  within  its  walls.  In  1862  he  enter 
ed  the  military  service  of  the  confederate  states  as  captain  of 
Company  A,  Crescent  regiment  Louisiana  volunteers  of  New  Or 
leans,  and  served  through  the  war.  As  a  lecturer  on  commercial 
sciences  and  sociology,  Professor  Soule  is  well  known  to  every 
young  man  in  New  Orleans,  and  to  educators  north  and  south.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  works  on  practical  mathematics  and  ac 
counting.  He  has  been  president  of  the  International  Business 
College  association  and  Business  Educators'  association  of  Amer 
ica  ;  and  is  prominent  in  various  social,  scientific  and  educational 
organizations. 

Southard,  James  Harding,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
January  20,  1851,  in  Lucas  county,  Ohio.  In  1874  he  graduated 
from  Cornell  university ;  and  in  1877  was  admitted  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  assistant  prosecuting  at 
torney  of  Lucas  county ;  and  afterward  was  twice  elected  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  said  county  and  served  in  that  office  six  years. 
In  1895-1909  he  was  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican,  He  has  attained  success  as 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  357 

one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Ohio  at  Toledo,  where  he  is  also 
prominent  in  public  affairs. 

Spargo,  John,  American  socialist,  art  critic,  author,  was  born 
January  31,  1876,  in  Cornwall,  England.  He  was  educated  at 
the  public  elementary  schools;  evening  technical  schools;  and  in 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  universities.  He  studied  for  the  non-con 
formists  ministry  in  England,  but  was  never  ordained.  In  1904- 
1908  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention  of  the  socialist 
party  of  the  United  States,  and  was  chairman  of  the  resolution 
committee  of  both  occasions.  In  1908  he  was  chairman  of  the 
New  York  state  convention  of  the  socialist  party.  He  is  a  direc 
tor  and  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Rand  school  of  social  science 
of  New  York ;  a  director  of  the  West  Chester  society  for  the  pre 
vention  of  cruelty  to  children;  and  a  member  of  many  philan 
thropic  and  learned  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Bitter 
Cry  of  the  Children;  Under-fed  School  Children;  The  Problem 
and  the  Remedy ;  The  Socialists,  Who  They  are  and  What  They 
Stand  For ;  Socialism,  a  Summary  and  Interpretation  of  Socialistic 
Persons ;  Capitalist  and  Laborer ;  Common  Sense  of  Socialism ;  The 
Common  Sense  of  the  Milk  Question ;  Socialistic  Readings  for  Chil 
dren;  The  Spiritual  Significance  of  Modern  Socialism;  The  So 
cialism  of  William  Morris ;  The  Marx  He  Knew ;  The  Substance 
of  Socialism;  and  Karl  Marx,  His  Life  and  Work. 

Spaulding,  Oliver  Lyman,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was 
born  August  2,  1833,  in  Jaffrey,  N.H.  In  1855  he  graduated  from 
Oberlin  college,  of  Ohio.  In  1862  he  entered  the  United  States 
service  as  captain  in  the  twenty-third  regiment  Michigan  infan 
try,  and  was  rapidly  promoted  to  brevet  brigadier-general.  He 
is  a  regent  of  the  University  of  Michigan.  In  1866-72  he  was 
secretary  of  the  state  of  Michigan;  and  in  1881-83  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  forty-seventh  congress.  In  1890- 
1903  he  was  assistant  secretary  of  the  treasury ;  and  in  1896  was  a 
delegate  from  Michigan  to  the  national  republican  convention 
held  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Speel,  John  N.,  pay  director  United  States  Navy,  was  born  July 
30,  1853,  in  Harrisburg,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and 
private  schools  of  Harrisburg  and  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  been 
civil  engineer  to  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  company;  was  engaged 
on  the  North  Dakota  boundary  survey;  and  in  1875  entered  the 
United  States  navy  as  an  assistant  paymaster.  Since  1903  he  has 
held  the  rank  of  paymaster  in  the  United  States  navy ;  and  is  now 
stationed  at  the  navy  yard  of  Brooklyn  as  general  storekeeper. 

Spencer,  Benjamin  Franklin,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born 
September  29,  1852,  in  Lowndes  county,  Ala.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Mississippi  college,  Union  university  of  Murfreesboro, 


358  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Tenn. ;  and  in  1874  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Louisville.  In  1874-76  he  practiced 
his  profession  in  Fulton,  Ky. ;  and  since  that  time  has  practiced 
in  Weston,  Collin  county,  Tex.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  and  North  Texas  Medical  associations;  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Collin  County  Medical  Society.  He  is  medical 
examiner  for  the  Mutual  Life,  Equitable,  New  York  Life,  Pru 
dential,  Fidelity  Mutual,  and  Manhattan  and  Hartford  Life  In 
surance  companies.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  busi 
ness  and  public  affairs  of  his  community ;  and  has  filled  numerous 
positions  of  trust  and  honor;  and  resides  in  Weston,  Tex. 

Spenzer,  John  George,  physician,  chemist,  author,  was  born 
September  6,  1864,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Since  1896  he  has  been 
professor  of  general  and  medical  chemistry  and  pharmacology 
at  the  Cleveland  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Principles  of  Pharmacology,  with  Practical  Exer 
cises. 

Spofford,  Paul  Nelson,  merchant,  business  president,  was  born 
in  New  York  city.  He  received  his  education  in  select  schools. 
He  has  been  director  in  banks,  railroads,  insurances  and  other 
companies.  He  was  president  of  the  Grocer's  steam  sugar  re 
fining  company ;  and  president  of  the  Samama  bay  company.  He 
was  on  the  staff  of  Governors  Youngs  and  Hamilton  Fish,  as  engi- 
neer-in-chief  of  the  state  of  New  York  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general;  and  as  first  engineer,  organized  that  department.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  society  of  colony  wars,  a  member  of  the 
New  York  historical  society;  and  a  member  of  the  American 
association  for  the  advancement  of  science;  and  a  member  of 
the  New  York  chamber  of  commerce. 

Spoonts,  Morris  A.,  lawyer,  jurist,  orator,  was  born  Novem 
ber  9,  1857,  in  Bell  county,  Texas.  He  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  his  native  state;  has  become  one  of  the  foremost 
lawyers  of  Texas;  and  has  a  large  practice  in  Fort  Worth.  He 
has  been  prosecuting  attorney ;  judge  of  his  county ;  president  of 
the  city  council ;  and  filled  various  other  public  positions  of  honor. 
For  many  years  he  has  been  attorney  of  the  Union  Pacific  rail 
way  company,  and  the  Fort  Worth  and  Denver  City  railroad 
company.  He  is  prominent  in  public  affairs  and  in  politics,  and 
has  attained  prominence  as  a  brilliant  orator;  and  resides  in 
Forth  Worth,  Texas. 

Spreckels,  Adolph  Bernard,  manufacturer  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  He  is  vice  president  of  the  J.  D.  Spreckels  and  brothers 
company;  is  vice  president  of  the  Spreckels  sugar  company;  is 
vice  president  of  the  Oceanic  steamship  company ;  is  treasurer  of 
the  Western  sugar  refining  company;  and  secretary  of  the  Call- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  359 

fornia  sugar  refinery.  In  1900  he  was  park  commissioner  of 
San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor. 

Spring,  Leverett  Wilson,  educator,  clergyman,  author,  was 
born  January  5,  1840,  in  Grafton,  Vt.  In  1863  he  graduated 
from  the  Williams  college ;  and  studied  theology  at  the  Hartford 
theological  seminary  and  at  the  Andover  theological  seminary. 
He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  the  Kansas  state  university. 
In  1868-75  he  was  pastor  of  the  Rollstone  congregational  church, 
of  Fitchburg,  Mass. ;  and  in  1876-81  was  pastor  of  the  Plymouth 
Congregational  church  of  Lawrence,  Kans.  In  1881-96  he  was 
professor  of  English  literature  in  the  Kansas  state  university; 
and  since  1886  has  filled  that  chair  in  the  Williams  college.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  historical  society;  and  a  member 
of  the  National  historical  society.  He  is  the  author  of  Mark 
Hopkins;  Teacher;  and  Williams  College  in  History  of  Berk 
shire  County,  Mass. 

Squire,  Watson  Carvosso,  soldier,  lawyer,  financier,  congress 
man,  governor,  United  States  senator,  was  born  May  18,  1838, 
in  Cape  Vincent,  N.Y.  In  1862  he  was  admitted  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio.  In  1862  he  received 
commission  from  the  governor  of  Ohio  to  raise  the  seventh  in 
dependent  company  of  sharpshooters,  of  which  he  was  commis 
sioner  captain.  He  served  with  the  army  of  the  Cumberland, 
and  commanded  the  battalion  of  Ohio  sharpshooters  in  1863.  His 
company  was  selected  by  General  Sherman  as  his  sole  head 
quarters  escort  and  body  guard  in  the  march  to  the  sea.  He  was 
appointed  judge-advocate  of  the  district  of  Tennessee,  on  the 
staff  of  Major-General  Rousseau;  served  on  the  staff  of  General 
Thomas  in  the  battle  of  Nashville;  was  brevetted  major,  lieuten 
ant-colonel,  and  colonel;  and  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
in  August,  1865.  He  was  engaged  in  business  in  the  city  of  New 
York  and  at  Ilion,  N.Y.,  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  Reming 
ton  breech-loading  arms  and  ammunition  for  years;  and  visited 
European  countries  and  Mexico  for  this  purpose.  After  disposing 
of  his  interest  and  this  business  he  became  interested  in  the  terri 
tory,  now  the  state  of  Washington,  where  he  has  engaged  in 
farming  and  other  business  since  the  year  1879.  He  was  gover 
nor  of  the  territory  in  1884-87;  and  was  United  States  senator 
in  1889-97 ;  and  resides  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

Stansel,  Martin  L.,  soldier,  lawyer,  legislator,  jurist,  was  born 
April  23,  1824,  in  Savannah,  Ga.  In  1844  he  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Alabama;  has  been  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  and 
during  1861-65  he  served  as  colonel  of  the  forty-first  regiment 
confederate  states  volunteers.  In  1865  he  served  as  a  member 


360  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  the  Alabama  state  constitutional  convention;  and  for  many 
years  has  served  with  distinction  as  representative  and  state 
senator  of  the  Alabama  state  legislature.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  the  south  at  Carrollton,  Ala. 

Stark,  Charles  B.,  lawyer,  author,  was  born  June  13,  1854,  in 
Springfield,  Tenn. ;  and  is  the  son  of  the  late  Hon.  Joseph  Carter 
Stark,  judge  of  the  judicial  court  of  Tennessee,  in  whose  office 
he  educated  his  nephew,  John  W.  Judd,  associate  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Utah  and  various  other  eminent  jurists.  Chas. 
B.  Stark  has  attained  prominence  in  the  profession  of  law  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  that  city.  He  is  the  author  of  Stark 's  Missouri 
Digest,  in  three  volumes;  and  other  works. 

Starks,  Samuel  W.,  state  librarian  of  West  Virginia,  was  born 
March  11,  1866,  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools;  and  at  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  college 
of  Chicago,  111.  He  has  been  a  clerk  and  telegraph  operator  for 
the  K.  and  M.  and  for  the  T.  and  0.  C.  railways;  has  been  man 
ager  of  the  Capital  City  Mercantile  company;  manager  of  the 
Advocate  Publishing  company ;  and  president  of  the  Pythian  Mu 
tual  investment  association.  In  1901  he  became  state  librarian 
of  West  Virginia  and  resides  in  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Starkweather,  John  L.,  lawyer,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1844,  in  Ro 
meo,  Mich.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  city;  attended  Eastman's  Business 
college  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. ;  and  the  law  department  of  the 
university  of  Michigan.  He  commenced  life  as  a  school  teacher, 
and  all  his  life  has  been  prominently  identified  with  temperance 
movements  and  societies.  He  has  attained  success  as  an  able 
lawyer,  his  specialties  being  patents  and  pensions.  Since  1891 
he  has  been  a  prominent  Forester,and  is  a  member  of  various 
other  fraternal  orders  in  his  native  city. 

Steed,  William  M.,  Saline  county  clerk  of  Arkansas,  was  born 
Nov.  10,  1874,  in  Hurricane,  Saline  county,  Ark.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Benton,  Ark.  ; 
attended  Key's  business  institute  of  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  and 
studied  in  Hendrix  college  of  Conway,  Ark.,  for  six  years  he  was 
a  teacher  in  the  public  schools ;  became  deputy  circuit  clerk ;  and 
for  the  past  four  years  has  been  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Saline 
county,  Ark.  He  is  now  clerk  of  the  several  courts  and  recorder 
for  Saline  county;  and  resides  in  Benton,  Ark. 

Steel,  George  A.,  business  man,  legislator,  was  born  April  22, 
1846,  in  Stafford,  Ohio.  He  is  the  son  of  William  Steel,  a  promi 
nent  abolitionist  of  Ohio,  and  is  a  cousin  of  Hon.  William  E. 
Gladstone.  He  has  been  county  treasurer ;  a  member  of  the  Ore- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  361 

gon  state  senate;  postmaster  of  Portland,  two  terms;  special 
agent  of  the  postoffice  department;  and  has  filled  various  other 
offices  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  widely  and  favorably  known 
throughout  Oregon;  and  is  now  treasurer  of  the  state,  having 
been  elected  by  a  large  majority  in  1906  for  a  term  of  four 
years. 

Steele,  James  E.,  state  senator  of  Idaho,  was  born  June  22, 
1852,  in  Manchester,  England.  He  is  a  successful  farmer,  stock- 
raiser  and  merchant  of  Idaho.  He  was  president  of  the  Idaho 
commission  at  the  St.  Louis  fair;  and  is  now  chairman  of  the 
Lewis  and  Clark  exposition  of  Portland.  He  was  president  of 
the  Farmer's  Progress  Canal  company  of  Cingham  county,  Idaho; 
president  of  Rigby  bank;  president  of  the  lona  Mercantile  com 
pany  ;  and  a  director  in  various  other  corporations.  He  has  been 
mayor  of  the  village  of  lona;  and  deputy  clerk  of  the  seventh 
district  court.  In  1903-05  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Idaho 
state  legislature;  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  state  senate;  and 
resides  in  lona,  Idaho. 

Steele,  0.  B.,  state  treasurer  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Dec.  2, 
1844  in  Henderson,  Ky.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  state ;  and  at  Henderson  academy.  He  is  a  success 
ful  banker  and  planter  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  and  is  vice-president 
of  the  bank  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.  For  two  terms  he  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature ;  for  one  term  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate;  and  in  1884-92  served  two  terms  of  four  years  each  as 
state  auditor  of  Louisiana.  He  is  now  state  treasurer  of  Louisiana 
for  the  term  of  1908-12 ;  and  resides  in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Steere,  Joseph  H.,  state  circuit  judge  of  Michigan,  was  born 
May  19,  1852,  in  Addison,  Mich.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  He  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  practice  of  law  in  the  state  of  Michigan ;  has  filled  va 
rious  positions  of  trust  and  honor  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich. ;  and 
has  contributed  extensively  to  the  legal  lore  of  American  liter 
ature;  for  the  past  twenty-four  years  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
eleventh  judicial  circuit  court  of  Michigan,  and  is  now  serving  his 
term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich. 

Steinhart,  Frank  Maximilian,  soldier,  diplomat,  was  born 
May  12,  1864,  in  Munich,  Germany.  He  read  law  for  four  years 
and  studied  foreign  languages.  In  1882-89  he  served  as  private, 
corporal  and  sergeant  in  the  United  States  army;  and  served  as 
assistant  chief  clerk  under  Generals  Schofleld,  Crook,  Terry, 
Miles,  Ruger,  Merritt  and  Brooke;  and  in  1868  was  appointed 
chief  clerk  of  the  first  army  corps.  He  has  seen  service  in  Porto 


362  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Rico  and  Cuba;  and  in  1903-07  was  American  consul-general  at 
Havana. 

Stephens,  Jefferson  Davis,  colonel  Florida  national  guard, 
was  born  Aug.  1, 1871,,  in  Bascom,  Fla.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  then  for  a  short  time 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business;  and  has  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  practice  of  law.  For  a  while  he  was  engaged  in  farm 
ing;  then  taught  school;  and  besides  attaining  prominence  as 
a  lawyer,  he  is  also  a  clergyman  of  the  Baptist  church.  In  1905 
he  was  a  representative  to  the  Florida  state  legislature ;  and  has 
filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  In  1906 
he  was  a  candidate  for  congress.  Since  1904  he  has  been  colonel 
and  aide-de-camp  on  the  governor's  staff,  Florida  national  guard 
(state  troops) ;  and  resides  in  Marianna,  Fla.  In  1908  he  was 
appointed  private  secretary  to  congressman  D.  H.  Mays. 

Stephens,  Lon  V.,  journalist,  banker,  state  treasurer,  gover 
nor,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1858,  in  Boonville,  Mo.  He  learned  the 
printer's  trade;  was  for  a  time  bank  clerk,  then  telegraph  oper 
ator,  and  finally  president  of  the  Central  National  bank  of  Boon 
ville,  Mo.  Was  state  treasurer  from  1890  to  1897.  In  1897-1901 
he  was  governor  of  Missouri.  Resides  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Stephenson,  William  Worth,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct. 
24,  1857,  in  Madison  county,  N.Y.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  Daughters  college,  Kentucky  university,  and  the 
Bethany  college  of  West  Virginia,  from  which  latter  institution 
he  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.  In  1879-80  he  was  prin 
cipal  of  the  Harrodsburg  academy.  In  1881  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar ;  and  has  given  his  chief  attention  to  the  practice  of  law, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  at  Harrods 
burg.  In  1889  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  state 
legislature;  re-elected  in  1891  and  served  in  the  long  session  of 
1891-93  as  a  member  of  the  judiciary  and  other  committees.  In 
1893  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  and  served  in  the  sessions 
of  1894,  1896  and  1897,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  delibera 
tion  of  those  assemblies.  In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  con 
vention  of  national  democrats  at  Indianapolis;  and  has  always 
taken  a  deep  interest  in  political  affairs ;  and  resides  in  Harrods 
burg,  Ky. 

Sterrett,  James  MacBride,  educator,  author,  was  born  Jan.  13, 
1847,  in  Howard,  Pa.  Since  1892  he  has  been  professor  of  philo 
sophy  in  Columbian  university  of  Washington,  D.C.  Since  1893 
he  has  been  president  of  the  society  for  philosophical  inquiry. 
He  is  the  author  of  Studies  in  Hegel's  Philosophy  of  Religion; 
Reason  and  Authority  in  Religion ;  The  Ethics  of  Hegel ;  and  The 
Freedom  of  Authority. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  363 

Sterrett,  John  Robert  Sitlington,  educator,  author,  was  born 
March  4,  1851,  at  Rockbridge  Baths,  Va.  He  was  a  professor  at 
Amherst  college  in  1892-1901 ;  and  is  now  head  of  the  department 
of  Greek  at  Cornell  university.  He  is  the  author  of  Inscriptions 
of  Assos;  Epigraphical  Journey  in  Asia  Minor;  The  Wolf's  Ex 
pedition  to  Asia  Minor;  and  the  Iliad  of  Homer. 

Stetson,  Thomas  Drew,  patent  expert,  was  born  May  30,  1827, 
in  Kingston,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools;  at 
tended  Pierce  academy;  and  the  Taunton  locomotive  works.  He 
edited  a  free-soil  paper  in  Massachusetts;  and  in  1853  became 
editor  of  Appleton's  Engineer's  Journal.  Since  1855  he  has  been 
a  patent  solicitor  and  mechanical  expert  of  New  York  city.  He 
has  been  president  of  the  polytechnic  branch  of  the  American 
institute ;  and  is  active  m  the  general  society  of  mechanics  and 
tradesmen  and  also  in  the  prohibition  political  work. 

Stetson,  Willis  Kimball,  librarian  Free  public  library  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  was  born  May  8,  1858,  in  Natick,  Mass.  In  1881 
he  graduated  from  the  Wesslyan  university;  and  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution.  Until  1887  he  was  librarian 
of  the  Wesleyan  university  and  Russell  library  of  Middletown, 
Conn.;  and  since  1887  has  been  librarian  of  the  Free  public  li 
brary  of  New  Haven,  oCnn. 

Steward,  Theophilus  Gould,  clergyman,  author,  was  born 
April  17,  1843,  in  Gouldtown,  N.J.  He  is  a  clergyman  of  African 
descent.  He  is  the  author  of  Death,  Hades  and  the  Resurrection ; 
The  End  of  the  World ;  and  Genesis  Reread. 

Stewart,  George  Black,  founder,  theologian,  college  president, 
author,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1854,  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  Since  1899 
he  has  been  president  and  professor  of  practical  theology  in  the 
theological  seminary  of  Auburn,  N.Y.  He  was  the  founder  and 
for  five  years  was  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  chautauqua. 
He  is  the  author  of  the  Life  of  Jesus. 

Stewart,  Gideon  Tabor,  lawyer,  journalist,  prohibitionist,  was 
born  Aug.  7,  1824,  in  Johnstown,  N.Y.  In  1861  he  moved  to 
Iowa,  where  he  edited  and  published  the  Dubuque  Daily  Times 
during  the  civil  war.  He  has  been  elected  three  times  grand 
worthy  chief  Templar  by  the  Good  Templars  of  Iowa,  and  has 
been  their  nominee  three  times  for  governor,  seven  times  for 
supreme  judge,  once  for  congress,  and  onc-3  for  vice-president  of 
the  United  States. 

Stewart,  John,  lawyer,  state  senator,  jurist,  was  born  Nov. 
4,  1839,  in  Shippensburg,  Pa.  In  1864  he  was  a  delegate  to  re 
publican  national  convention;  and  in  1892  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1887  was  elected 
president  judge  of  the  thirty-ninth  judicial  district  of  the  state, 


364  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

was  re-elected  in  1897.  In  1905  was  elected  justice  of  the  supreme 
court,  which  position  he  now  holds.  In  1880-84  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate ;  and  since  1888  has  been  presid 
ing  judge  of  the  thirty-ninth  judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania. 

Stewart,  Thomas  J.,  adjutant-general  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  Sept.  11,  1848,  near  Belfast,  Ireland.  He  served  in  the  civil 
war  as  a  private  in  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-eighth  regiment 
Pennsylvania  volunteers.  In  1890  he  was  department  commander 
for  Pennsylvania  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  and  in  1903  was 
commander  in  chief.  In  1885-86  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Pennsylvania  state  legislature ;  and  since  1868  has  been  connected 
with  the  national  guard  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1886-94  he  was  sec 
retary  of  internal  affairs;  and  since  1894  has  been  adjutant-gen 
eral  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  resides  in  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Stockwell,  Walter  Lincoln,  superintendent  public  instruction 
of  North  Dakota,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1868,  in  Anoka,  Minn.  He 
was  educated  at  the  university  of  Minnesota.  In  1891-1902  he 
was  superintendent  of  schools  of  Grafton,  N.D. ;  and  then  became 
superintendent  of  public  instruction  for  North  Dakota.  In  1902- 
03  he  was  grand  master  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  of  North  Da 
kota;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
Since  1903  he  has  been  superintendent  of  public  instruction  in 
North  Dakota;  and  resides  in  Bismarck,  N.D. 

Stoddard,  Willian  Osborn,  journalist,  inventor,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  24,  1835,  in  Homer,  N.Y.  He  is  a  journalist  and  in 
ventor  whose  writings  have  been  largely  though  not  entirely  for 
juvenile  readers,  and  have  been  very  popular.  He  was  private 
secretary  to  President  Lincoln.  He  is  the  author  of  Little  Smoke ; 
The  Windfall;  Esau  Hardery;  Dab  Kinzer;  Saltillo  Boys; 
Wrecked;  Verses  of  Many  Days;  The  Heart  of  It;  The  White 
Cave,  an  Australian  Story;  The  Red  Mustang;  Two  Arrows; 
Among  the  Lakes;  The  Quartet;  Winter  Fun;  Men  of  Business; 
The  Talking  Leaves;  The  Volcano  Under  the  City;  a  story  of 
the  draft  riots  in  New  York ;  Lives  of  the  Presidents ;  Gid  Grang 
er;  and  Chuck  Purdy. 

Stokes,  Charles  Francis,  surgeon  United  States  navy,  was 
born  Feb.  20,  1863,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Adelphi  academy  and  polytechnic  collegiate  institute  and  Colum 
bia  university  of  New  York  city.  In  1884-85  he  was  house  sur 
geon  at  the  Bellevue  hospital  of  New  York  city ;  in  1885-86  at  the 
Gouverneur  hospital;  and  in  1886-89  was  visiting  surgeon  to  the 
New  York  hospital.  In  1889-1903  he  was  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  navy.  Since  1903  he  has  filled  the  chair  of  military  surgery 
in  the  United  States  medical  school;  and  is  now  connected  with 
the  United  States  naval  hospital  at  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  365 

Stokes,  John  P.,  state  representative  of  Florida,  was  born  Nov. 
30,  1886,  in  Pensacola,  Fla.  He  was  educated  in  the  city  schools ; 
studied  law ;  and  attained  success  at  the  bar.  He  has  been  circuit 
court  commissioner  and  United  States  commissioner;  and  was 
special  council  for  the  United  States  in  the  Jackson  lumber  com 
pany  peonage  cases.  He  is  a  state  representative  in  the  Florida 
legislature  from  Escambia  county  for  the  term  of  1908-11,  has 
been  speaker  pro  tern ;  and  resides  in  Pensacola,  Fla. 

Stone,  Charles  W.,  lawyer,  state  senator,  congressman,  was 
born  June  29,  1843,  in  Groton,  Mass.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  and  graduated  from  Wil 
liams  college.  He  was  appointed  county  superintendent  of  schools 
of  Warren  county,  Pa.,  in  1865;  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  house  of  representatives  in  1870-71 ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  senate  in  1877-78.  He  was  lieutenant-governor 
of  that  state  from  1879  to  1883 ;  and  was  appointed  secretary  of 
the  commonwealth  in  1887.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  con 
gress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second  con 
gress.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  republican; 
and  resides  in  Warren,  Pa. 

Storer,  Francis  Humphreys,  educator,  chemist,  author,  was 
born  March  27,  1832,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  an  eminent  chem 
ist,  formerly  professor  of  agricultural  chemistry  at  Harvard  un 
iversity  and  dean  of  the  Bussey  institute.  He  is  the  author  of  Al 
loys  of  Copper  and  Zinc ;  Manufacture  of  Paraffin  Oils ;  First  Out 
lines  of  a  Dictionary  of  the  Solubilities  of  Chemical  Substances; 
Manual  of  Inorganic  Cheimstry;  Manual  of  Qualitative  Chemical 
Analysis;  and  Agriculture  in  Some  of  its  Relations  with  Chem 
istry. 

Stowell,  Calvin  L.,  underwriter,  financier,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  28,  1845,  in  Ansonia,  Pa.  He  began  his  business  career  in  a 
New  York  banking  instituion ;  and  since  1875  has  been  associated 
with  the  business  and  financial  affairs  of  New  York  city  and 
Rochester,  N.Y.  He  became  connected  as  director,  manager,  vice- 
president  and  president  with  nearly  a  score  of  railway  and  steam 
ship  companies,  banks  and  fire  insurance  companies,  and  other 
corporations.  He  has  always  been  interested  in  science  and  art; 
is  a  member  of  the  American  academy  of  political  and  social  sci 
ence  ;  and  a  member  of  various  scientific  and  literary  societies  in 
the  United  States,  Great  Britain  and  France ;  and  has  an  excellent 
collection  of  works  of  art.  He  is  the  author  of  Christian  Knight 
hood. 

Strange,  Willoughby  Temple,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1860, 
at  Charlottesville,  Va.  He  is  a  son  of  the  confederate  states  gen- 


366  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

eral,  John  Bowie  Strange,  of  Virginia,  who  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Sharpburg  in  1862.  He  received  his  education  at  the 
William  and  Mary  college  of  Williamsburg,  Va. ;  at  the  Richmond 
college ;  and  at  the  University  of  Virginia.  He  is  one  of  the  fore 
most  lawyers  of  Texas.  He  resides  at  Dallas,  Texas. 

Stratton,  George  Oren,  state  representative  of  Vermont,  was 
born  June  4,  1851,  in  Greenwich,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at  the 
district  Union  and  Montpelier  high  school  of  Vermont.  He  is  vice- 
president  of  the  Vermont  Mutual  Fire  insurance  company  of  Mont 
pelier,  Vt. ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  pub 
lic  affairs  of  that  city.  He  has  been  bailiff  and  village  trustee ; 
selectman  of  the  town  of  Montpelier ;  president  of  the  first  board 
of  aldermen  of  the  city  of  Montpelier ;  and  served  with  distinction 
as  second  mayor  of  that  city.  Pie  is  at  present  secretary  of  the 
board  of  shcool  commissioners.  In  1904  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  Vermont  state  legislature ;  and  resides  in  Montpelier,  Vt. 

Streeter,  Frank  Sherwin,  member  republican  national  commit 
tee  for  New  Hampshire,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1853,  in  East  Charles 
ton,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  St.  Johnsbury  academy;  and  grad 
uated  from  Dartmouth  college.  He  soon  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  Concord,  N.H. ;  and  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  In  1885  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  New  Hampshire  state  legislature ;  and  was 
a  member  on  several  important  committees.  In  1896  he  was  a 
member  of  the  republican  national  convention;  since  1893  has 
been  a  trustee  of  Dartmouth  college ;  and  has  filled  various  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  republi 
can  national  committee  for  New  Hampshire  for  the  term  of  1904- 
08 ;  and  resides  in  Concord,  N.H. 

Stringer,  Lawrence  B.,  presiding  judge  Illinois  state  court  of 
claims,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1866,  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Lincoln  college  of  the  James  Millikin  university,  receiving  the 
degree  of  A.B.  in  1887 ;  attended  the  Chicago  college  of  law ;  and 
in  1898  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  Lake  Forest  university. 
He  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law;  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  democratic  party.  In  1890-94  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  house  of  representatives  in  the  thirty-seventh  and 
thirty-eighth  general  assemblies ;  and  in  1900-04  was  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  state  senate.  In  1904  he  was  the  democratic  candi 
date  for  governor  of  Illinois ;  and  in  1909  was  the  democratic  can 
didate  for  United  States  senator  from  Illinois.  Since  1905  he  has 
been  presiding  judge  of  the  Illinois  state  court  of  claims;  is  now 
serving  his  second  term  of  1907-11 ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  111. 

Stromquist,  Charles  J.,  farmer,  legislator,  was  born  Sept.  27, 
1842,  in  Sweden.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1867,  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  367 

is  now  a  successful  farmer  and  stock-raiser  of  Fremont,  Kan.  He 
has  been  assessor,  justice  of  the  peace,  county  commissioner,  and 
served  with  distinction  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature  for  two 
terms,  during  1893-95,  declining  to  be  a  candidate  for  a  third  term. 
He  was  the  originator  of  the  Swedish-American  Insurance  com 
pany  of  Kansas,  and  was  its  president  for  ten  years.  Since  1880 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  Bethany  college 
of  Lindsborg ;  and  resides  in  McPherson,  Kan. 

Sturges,  W.  S.,  member  Arizona  Territory  republican  national 
committee,  was  born  March  3,  1856,  at  Dungan's  Falls,  Ohio.  He 
is  a  miner  and  proprietor  of  a  cattle  ranch ;  and  has  been  chairman 
of  the  Live  Stock  Sanitary  board  of  Arizona.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Arizona  Territory  republican  national  committee  for  the 
term  of  1904-08;  and  resides  in  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Sturgis,  Russell,  architect,  author,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1836,  in 
Baltimore  county,  Md.  He  is  an  architect  of  New  York  city;  a 
valued  authority  upon  art,  architecture,  and  archaeology ;  and  was 
decorature  art  editor  of  the  Century  Dictionary.  He  is  the  author 
of  European  Architecture ;  a  Historical  Study ;  Annotated  Biblio 
graphy  of  Fine  Art ;  and  Dictionary  of  Architecture. 

Sullivan,  Alexander,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1847,  in  Water- 
ville,  Maine.  In  1883  he  was  chosen  first  president  of  the  Irish 
National  league  of  America,  whose  object  is  to  promote  home 
rule  in  Ireland.  This  place  he  resigned  in  1884,  and  now  de 
votes  his  entire  time  to  his  profession  of  law  in  Chicago,  111. 

Sullivan,  Isaac  N.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Idaho,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1848,  in  Iowa.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Adrian  college  of  Michigan.  For  many 
years  he  practiced  law  in  Iowa  and  at  Hailey,  Idaho  and  attained 
prominence  at  the  bar.  In  1890  he  was  elected  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Idaho ;  was  re-elected  in  1892,  1898,  1904 
and  1908;  was  three  times  chief  justice;  and  is  now  serving  his 
term  ending  in  1912.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  re- 
publcan  party,  and  resided  in  Hailey,  Idaho. 

Sulloway,  Cyrus  Adams,  United  States  congressman  from  New 
Hampshire,  was  born  June  8,  1839,  in  Grafton,  N.H.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  house  of  representatives  in  1872- 
73  and  1887-93.  In  1895-1911  he  was  a  representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a 
republican. 

Summers,  Williamson  Shaw,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
Oct.  18,  1862,  in  Adams  couilty,  Ohio.  He  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  LaSalle  county,  Illinois. 
He  attended  Cornell  college  from  which  institution  he  was  grad- 


368  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

uated  in  1882.  After  graduating  from  Iowa  state  college  he  en 
tered  the  university  of  Michigan  where  he  did  special  work  in  the 
schools  of  philosophy  and  law.  He  was  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan  in  1885.  In  1886  he  went  to  Nebraska  and 
entered  into  the  practice  of  the  law.  He  has  been  active  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  all  times  since  he  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Nebraska.  From  1891  to  1895  he  was  in  the  attorney 
general's  office  at  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  From  1898  to  1904  he  was 
the  United  States  attorney  for  Nebraska.  From  1893  to  1899  he 
was  one  of  the  professors  in  the  law  department  of  the  university 
of  Nebraska.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the  general  practice  of  the 
law  at  Omaha,  Nebraska  and  is  identified  with  the  business  and 
political  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state. 

Sutro,  Theodore,  lawryer,  author,  was  born  March  14,  1845, 
in  Prussia.  In  1875  he  was  employed  as  attorney  for  the  Sutro 
tunnel  company  of  Nevada.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Sutro  Tun 
nel  Company  and  the  Sutro  Tunnel. 

Sutton,  William  Henry,  lawyer,  legislator,  orator,  was  born 
Sept.  11,  1835,  in  Haddonfield,  N.J.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Dickinson  college  of  Carlisle,  Pa. ;  the  Wesleyan  university 
of  Middletown,  Conn.,  and  the  Albany  law  school;  and  has  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  A.M.,  LL.D.  and  D.C.L.  He  has  been  school 
director  and  a  state  senator  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature ;  and 
was  instrumental  in  introducing  and  passing  many  improvements 
in  statutory  law.  He  has  declined  nominations  for  judge  of  court 
of  common  pleas  and  for  congress,  preferring  the  practice  of  law, 
in  which  he  has  been  eminently  successful,  both  in  criminal  and 
comomn  law.  He  is  a  ready  speaker  at  conventions,  banquets, 
ocean  entertainments,  but  as  a  brilliant  and  eloquent  lawyer  of 
Philadelphia  he  is  most  distinguished;  and  resides  in  Brightone, 
Haverford,  a  beautiful  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Swett,  John,  educator,  viticulturist,  author,  was  born  July  31, 
1830,  in  Pittsfield,  N.H.  He  was  educated  at  Pittsfield  academy, 
at  Pembroke  academy,  and  Merrimack  normal  institute ;  and  has 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  He  was  a  teacher  of  common  schools 
in  New  Hampshire  and  Massachusetts ;  and  principal  of  the  gram 
mar  school  of  San  Francisco  in  1853-62.  In  1863-68  he  was  state 
school  superintendent  of  schools  of  California.  In  1870-73  he  was 
deputy  superintendent  of  schools  of  San  Francisco ;  was  princi 
pal  of  the  girl's  high  and  normal  schools  in  1876-89;  and  city  su 
perintendent  of  schools  of  San  Francisco  in  1890-95.  Since  that 
time  he  has  been  a  successful  viticulturist  of  Martinez,  Cal.  In 
1864-68  he  was  also  editor-in-chief  of  the  California  state  educa 
tional  journal.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  the  Public  School. 
System  of  California ;  American  Public  Schools ;  School  Elocution, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  369 

Normal  Word  Book ;  Common  School  Beading ;  and  joint  author 
with  William  Swinton  of  numerous  school  text-books. 

Swetting,  Ernest  Volney,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Aug.  1, 
1858,  in  Berlin,  Wis.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  graduated  from  the  high  school  of 
Berlin,  Wis. ;  was  engaged  in  educational  work  for  a  number  of 
years ;  and  is  now  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Iowa  of  Algona. 
He  has  been  a  director  of  the  First  national  bank  of  that  city. 

Swink,  George  W.,  farmer,  state  senator,  was  born  June  1, 
1836,  in  Breckinridge  county,  Ky.  During  1875-84  he  was  post 
master  at  Rocky  Ford,  Col.;  was  elected  to  the  Colorado  state 
senate  in  1892,  and  received  the  re-election  in  1896.  He  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  organization  of  several  irrigating 
companies  and  helped  to  build  several  large  canals  in  the  in 
terests  of  his  county ;  and  resides  in  Rocky  Ford,  Col. 

Symmes,  Frank  Jameson,  merchant,  banker,  naval  officer,  was 
born  June  7,  1847,  in  Kingston,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  city;  in  1860-64  at  Partridge  academy 
of  Duxbury,  Mass.;  in  1864-66  was  a  student  in  the  Lawrence 
scientific  school  of  Hartford  university  where  he  received  the 
degree  of  S.B. ;  and  attended  the  United  States  naval  academy, 
ron ;  and  in  1870-71  saw  service  on  the  Pensacola,  Saginaw,  Resaca 
In  1868-69  he  served  on  the  Dacotah  in  the  south  Pacific  squad- 
and  Saranac.  In  1871  he  resigned  from  the  United  States  navy 
as  second  assistant  engineer.  In  1871-76  was  a  salesman;  in 
1883-1903  was  president  and  since  then  has  been  vice-president 
of  Thomas  Day  company  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  In  1903-07  he 
was  president  of  the  central  trust  company  of  California;  and 
since  1902  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Pacific  meter  company.  He 
is  a  director  of  Spring  valley  water  company  and  a  member  of 
several  clubs  and  societies. 

Symonds,  Joseph  White,  lawyer,  orator,  author,  jurist,  was 
born  in  September,  1841,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  has  been  city 
solicitor,  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Portland,  Maine;  and 
in  1874-84  was  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  an  oration. 

Talcott,  Thad  M.,  lawyer,  legislator,  state  senator,  was  born 
Oct.  18,  1875,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  received  a  thorough  educa 
tion;  and  graduated  from  Yale  university,  Cornell  university 
and  the  Northwestern  university.  He  has  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  South  Bend,  Ind.  In  1903-05  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Indiana  state  house  of  representatives;  and  is  now 
serving  with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  senate. 
In  senate  1905  to  1908;  1908  appointed  United  States  commis 
sioner  for  district  of  Indiana;  in  1909  appointed  delegate  to 


370  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

National  democratic   congress  at  Denver;   and  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  National  uniform  law  commission  by  Gov.  Hanly. 

Tannatt,  E.  Tappan,  professor  Montana  state  college,  was 
born  Sept.  16,  1864,  in  Manchester,  Mass.  He  was  educated  at 
the  university  of  Illinois  and  at  the  Washington  state  college.  He 
is  a  civil  and  electrical  engineer;  and  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
second  regiment  United  States  volunteer  engineers.  He  was  in 
charge  of  the  civil  engineering  department  of  the  Waialua  agri 
cultural  company  of  Hawaii;  managing  engineer  of  the  Oahu 
college  trustees  of  Honolulu;  chief  engineer  of  the  Big  Bend 
water  power  company  of  Spokane,  Wash,  and  chief  engineer  of 
the  eastern  Washington  construction  company  of  Spokane,  Wash. 
He  is  now  in  charge  of  the  civil  engineering  department  at  Mon 
tana  state  college ;  and  rural  engineer  of  the  Montana  agricultural 
eperiment  station ;  and  resides  in  Bozeman,  Montana. 

Tatem,  Henry  R.,  state  representative  of  New  Jersey,  was  born 
Dec.  20,  18 —  in  Collingswood,  N.J.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  his  native  state;  attended  Friends  high  school;  at 
tended  Fern  Smith's  academy  for  boys  and  young  men  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  studied  pharmacy  and  engaged  in  same  for  five 
years,  but  left  that  profession  on  account  of  ill  health;  and  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  Collingswood,  serving  under  the  McKin- 
ley  and  Roosevelt  administrations.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the 
real  estate  and  insurance  business ;  and  is  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  republican  party ;  for  twelve  years  represented  the  borough 
of  Collingswood  in  the  republican  county  committee ;  was  the  first 
mayor  of  the  borough  of  Collingswood,  receiving  the  election  with 
out  opposition.  He  is  president  of  the  Collingswood  national  bank 
of  New  Jersey,  an  institution  with  resources  of  over  a  quarter  of 
a  million  dollars.  He  is  a  state  representative  in  the  New  Jersey 
legislature;  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1910-11;  and  re 
sides  in  Collingswood,  N.J. 

Taylor,  Alexander,  H.  M.,  soldier,  was  born  March  7,  1840,  in 
Manchester,  England.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  academies  of  Lansingburg  and  Troy,  N.Y.  In  1861  he  was 
recruiting  officer  of  New  York  city ;  and  second  lieutenant  in  com 
pany  F  of  the  president's  life  guard.  He  served  as  private  of 
company  B  ninth  regiment  New  York  state  militia;  and  became 
sergeant  in  the  United  States  army  in  1862.  In  1886  he  attained 
the  rank  of  second  lieutenant  seventeenth  regiment  United  States 
infantry;  and  during  a  long  term  of  service  he  has  officially  re 
ceived  the  high  commendation  of  record  at  the  war  department. 
In  1892  he  was  appointed  captain  of  the  nineteenth  regiment 
United  States  infantry ;  and  in  1894  retired  from  active  service. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  371 

Taylor,  George  Washington,  United  States  congressman  from 
Alabama,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1849,  in  Montgomery  county,  Ala. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company  D,  first  regiment  South 
Carolina  cavalry,  and  served  as  a  courier  till  the  end  of  the 
war.  He  was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  general  assembly 
of  Alabama  in  1878 ;  and  served  one  term  as  a  member  from 
Choctaw  county;  and  1880  he  was  elected  state  solicitor  for  the 
first  judicial  circuit  of  Alabama.  He  was  re-elected  in  1886.  In 
1897-1911  he  was  a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the  fifty- 
fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh  and  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth, 
sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 

Taylor,  Robert,  stockman,  state  senator,  was  born  in  1846, 
in  Berwickshire,  Scotland.  In  1886  he  went  to  Pennsylvania; 
and  the  following  spring  moved  to  California  by  the  Nicaragua 
route.  In  1880  he  trailed  sheep  from  California  to  Wyoming; 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  business;  and  owns  a  breeding 
and  feeding  farm  of  nine  thousand  acres  in  Wyoming.  He  has 
served  two  terms  in  the  legislature  of  Wyoming  as  state  sena 
tor  from  Natrona  county. 

Taylor,  Robert  Stewart,  lawyer,  jurist,  state  legislator,  au 
thor,  was  born  May  22,  1838,  in  Ross  county,  Ohio.  He  has  at 
tained  success  at  the  bar  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. ;  has  served  with 
distinction  as  a  member  of  the  Indiana  state  legislature;  and 
also  served  one  term  on  the  bench.  In  1881  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Mississippi  river  commission  by  President  G-ar- 
field  to  succeed  Benjamin  Harrison.  He  is  regarded  as  an  au 
thority  on  Mississippi  river  questions;  and  has  published  many 
addresses  and  papers  on  that  subject.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
monetary  commission  appointed  under  the  auspices  of  the  In 
dianapolis  convention  of  1897;  and  during  1873-96  has  pub 
lished  discussions  of  the  money  question  covering  all  its  va 
rious  phases;  and  resides  in  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

Taylor,  William  Wallace,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Sept. 
13,  1871,  in  Charlottestown,  Canada.  He  has  attained  success  in 
his  profession  in  New  York  city;  and  is  surgeon  to  the  insular 
transatlantic  steam  navigation  company.  He  is  a  tutor  in  the 
New  York  polyclinic ;  and  attending  gyneacologist  in  the  out 
door  department  of  Bellevue  hospital  of  New  York  city. 

Teller,  Henry  Moore,  United  States  senator  from  Colorado, 
was  born  May  23,  1830,  in  Granger,  N.Y.  He  moved  to  Illinois 
in  1858,  and  from  there  to  Colorado  in  1861.  He  never  held  office 
until  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  on  the  admis 
sion  of  Colorado  as  a  state,  and  took  his  seat  in  1876 ;  and  was 
reelected  in  1876.  In  1882-85  he  was  secretary  of  the  interior. 
In  1875-83  and  since  1885  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Unitecl 


372  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

States  senate,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1903-09;  and  re 
sides  in  Central  City,  Col. 

Temple,  Edward  Lowe,  banker,  lecturer,  author,  was  born 
May  12,  1844,  in  Fort  Winnebago,  Wis.  Since  1883  he  has  been 
manager  of  the  Marble  Savings  bank  of  Rutland,  Vt.,  and  city 
superintendent  of  schools.  In  1893  he  published  a  volume  en 
titled  The  Church  in  the  Prayer  Book ;  Shakespeare ;  the  Man 
and  his  Art;  The  Testimony  of  the  Scriptures;  and  Old  World 
Memories. 

Terres,  John  B.,  United  States  consul,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1847, 
in  Charlotte,  N.C.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the  pri 
vate  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  in  1866  graduated  from 
the  Richmond  medical  college  with  the  degree  of  M.D.  He  at 
tained  success  in  his  profession  in  the  state  of  New  York;  and 
has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  In  1882-1904  he 
was  United  States  vice-consul-general ;  and  in  1904  was  appointed 
American  consul  from  the  state  of  New  York.  Since  1882  he 
has  been  in  the  United  States  consular  service;  and  is  now 
United  States  consul  to  Port  au  Prince,  Haiti. 

Terry,  Charles  Thaddeus,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept. 
6,  1867,  in  Albany,  N.Y.  Since  1902  he  has  been  professor  of  law 
in  Columbia  law  school.  In  1905  he  was  commissioner  for  the 
state  of  New  York  to  the  national  convention  of  commissioners 
of  the  states  of  the  union  on  union  state  laws. 

Thach,  Charles  Coleman,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
in  1860  in  Athens,  Ala.  In  1877  he  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  B.E.  from  the  Alabama  polytechnic  institute ;  in  1880-81  was  a 
student  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  university  of  Baltimore,  Md. ;  and 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  and  LL.D.  from  the  university  of 
Alabama.  Since  1885  he  has  been  professor  of  English  and  since 
1902  has  been  president  of  the  Alabama  polytechnic  institute  of 
Auburn,  Ala.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Alabama  text-book  com 
mission  ;  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Alabama  Rhodes  scholarship 
commission. 

Thiry,  John  Henry,  merchant,  founder,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
30,  1822,  in  Belgium.  Until  1874  he  was  in  the  book  business  in 
New  York  city.  Since  1883  he  has  been  a  school  commissioner; 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  local  school  board  of  district  forty- 
one  Queens  county,  N.Y.  He  is  the  founder  of  the  school  savings 
bank  of  America,  in  which  fifteen  million  dollars  have  been 
saved  by  the  young  people  of  America.  He  is  the  author  of  Early 
Schools  in  Long  Island;  and  numerous  educational  Monographs. 

Thomas.  Earl  D.,  colonel  of  cavalry  United  States  army,  was 
born  Jan.  4,  1847,  in  McHenry,  111.  In  1857-61  he  attended  Todds 
academy  of  Woodstock,  111.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  eighth 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  373 

regiment  Illinois  volunteer  cavalry ;  and  served  through  the  civil 
war,  participating  in  all  the  campaign  of  the  army  of  the  Poto 
mac  in  1862-65  in  the  cavalry  corps  of  that  army.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  years  he  was  appointed  sergeant-major  of  the  regiment; 
and  in  1865  was  discharged  from  the  volunteer  service  of  the 
United  States  army  to  accept  an  appointment  as  cadet  at  the 
United  States  military  academy.  In  1870-71  he  participated  in 
the  Indian  campaigns  in  the  fifth  United  States  cavalry;  and  in 
1872  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant.  In  1875-78  he  was  aide- 
de-camp  to  General  Kautz;  in  1878-80  served  in  Wyoming  and 
Nebraska;  and  in  1880-83  he  served  at  different  military  posts 
until  promoted  to  grade  of  captain  of  cavalry  in  1885.  He  was 
present  at  the  opening  of  Oklahoma  in  1889;  and  at  the  open 
ing  of  the  Cheyenne  and  Arapahoe  reservation  in  1891.  In  1898 
he  was  appointed  major  and  inspector-general  of  volunteers  at 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Spanish- American  war;  was  promoted  to 
major  of  cavalry  in  1899 ;  and  in  1900-01  was  judge  of  the  Puerto 
Rican  provincial  court.  In  1903  he  was  in  command  of  the  thir 
teenth  cavalry  to  the  Philippine  islands;  he  has  participated  in 
various  Indian  wars  and  campaigns;  and  served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  Spanish-American  war  in  the  Philippines  and;  Porto 
Eico. 

Thomas,  John  R.,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman  and  judge,  was 
born  Oct.  11,  1846,  at  Mount  Vernon,  111.  He  received  a  thorough 
education.  He  served  in  the  union  army  during  the  civil  war, 
rising  from  the  rank  of  private  to  that  of  captain.  He  was  state 's 
attorney  from  1872  to  1876;  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Illinois  during  the  46th,  47th,  48th,  49th  and  50th  congresses, 
as  a  republican.  Was  judge  of  the  United  States  courts  in  Indian 
territory,  including  the  United  States  court  of  appeals,  for  four 
years ;  was  a  member  and  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  of 
the  Sequoyah  constitutional  convention;  was  elected  member  of 
congress  from  the  proposed  state  of  Sequoyah ;  was  unanimously 
nominated  by  the  state  republican  convention  for  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Oklahoma,  but  declined  the  nomination.  Is 
now,  (1909),  a  member  of  the  code  commission  of  the  state  of 
Oklahoma.  Was  grand  master  of  the  Masonic  grand  lodge  of 
Illinois,  and  is  a  32d  degree  Mason,  residence,  Muskogee,  Okla 
homa. 

Thomas,  M.  Carey,  educator,  college  president,  was  born  Jan. 
2,  1857,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  She  was  the  first  woman  to  receive 
the  highest  degree  given  by  the  university  of  Zurich.  In  1885- 
94  she  was  dean  of  the  faculty  of  Bryn  Mawr  college;  and  pro 
fessor  of  English;  and  since  1894  has  been  president  of  that 
institution.  In  1895-99  she  served  as  a  trustee  of  Cornell  uni- 


3?4  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

versity.  She  is  a  noted  writer  and  speaker  on  subjects  affecting 
the  higher  education  of  women. 

Thompson,  Andrew  Anderson,  banker,  legislator,  was  born 
Oct.  25,  1880,  in  Uniontown,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city;  and  in  1902  graduated  from  Wash 
ington  and  Jefferson  college.  Since  1902  he  has  been  connected 
with  the  First  National  bank  of  Uniontown,  Pa.;  and  is  also 
engaged  as  a  coal  operator.  Since  1901  he  has  been  a  repre 
sentative  from  Fayette  county  in  the  Pennslyvania  state  legis 
lature;  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term.  He  is  the  youngest 
member  in  the  Pennsylvania  house  of  representatives;  and  is 
the  youngest  representative  ever  elected  to  fill  that  position ;  and 
resides  in  Uniontown,  Pa. 

Thompson,  John  Gilbert,  educator,  was  born  June  23,  1862, 
in  New  Bedford,  Mass.  In  1886  he  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
college,  and  has  since  attained  eminence  as  a  successful  edu 
cator.  He  has  been  superintendent  of  schools,  and  is  now  prin 
cipal  of  the  State  Normal  school  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

Thomson,  John,  librarian,  author,  was  born  in  England.  For 
eight  years  he  was  private  librarian  to  Clarence  H.  Clark  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  for  nearly  three  years  was  private  lib 
rarian  for  Jay  Gould  of  Irving-on-Hudson  N.Y.  Since  its  open 
ing  in  1894  he  has  been  librarian  of  the  Free  library  of  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Discritive  Catalogue  of  Library 
of  C.  H.  Clark,  in  two  volumes;  Catalogue  of  Irving  Library  of 
Jay  Gould  and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Works  of  Sir  Wal 
ter  Scott  for  the  Free  Library.  He  is  also  the  author  of  Eight 
Annual  Reports  of  the  Free  Library  and  other  works. 

Thorington,  William  Sewell,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  July  30, 
1847,  in  Montgomery,  Ala.  In  1867  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
has  been  city  attorney  of  Montgomery  and  judge  advocate-general 
for  four  years.  He  has  been  judge  of  the  city  court  of  Mont 
gomery  (law  and  equity  court) ;  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Alabama  (appellate  court),  and  declined  re-elec 
tion  in  1892.  He  was  appointed  trustee  of  the  State  university 
of  Alabama  to  succeed  Hon.  H.  A.  Herbert,  and  filled  that  po 
sition  for  about  eight  years.  During  1864-65  he  was  in  the  con 
federate  service  with  the  Alabama  corps  of  cadets,  of  which  he 
was  adjutant  in  1865.  This  able  lawyer  and  jurist  has  always 
been  a  resident  in  the  place  of  his  nativity.  He  was  the  author  of 
several  works.  In  1897  he  was  elected  dean  of  the  law  faculty 
in  the  university  of  Alabama. 

Thorp,  Abner,  physician,  manufacturer,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
2,  1840,  in  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  In  his  infancy  he  was  taken 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  he  there  graduated  from  Woodward  high 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  375 

school ;  and  was  the  valedictorian  of  his  class.  He  served  in  the 
medical  corps  during  the  civil  war  of  1861-65.  For  twenty-five 
years  he  was  a  member  of  a  large  pharmaceutical  manufacturing 
business  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  and  for  the  past  twelve  years  has 
been  practicing  medicine.  He  has  been  an  extensive  traveler. 
He  is  the  author  of  A  Child  of  Nature ;  Effe  's  Conquest ;  and  has 
contributed  valuable  articles  to  medical  and  current  literature. 

Throop,  Benjamin  H.,  physician  surgeon,  was  born  Nov.  9, 
1811,  in  Oxford,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  Oxford  academy; 
and  at  the  Fairfield  medical  college.  In  1832  he  began  the  prac 
tice  of  medicine  at  Honesdale,  Pa.  For  one  year  he  practiced 
in  Oswego,  N.Y. ;  and  then  moved  to  New  York  city,  practicing 
there  until  1840;  when  he  moved  to  Scranton,  Pa.  He  was  a 
dealer  in  coal  lands;  and  assisted  in  organizing  several  mining 
companies.  In  1854  he  obtained  a  charter  from  the  state  legis 
lature  for  a  gas  and  water  company;  and  also  for  the  Lacka- 
wanna  hospital.  He  was  extensively  engaged  in  real  estate  opera 
tions  and  in  the  lumbering  business.  In  1877  he  became  president 
of  the  Scranton  city  bank.  He  served  as  surgeon  in  the  civil 
war;  and  established  a  field  hospital.  He  presented  a  medical 
library  to  the  Lackawanna  medical  society. 

Thruston,  Gates  Phillips,  soldier,  lawyer,  author,  was  born 
June  11,  1835,  in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  captain  of  first  regi 
ment  Ohio  infantry  in  1861;  was  promoted  major  and  assistant 
adjutant-general  in  1862,  and  was  brevetted  colonel  and  briga 
dier-general  of  volunteers  for  conspicuous  gallantry  at  Murfrees- 
boro  and  Chickamauga.  Since  the  war  he  has  followed  his  pro 
fession  at  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  is  president  of  the  State  Insurance 
company;  and  is  vice-president  of  Tennessee  historical  society. 
He  is  the  author  of  Antiquities  of  Tennessee ;  and  other  scientific 
and  historical  works;  and  resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Thurston,  John  Mellen,  lawyer,  state  legislator,  United  States 
senator,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1847,  in  Montpelier,  Vt.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Omaha  city  council  in  1872 ;  city  attorney 
of  Omaha  in  1874,  and  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  legislature  in 
1875.  He  was  president  of  the  republican  league  of  the  United 
States  in  1889  to  1891.  In  1877  he  became  assistant  attorney  of 
the  Union  Pacific  railway  ocmpany,  and  in  1888  was  appointed 
general  solicitor  of  the  Union  Pacific  system,  and  held  that  po 
sition  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  senate.  In  1895  he  was 
tendered  in  writing  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  entire  republican 
membership  in  the  legislature,  and  was  elected  for  the  term 
commencing  March  4,  1895.  His  term  of  office  expired  March 
3,  1901.  He  was  permanent  chairman  of  the  republican  national 
convention  of  1896  which  nominated  President  McKinley.  He  is 


376  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

a  constant  contributor  to  current  publications;  and  an  able 
orator;  and  resides  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

Thweatt,  Hiram  H.,  an  educator,  was  born  June  11,  1864,  at 
Tuskegee,  Ala.  He  was  educated  at  the  Tuskegee  Institute,  being 
a  member  of  the  first  graduating  class  turned  out  by  that  famous 
institution,  1885.  After  teaching  in  the  different  counties  of 
Alabama,  he  became  principal  of  Christiansburg  institute,,  Cam 
bria,  Va.,  1893-96,  where  he  did  creditable  work,  voluntarily  re 
signing  to  work  in  the  milder  climate  of  Georgia  where  in  1896  he 
was  elected  principal  of  the  Clay  street  high  school,  Thomasville, 
Ga.,  a  position  he  still  holds.  He  is  also  a  noted  musician,  being  a 
splendid  vocalist,  and  teacher  of  the  cornet,  piano,  mandolin, 
violin,  and  guitar.  He  was  president  of  the  State  teachers'  asso 
ciation  1904-06  and  at  the  same  time  was  vice-president  for 
Georgia  of  the  National  teachers'  association  of  negro  schools,  as 
well  as  an  active  member  of  the  N.  E.  A. 

Tibbals,  Williams  Huntington,  educator,  mining  operator,  was 
born  Dec.  22,  1848,  in  Union,  N.J.  In  1875  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.  from  Oberlin  college ;  in  1879  received  the  degree 
of  A.M.  from  that  institution.  He  subsequently  received  the  de 
gree  of  Ph.D.  from  Gale  college  of  Wisconsin  for  special  work  in 
philosophy.  For  many  years  he  was  at  the  head  of  city  schools  in 
Ohio,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin.  For  six  years  he  was  professor  of 
philosophy  and  literature  in  Park  college ;  and  for  three  filled  the 
same  chair  at  Salt  Lake  college.  He  is  now  conducting  extensive 
mining  operations.  In  1897-98  he  was  president  of  the  Utah 
state  Christian  endeavor  union.  He  has  written  extensively  in 
literary  and  educational  magazines. 

Tibbets,  Addison  S.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1850,  in 
Belfast,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the  Friendship  academy  of 
New  York ;  at  the  Genesee  Valley  seminary  of  Belfast,  N.Y. ;  and 
at  the  Cornell  university  of  Ithaca,  N.Y.  He  has  attained  success 
as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  west  at  Lincoln,  Neb. ;  and 
in  1891-96  was  judge  of  district  court  of  the  third  judicial  district 
of  Nebraska.  In  1900  he  was  a  delegate-at-large  for  Nebraska  to 
the  democratic  national  convention  held  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Tilford,  Frank,  merchant,  banker,  was  born  July  22,  1852,  in 
New  York  city.  In  1876  he  joined  the  real  estate  exchange,  and, 
from  that  time  to  the  present,  has  been  an  extensive  operator  in 
real  estate,  both  in  Harlem  and)  on  the  west  side  above  Fifty- 
ninth  street.  In  1885  he  was  elected  a  trustee  of  the  North  River 
Savings  bank.  During  the  same  year  Park  and  Tilford  opened 
a  branch  store  at  Fifty-ninth  street  and  Fifth  avenue,  and  Mr. 
Tilford  was  placed  in  charge  of  this  establishment.  Even  this  ad 
ditional  increase  of  labors  was  not  sufficient  to  employ  all  of  his 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  3?7 

active  energies;  and  in  1889,  together  with  George  G.  Haven,  he 
organized  the  Bank  of  New  Amsterdam,  of  which  Thomas  C. 
Acton  is  president.  Mr.  Tilford  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
bank  from  the  day  it  opened;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

Tillotson,  Thomas  C.,  stockman,  jurist,  was  born  March  11, 
1853,  in  Boone  county,  111.  During  1870-75  he  was  engaged  in 
the  hardware  business;  in  Chicago,  111.;  and  was  an  eye-witness 
of  the  great  conflagration  of  Oct.  9,  1871.  He  has  been  post 
master  of  Lincoln,  N.M. ;  probate  clerk  and  register  of  deeds,  and 
judge  of  the  probate  court.  In  1890  he  was  the  nominee  of  the 
republican  convention  for  the  legislative  assembly  in  his  district. 
He  was  a  Star  Eoute  mail  contractor,  and  operated  a  line  or 
route  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  miles  in  length;  and  for 
four  years  was  receiver  of  the  court  in  a  very  important  cattle 
suit.  He  is  a  successful  rancher  and  stock-raiser  of  Lincoln 
county,  N.M. ;  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in  all  public  affairs; 
and  resides  in  Lower  Penosco,  N.M. 

Titus,  Robert  Cyrus,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1839,  in 
Eden,  N.Y.  For  thirty  years  he  has  practiced  law  in  Buffalo,  N.Y. 
He  was  district  attorney  of  Erie  county  for  three  years;  state 
senator  in  the  New  York  legislature  for  four  years ;  and  has  filled 
the  positions  of  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Buffalo  and  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York. 

Toadvin,  Edward  Stanley,  state  land  commissioner  of  Mary 
land,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1848,  in  Salisbury,  Md.  He  was  educated 
at  Princeton  college  and  at  the  university  of  Virginia.  He  has 
been  state 's  attorney  for  Wicomico  county,  Md. ;  and  held  various 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Since  1900  he  has  been  land 
commissioner  of  Maryland ;  and  resides  in  Salisbury,  Md. 

Todd,  David,  director  Amherst  college  observatory,  was  born 
March  19,  1855,  in  Lake  Ridge,  N.Y.  In  1875  he  graduated  from 
Amherst  college ;  and  has  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  and  Ph.D. 
In  1889-90  he  was  chief  of  the  United  States  scientific  expedition 
to  West  Africa ;  of  many  eclipse  expeditions  to  different  counties ; 
and  of  the  Mars  expedition  to  the  Andes  of  Chile  1907.  He  is  the 
author  of  A  New  Astronomy;  Stars  and  Telescopes;  and  other 
works.  Since  1881  he  has  been  professor  of  astronomy  and  navi 
gation,  and  director  of  the  observatory,  at  Amherst  college ;  and 
resides  in  Amherst,  Mass. 

Tooley,  Clarence  Phillip,  state  senator  of  Montana,  was  born 
Aug.  31,  1874,  in  Evanston,  Wyo.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  Baldwinsville,  N.Y.  He  is  now  a  successful 
merchant  of  Two  Dot,  Mont. ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state.  He  was 
a  representative  in  the  eighth  general  assembly  of  the  Montana 


378  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

state  legislature ;  and  was  a  member  on  several  important  commit 
tees.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the  Montana  state  senate  for  Mea- 
gher  county;  and  resides  in  Two  Dot,  Mont. 

Tower,  Ralph  Winfred,  educator,  librarian,  author,  was  born 
May  24,  1870,  in  Amherst,  Mass.  In  1894-95  he  was  demonstrator 
of  anatomy  in  Brown  university;  in  1898-1901  was  an  instructor 
of  chemical  physiology ;  has  been  an  assistant  and  associate  pro 
fessor  ;  and  since  1903  has  been  curator  of  physiology  and  of  books 
and  publications  in  the  American  museum  of  natural  history. 
Since  1904  he  has  been  librarian  of  the  New  York  academy  of 
sciences.  He  is  the  author  of  Labratory  Giude  to  the  Dissection 
of  a  Cat;  and  Labratory  Course  in  Chemical  Physiology. 

Towers,  Charles  B.,  state  representative  of  Montana,  was  born 
July  20,  1855,  in  Richmond,  Vt.  He  was  educated  at  Goddard 
seminary  and  at  Tufts  college ;  and  is  a  civil  engineer  by  profes 
sion.  He  has  been  special  agent  for  the  state  of  Montana  on  live 
stock;  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  af 
fairs  of  Miles  city,  Custer  county,  Montana ;  and  has  filled  various 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  a  representative  in  the 
tenth  legislative  assembly  of  Montana ;  and  resides  in  Miles  City, 
Montana. 

Towne,  Henry  Robinson,  civil  engineer,  manufacturer,  au 
thor,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1844,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1862  he 
began  life  as  a  draughtsman ;  and  in  1863-66  was  in  charge  of  gov 
ernment  work.  In  1868  he  became  president  of  the  Yale  and 
Towne  manufacturing  company  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  Locks  and  Builders'  Hardware. 

Townsend,  Curtis  McDonald,  civil  engineer,  was  born  March 
22,  1856,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  In  1879  he  graduated  from  West 
Point;  became  lieutenant  of  engineers;  was  later  promoted  cap 
tain  and  major ;  and  has  been  connected  with  river  and  harbor  im 
provements  on  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  later  on  the 
Mississippi  near  Rock  Island.  He  is  now  major  in  the  corps  of 
engineers  of  the  United  States  army  and  is  in  charge  of  a  battalion 
of  engineer  troops  in  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Townsend,  George  Washington,  merchant,  lawyer,  author,  was 
born  Feb.  1,  1839,  in  West  Chester,  Pa.  He  received  his  education 
in  the  public  and  classical  schools  of  Philadelphia.  For  ten  years 
he  was  a  successful  merchant,  and  in  1874  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  has  given  much  time  and  study  to  solving  the  educational 
problem  How  to  Educate.  His  method  of  education  embodied  in 
The  Wherewithal  trains  the  senses  and  teaches  how  to  think.  He 
has  filled  high  official  Masonic  positions,  and  has  lectured  exten 
sively  on  educational  topics.  He  is  the  author  of  Wherewithal, 
or  New  Discoveries  in  Cause  and  Effect;  and  Jacob's  Ladder. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  379 

Townsend,  Lawrence,  lawyer,  translator,  diplomat,  was  born 
Aug.  13,  1860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1871-77  he  attended  Man 
tua  academy  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  in  1877-81  attended  the 
university  of  Pennyslvania.  In  1893-97  he  was  first  secretary  of 
the  United  States  legation  at  Vienna;  in  1897-99  was  envoy  ex 
traordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  at 
Lisbon,  Portugal;  and  since  1899  has  filled  the  latter  office  at 
Brussels,  Belgium.  He  has  made  a  specialty  of  international  law ; 
and  has  published  numerous  translations  from  the  French  and 
German  on  that  and  other  subjects. 

Townsend,  Luther  Tracy,  clergyman,  educator,  author,  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1838,  in  Orono,  Maine.  He  is  a  methodist  clergy 
man  and  educator  of  prominence,  professor  in  Boston  university 
since  1873 ;  a  pastor  in  Baltimore  from  1893 ;  and  subsequently  in 
Washington,  D.C.  He  is  the  author  of  God-Man ;  Credo ;  The  Fate 
of  Republics;  Outlines  of  Christian  Theology;  Sword  and  Gar 
ment  ;  The  Arena  and  the  Throne ;  The  Intermediate  World ;  Lost 
Forever;  Search  and  Manifestations;  The  Mosaic  Record  and 
Modern  Science;  Bible  Theology  and  Modern  Thought;  Outlines 
of  Theology ;  The  Supernatural  Factor  in  Religious  Revivals ;  Real 
and  Pretended  Christianity ;  The  Bible  and  Other  Ancient  Litera 
ture  in  the  Nineteenth  Century;  The  Chinese  Problem;  Faith 
Work,  Christian  Science  and  Other  Cures;  The  Intermediate 
World;  The  Art  of  Speech;  Jonah  in  the  Light  of  Higher  Criti 
cism  ;  Evolution  or  Creations  Anastasis  on  the  Immoral  Life ;  Ser 
mons  and  Addresses ;  and  History  of  the  Sixteenth  Regiment  New 
Hampshire  Volunteers. 

Trautmann,  William  E.,  United  States  district  attorney  for 
Illinois.  He  received  a  thorough  education;  and  soon  attained 
eminence  at  the  bar.  He  was  United  States  district  attorney  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Illinois ;  and  resides  in  East  St.  Louis,  with 
headquarters  at  Danville,  111. 

Tripp,  Bartlett,  lawyer,  jurist,  diplomat,  was  born  July  15,  1842, 
in  Harmony,  Maine.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Yankton,  S.D. ;  and  in 
1883  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  constitutional  convention  of  the 
territory,  and  was  elected  president  of  that  body.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Territorial  Bar  association  of  the  second 
judicial  district;  and  in  1885  was  elected  first  president  of  the 
State  Bar  association.  In  1885-89  he  was  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Dakota  territory ;  in  1893-97  was  United  States 
minister  to  Austria;  and  since  1899  has  been  a  Samoan  commis 
sioner. 

Truman,  Henry  Hertel,  stock  broker,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1847,  in 
Greenwich,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools ;  and  in  the  Polytechnic  institute  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  Since 


380  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1869  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  New  York  exchange;  and  is 
also  a  member  of  the  New  York  produce  exchange.  Since  1903 
he  has  been  senior  partner  of  Henry  Truman  and  company,  stock 
brokers  of  New  York  city.  In  1890-92  he  was  mayor  of  Orange, 
N. J. ;  and  is  prominently  identified  with  the  republican  party.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  England  society  of  Orange,  N.J. ;  and  a 
prominent  member  of  various  other  patriotic  and  religious  so 
cieties. 

Tucker,  William  A.,  railroad  president,  capitalist,  of  Boston, 
Mass.  He  is  president  and  director  of  the  Hartford  and  Spring 
field  street  railway  company ;  president  and  director  of  the  Man 
chester  traction,  light  and  power  company ;  president  and  director 
of  the  Stanislaus  electric  power  company;  and  treasurer  and  di 
rector  in  various  other  corporations  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Tuckerman,  Alfred,  librarian,  bibliographer,  author,  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1848,  in  New  York  city.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  private  schools ;  in  1870  graduated  from  Harvard 
college ;  and  in  1874  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  univer 
sity  of  Leipzig.  In  1876-80  he  was  assistant  in  Astor  library  of 
New  York  city.  He  is  the  author  of  an  Index  to  Literature  of 
the  Spectroscope,  in  two  volumes,  in  the  Smithsonian  Miscellane 
ous  Collections ;  an  Index  to  the  Literature  of  Thermodynam  and 
an  Index  to  the  Bibliography  of  the  Chemical  Influence  of  Light. 
Since  1890  he  has  been  a  Fellow  of  the  American  association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science;  and  for  several  years  has  been  a 
member  of  the  New  York  academy  of  science.  He  is  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  University,  Harvard  and  Chemists  clubs  of  New  York 
city,  and  of  the  Cosmos  club  of  Washington,  D.C. ;  and  resides 
in  New  York  city. 

Tuller,  Edward  Pratt,  clergyman,  missionary,  was  born  April 
16,  1859,  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.B. 
and  A.M.  from  Brown  university;  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Kalamazoo  college  and  in  1887  graduated  from  the 
Newton  theological  institution.  In  1886  he  was  ordained  to  the 
baptist  ministry;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Providence  and 
Newport,  R.I. ;  in  the  second  baptist  church  of  Lawrence,  Mass. ; 
in  the  first  baptist  church  of  Detroit,  Mich. ;  and  the  Memorial 
baptist  church  of  Chicago,  111.  Since  1906  he  has  been  pastor  of 
the  Brighton  avenue  baptist  church  of  Brighton,  Mass.  In  1901- 
06  he  was  secretary  of  the  board  and  since  1888  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  baptist  missionary  union. 
In  1902-05  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  Kalamazoo  college ;  since  1904 
he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Boston  school  of  expressions  and 
since  1907  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Newton  theological  institution. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  381 

Turner,  Alice,  educator,  physician,  writer,  was  born  March  13, 
1859,  near  Migo,  Iowa.  She  received  her  education  at  the 
Mitchell  seminary,  Simpson  college,  Lincoln  university,  and  the 
college  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  She  has 
attained  success  as  an  educator  and  physician  of  Coif  ax,  Iowa; 
and  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  Turner  of  that  city.  She  was  the  founder 
of  the  Coif  ax  library ;  has  been  health  officer ;  and  has  contributed 
valuable  papers  to  current  literature  on  Hygiene,  and  other  topics. 
The  past  seven  years  Dr.  Turner  and  husband  Dr.  L.  C.  S.  Turner 
have  owned  and  operated  a  sanitarium  and  rest  home  in  Colfax, 
Iowa. 

Turner,  George,  lawyer,  jurist,  United  States  senator,  was  born 
Feb.  25,  1850,  in  Edina,  Mo.  In  1876-80  he  was  United  States 
marshal  for  the  southern  and  middle  districts  of  Alabama.  He 
was  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  territory  of 
Washington  in  1884-88;  and  in  1889  was  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  convention  which  framed  the  constitution  for  the  state 
of  Washington.  In  1897-1903  he  was  United  States  senator  from 
Washington  as  a  silver  republican  by  a  fusion  of  silver  republicans, 
populists  and  democrats.  In  1903  he  was  a  member  of  the  Alaskan 
boundry  tribunal  held  in  London,  England;  and  in  1909  was 
counsel  for  the  United  States  in  the  Northeastern  fisheries  arbitra 
tion  at  the  Hague. 

Turner,  Henry  McNeal,  clergyman,  legislator,  bishop,  author, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1834,  near  Newberry,  S.C.  In  his  youth  he  read 
law;  in  1853  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  traveled  and  preached 
in  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama  and  other  southern  states. 
He  subsequently  received  the  degrees  of  D.D.  and  LL.D.  During 
the  Civil  war  he  was  chaplain  in  the  United  States  colored  troops. 
In  1868  and  1870  he  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  legisla 
ture;  was  postmaster  of  Macon;  and  since  1880  has  been  bishop 
of  the  American  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  with  headquarters 
at  Atlanta,  Ga.  He  is  the  author  of  Methodist  Polity ;  and  Hymn 
Book  of  the  American  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

Turner,  Isaac  W.,  mayor  of  Mount  Kisco,  N.Y.,  was  born  April 
29,  1854,  in  Montville,  Conn.  He  received  a  thorough  education, 
and  graduated  from  the  Norwich  free  academy.  He  is  a  success 
ful  druggist  and  business  man  of  Mount  Kisco,  N.Y. ;  and  promi 
nently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  city. 
For  eight  years  he  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  town  of  Bed 
ford  ;  in  1896-1905  was  supervisor  of  the  town  of  Bedford ;  and  in 
1904  was  a  candidate  for  representative  of  the  Connecticut  state 
legislature,  but  failed  of  election  by  a  very  small  margin.  He  is 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Mount  Kisco ;  and  resides  in  Mount  Kisco, 
N.Y. 


382  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Turner,  John  Orman,  educator,  college  president,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1850,  in  Greene  county,  Ala.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Howard  college,  from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  A.M. ;  the  university  of  Alabama ;  and  graduated  from 
the  state  normal  college  of  Troy  with  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  has 
been  principal  of  the  Springfield  high  school;  president  of  the 
Ashville  college ;  county  superintendent  of  education ;  since  1894 
has  been  state  superintendent  of  education  for  Alabama ;  and  for 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  Dr.  Turner  has  been  engaged  in 
practical  educational  work ;  and  resides  in  Asheville,  Ala. 

Uphan,  Warren,  librarian,  Minnesota  Historical  society,  was 
born  March  8,  1850,  in  Amherst,  N.H.  In  1871  he  graduated  from 
Dartmouth  college ;  and  has  received  from  that  institution  the 
degrees  of  A.M.  and  D.Sc.  In  1875-78  he  was  assistant  on  the 
geological  survey  of  New  Hampshire ;  in  1879-85  and  1893-94  was 
on  the  gelogical  survey  of  Minnesota;  and  in  1885-95  on  the  geo 
logical  survey  of  the  United  States.  In  1895  he  was  librarian  of 
the  Western  reserve  historical  society  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  is 
the  author  of  The  Glacial  Lake  Agassiz ;  Greenland  Icefields ;  many 
geological  and  historical  papers ;  and  has  edited  several  volumes 
of  the  Minnesota  Historical  society  collections.  Since  1895  he  has 
been  secretary  and  librarian  of  the  Minnesota  Historical  society; 
and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Uphan,  William  H.,  soldier,  manufacturer,  banker,  governor, 
was  born  May  3, 1841,  in  West  Minster,  Mass.  In  1861  he  was  shot 
through  the  lungs  at  Bull  Run  and  reported  dead.  He  was  lieu 
tenant  in  the  United  States  army  until  1875.  He  then  engaged 
in  lumber,  furniture  manufacturing  and  banking  at  Marshfield, 
Wis.  In  1895-97  he  was  the  sixteenth  governor  of  Wisconsin. 

Upton,  Winslow,  astronomer,  author,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1853, 
in  Salem,  Mass.  Since  1884  he  has  been  professor  of  astronomy 
in  Brown  university  of  Providence,  R.I.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  expedition  to  observe  eclipses  in  1878  and  1883. 

Van  Cleave,  James  W.,  manufacturer,  founder,  was  born  in 
July,  1849,  in  Marion  county,  Ky.  He  received  an  academic  edu 
cation.  For  forty  years  he  has  been  in  stove  manufacturing  busi 
ness,  first  in  Louisville  and  later  in  St.  Louis ;  and  for  many  years 
has  been  president  of  the  Bucks  stove  and  range  company  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  is  president  of  the  National  association  of  manu 
facturers;  president  of  the  Citizens'  industrial  association  of  St. 
Louis,  being  one  of  the  founders  of  the  National  organization  of 
that  order.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Holland  society ;  and  a  member 
of  the  Glen  Echo  club ;  a  member  of  the  Mercantile  club ;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  383 

Vandale,  John  A.  A.,  educator,  lawyer,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1853, 
in  Boggsville,  W.Va.  He  is  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Spencer,  "W. 
Va. ;  was  principal  of  schools  for  several  years,  and  a  member  of 
the  school  board  when  the  high  school  was  built.  He  has  been 
public  prosecutor  for  eight  years;  is  a  member  and  secretary  of 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  second  hospital  for  the  insane ;  and 
has  filled  various  other  public  positions  of  honor. 

Van  Dyke,  Joseph  Smith,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
2,  1832,  in  Bound  Brook,  N.J.  Since  1869  he  has  been  a  presby- 
terian  clergyman,  minister  at  Glassboro,  N.J.,  and  the  author  of 
Popery  the  Foe  of  the  Church ;  Prohibition  of  the  Liquor  Traffic ; 
Through  the  Prison  to  the  Throne ;  From  Gloom  to  Gladness ;  and 
Theism  or  Evolution. 

Vann,  Irving  Goodwin,  associate- justice  state  supreme  court 
of  New  York,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1842,  in  Ulysses,  N.Y.  In  1863  he 
received  his  education  at  the  Trumansburg  and  the  Ithaca  acade 
mies  ;  graduated  from  Yale  college  in  1863 ;  and  from  the  Albany 
law  school  in  1865.  In  1879  he  served  as  mayor  of  Syracuse ;  and 
in  1882-96  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  Since  1896  he  has 
been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of 
New  York  for  the  term  of  1896-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Vaughan,  Fred  W.,  lawyer,  statesman,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1858, 
in  Wyalusing,  Pa.  He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  at  the  Susquehanna  Collegiate  institute,  and  at  the  Wyo 
ming  Commercial  college.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Fremont, 
Neb.  in  1896 ;  secretary  of  the  Sound  Money  Democratic  league  of 
Nebraska,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  various  Masonic  orders. 
In  1896  he  was  a  gold  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  con 
vention,  which  delegation  was  unseated.  He  was  subsequently 
chosen  to  a  Chicago  conference,  which  resulted  in  the  national 
convention  at  Indianapolis,  to  which  he  was  also  a  delegate.  In 
1900  he  was  mayor  of  Fremont,  Neb. ;  and  is  past  president  of  the 
Nebraska  society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution. 

Veeder,  Major  Albert,  physician,  scientist,  was  born  Nov.  10, 
1848,  in  Ashtabula,  Ohio.  In  1870  he  graduated  from  the  Union 
college  of  Schenectady,  N.Y. ;  graduated  from  the  medical  depart 
ment  of  the  university  of  Buffalo ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of 
A.M.  and  M.D.  In  1875-78  he  was  principal  of  Ives  seminary  at 
Antwerp,  N.Y. ;  and  since  1883  has  practiced  medicine  in  Lyons, 
N.Y.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  association  for  the  advance 
ment  of  science ;  is  a  member  of  the  public  health  association  and 
the  American  microscopical  society;  and  is  also  a  permanent 
member  of  the  New  York  state  medical  society,  and  various  other 
associations  and  scientific  societies.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous 
monographs  and  papers  on  public  water  supply,  garbage  disposal 


384  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  the  like ;  and  has  made  a  study  on  the  relation  of  pack  ice  in 
the  great  lakes  of  North  America  to  the  glacial  period. 

Vehslage,  John  H.  G.,  soldier,  business  man,  congressman,  was 
born  Dec.  20,  1842,  in  New  York  city.  In  1863  he  joined  the  third 
cavalry,  national  guard,  state  of  New  York,  and  was  commissioned 
captain  by  Governor  Seymour  in  1864.  In  1876  he  was  appointed 
inspector  of  rifle  practice  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  continued 
in  service  until  1880,  when  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  ser 
vice  by  Governor  Cornell ;  remained  as  supernumerary  until  1883. 
He  was  elected  and  served  as  member  of  assembly  from  the  first 
assembly  district,  New  York  city,  in  the  year  1894;  was  at  the 
democratic  state  convention  held  at  Buffalo;  was  appointed  a 
presidential  elector,  but  resigned  on  account  of  receiving  the 
nomination  for  congress.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

Verrill,  Addison  Emery,  educator,  author,  was  born  Feb.  9, 
1839,  in  Greenwood,  Maine.  Since  1864  he  has  been  curator  of 
the  Yale  zoological  museum ;  and  since  1869  has  been  editor  of  the 
American  Journal  of  Science.  He  is  president  of  the  Connecticut 
academy  of  arts  and  sciences ;  and  has  made  valuable  original  in 
vestigations  in  relation  to  the  invertebrata  of  the  entire  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  coast  of  North  Carolina.  He  is  the  author  of  The 
Bermuda  Islands ;  Coral  Reefs  of  the  Bermudas ;  and  other  works. 

Viall,  George  Marcius,  state  representative  of  Vermont,  was 
born  May  5,  1849,  in  Dorset,  Vt.  In  1874  he  graduated  from  the 
Union  university,  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.,  M.D.  and 
A.M.  For  many  years  his  duties  have  been  public  and  in  the 
settlement  of  estates.  He/  is  a  bank  director  and  executor  and 
administrator  of  many  estates.  In  1882-84  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  state  senate ;  and  in  1886-88  and  1904-06  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Vermont  state  legislature.  He  has  been  town  clerk, 
treasurer  and  assessor ;  and  since  1879  has  been  continuously  trus 
tee  of  public  moneys.  He  is  a  representative  in  the  Vermont  state 
legislature ;  and  resides  in  East  Dorset,  Vt. 

Villers,  Thomas  Jefferson,  clergyman,  theologian,  was  born 
May  23,  1861,  in  Centerville,  Va.  In  1885  he  received  the  degree 
of  B.A.  from  the  university  of  Rochester ;  in  1888  graduated  from 
the  Rochester  theological  seminary;  and  subsequently  received 
the  degrees  of  M.A.  and  D.D.  from  the  university  of  Rochester. 
In  1888-93  he  filled  a  pastorate  in  Gloucester,  Mass. ;  in  1893-98 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Syracuse,  N.Y. ;  in  1898- 
1906  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Indianapolis,  Ind. ; 
and  since  1906  has  been  pastor  of  the  Peddie  memorial  church  of 
Newark,  N.J.  For  five  years  he  was  president  of  the  Indiana 
baptist  convention ;  is  a  trustee  of  the  Rochester  theological  semi- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  385 

nary ;  is  a  trustee  of  the  Peddle  institute ;  and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  the  American  baptist  home  mission  society. 

Visscher,  William  Lightfoot,  author,  poet,  was  born  Nov.  25, 
1842,  in  Owingsville,  Ky.  He  has  written  more  than  a  thousand 
poems  and  his  masterpiece  entitled  Black  Mammy,  a  song  of  the 
sunny  south,  appeared  in  book-form  in  1886,  together  with  other 
miscellaneous  poems  from  his  pen.  He  is  the  author  of  Carlisle 
of  Colorado ;  Way  out  West ;  Peter  Vansant ;  A  Head  of  Bronze ; 
Harp  of  the  South ;  Blue  Grass  Ballads ;  and  Chicago,  an  Epic. 

Voight,  Edward  William,  brewer,  capitalist,  was  born  April  5, 
1844,  in  Saxony.  He  retains  the  general  management  of  the 
Voight  Brewing  company,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Michigan 
Sulphite  Fibre  company  at  Detroit,  Mich. 

Voliva,  Wilbur  Glenn,  clergyman,  over-seer,  was  born  March 
10,  1870,  in  Newton,  Ind.  In  1891  he  graduated  from  the  Union 
Christian  college  of  Meron,  Ind. ;  and  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
In  1889  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Christian  church 
and  in  1889-93  filled  pastorates  in  Linden,  Ind.,  and  Urbana,  111. 
In  1893-94  he  studied  theology  in  Stanfordville,  N.Y.,  and  in  1897 
graduated  from  Hiram  college  as  B.A.  In  1893-94  he  supplied  a 
pulpit  in  the  Chestnut  street  Christian  church  of  Albany,  N.Y. ; 
and  in  1897-99  was  pastor  of  the  Christian  church  of  Washington 
court  house,  Ohio.  In  1889  he  became  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Catholic  church ;  in  1899  wras  ordained  elder  and  later  became  elder 
in  charge  of  tabernacles  in  Chicago  and  Cincinnati.  In  1901-06 
he  was  over-seer  of  the  Christian  Catholic  church  in  Australia; 
in  1906-07  was  assistant  of  John  Alexander  Dowie ;  when  he  be 
came  general  over-seer  of  the  Christian  Catholic  apostolic  church 
in  Zion  throughout  the  world. 

Vollmer,  John  Phillip,  president  First  national  bank,  was  born 
Jan.  25,  1847,  in  Germany.  He  settled  in  Indiana  in  his  boyhood ; 
and  was  educated  in  Butler  university  and  at  Ritcher's  school  of 
technology,  both  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  is  successfully  engaged 
in  banking,  merchandising,  milling,  manufacturing  and  farming; 
is  president  of  the  First  national  bank  of  Lewiston,  Idaho ;  and 
president  of  a  number  of  other  banks  and  manufacturing  institu 
tions  and  enterprises.  He  is  an  independent  republican;  and 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his 
state ;  and  resides  in  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

Von  Gottschalck,  Oscar  Hunt,  artist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  1, 
1865,  in  Providence,  R.I.  He  studied  art  in  Rhode  Island  and 
New  York.  He  has  exhibited  at  Chicago  and  New  York ;  and  in 
1906  and  1907  exhibited  at  the  Salmagundi  club  of  New  York  and 
in  Chicago,  111.  He  is  the  author  of  Yankee  Doodle  Gander; 


386  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Gnome  Man's  Land;  Lives  of  the  Haunted;  and  Historical  Sense 
and  Nonsense,  a  serial. 

Von  Schierbrand,  Wolf,  journalist,  author,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1851,  in  Dresden,  Germany.  In  1872  he  began  educational  work 
in  the  United  States.  He  is  the  author  of  Russia;  and  America, 
Asia  and  the  Pacific. 

Wadlin,  Horace  Greeley,  librarian  Boston  public  library,  was 
born  Oct.  2,  1851,  in  Wakefield,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  and  high  schools  of  Reading,  Mass, ;  and  studied  architec 
ture  in  Salem  and  Boston,  Mass.  In  1875  he  began  the  practice 
of  architecture  in  Boston,  Mass. ;  and  in  1888  became  chief  of  the 
Massachusetts  bureau  of  statistics  of  labor.  Since  1903  he  has 
been  librarian  of  the  Boston  public  library.  He  is  the  author  of 
Reports  on  the  Statistics  of  Labor  of  Massachusetts  in  1888-1901, 
consisting  of  fourteen  volumes;  Annual  Statistics  of  Manufact 
urers  of  Massachusetts  in  1886-1901,  consisting  of  sixteen  volumes  ; 
and  The  Decennial  Census  of  Massachusetts,  in  seven  volumes. 

Waggener,  B.  P.,  state  senator  of  Kansas,  was  born  July  18, 
1847,  in  Platte  county,  Mo.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  state ;  and  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of 
law.  For  thirty  years  he  has  been  general-attorney  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  railway  company,  which  position  he  still  fills.  For  four 
years  he  was  mayor  of  Atchison,  Kan. ;  and  has  served  with  dis 
tinction  as  representative  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature.  He  is 
president  of  the  Exchange  national  bank  of  Atchison,  Kan. ;  and 
has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  a 
member  of  the  Kansas  state  senate  for  the  second  district;  and 
resides  in  Atchison,  Kan. 

Wait,  John  Cassan,  soldier,  educator,  civil  engineer,  lawyer, 
author,  was  born  June  4. 1860,  in  Norwich,  N.Y.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  at  Norwich  academy;  graduated  from 
Cornell  university  with  the  degrees  of  B.C.E.  and  M.C.E. ;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  M.S.  from  Norwich  university ;  and  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  from  Harvard  law  school.  In  1880-85  he  filled  various 
engineering  positions ;  and  in  1885-94  was  professor  of  mathemat 
ics,  chemistry,  physics,  and  engineering  in  Harvard  university 
and  other  institutions  of  learning.  In  1893-95  he  was  associate- 
editor  of  the  Railroad  Gazette;  and  in  1896-97  was  assistant  engi 
neer  of  the  Erie  Canal  Improvement.  He  is  the  pioneer  in  that 
specialty  of  the  law,  engineering  and  architectural  jurisprudence, 
on  which  subject  he  has  written  several  books  and  is  an  acknowl 
edged  authority.  Since  1897  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  New  York  city;  and  has  been  assistant  corporation 
counsel.  He  is  the  author  of  Car  Builders'  Dictionary;  Engineer- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  387 

ing   and  Architectural  Jurisprudence;   Law  of  Contracts;   and 
other  works. 

Waite,  Herschel  Napoleon,  physician,  surgeon,  founder,  was 
born  Feb.  13,  1850,  in  Stowe,  Vt.  He  received  his  early  education 
in  the  high  school  of  Stowe,  which  was  followed  by  a  business 
course  in  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  business  college  of  Burlington, 
Vt.  In  1870-71  he  served  as  salesman,  bookkeeper  and  accountant 
in  Jacksonville,  111.,  and  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1872  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  in  Louisville,  Ky. ;  in  1873-75  attended  medi 
cal  lectures  in  Louisville  and  St.  Louis,  and  received  his  degree  of 
M.D.  In  1876-79  he  served  as  an  expert  accountant  and  adjuster 
in  New  York  city;  and  in  1880  established  a  general  mercantile 
house  at  Clarion,  Iowa.  He  then  attended  a  course  of  medical 
lectures  in  New  York  city;  in  1882  graduated  from  the  Eclectic 
medical  college ;  and  in  1882-89  was  engaged  in  the  regular  prac 
tice  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  New  York  city.  In  1882  he  or 
ganized  and  established  the  Yorkville  and  Harlam  Eclectic  dis 
pensary.  Since  1889  he  has  practiced  his  profession  in  Johnson, 
Vt.  In  1892-96  he  was  president  of  the  Vermont  State  Eclectic 
medical  society;  and  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  and 
scientific  societies  of  America.  He  was  the  founder  in  1895  of 
The  New  England  Eclectic  medical  association;  and  was  chosen 
its  president.  In  1902  he  was  a  member  of  the  American  univer 
sity  association;  and  in  1907  was  a  member  of  the  International 
congress  on  tuberculosis,  held  in  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  promi 
nent  in  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  other  fraternal  organizations ; 
and  has  filled  numerous  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Waite,  John  Leman,  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Burlington 
Hawk-Eye,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1840,  in  Ravenna,  Ohio.  He  was 
telegrapher  and  superintendent  of  telegraph  in  his  younger  days ; 
became  city  editor  of  the  Burlington  Hawk-Eye  in  1869;  later 
managing  editor;  and  for  the  past  twenty-two  years  editor  and 
publisher.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Burlington  by  Presi 
dent  Arthur  in  1882  and  served  one  term  of  four  years ;  and  was 
again  appointed  postmaster  by  President  McKinley  in  1898  and 
reappointed  by  President  Roosevelt  in  1902  and  1906.  He  has  been 
vice-president  of  the  National  association  of  postmasters ;  and  has 
served  on  several  postoffice  commissions  at  Washington,  D.C. ;  and 
resides  in  Burlington,  Iowa. 

Waldo,  George  E.,  United  States  congressman  from  New  York, 
was  born  Jan.  11,  1851,  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  Cornell  university.  He  practiced  law  in 
New  York  city  in  1875-83 ;  in  1883-89  in  Ulysses,  Neb. ;  and  re 
turned  to  New  York  city  in  1889.  He  is  a  member  of  the  bar  of 
the  Nebraska  supreme  court,  the  United  States  district  wid  circuit 


388  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

courts  of  Nebraska,  of  the  southern  and  eastern  districts  of  New 
York,  and  of  the  United  States  supreme  court.  He  was  a  member 
of  New  York  assembly  in  1896  ;  and  in  1899-1904  was  commissioner 
of  records  of  Kings  county,  N.Y.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
ninth  congress  from  New  York.  He  was  reelected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1907- 
09 ;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Walker,  Charles  L.,  colonel  Illinois  national  guard.  In  1869 
he  graduated  from  Mount  Morris  seminary  and  collegiate  insti 
tute  ;  and  in  1873  moved  to  Rock  Island,  111.  In  1878  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois;  and  became 
attorney  for  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  railroad  com 
pany.  In  1899-1901  he  was  president  of  the  Rock  Island  public 
library.  In  1901  he  was  appointed  general  attorney  for  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  canal  by  the  canal  commissioners ;  and  has  con 
tinued  as  such  under  the  administration  of  Governor  Charles  S. 
Deneen.  Since  1901  he  has  been  colonel  of  the  New  York  national 
guard;  and  was  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Richard 
Yates. 

Walker,  E.  Lawton,  state  senator  of  Georgia,  was  born  Aug. 
18,  1867,  in  Pierce  county,  Ga.  He  was  educated  at  White  Springs, 
Fla. ;  and  is  a  farmer  and  lawyer  by  profession.  In  1892-95  and  in 
1902-04  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Georgia  state  legislature. 
In  1893-94  he  was  a  member  of  the  town  council  of  Blackshear, 
Ga.,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Pierce  county  democratic  ex 
ecutive  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  senate 
from  the  third  district ;  and  resides  in  Blackshear,  Ga. 

Walker,  Harriet  G.,  reformer,  philanthropist,  was  born  Sept. 
10,  1841,  in  Brunswick,  Ohio.  More  than  twenty  years  ago  she 
turned  her  attention  to  charitable  work,  and  is  to-day  associated 
with  many  of  the  charities  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.  For  twenty 
years  she  has  been  secretary  of  the  reformatory  for  women  called 
the  Bethany  Home.  She  is  president  of  the  Northwestern  hospital 
for  women  and  children ;  and  is  national  vice-president  and  state 
president  in  the  Non-Partisan  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
union.  She  is  chairman  of  the  police  matron  joint  committee  ;  and 
in  1892  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  woman's  council, 
which  is  a  delegate  association  representing  all  the  organized 
woman's  work  of  Minneapolis. 

Walker,  James  Baynes,  physician,  surgeon,  was  born  Dec.  15, 
1846,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  Friends' 
central  school ;  and  in  1872  graduated  from  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania.  Is  a  member  of  the  board  of  Penna.  state  medical  ex 
aminers.  Took  degree  of  Ph.D.  at  university  of  Pennsylvania. 
Member  Union  league  of  Philadelphia.  In  1879-90  he  was  professor 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  389 

of  the  practice  of  medicine  at  the  Woman's  medical  college  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1884-95  he  was  president  of  the  Northern  medi 
cal  association;  in  1894  was  also  president  of  the  American  Clima- 
tological  association ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  and 
scientific  associations  of  America.  For  seventeen  years  he  was 
visiting  physician  to  the  Philadelphia  hospital;  for  eleven  years 
to  the  Woman's  hospital ;  and  is  now  visiting  physician  to  the  West 
Philadelphia  hospital  for  women  and  children. 

Walker,  Platt  Dickinson,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  North  Carolina,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1849,  in  Wilmington,  N.C. 
He  was  educated  at  the  university  of  North  Carolina  and  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  LL.B.  and 
LL.D.  In  1870  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Rockingham,  N.C. ; 
and  from  1876  in  Charlotte,  N.C.  In  1874-75  he  was  a  member  of 
the  North  Carolina  state  legislature ;  and  in  1899  was  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  North  Carolina  bar  association.  Since  1902  he  has 
been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  North  Carolina, 
and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1902-10;  and  resides  in  Charlotte. 
N.C. 

Walker,  Thomas  Barlow,  president  board  of  directors  Minne 
apolis  public  library,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1840.  in  Xenia,  Ohio.  He 
taught  school  for  a  while ;  and  later  was  a  traveling  salesman.  In 
1862  he  w^ent  to  Minneapolis ;  and  was  engaged  on  government 
surveys;  and  later  on  the  survey  for  the  cities  of  St.  Paul  and 
Duluth,  Minn.  He  has  large  lumber,  pine  land  and  building  in 
terests  in  Minnesota  and  on  the  Pacific  coast;  and  was  the  pro 
jector  and  builder  of  St.  Louis  Park,  a  suburb  of  Minneapolis. 
Through  his  instrumentality  the  old  Athaenaeum  library  associa 
tion  was  developed  into  the  Minneapolis  public  library.  He  owrns 
large  private  gallery  of  fine  paintings  by  the  best  masters,  ancient 
and  modern;  is  a  member  of  the  National  arts  society;  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Minneapolis  fine  art  society.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  business  men's  union;  is  an  ardent  patron  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  association;  and  with  his  wife,  Mrs.  Harriet  G. 
Walker,  has  dealt  generously  for  the  uplifting  of  the  fallen  and 
the  needy.  He  is  president  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Minne 
apolis  public  library ;  and  resides  in  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Wall,  Joseph  B.,  judge  sixth  judicial  circuit  of  Florida,  was 
born  Jan.  23,  1847,  in  Hernando  county,  Fla.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  ;  and  at  the  university  of  Florida.  He  attained 
success  at  the  bar  of  Florida ;  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
democratic  party.  He  served  with  distinction  as  a  member  of  the 
Florida  state  senate.  He  served  two  terms  as  states  attorney  of 
the  sixth  circuit  of  Florida  and  has  filled  various  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  He  is  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  of  Flor- 


390  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

ida ;  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1899-1911 ;  and  resides  in 
Tampa,  Fla. 

Wallace,  James  Goodwin,  surgeon,  lawyer,  was  born  June  24, 
1836,  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  educated  in  the  Furman  univer 
sity  of  South  Carolina,  and  attended  the  national  medical  college 
of  Washington,  D.C.  During  the  Civil  war  he  was  field  surgeon 
in  the  confederate  army.  He  is  surgeon  of  the  F.C.  and  P.R.R. 
Tampa  division,  and  has  performed  more  critical,  extensive  and 
successful  surgical  operations  than  any  other  surgeon  in  the  state 
of  Florida.  He  resides  in  Dade  City;  has  been  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  medical  association  of  Pasco  county,  Fla. ;  and 
chairman  of  the  board  of  county  commissioners.  He  stands  high 
in  Masonry ;  is  a  noted  lawyer,  and  resides  in  Norristown,  Pa. 

Walsh,  James  F.,  state  treasurer  of  Connecticut,  was  born 
March  15,  1864,  in  Lewisboro,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Ridgefield,  Conn.  He  took  up  the  practice  of  law ; 
and  in  1890-1905  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Greenwich,  Conn. 
In  1901-02  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  state  legis 
lature  ;  in  1903-04  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate ;  and  in  1905 
became  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  common  pleas  for  Fairfield 
county,  Conn.  He  is  treasurer  of  the  state  of  Connecticut;  and 
resides  in  Greenwich,  Conn. 

Walworth,  Warren  F.,  soldier,  manufacturer,  banker,  railroad 
president,  was  born  Aug.  21,  1838,  in  Jefferson  county,  N.Y.  He 
has  been  school  superintendent;  and  was  an  officer  of  the  union 
army.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council  of  Cleveland, 
Ohio ;  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  education.  In  1894  he  be 
came  president  of  the  York  Southern  railroad  at  Cleveland,  Ohio ; 
is  president  of  a  banking  company ;  and  director  and  treasurer  of 
Chautauqua  educational  institution;  and  resides  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Wanner,  Peter  D.,  lawyer,  business  president,  was  born  Dec. 
1,  1840,  in  Kutztown,  Pa.  In  1857-58  he  taught  school;  and  in 
1859  he  entered  Union  seminary  of  New  Berlin,  Pa. ;  and  in  1860 
became  a  student  and  teacher  in  Fairview  seminary  of  Kutztown ; 
and  in  1862  entered  Franklin  and  Marshall  college  of  Lancaster, 
and  graduated  in  1865.  Since  then  he  has  practiced  law  in  Read 
ing,  Pa. ;  in  1871  was  elected  district  attorney  for  Berks  county ; 
and  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  became  county  solicitor. 
In  1878  he  was  a  candidate  for  congress  as  a  democrat.  For  many 
years  he  was  a  president  for  several  iron  and  quite  a  few  water 
companies;  but  since  1902  has  devoted  himself  entirely  to  law 
practice. 

Ward,  David  L.,  state  senator  of  North  Carolina,  was  born 
Oct.  24,  1860,  near  Stantonsburg,  Green  county,  N.C.  He  was  edu- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  391 

cated  at  Wake  Forest  college  of  North  Carolina;  and  soon  at 
tained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  at  New  Bern,  N.C.  For  six 
years  he  was  county  attorney ;  and  is  now  aide-de-camp  to  Gover 
nor  Glenn,  with  rank  of  colonel.  He  is  a  member  of  the  North 
Carolina  state  senate  for  the  eighth  district  for  the  term  of  1905- 
07 ;  and  resides  in  New  Bern,  N.C. 

Ward,  Mary  Snedekor,  musician,  author,  was  born  in  Troy, 
N.Y.  She  graduated  from  the  Troy  Female  college,  and  afterward 
received  instruction  in  the  languages  under  private  tutors;  and 
received  her  musical  instruction  from  eminent  professors.  She 
is  prominent  in  various  societies;  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
Domestic  Training  association  of  Orange,  N.J. ;  and  manager  of 
the  Orange  Woman's  exchange;  and  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Daughters  of  the  Revolution  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  its 
first  state  secretary.  She  was  on  the  educational  committee  of 
Essex  county  for  woman's  work  at  the  World's  Columbian  expo 
sition.  She  has  visited  every  capital  city  in  Europe ;  has  been  a 
correspondent  for  the  metropolitan  press,  and  is  the  author  of 
interesting  Sketches  of  Egypt  and  Random  Leaves  of  European 
Travel. 

Ward,  William  Lukens,  manufacturer,  congressman,  was  born 
Sept.  2,  1856,  in  Greenwich,  Conn.  He  was  elected  to  congress 
and  also  as  elector  at  the  same  election ;  and  in  1897-99  was  a  rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  fifty- fifth  congress  as  a  re 
publican. 

Ware,  Mary,  poet,  was  born  in  April,  1828,  in  Madisonville, 
Tenn.  She  was  the  daughter  of  George  Harris,  a  noted  southern 
lawyer.  Mrs.  Ware  has  for  nearly  half  a  century  contributed  to 
the  periodical  press,  and  her  poems  appear  in  Poets  of  America, 
and  other  standard  collections.  She  is  a  popular  poet  of  Alabama, 
and  prominent  in  various  women's  societies  of  Birmingham,  and 
the  state  of  Alabama. 

Warner,  Adoniram  Judson,  soldier,  merchant,  congressman,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1834,  in  Wales,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at 
Beloit,  Wis. ;  and  New  York  central  college.  He  was  principal  of 
the  Lewistown  academy  and  superintendent  of  public  schools  of 
Mifflin  county,  and  principal  of  Mercer  union  schools,  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1856  to  1861.  He  entered  the  army  as  captain  in  a 
Pennsylvania  regiment  in  1861,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- colonel 
and  colonel  and  brevetted  brigadier-general.  He  served  through 
the  war,  participating  in  various  battles,  and  was  severely 
wounded  at  Antietam.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1865,  but  engaged  in  other  business.  He  was  elected  to  the 
forty-sixth  and  forty-eighth  congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  is  a  successful  dealer  in 


392  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

railroad  coal  and  iron;  is  president  of  the  Bimetallic  union  from 
its  formation;  and  in  addition  to  economic  questions  he  has  been 
a  student  of  geology,  archaeology  and  kindred  subjects.  He  is 
the  author  of  Appreciation  of  Money;  and  Source  of  Value  in 
Money ;  and  resides  in  Marietta,  Ohio. 

Warnock,  William  R.,  soldier,  lawyer,  state  senator,  jurist, 
congressman,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1838,  in  Urbana,  Ohio.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university.  During  the  civil  war 
he  was  brevet  lieutenant-colonel.  For  four  years  he  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  his  county;  in  1876-77  was  a  state  senator  in 
the  Ohio  legislature ;  and  for  ten  years  was  judge  of  court  of 
common  pleas.  In  1901-05  he  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh 
and  fifty-eighth  congresses  from  Ohio ;  and  served  on  several  im 
portant  committees.  He  is  United  States  pension  agent  at  the 
Columbus,  Ohio  pension  agency  for  the  term  of  1906-10 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Urbana,  Ohio. 

Warren,  Francis  Emory,  United  States  senator  from  Wyoming, 
was  born  June  20,  1844,  in  Hinsdale,  Mass.  He  received  an  aca 
demic  education.  He  enlisted  in  1862  in  the  forty-ninth  Massachu 
setts  regiment,  and  served  as  a  private  and  non-commissioned 
officer  in  that  regiment  till  it  was  mustered  out  of  the  service ;  was 
afterward  captain  in  the  Massachusetts  militia ;  and  was  awarded 
a  medal  of  honor  for  exceptional  gallantry  in  action  before  Port 
Hudson.  He  was  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  in  Massa 
chusetts  till  early  in  1868,  when  he  removed  to  Wyoming,  then  a 
part  of  Dakota.  He  is  engaged  in  mercantile,  live-stock,  and 
lighting  business ;  was  president  of  the  council  of  Wyoming  legis 
lature  in  1873 ;  and  a  member  of  the  council  in  1884 ;  and  in  1888 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican  convention.  He  was 
mayor  of  Cheyenne,  and  served  three  terms  as  treasurer  of  Wyom 
ing.  He  was  appointed  governor  of  Wyoming  by  President 
Arthur ;  and  was  again  appointed  governor  of  Wyoming  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison  and  served  till  the  territory  was  admitted  as  a 
state,  when  he  was  elected  governor.  In  1890-93  and  since  1895  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  is  now  serving 
the  term  of  1901-07 ;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

Warren,  George  W.,  educator,  was  born  July  8, 1851,  in  Water- 
town,  N.Y.  He  has  attained  success  in  educational  work ;  has  been 
principal  of  public  schools  in  Michigan  and  California;  and  is  now 
city  superintendent  of  schools  in  Eureka,  Cal. 

Warren,  Henry  White,  bishop,  author,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1831, 
in  Williamsburg,  Mass.  He  is  a  methodist  bishop  living  in  Den 
ver,  Col.  He  is  the  author  of  The  Bible  in  the  World's  Education; 
Lectures  on  the  English  Bible ;  Sights  and  Insights,  or  Knowledge 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  393 

by  Travel;  Studies  of  the  Stars;  Recreations  in  Astronomy,  and 
Among  the  Forces. 

Warren,  John  Collins,  physician,  educator,  author,  was  born 
May  4,  1842,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  is  emeritus  professor  of  sur 
gery  at  Harvard  university  from  1906;  and  the  author  of  The 
Anatomy  and  Development  of  Rodent  Ulcer;  Pathology  of  Car 
buncle  and  Columnal  Adipose;  The  Healing  of  Arteries  after 
Ligature  in  Men  and  Animals ;  and  Surgical  Pathology  and  Thera 
peutics. 

Washburn,  William  Drew,  surveyor,  manufacturer,  congress 
man,  United  States  senator,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1831,  in  Livermore, 
Maine.  Pie  was  appointed  surveyor-general  of  Minnesota  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  in  1861,  and  held  the  office  for  four  years.  He  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  various  manufacturing  industries  in  the 
city  of  Minneapolis  since  that  time;  was  a  director  and  large 
owner  of  the  Minneapolis  Water  Power  company;  was  the  pro 
jector  and  afterwards  president  of  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis 
railroad;  and  organized  and  built  the  Sault  line  of  railway  from 
Minneapolis  to  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.,  of  which  he  was  the  chief 
projector,  and  remained  president  until  his  election  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1889.  lie  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1858 
and  1871 ;  and  in  1879-85  he  was  a  representative  to  the  forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  and  forty-eighth  congresses ;  and  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  as  a  republican,  and  served  in  1889-95. 

Washburn,  William  D.,  Jr.,  state  representative  of  Minnesota, 
\vas  born  April  3,  1863,  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  He  received  a  thorough 
education ;  and  in  1888  graduated  from  Yale  university.  In  1900- 
01  he  was  associate-editor  of  the  Minneapolis  Tribune ;  and  now 
devotes  his  time  to  the  lands  and  investments  business  in  Minne 
apolis,  Minn.  In  1900-02  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature ;  and  was  again  a  representative  in  the  Minnesota 
state  legislature  for  the  term  of  1905-07 ;  and  resides  in  Minne 
apolis,  Minn. 

Washington,  Joseph  Edwin,  lawyer,  state;  legislator,  congress 
man,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1851,  in  Wessington,  Tenn.  Pie  is  a 
descendant  of  the  Virginia  Washingtons  of  Surrey  and  South 
ampton  counties.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ten 
nessee  house  of  representatives;  and  in  1880  was  the  democratic 
elector  on  the  Hancock  and  English  ticket.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
a  representative  from  his  native  county  to  the  fiftieth  congress  as 
a  democrat;  and  was  re-elected  successively  to  the  fifty-first,  fifty- 
second,  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses.  Having  been  a 
consistent  sound  money  democrat,  he  declined  to  be  a  candidate 
for  re-election  after  the  adoption  of  the  Chicago  democratic  plat- 


394  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

form.  He  is  now  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits ;  and  resides  in 
Wessington,  Tenn. 

Watson,  Henry  Winfield,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  was  born 
June  24,  1856,  in  Bucks  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  private 
schools  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  read  law  with  F.  Carroll  Brewster ; 
and  in  1881  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  served  several  times  as 
national  state  and  congressional  delegate  to  republican  conven 
tions,  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  honor.  In  1895-98  he 
was  president  of  the  Newton,  Langhorne  and  Bristol  street  railway 
company ;  and  for  a  number  of  years  was  president  of  the  Lang 
horne  Library  association.  In  1900  he  was  appointed  receiver  of 
the  Washington  and  Potomac  railroad  company.  He  is  now  presi 
dent  of  the  Washington,  Potomac  and  Chesapeake  railroad  com 
pany  ;  director  of  the  Bucks  County  Trust  company ;  president  of 
the  People's  national  bank  of  Langhorne;  director  of  the  Phila 
delphia  company  for  mortgages;  and  a  prominent  factor  in  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  his  state. 

Watson,  James  E.,  United  States  congressman  from  Indiana, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1864,  in  Winchester,  Ind.  He  is  a  noted  lawyer 
of  Rushville,  Ind.  He  was  president  of  the  state  Epworth  league 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1892-93.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh  and  fifty-eighth  and 
fifty-ninth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixtieth  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Indiana  for  the  term 
of  1907-09 ;  and  resides  in  Rushville,  Ind. 

Watt,  David  Alexander,  civil  engineer,  author,  was  born  Dec. 
27,  1865,  in  Maidstone,  England.  He  has  been  engaged  principally 
on  the  design  and  construction  of  locks  and  dams  and  other  river 
improvements  in  the  Ohio  valley  and  elsewhere  as  United  States 
assistant  engineer. 

Weadock,  Thomas  A.  E.,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  Jan. 
1, 1850,  in  Ireland.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Bay  county,  and  served  till  1879.  He  was  mayor  of  Bay  City 
from  1883  to  1885 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  education 
of  Bay  City  for  a  short  time.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second 
and  fifty-third  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  now  practices  law 
in  Detroit,  Mich.  His  son,  Thomas  J.  Weadock,  practices  with 
him ;  and  resides  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

Weaver,  James  B.,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born  June 
12,  1833,  in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  entered  the  union  army  in  1861  as 
a  private,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel  and  brevet  brigadier- 
general.  He  was  elected  district  attorney  of  the  second  judicial 
district  of  Iowa  in  1866;  and  was  appointed  assessor  of  internal 
revenue  in  1867.  In  1879-81  and  1885-87  he  was  a  representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  395 

In  1880  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  national  party  for  the  presi 
dency  of  the  United  States;  and  in  1892  was  again  a  candidate 
of  the  populist  party  for  the  presidency  of  the  United  States. 

Weaver,  James  Riley,  soldier,  educator,  diplomat,  was  born 
Oct.  21,  1839,  in  Youngstown,  Pa.  He  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  in  the  Normal  school  academy,  and  Allegheny  college,  from 
which  latter  institution  he  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M. ; 
and  in  1866  was  given  the  degree  of  S.T.B.  by  the  Garrett  Biblical 
institute  of  Evanston,  111.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the 
union  army  as  lieutenant  in  company  C,  eighteenth  regiment  Penn 
sylvania  cavalry;  was  made  a  prisoner  of  war;  was  confined  in 
Libby  prison  and  other  prisons  for  nearly  two  years;  and  was 
brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers.  In  1869-70  he  was  con 
sul  in  Italy ;  in  1870-79  consul  at  Antwerp,  Belgium ;  and  consul- 
general  at  Vienna,  Austria,  during  1879-85.  He  was  professor  of 
mathematics  and  military  science  during  1866-69  in  the  West  Vir 
ginia  university;  and  since  1885  has  been  in  succession  professor 
of  modern  languages,  history  and  political  philosophy,  and  politi 
cal  science  in  the  De  Pauw  university  of  Greencastle,  Ind.  He 
has  written  and  lectured  extensively  on  economic,  political  and 
social  subjects.  He  is  the  author  of  Syllabuses  on  Constitutional 
History;  Economics  and  Banking;  International  Law;  Sociology 
and  Its  Application;  Socialism  and  Social  Reform;  and  other 
works ;  and  resides  in  Greencastle,  Ind. 

Webber,  Wilber  Hoag,  postmaster  Lampasas,  Tex.,  was  born 
Oct.  3,  1838,  near  Fowlerville,  N.Y.  He  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  New  York  and  Michigan.  In  1861-64  he 
served  in  the  civil  war  in  the  sixth  regiment  Michigan  infantry. 
In  1866-83  he  lived  in  Louisiana ;  and  since  1883  in  Lampasas,  Tex. 
For  thirty-five  years  he  has  written  for  the  press,  including  the 
Philadelphia  Times,  New  York  Tribune,  Chicago  Ledger,  Globe- 
Democrat  of  St.  Louis ;  and  under  contract  for  several  years  wrote 
short  stories  of  the  war  for  the  Chicago  Newspaper  union.  He 
has  been  principally  engaged  in  the  carpenter  and  builder's  trade ; 
and  is  now  serving  his  third  term  as  postmaster  of  Lampasas,  Tex. 

Weisse,  Faneuil  Dunkin,  physician,  founder,  author,  was  born 
Aug.  27,  1842,  in  Watertown,  Mass.  In  1864  he  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  university  City  of  New  York.  In 
1865-74  he  was  professor  and  surgeon  of  pathology  and  in  1876-88 
was  professor  of  practical  and  surgical  anatomy  in  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  City  of  New  York.  Since  1865  he  has 
also  been  professor  of  anatomy,  surgical  pathology  and  oral  sur 
gery  in  the  New  York  college  of  dentistry;  and  since  1897  has 
been  its  dean.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  New  York  dermatologi- 
cal  society.  He  is  the  author  of  Practical  Human  Anatomy. 


396  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Wellington,  George  L.,  congressman,  United  States  senator,  was 
born  Jan.  28,  1852,  in  Cumberland,  Md.  He  was  appointed  treas 
urer  of  Allegany  county,  Md.,  in  1882,  and  served  until  1888 ;  and 
was  again  appointed  in  1890.  lie  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
republican  conventions  of  1884  and  1888.  He  was  appointed 
assistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Baltimore  in  1890 ;  and 
was  nominated  for  congress  by  the  republicans  of  the  sixth  con 
gressional  district  in  1892.  He  was  renominated  in  1894  and 
elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress ;  and  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate. 

Wentworth,  George  Albert,  author,  educator,  was  born  July 
31,  1835,  in  Wakefield,  N.H.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at  the 
Philips  Exeter  academy,  and  in  1858  graduated  from  Harvard 
college.  For  thirty-three  years  he  was  professor  of  mathematics 
in  the  Philips  Exeter  academy,  resigning  that  position  in  1891. 
He  is  best  known  as  the  author  of  a  series  of  text  books  in  mathe 
matics,  which  are  used  in  the  public  schools  and  colleges  of  every 
state  and  territory  of  the  United  States ;  and  are  also  extensively 
used  in  Japan,  British  India,  Canada  and  other  countries  where 
the  English  language  is  taught. 

Westhafer,  Francis  M.,  surveyor,  educator,  clergyman,  was 
born  Jan.  12,  1850,  in  Tracy,  Ohio.  He  received  an  academic  edu 
cation,  and  took  special  work  in  an  Illinois  normal  and  the  Moore's 
Hill  college.  He  has  been  a  surveyor,  county  school  superinten 
dent  and  a  professor  in  the  Moore 's  Hill  college.  He  has  attained 
eminence  as  a  successful  clergyman  of  the  methodist  episcopal 
church  in  the  Indiana  conference.  He  has  contributed  extensively 
to  current  publications  on  educational  and  religious  topics. 

Wetmore,  George  Feabody,  United  States  senator  from  Rhode 
Island,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1846,  in  London,  England.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  Rhode  Island  and  of  New  York  in  1869 ;  is  a 
trustee  of  the  Peabody  museum  of  natural  history  in  Yale  uni 
versity;  is  a  trustee  of  the  Peabody  education  fund,  president  of 
the  Newport  hospital,  and  a  director  of  other  associations.  He 
was  first  presidential  elector  of  Rhode  Island  in  1880  and  in  1884; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  committee  to  receive  the  representatives 
of  France  on  the  occasion  of  their  visit  to  Rhode  Island  in  1881, 
and  as  a  member  of  the  commission  to  build  a  new  state  house. 
±le  was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1885-86,  and  1886-87.  He 
was  elected  to  the  senate  in  1894.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  United 
States  senate ;  and  resides  in  Newport,  R.I. 

Wever,  John  Madison,  soldier,  banker,  congressman,  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1847,  in  Ganges,  Mich.  He  served  in  the  army  of  the 
Cumberland  and  the  army  of  the  Ohio.  At  the  close  of  the  civil 
war  he  located  in  New  York  state ;  and  entered  into  the  banking 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  397 

business,  in  which  business  he  has  since  continued.  He  was  elected 
county  treasurer  of  Clinton  county  in  1884  and  re-elected  in  1887. 
In  1891-95  he  was  a  representative  to  the  fifty-second  and  fifty- 
third  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  is  now  president  of  the 
Merchants  national  bank  of  Plattsburg,  N.Y. 

Wheaton,  Charles,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  May  29,  1829, 
in  Warren,  R.I.  He  received  his  education  in  the  academies,  and 
afterward  attended  Trinity  college  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  from 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  1849.  In  1864  he  served  with 
distinction  as  mayor  of  the  city  of  Aurora,  111. ;  and  during  1868-72 
was  supervisor  of  that  city.  In  1869-70  he  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  of  Illinois :  has  taken  a  prominent  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state,  and  has  gained 
prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Illinois. 

Wheeler,  John  Wilson,  manufacturer,  banker,  founder,  was 
born  Nov.  20,  1832,  in  Orange,  Mass.  He  learned  the  carpenters' 
trade ;  and  in  1856  entered  the  general  store  of  Daniel  Pomeroy 
of  Orange,  Mass. ;  and  three  years  later  he  became  proprietor.  In 
1867  he  became  connected  with  the  business  of  manufacturing 
sewing  machines;  and  in  1869  the  name  of  the  corporation  be 
came  the  Gold  Medal  sewing  machine  company;  of  which  he  was 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Since  1882  the  name  of  this  corporation 
has  been  known  as  the  New  Home  sewing  machine  companj^  of 
Orange,  Mass. ;  ho  was  its  vice-president,  secretary  and  treasurer 
until  1898,  when  he  was  appointed  president.  He  is  president  of 
the  Orange  national  bank;  is  president  of  the  Leavett  machine 
company ;  and  for  many  years  was  president  of  the  Orange  board 
of  trade. 

Whistler,  Garland  Nelson,  lieutenant-colonel  United  States 
army,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1847,  in  Schenectady,  N.Y.  He  was 
educated  at  College  Hill,  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. ;  and  is  the  son  of 
General  J.  N.  G.  Whistler  of  the  United  States  army.  In  1867  he 
became  second  lieutenant  in  the  fifth  artillery  :  and  in  1874  became 
first  lieutenant.  In  1898  he  was  made  captain  of  the  first  artillery ; 
transferred  to  the  fifth  artillery  the  same  year;  served  in  the 
Spanish-American  war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  major.  In  1901 
he  was  transferred  to  the  artillery  corps ;  became  lieutenant- 
colonel;  and  commanded  the  artillery  district  of  New  London. 
In  1907  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  in  the  coast  artillery  in  the 
United  States  army ;  and  is  in  command  of  the  eastern  artillery 
district  of  New  York :  and  is  commandant  of  the  School  of  Sub 
marine  Defense  at  Fort  Paten,  N.Y. 

Whiting,  Vinson  M.,  educator,  lawyer,  stockman,  statesman, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1855.  in  Red  Boiling  Springs,  Tenn.  He 
taught  school  for  ten  years  in  1873-83 ;  and  in  1883-87  was  in  the 


398  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

circuit  court  clerk's  office  of  Macon  county,  Term.  Since  1886 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Red  Boiling 
Springs,  Tenn ;  in  1893  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee 
state  legislature;  and  has  held  various  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor. 

Whitaker,  Herbert  C.,  educator,  mathematician,  inventor,  au 
thor,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1862,  at  Cape  May,  N.J.  Since  1888  he 
has  been  professor  of  mathematics  at  the  Central  manual  train 
ing  high  school  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  is  the  author  of  Text 
book  on  Trigonometry;  and  of  numerous  magazine  articles  on 
economics,  astronomy  and  mathematics. 

White,  Henry  Kirk,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1865,  in  Afton, 
Va.,  in  sight  of  Stratford,  the  home  of  the  Lees,  and  not  far 
from  Wakefield,  the  birthplace  of  Washington.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  in  the  university  of  Texas,  and  in  1887  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  Birmingham,  Ala.,  and  has  since 
attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south. 

White,  Israel  Charles,  geologist,  author,  was  born  Nov.  1,  1848, 
in  Monongalia  county,  W.Va.  He  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
geology  in  the  West  Virginia  university  in  1877.  He  was  the 
first  to  apply  the  anticlinal  idea  to  the  successful  location  of  nat 
ural  gas  and  oil  wells,  and  announced  his  theory  in  1885.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  nine  volumes  of  the  reports  of  the  geological 
survey  of  Pennsylvania. 

White,  John  Blake,  physician,  author,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1850, 
in  Charleston,  S.C.  For  eight  years  he  was  sanitary  inspector; 
for  fourteen  years  visiting  physician  to  the  New  York  charity 
hospital ;  and  a  lecturer  to  the  post-graduate  medical  college, 
He  is  the  author  of  numerous  medical  and  surgical  papers. 

White,  John  C.,  lawyer,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1845.  in  Madison 
county,  Fla.  He  has  attained  success  at  the  bar  of  Florida  at 
Tampa.  His  father  was  Stephen  R.  White,  the  first  sheriff  of 
Taylor  county,  Fla. ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  leg 
islature  in  1860. 

White,  John  Staples,  lawyer,  lecturer,  author,  was  born  Oct. 
27,  1838,  in  Portland,  Maine.  He  is  the  author  of  Humanics, 
a  philosophical  and  conservative  criticism  on  men  and  manners; 
and  much  other  literary  matter — social,  political  and  religious. 
A  lawyer  by  profession,  he  has  attained  a  wide  reputation  as  an 
able  and  progressive  writer  and  thinker. 

White,  John  Williams,  educator,  author,  was  born  March  5, 
1849,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  a  professor  of  Greek  at  Har 
vard  university  from  1877;  and  the  author  of  Greek  and  Latin 
at  Sight;  First  Lessons  in  Greek;  The  Beginner's  Greek  Book; 
and  An  Illustrated  Dictionary  to  Xenophon's  Anabasis. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  399 

White,  William  J.,  agriculturist,  banker,  manufacturer,  con 
gressman,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1850,  in  Canada.  He  owns  large 
vessel  interests,  and  is  interested  largely  in  banking,  farming, 
stock-raising  and  various  other  business  enterprises.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  West  Cleveland  as  a  republican  in  1889 ;  and  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  republican;  and  resides 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Whitelock,  William  Wallace,  litterateur,  author,  was  born 
April  1,  1869,  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Wash.  He  was  chief  yeoman 
on  board  the  Gloucester  during  the  Spanish-American  war.  He 
is  the  author  of  W^hen  the  Heart  is  Young;  The  Literary  Guil 
lotine  ;  Just  Love  Songs ;  Foregone  Verses ;  and  When  Kings  Go 
Forth  to  Battle. 

Whitney,  Mary  Watson,  astronomer,  was  born  Sept.  11,  1847, 
in  Waltham,  Mass.  In  1868  she  graduated  from  Vassar  college; 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution;  and  in  1874-76 
studied  at  the  university  of  Zurich.  In  1881  she  became  as 
sistant  to  Professor  Maria  Mitchell ;  and  since  1889  has  been  pro 
fessor  of  astronomy  and  director  of  the  observatory  at  Vassar 
college.  She  is  the  author  of  numerous  monographs  and  articles 
in  astronomical  journals  and  other  publications. 

Whitney,  Milton  Burrall,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Oct.  6, 
1825,  in  Granville,  Mass.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city;  was  fitted  for 
college,  with  Rev.  Dr.  Timothy  M.  Cooley;  graduated  from  Wil 
liams  college  in  1849;  and  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Springfield, 
Mass.,  in  1853.  In  1862-63  he  served  as  Massachusetts  state  sen 
ator  from  western  Hampden  district,  serving  on  several  import 
ant  committees.  In  1868  he  was  presidential  elector ;  in  1880  was 
a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention;  and  during 
1881-97  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state  board  of  edu 
cation.  He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  New  England ;  and 
resides  in  Westfield,  Mass. 

Whittemore,  Henry  C.,  member  board  of  trustees  state  home 
for  juvenile  offenders  of  Illinois,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1841,  in  Au 
burn,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Sycamore,  111.  He  is  a  successful  hardware  merchant  and 
business  man  of  Sycamore,  111. ;  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  He  has  been  super 
visor  of  Sycamore  township ;  was  a  representative  in  the  thirty- 
fourth  general  assembly  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature ;  and  has 
filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state  home  for  juvenile  offenders 
of  Illinois;  and  resides  in  Sycamore,  111. 


400  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Wickham,  Charles  Preston,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  congress 
man,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1836,  in  Norwalk,  Ohio.  He  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  company  D,  fifty-fifth  regiment  Ohio  volunteers; 
and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  captain,  major  and  lieu 
tenant -colonel.  While  a  major  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  by  brevet,  by  the  president,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  He  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Norwalk;  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in  1866 
and  reelected  in  1868.  He  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  of  the  fourth  judicial  district  in  1880,  and  re- 
elected  in  1885  as  a  republican.  In  1887-91  he  was  a  represen 
tative  to  the  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  republican. 

Wickersham,  William  Howard,  state  representative  of  Cali 
fornia,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1872,  in  Media,  Pa.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. ;  and  also 
studied  under  private  tutors.  He  is  manager  of  The  Morgan 
Oyster  company  of  San  Pedro,  Cal. ;  and  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  He  has  been 
school  trustee  for  the  city  of  San  Pedro ;  and  has  filled  various 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  a  representative  in  the 
California  state  legislature;  and  resides  in  San  Pedro,  Cal. 

Wickham,  Henry  Taylor,  lawyer,  state  senator,  was  born  Dec. 
17,  1849,  in  Hickory  Hill,  Va.  Since  1870  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Richmond,  Va. :  and  has  been  attorney,  counselor  and  receiver 
for  several  corporations.  In  1888  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  state  senate ;  and  in  1890  was  a  mover  of  the  state  resolu 
tion  under  which  the  Virginia  state  debt  was  settled  on  the  pres 
ent  basis.  He  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  farmers  in  Virginia. 

Widener,  Howard  H.,  educator,  lawyer,  public  official,  was 
born  May  6,  1860,  in  Chili,  N.Y.  In  1879  he  graduated  from  the 
Chili  seminary,  and  for  four  years  was  engaged  in  educational 
work.  In  1885  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  has  attained 
prominence  as  an  able  lawyer  at  Rochester,  N.Y.  For  ten  years 
he  has  been  first  assistant  district  attorney  of  Monroe  county 
and  has  represented  the  people  in  many  important  criminal  cases 
on  trial  and  in  the  higher  courts.  He  practices  generally  in  all 
the  state  courts.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in 
politics,  and  is  connected  with  various  associations  and  business 
enterprises;  and  resides  in  Rochester,  N.Y. 

Wilbur,  Curtis  D.,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  May  10,  1867,  in 
Boonesboro,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  at  the  United  States  naval 
academy;  and  in  1888  graduated  from  that  institution.  He  has 
been  chief  deputy  and  district  attorney  of  Los  Angeles  county, 
Cal. ;  and  judge,  juvenile  court  department,  of  the  superior  court. 
Since  1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  California ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  401 

is  now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 

Wildman,  Edwin,  journalist,  diplomat,  author,  was  born  May 
9,  1867,  in  Corning,  N.Y.  In  1897  he  was  vice  and  deputy  consul 
general  at  Hongkong,  China.  In  1898-1900  he  was  special  war 
correspondent  in  the  Philippines ;  and  in  1900-01  was  special  war 
correspondent  in  China  for  the  Hearst  newspaper;  and  later 
for  the  New  York  World  and  the  Outing  Magazine.  He  is  the 
author  of  Aguinaldo,  a  Narrative  of  Fillipino  Ambitions. 

Willard,  Julius  Terrass,  chemist,  scientist,  was  born  April  9, 
1862,  in  Wabaunsee,  Kan.  Since  1901  he  has  been  professor  of 
chemistry  in  the  Kansas  state  agricultural  college ;  and  is  a  vice- 
director  and  chemist  of  the  agricultural  experiment  station  of 
that  institution.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  bulletin  books  and 
pamphlets  for  class  use. 

Willcox,  William  R.,  postmaster  of  New  York  city,  was  born 
in  1863  in  Smyrna,  Chenango  county,  N.Y.  He  was  educated  at  the 
state  normal  school  at  Brockport,  N.Y. ;  and  at  the  university  of 
Rochester.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession;  and  in  1901-03  was 
president  of  the  park  board  of  New  York  city.  Since  1905  he  has 
been  postmaster  of  New  York  city;  and  resides  in  New  York 
city. 

Williams.  Allie  Walter,  assistant  surgeon  United  States  army, 
was  born  Jan.  28,  1872.  in  Columbus,  Ga.  He  received  his  medical 
education  at  the  Bellevue  hospital  medical  college;  and  soon 
attained  success  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  1898-1901  he 
was  acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army;  since 
1901  he  has  been  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  army; 
and  is  now  stationed  at  Manila,  P.T. 

Williams.  Charles  Lewis,  banker,  was  born  April  4,  1869,  in 
Carrollton,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  Illinois.  For  many  years  he  has  been  identified  with 
business  and  financial  affairs;  has  been  engaged  in  all  branches  of 
banking :  and  now  is  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  San  Diego,  Cal.  For  several  years  he  was  connected  with  the 
Bank  of  commerce  of  San  Diego,  Cal.,  is  now  cashier  of  the 
American  National  bank  of  that  city  :  and  filled  various  other  po 
sitions  of  trust  and  honor. 

Williams.  Constant,  brigadier-general  United  States  army, 
was  born  in  1843  in  Pennsvlvania.  In  1861-62  he  served  in  the 
civil  war  in  the  Pennsvlvania  volunteers :  and  in  1 863  enlisted  in 
the  regular  armv.  He  was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the 
seventh  United  States  infantry;  and  in  1864  was  made  first  lieu 
tenant.  In  1873  he  became  captain;  in  1897  was  promoted  to  ma 
jor:  in  1899  became  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  fifteenth  infantry; 


402  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  in  1901  was  promoted  to  colonel  of  the  twenty-sixth  infantry. 
In  1877  he  received  the  brevet  of  major  for  gallant  service  in 
action  against  the  Indians  at  the  Big  Hole,  Montana,  where  he 
was  twice  wounded.  In  1904  he  was  promoted  to  brigadier-gen 
eral  in  the  United  States  army ;  and  is  stationed  at  Denver,  Colo., 
commanding  the  department  of  the  Colorado. 

Williams,  Oscar  Waldo,  lawyer,  jurist,  historian,  was  born 
March  17,  1853,  in  Mt.  Vernon,  Ky.  In  1876  he  graduated  from 
the  law  school  of  Harvard  university;  and  has  since  attained 
prominence  at  the  bar  in  Texas  at  Fort  Stockton.  For  ten 
years  he  has  been  county  judge  of  Pecos  county,  Texas ;  and  has 
filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  in 
terested  in  early  Texas  history  and  is  a  fellow  of  the  Texas  his 
torical  association. 

Williams,  Robert  Willoughby,  lawyer,  public  official,  was  born 
Feb.  21,  1845,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He  received  his  education  at 
the  university  of  North  Carolina,  and  has  attained  success  as  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  south  in  Tallahassee,  the  city  of 
his  nativity.  He  has  filled  various  civil  and  military  offices  with 
distinction,  and  is  now  commissioner  on  uniform  state  laws  for 
the  state  of  Florida,  and  a  member  of  the  congress  of  state 
commissioners. 

Williams,  Roger  Butler,  manufacturer,  banker,  was  born  May 
8,  1848,  in  Ithaca,  N.Y.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  in  1868  graduated 
from  Yale  college.  He  is  the  senior  member  of  Williams  Brothers, 
successful  manufacturers  of  agricultural  implements  and  ma 
chinery  of  Ithaca,  N.Y.  He  has  been  cashier  of  the  Merchants' 
and  Farmers'  National  bank  of  Ithaca;  president  of  the  Ithaca 
Savings  bank;  president  of  the  board  of  education;  chairman  of 
the  board  of  sewer  commissioners;  besides  filling  various  other 
public  positions  of  honor  with  distinction.  He  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  political  affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state,  and  is 
prominent  in  several  fraternal  orders. 

Willis,  Henry  Augustus,  soldier,  banker,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1830,  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  In  1862-63  he  served  in  the  civil  war 
as  adjunct  of  the  fifty-third  regiment  Massachusetts  volunteer 
infantry.  Since  1873  he  has  been  president  of  the  Rollstone  bank 
of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Fitchburg  and 
Leominster  street  railway  company;  and  a  director  of  several 
successful  manufacturing  concerns.  In  1866  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Massachusetts  state  legislature ;  in  1873  was  president 
of  the  common  council  of  Fitchburg ;  and  for  seventeen  years  up 
to  1900  was  treasurer  of  that  city.  In  1863  he  became  a  trustee 
of  the  public  library;  and  since  1890  has  been  chairman  of  its 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  403 

board ;  and  in  1890-1902  was  president  of  the  Fitchburg  historical 
society.  Since  1861  he  has  also  been  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

Willoughby,  Hugh  Laussat,  yachtsman,  scientist,  aeronaut, 
author,  was  born  in  1856,  in  Solitude,  N.Y.  He  graduated  from 
the  engineering  department  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  graduated  from  the  United  States  naval  war  college.  He  is 
the  first  champion  all  around  athlete  of  the  university  of  Penn 
sylvania;  winner  of  the  Pennsylvania  first  intercollegiate  cup; 
and  the  first  man  to  wear  the  red  of  blue.  In  1879  he  organized 
the  third  bicycle  club  in  America ;  and  was  one  of  the  organizers 
and  the  first  treasurer  of  the  League  of  American  wheelmen. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  yacht  club ;  a  founder  and  mem 
ber  of  the  Aero  club  of  America;  a  member  of  the  international 
aeroplane  club;  a  member  of  the  National  geographic  society; 
and  a  member  of  the  academy  of  natural  science.  He  organized 
and  commanded  the  Rhode  Island  naval  reserve  for  three  years. 
He  is  the  author  of  Across  the  Everglades. 

Willson,  Augustus  Everett,  governor  of  the  state  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1846,  in  Maysville,  Ky.  He  received  his  pre 
paratory  education  at  Alfred  university ;  in  1869  graduated  from 
Harvard  college  where  he  subsequently  received  the  degree  of 
A.M. ;  and  studied  law  in  the  Harvard  law  school  and  at  Boston 
and  Louisville.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  and  is  a  member  of 
the  republican  party.  In  1875-76  he  was  chief  clerk  in  the  United 
States  treasury  department ;  in  1884,  1886,  1888  and  1892  was  a 
republican  nominee  for  congress.  In  1884,  1888,  1892  and  1904 
he  was  a  delegate  from  the  fifth  district  of  Kentucky  to  the  re 
publican  national  conventions.  He  is  governor  of  the  state  of 
Kentucky;  is  serving  his  first  term  of  1907-11;  and  resides  in 
Frankfort,  Ky. 

Wilson,  George  West,  journalist,  founder,  public  official,  was 
born  May  10,  1859,  in  Boone  county,  Ky.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  and  under  private  instructors;  his  principal 
instructor  being  professor  Todd,  brother-in-law  of  Lincoln.  He 
received  the  nomination  for  the  state  legislature ;  has  always  been 
an  ardent  political  worker;  and  in  1881  founded  The  Orange 
Lake  Floridan.  In  1897  he  took  charge  of  the  Florida  Citizen, 
which  the  same  year  was  consolidated  with  the  Times-Union.  He 
is  president  and  editor  of  the  Florida  Times-Union,  now  one  of 
the  leading  daily  newspapers  in  Florida.  For  three  years  he 
was  president  of  the  Semi-Tropical  exposition;  in  1889  was  com 
missioner  to  the  Paris  exposition;  and  six  years  was  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  University  of  Florida.  He  was  col 
lector  of  internal  revenue  under  president  Cleveland :  and  in  1892 


404  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

was  chairman  of  the  Florida  democratic  state  committee  cam 
paign. 

Wilson,  Gustavus  James  Nash,  soldier,  educator,  was  born 
Oct.  16,  1827,  in  Harmony  Grove,  Ga.  Since  his  youth  he  has 
been  principally  engaged  in  educational  work,  and  was  associated 
with  some  of  the  most  successful  instituions  of  learning  in  Jack 
son  county  in  ante-bellum  days.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the 
confederate  army  as  an  officer  in  company  E,  thirty-fourth  Geor 
gia  regiment.  For  nearly  ten  years  subsequent  to  the  war  he 
devoted  most  of  his  time  to  mechanics  and  machinery,  but  in 
1871  he  was  elected  county  superintendent  of  schools,  which  posi 
tion  he  has  filled  for  twenty-eight  years.  He  is  prominent  in  pub 
lic  affairs ;  owns  one  of  the  largest  private  libraries  in  the  state  of 
Georgia,  and  resides  in  his  native  county  at  Jefferson,  in  a  beau 
tiful  residence  built  by  himself;  and  resides  in  Jefferson,  Ga. 

Winborne,  Benjamin  Brodie,  state  representative  of  North 
Carolina,  was  born  April  14,  1854,  in  Hertford  county,  N.C.  He 
was  educated  at  Buckhorn  academy  of  Hertford  county,  N.C. ; 
attended  Wake  Forest  college  of  North  Carolina ;  and  graduated 
from  Columbian  university  of  Washington,  D.C.  He  has  been 
solicitor  and  judge;  and  in  1895-1907  was  a  representative  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  legislature  and  chairman  of  the  judiciary 
committee.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic  conven 
tion  that  first  nominated  William  Jennings  Bryan  for  president ; 
and  declined  to  accept  nomination  for  congress  in  1896.  Since 
1895  he  has  been  a  representative  in  the  North  Carolina  state  leg 
islature  ;  and  resides  in  Murfreesboro,  N.C. 

Windmuller,  Louis,  merchant,  banker,  political  economist,  was 
born  in  1835  in  Munster.  He  is  a  treasurer  of  the  Legal  aid 
society,  which  furnishes  gratuitous  legal  advice  to  helpless 
strangers:  and  since  1889  has  also  been  treasurer  of  the  Reform 
club  of  New  York  city.  He  is  president  of  the  Maiden  Lane  sav 
ings  bank  and  other  corporations.  He  has  written  monographs 
on  divers  questions  of  political  economy;  and  is  the  author  of  A 
Plea  for  Parks,  How  to  Shield  Our  Birds,  and  various  other  ar 
ticles  on  municipal  affairs  which  have  been  published  in  the 
Forum,  Review  of  Reviews.  North  American  Review  and  va 
rious  other  standard  publications.  He  is  a  collector  of  books  and 
pictures ;  and  a  life  member  of  the  New  York  historical  society. 

Wing,  George  Clary,  lawyer,  was  born  April  4,  1848.  in  Bloom- 
field,  Ohio.  He  received  his  preparatory  education  at  Phillips 
academy  of  Auburn,  Mass. ;  graduated,  in  course,  from  Harvard 
college  in  1871  with  the  degree  of  A.B. ;  and  in  1873  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  Georgetown  university  with  the 
degree  of  LL.B.  He  became  chief  clerk  of  the  United  States  de- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUKY  405 

partment  of  justice  at  Washington,  D.C. ;  from  1879-83  was  at 
torney  for  the  government  in  the  defense  of  suit  in  the  court  of 
claims;  thereafter  was  chief  of  the  diplomatic  bureau  of  the 
United  States  department  of  state  until  1884;  since  which  time 
he  has  practiced  law  with  success  in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Winslow,  William  Copley,  journalist,  lecturer,  genealogist,  au 
thor,  was  born  Jan.  13,  1840,  in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Boston  latin  school;  in  1862  he  graduated  from  Hamilton 
college ;  and  in  1865  he  graduated  from  the  General  theological 
seminary  of  New  York  city.  In  1862-63  he  was  assistant  editor 
of  the  New  York  World ;  and  in  1864  was  managing  editor  of  The 
Christian  Times.  He  was  rector  at  Lee,  Mass. ;  and  for  thirteen 
years  was  executive  secretary  of  the  Free  press  association;  and 
is  also  on  the  executive  committee  of  the  institute  of  civics  and 
other  bodies.  In  1883  he  founded  the  American  branch  of  the 
Egypt  exploration  fund;  and  is  its  executive  head  and  secretary. 
He  is  the  author  of  Israel  in  Egpyt;  The  Stone  City  of  Pithom; 
A  Greek  City  in  Egypt ;  Explorations  at  Zoan ;  The  Identification 
of  Awaris;  The  Pilgrim  Father  in  England;  Governor  Edward 
Winslow  of  Plymouth  Colony,  and  other  works. 

Winters,  David  Chevalier,  member  territorial  council  of  New 
Mexico,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1854,  in  Parkersburg,  W.Va.  He  was 
educated  at  Palmyra,  Mo.;  and  at  St.  Paul's  college.  He  is  a 
druggist  by  profession ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  busi 
ness  and  public  affairs  of  Las  Vegas,  N.M.  He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  on  the  governor's  staff;  president  of  the  school  board  of  Las 
Vegas ;  a  member  board  of  asylum  directors ;  and  a  member  of  the 
territorial  republican  central  committee.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  territorial  council  of  New  Mexico  for  the  counties  of  San 
Miguel,  Leonard  Wood  and  Quay ;  and  resides  in  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 
Winters,  Peter  Charles,  educator,  clergyman,  was  born  March 
31,  1863,  in  Friendsville,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  Binghamp- 
ton  high  school,  Niagara  university,  and  St.  Mary's  Seminary  of 
Baltimore,  Md.  Early  in  life  he  clerked  in  his  father's  country 
store;  and  for  several  years  taught  school.  Since  1889  he  has 
been  a  clergyman  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  served  two  years 
as  assistant  at  St.  Peter's  Cathedral  of  Scranton,  Pa.;  and  for 
eight  years  at  St.  Vincent's  church  of  Plymouth,  Pa.  Since  1899 
he  has  been  rector  of  St.  Philomena's  church  of  Hawley,  Wayne 
county,  Pa.  During  his  pastorate  in  Hawley  he  has  built  and  paid 
for  a  brick  and  stone  church  at  a  cost  of  thirty  thousand  dollars. 
Wise,  Leo  Henry,  railroad  president,  capitalist,  was  born  April 
23,  1862,  in  Maryland.  He  was  educated  in  the  public,  private 
and  collegiate  schools  of  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  president  and 
director  of  the  Colonial  assurance  company ;  president  and  direc- 


406  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tor  of  the  Glenville  land  company ;  vice-president  and  director  of 
the  Rutland  railroad;  and  vice-president  and  director  of  the 
Light  and  power  company ;  but  has  now  retired  from  active  busi 
ness.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Advisory  committee  of  the  American 
Lloyds  and  also  the  Great  Western  Lloyds,  underwriters ;  is  a  di 
rector  of  Converse  and  company;  and  one  of  the  firm  of  Wise 
brothers  of  New  York  city. 

Wistar,  Isaac  Jones,  soldier,  lawyer,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1827, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  entered  the  national  army  in  1861  as  a 
captain  in  a  regiment  of  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  served  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  was  commissioned  brigadier-general 
of  volunteers.  After  the  war  he  resumed  practice,  and  is  now 
president  of  a  canal  company  and  several  coal  companies  in  Penn- 
slyvania. 

Wittich,  W.  L.,  soldier,  merchant,  manufacturer,  exporter,  was 
born  Jan.  16,  1847,  in  Madison,  Ga.  In  1862  he  entered  the  con 
federate  service  in  the  civil  war  as  private  of  company  E,  fifty- 
sixth  Alabama  regiment.  He  was  one  of  President  Davis'  escort 
from  Greensboro,  N.C.,  to  Washington  guard;  and  was  guard  at 
the  last  meeting  of  the  confederate  cabinet.  He  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war;  and  participated  in  numerous  battles  and  skir 
mishes.  He  is  a  successful  timber  and  lumber  merchant,  manufac 
turer  and  exporter ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
and  public  affairs  of  the  South.  He  is  a  member  of  Ward  camp, 
number  ten  at  Pensacola,  Fla. ;  and  major-general  Florida  division 
of  the  united  and  confederate  veterans. 

Woll,  Fritz  Wilhelm,  educator,  chemist,  author,  was  born  May 
23,  1865,  in  Norway.  Since  1906  he  has  been  professor  of  agri 
cultural  chemistry  at  the  university  of  Wisconsin.  He  is  the 
author  of  Agricultural  Calender;  Dairy  Calender,  A  Handbook 
for  Farmers  and  Dairymen;  A  Book  on  Silage;  joint  author  of 
Testing  Milk  and  Its  Products,  and  translator  of  Grotenfelt's 
Principles  of  Modern  Dairy  Practice. 

Wolverton,  Simon  P.,  soldier,  lawyer,  congressman,  was  born 
Jan.  28,  1837,  in  Rush  township,  Pa.  In  1862  he  raised  a  company 
of  emergency  men,  of  which  he  was  made  captain,  and  served 
in  the  eighteenth  regiment  of  Pennsylvanian  volunteers.  In  1863 
he  was  chosen  captain  of  company  F,  thirty-sixth  regiment  Penn 
sylvania  volunteers.  In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate, 
and  was  reelected  in  1880  and  1884,  when  he  declined  further 
nomination  to  that  office.  In  1884  he  was  nominated  for  United 
States  senator  by  the  democrats  of  both  houses,  and  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-third  congress  as  a  democrat.  He  declined  further 
nomination  for  congress;  and  resides  in  Sunbury,  Pa. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUEY  407 

Wood,  Casey  Albert,  physician,  oculist,  author,  was  born  Nov. 
21,  1856,  in  Canada.  In  1877-1901  he  practiced  medicine  in  Mon 
treal,  Canada;  and  now  practices  his  profession  in  Chicago, 
111.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Chicago  ophthalmological  so 
ciety.  He  is  the  author  of  several  text-books  on  diseases  of  the 
eye. 

Wood,  Leonard,  major-general  United  States  army,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  1860,  in  Winchester,  N.H.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Massachusetts;  attended  the  Pierce  academy  of  Mid- 
dleboro,  Mass.;  graduated  from  the  medical  schools  of  Harvard 
university  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.D.  and  L.L.D.  In 
1886-91  he  was  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United 
States  army ;  and  in  1891-1901  was  captain  and  assistant  surgeon. 
In  1898  he  was  colonel  of  the  first  United  States  volunteer  cavalry ; 
and  in  the  same  year  become  brigadier-general  United  States  vol 
unteer  cavalry;  and  in  the  same  year  became  brigadier-general 
United  States  volunteers,  and  in  1898-99  was  major-general  United 
States  volunteers.  Since  1903  he  has  been  major-general  United 
States  army.  He  served  as  medical  and  line  officer  in  Lawton's 
Expedition  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  Geronimo,  the  Apa 
che  chief;  and  served  against  the  hostile  Indians  in  Arizona 
and  Mexico.  During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  commanded 
a  regiment  in  the  Las  Guasimas  fight;  and  was  in  the  battle  of 
Santiago.  He  was  appointed  governor  of  Santiago  de  Cuba ;  and 
in  1899-1902  was  governor-general  of  Cuba.  In  1903-06  he  was 
governor  of  the  Moro  Providence,  P.I. ;  and  commanding-general 
department  of  Mindanao;  and  since  1900  has  been  in  command 
of  the  Philippines  division. 

Woodbury,  Nathan  F.,  member  Maine  prohibition  national 
committee,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1850,  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.  He  is 
president  of  the  Frances- Willard  Shoe  company;  and  treasurer 
of  the  Auburn-Lynn  Shoe  Co.  Since  1880  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  prohibition  national  committee,  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1908-12;  and  resides  in  Auburn,  Maine. 

Woodlee,  L.  V.,  state  senator  of  Tennessee,  was  born  Feb.  8, 
1861,  in  Tarlton,  Grundy  county,  Tenn.  He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  county ; 
and  attended  Irving  college  and  also  Wesley's  Chapel  of  War 
ren  county,  Tennessee.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  and  lawyer  of 
Altamont,  Tenn.  For  many  years  he  taught  school;  and  in  1887 
began  the  practice  of  law.  In  1888-96  he  was  back  tax  attorney 
for  Grundy  county,  Tenn. ;  and  in  1893  became  county  attorney. 
In  1890-96  he  was  county  superintendent  of  public  instruction  for 
Grundy  county,  Tenn.;  since  1893  has  been  a  member  of  the 
county  democratic  executive  committee;  and  in  1897-1904  was 


408  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

chairman  of  the  board  of  election  commissioners  for  his  county. 
In  1896-98  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Tennessee  state  legis 
lature.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state  senate  for  the 
term  of  1905-07 ;  and  resides  in  Altamont,  Tenn. 

Woodruff,  Clinton  Rogers,  lawyer,  legislator,  was  born  Dec. 
17,  1868,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1897  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  state  legislature.  He  has  been  prominent  in 
educational  and  reform  work ;  and  in  1894  was  secretary  of  the 
Philadelphia  conference  for  good  city  government. 

Woods,  Charles  Dayton,  educator,  agriculturist,  was  born 
Sept.  11,  1856,  in  Brooks,  Maine.  In  1880  he  graduated  from  the 
Wesleyan  university  of  Connecticut  with  the  degree  of  B.S.  In 
1880-83  he  was  assistant  in  chemistry  at  the  Wesleyan  university; 
in  1883-88  was  a  teacher  of  sciences  in  Wilbraham  academy;  in 
1888-96  was  chemist  and  vice-director  Storrs  agricultural  experi 
ment  station;  and  in  1896-1903  was  professor  of  agriculture  in 
the  university  of  Maine.  Since  1894  he  has  been  food  expert  in 
the  United  States  department  of  agriculture ;  and  since  1896  has 
been  director  of  the  Maine  agricultural  experiment  station.  He 
is  the  author  of  numerous  reports  and  scientific  papers. 

Woods,  William  Speer,  state  senator  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  March  3,  1861,  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa.  Since  1888  he  has 
practiced  law ;  and  in  1902  was  a  member  of  the  common  council 
of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state 
senate  for  the  term  of  1903-07;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Woodson,  Urey,  secretary  democratic  national  committee  for 
Kentucky,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1859,  in  Madisonville,  Ky.  He  is 
editor,  publisher  and  proprietor  of  The  Messenger,  a  daily  news 
paper  of  Owensboro,  Ky.  He  has  been  railroad  commissioner  for 
Kentucky;  and  in  1891  declined  an  appointment  as  secretary  of 
state  of  Kentucky.  For  eight  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  dem 
ocratic  state  central  and  executive  committees  of  Kentucky. 
Since  1896  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  democratic  national  com 
mittees  for  Kentucky;  in  1904  was  elected  secretary  and  resides 
in  Owensboro,  Ky. 

Woodward,  Samuel  Walter,  president  board  of  charities  for 
the  District  of  Columbia,  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  In  1880 
he  started  a  dry  goods  store  in  Washington  with  Alvin  Lothrop ; 
and  this  business  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the  largest  department 
stores  in  the  United  States.  He  is  president  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  association  of  Washington;  and  has  given  fifty  thou 
sand  dollars  to  advance  its  work.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Washington  board  of  trade ;  president  Realty  Appraised  and 
Agency  company ;  and  is  president  of  the  Colonial  Fire  Insurance 
company.  He  has  given  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  toward  en- 


OP  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  409 

larging  the  work  of  Calvary  Baptist  church.  He  is  president  of 
the  board  of  charities  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  resides  in 
Washington,  D.C. 

Wornall,  Thomas  J.,  state  senator  of  Missouri,  was  born  June 
28,  1865,  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.  He  was  educated  ;at  the  William 
Jewell  college  of  Liberty,  Mo.  He  has  attained  success  as  a 
farmer  and  breeder  of  short-horn  cattle.  He  has  been  director 
in  the  American  short-horn  breeders'  association;  president  of 
the  Central  short-horn  breeders'  association;  and  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  American  Koyal  live  stock  show  held  at  Kan 
sas  City,  Mo.  He  has  been  mayor  of  the  city  of  Liberty,  Mo.; 
chairman  of  the  appropriation  committee ;  and  chairman  of  the 
visiting  committee  of  all  state  institutions.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  state  senate  from  the  third  district  for  the  term  of 
1905-09 ;  and  resides  in  Liberty,  Mo. 

Worst,  John  H.,  educator,  agriculturist,  college  president, 
statesman,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1850,  in  Ashland  county,  Ohio.  He 
has  been  a  teacher,  farmer  merchant  and  editor;  and  in  1883-89 
was  county  superintendent  of  schools  for  Emmons  county,  N.D. 
In  1889-94  he  was  state  senator;  and  in  1895-97  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  North  Dakota.  Since  1895  he  has  been  president  of 
the  North  Dakota  agricultural  college. 

Wrenn,  John  Quincy,  mayor  of  Placerville,  CaL,  was  born  in 
1844  in  Westfield,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  and 
high  schools  and  medical  colleges ;  is  now  a  successful  physician 
and  surgeon  of  Placerville,  Cal. ;  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  city.  In  1888-97  he  was  su 
perintendent  of  El  Dorado  county  hospital;  is  medical  examiner 
for  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  society,  New  York  Life  Insur 
ance  company,  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company  of  New  York, 
New  England  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company,  and  other  cor 
porations.  He  is  mayor  of  the  city  of  Placerville ;  and  resides  in 
Placerville,  Cal. 

Wulling,  Frederick  John,  executive  officer  university  of  Min 
nesota,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1866,  in  New  York  city.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  high  schools  of  Carlstadt,  N.J. ;  attended  Columbia 
university,  and  graduated  from  its  academy  and  medical  depart 
ment.  He  is  the  author  of  Evolution  of  Botany ;  A  Course  in  Law ; 
and  other  works.  Since  1892  he  has  been  dean  of  faculty  and 
professor  of  pharmaceutical  chemistry  in  the  department  of  phar 
macy  of  the  university  of  Minnesota ;  and  resides  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

Wyatt,  Conway  C,,  inspector  general  rifle  practice  Mississippi 
national  guard,  was  born  in  1857  in  Ireland.  He  was  educated  at 
Trinity  college,  Dublin.  In  1876  he  entered  the  army;  has  filled 


410  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

various  grades ;  and  became  major  of  artillery.  Since  1900  he  haa 
been  inspector-general  of  rifle  practice  in  the  Mississippi  national 
guard  on  the  general  staff.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
public  and  private  affairs  of  Meridian,  Miss. 

Wyeth,  John  Allan,  surgeon,  author,  was  born  May  26,  1845, 
in  Missionary  Station,  Ala.  He  is  a  surgeon  of  New  York  city, 
founder  in  1880  of  the  New  York  Polyclinic  and  Hospital,  and  the 
first  graduate  medical  school  in  America.  In  1880-97  he  was  sur 
geon  to  Mt.  Sinai  hospital  of  New  York  city.  He  is  the  author 
of  Essays  on  Surgical  Anatomy  and  Surgery ;  Text-Book  on  Sur 
gery;  and  Life  of  General  N.  B.  Forrest. 

Yarrow,  Henry  Crecy,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born 
Nov.  19,  1840,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  1861  he  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  was  surgeon  in  the  fifth  regiment  Pennsyl 
vania  cavalry ;  and  for  thirty  years  was  acting  assistant  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  army.  He  is  the  author  of  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  Mortuary  Customs  Among  North  American  In 
dians;  and  various  biological,  medical  and  ethnological  papers. 

Yeager,  James  Martin,  clergyman,  lecturer,  college  president, 
was  born  Nov.  2,  1857,  in  Yeagerstown,  Pa.  He  attended  the 
Wyoming  seminary  and  in  1880  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan 
university,  from  which  institution  he  subsequently  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  For  two  years  he  preached  in  Carmel,  N.Y.,  then 
traveled  through  the  principal  countries  of  Europe  and  in  Pales 
tine  and  Egypt.  During  1883-84  he  filled  a  pastorate  in  Lenox, 
Mass.,  then  for  three  years  in  Rhinecliffe-on-Hudson,  N.Y.,  and 
during  1888-92  in  Hillsdale,  N.Y.,  and  since  1892  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Drew  Ladies'  seminary.  He  lectures  on  Rembles  on 
The  Continent;  Jauntings  in  the  East;  From  Blarney  Castle  to 
The  Nile ;  and  Kocks  That  Wreck. 

Young,  George  Curson,  physician,  surgeon,  author,  was  born 
in  1840  in  Wisbeach,  England.  He  was  educated  at  Rugby  and 
Eton  colleges,  and  received  his  medical  education  at  Edinburgh 
and  Leeds.  After  passing  a  term  in  Guy's  hospital  and  St.  Bar 
tholomew's,  he  made  a  tour  through  the  various  hospitals  of 
Europe.  He  next  visited  Palestine,  Egypt,  and  other  countries, 
and  in  1870  emigrated  to  the  United  States.  He  has  since  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  New  York  city,  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.,  and  is 
now  in  Washington,  N.J.  For  one  year  he  was  professor  of 
physiology  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  college  of  New  York  city. 
He  was  the  editor  of  The  Red  Cross  Knight,  and  the  past  grand 
commander  of  that  order.  He  is  the  author  of  Ancient  and  Mod 
ern  History  of  the  Order  of  Knights  Hospitallers,  in  two  volumes  j 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTUBY  411 

Therapeutics  in  Nature;  Physiology  for  the  People,  and  various 
medical  and  other  essays. 

Young,  James  Carleton,  capitalist,  bibliophile,  was  born  July 
29,  1856,  in  Marion,  Iowa.  In  1876  he  graduated  from  Cornell 
college  of  Iowa;  from  which  institution  he  has  received  the  de 
grees  of  B.S.  and  M.A.  In  1878  he  was  a  commissioner  of  the 
United  States  to  the  Paris  Exposition.  In  1884-86  he  was  pres 
ident  of  the  National  association  of  real  estate  dealers;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  He  owns  the  most  valuable  and  interest 
ing  library  that  exists  in  the  world,  consisting  of  selected  books 
characteristically  inscribed  by  their  authors;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  most  important  book  clubs  and  societies  in  Europe  and 
America. 

Young,  Michael  Harry  De,  journalist,  was  born  in  October, 
1848,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  is  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  San 
Francisco  Chronicle,  and  one  of  the  best-known  and  most  suc 
cessful  newspaper  men  in  America.  In  1865  he  issued  the  first 
number  of  The  Dramatic  Chronicle,  which  was  subsequently 
merged  into  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  member  of  the  national  republican  committee;  and  was 
nominee  for  the  United  States  senatorship  as  successor  to  the 
late  George  Hearst.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  commissioner  from 
California  to  the  Paris  exposition ;  he  was  one  of  the  most  prom 
inent  California  representatives  in  the  World's  Columbian  ex 
position,  and  was  its  second  vice-president.  The  California  Mid- 
Winter  International  exposition  owed  its  conception  to  him,  and 
he  was  its  president  and  director  general.  In  1900  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  commissioner  to  the  Paris  exposition.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  International  league  of  press  clubs. 

Young,  Samuel  Baldwin  Marks,  soldier,  civil  engineer,  was 
born  Jan.  9,  1840,  in  Allegheny  county,  Pa.  He  attended  the 
Jefferson  college  at  Cannonsburg,  Pa.  He  left  college  and  be 
came  assistant  engineer  on  the  Pennsylvania  railroad ;  and  on  the 
first  call  for  volunteers  in  1861  he  enlisted  against  the  wishes  of 
his  father.  He  has  devoted  his  life  to  the  service  of  his  country ; 
and  has  attained  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  In  1901  he  be 
came  major-general  in  the  Philippines.  He  has  been  superin 
tendent  of  the  Yosemite  national  park ;  and  superintendent  of  the 
Yellowstone  park. 

Young,  William  James,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1842,  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  During  1873-91  he  has  been  consecutively  cashier,  vice-pres 
ident  and  president  of  the  Oil  City  Trust  company  of  Oil  City, 
Pa. ;  and  since  1890  has  been  the  vice-president,  general  manager 
and  treasurer  of  the  Forest  Oil  company  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  the 


412  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

largest  oil  producing  corporation  in  the  state  of  Pennsylvania, 
with  a  capital  of  five  and  a  half  million.  Since  1893  he  has  been 
president  of  the  Washington  Oil  company,  and  also  since  1893  has 
been  president  of  the  Taylorstown  Natural  Gas  company.  He  is 
prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  Pittsburg  and  a  member  of 
several  fraternal  orders. 

Yule,  George,  member  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  was  born 
June  20,  1835,  in  Scotland.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Ashland  county,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  ranchman  and  cattle 
raiser  of  Colorado.  He  served  in  the  civil  war ;  and  participated 
in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes.  For  two  terms  he  was  sheriff 
of  Denison  county,  Colo. ;  and  is  now  president  of  the  school 
board  of  his  county ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust 
and  honor.  Since  1892  he  has  been  a  member  of  General  Shield's 
Post  No.  78,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ;  and  for  the  past  four 
years  has  been  commander  of  his  post;  and  resides  near  New 
Castle,  Colo. 

Zabriskie,  Andrew  Christian,  Dutchess  county  school  trustee 
of  New  York,  was  bom  May  30,  1853,  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  educated  m  private  scnools  of  New  York  city ;  and  graduated 
from  Columbia  college.  He  is  engaged  in  the  care  of  his  own 
real  estate  interests ;  and  is  trustee  for  numerous  institutions  and 
individuals.  He  is  interested  in  farming  and  the  breeding  of  Ayr 
shire  cattle  and  thoroughbred  poultry.  For  many  years  he  was 
president  of  the  American  Numismatic  society ;  has  a  superb  col 
lection  of  coins ;  and  has  written  valuable  articles  on  antiquarian 
and  numismatic  subjects.  He  has  always  been  interested  in  pub 
lic  education ;  is  now  a  school  trustee  in  Dutchess  county,  N.Y. ; 
and  resides  in  Barrytown,  N.Y. 

Zimmerman,  Jeremiah,  clergyman,  numismatist,  author,  was 
born  April  26,  1848,  in  Snydersburg,  Md.  In  1873  he  graduated 
from  Pennsylvania  college,  from  which  institution  he  has  received 
the  degrees  of  D.D.  and  LL.D. ;  and  subsequently  also  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Wittenberg  college  and  from 
the  Susquehanna  university.  He  is  a  lecturer  in  Syracuse  univer 
sity  ;  and  is  regarded  as  an  authority  on  the  historical  branch  of 
numismatics.  He  is  an  eminent  clergyman  of  Syracuse,  N.Y. ;  and 
president  of  the  federation  of  churches  and  Christian  workers 
of  the  state  of  New  York.  He  is  the  author  of  Spain  and  Her 
People ;  and  numerous  contributions  to  numismatic  literature. 

Zimmermann,  Leander  M.,  clergyman,  author,  was  born  Aug. 
29,  1863,  in  Manchester,  Md.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
Pennsylvania  college  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.  He  has  attained  success 
as  an  eminent  clergyman,  and  for  the  past  ten  years  has  been 
pastor  of  the  Christ  English  Lutheran  church  of  Baltimore,  Md. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  413 

He  is  the  author  of  How  to  Be  Happy  When  Married;  Pearls  of 
Comfort  from  Tennyson 's  In  Memoriam ;  The  Little  Grave ;  Daily 
Bread  for  Daily  Hunger ;  Sunshine ;  Paths  That  Cross ;  and  other 
works.  Paths  That  Cross  is  full  of  deep  thought  and  study;  is 
of  masterpiece  and  teaches  a  multitude  of  good  lessons. 

Yakey,  John  B.,  superior  judge  of  Washington,  was  born 
March  6,  1863,  in  Trenton,  Mo.  He  was  educated  at  the  Mis 
souri  state  university ;  and  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice 
of  law.  In  1895-99  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Kitsap 
county,  Wash. ;  and  also  filled  the  same  position  in  1901-05, 
comprising  four  terms  of  two  years  each.  Since  1905  he  has 
been-  superior  judge  of  the  state  of  Washington  for  Kitsap 
county ;  and  resides  in  Port  Orchard,  Wash. 

Yeaman,  George  Helm,  lawyer,  jurist,  congressman,  was  born 
November  1,  1829,  in  Hardin  county,  Kentucky.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  county  court  of  Daviess  county  in  1854;  elected 
to  the  legislature  in  1861  and  to  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  in 
1862,  and  re-elected  in  1863  for  a  full  term.  He  voted  for  the 
constitutional  amendment  abolishing  slavery,  which  caused  his 
defeat  at  the  next  election.  In  1865  he  was  made  minister  resi 
dent  at  Copenhagen,  where  he  served  five  years  and,  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Seward,  negotiated  a  treaty  with  Denmark  for 
the  purchase  cf  the  Islands  of  St.  Thomas  and  Santa  Cruz, 
which  failed  of  ratification.  In  1870  he  resigned  and  settled  in 
New  York,  where  he  has  since  practiced  law.  He  is  author  of 
The  Study  of  Government ;  and  of  articles  and  pamphlets  on 
various  subjects,  among  them.  Allegiance  and  Naturalization, 
Privateerin-g ;  The  Alabama  Question ;  Labor  and  Money ;  A 
Currency  Primer,  advocating  the  gold  standard.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  lecturer  on  constitutional  law  in  Columbia  law 
school.  In  a  report  adopted  by  the  Association  of  the  Bar  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  he  outlined  the  abolition  of  the  Superior 
court  and  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  New  York  City,  pro 
posing  to  merge  them  in  the  Supreme  court,  many  years  be 
fore  the  adoption  of  that  reform  in  the  Constitution  of  1894.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Association  of  the  Bar  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  the  State  Bar  association,  The  Kentuckians,  New  York 
City,  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  the  National  Geopraphic  society,  Economic 
club  of  New  York,  the  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science, 
the  Cosmos  club  of  Jersey  City,  and  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Science. 

Yencer,  Martin  Washington,  state  representative  of  Indiana, 
was  born  Dec.  27,  1871,  near  Lancaster,  Ohio.  He  was  eda- 


414  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

cated  at  altimore  high  school ;  attended  Fairfield  county  academy ; 
and  studied  medicine  at  Central  college  of  Starling  and  at  the 
college  of  physicians  and  surgeons,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1897.  He  has  attained  prominence  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  the  state  of  Indiana ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  leading 
medical  and  scientific  associations  of  America.  Since  1902  he 
has  been  a  representative  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature.  In 
1904  he  was  elected  by  the  largest  majority  ever  given  to  a 
state  representative;  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Wayne  county, 
Ind. 

Yoder,  Albert  Henry,  superintendent  of  public  schools,  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1866,  near  Nora  Springs,  Iowa.  He  began  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Iowa,  was  graduated  from 
the  Latin  course  in  the  State  normal  school  at  Madison,  South 
Dakota,  in  1888,  and  from  Indiana  university  as  A.B.  in  1893. 
He  was  a  graduate  student  and  fellow  in  pedagogy  of  Clark 
university,  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  in  1893-1894 ;  graduate 
student  in  psychology  at  the  university  of  Chicago  in  1895-1896  . 
and  took  a  special  course  in  pediatrics  in  Northwestern  univer 
sity  in  1896.  He  has  been  engaged  in  educational  work  from 
1888 ;  was  teacher  in  common  schools  three  years ;  superinten 
dent  of  schools  at  Madison,  South  Dakota,  from  1888  to  1891 ; 
instructor  in  pedagogy  in  Indiana  university  in  1893 ;  principal 
in  the  City  normal  school  of  San  Francisco,  California,  1894- 
1895 ;  president  of  Vincennes  university,  1896  to  1900 ;  pro 
fessor  of  education  in  the  university  of  Washington  from  1900 
to  1906 ;  since  1906  superintendent  of  schools  at  Tacoma,  Wash. 
He  has  lectured  on  Childhood  and  Adolescence ;  and  edited  the 
Journal  of  Childhood  and  Adolescence.  Since  1896  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  National  educational  association ;  and  is  a  di 
rector  of  the  Tacoma  public  library. 

Harper,  Lloyd  Andrew,  soldier,  farmer,  stockman,  was  born 
Aug.  25,  1843,  in  Madison  county,  Ark.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Crawford  countv,  Ark. ;  and  is  a  successful 
farmer  and  stockraiser  of  Winters.  Texas.  He  served  through 
the  civil  war  in  1861-65  in  the  confederate  service  as  first  corp 
oral  in  companv  A,  sixteenth  Texas  volunteer  regiment.  He 
has  been  commander  of  the  Henrv  E.  McCulloch  camp  at  Bal- 
lineer.  Texas;  for  four  vears  was  countv  commissioner  of  Run 
nels,  Texas;  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and 
honor:  and  resides  in  Winters,  Texas.  His  father,  Robert  T. 
Harper,  a  descendant  of  the  owner  of  Harper's  Ferfv.  served  in 
*Vie  Creet  Indian  and  Seminole  wars;  was  major  on  the  Jacksor 
county  militia  of  Alabama ;  deputy  United  States  marshal  in 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  415 

Crawford  county,  Ark. ;  and  filled  numerous  public  positions  in 
Tyler,  Texas.  He  was  born  Dec.  15,  1815,  in  Madison  county, 
Ark. ;  and  died  Dec.  3,  1876,  in  Ellice  county,  Texas. 

Bowers,  Alphonso  Benjamin,  inventor,  civil,  mechanical  and 
hydraulic  engineer,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1830,  in  West  Baldwin, 
Maine.  He  had  taught  his  first  school,  written  his  first  pub 
lished  paper,  made  several  political  speeches,  and  built  his  first 
dam  at  the  age  of  16 ;  the  next  seven  years  a  student  chiefly  at 
Bridgton  academy,  and  the  Maine  Wesleyan  seminary  in  Maine, 
and  Phillips  academy,  and  the  Bridgewater  State  normal  school, 
Massachusetts.  In  1853  went  to  California,  where,  in  the  same 
year,  he  invented  a  method  of  cheap  and  rapid  transportation 
of  earth  into  embankment  by  stream  cf  water  on  a  down  grade 
through  an  open  flume.  He  engaged  in  mining,  teaching,  writ 
ing,  lecturing,  and  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Between  1860- 
67,  made  surveys  and!  published  a  topographical,  subdivisional 
map  of  Sonoma  and  the  northern  part  of  Marin  counties  in  Cali 
fornia,  covering  an  area  of  1,500  square  miles.  In  1861-63  was 
delegate  to  the  republican  state  conventions  and  declined  the 
nomination  of  surveyor-general ;  in  1863-67  was  in  charge  of 
sales  of  state  lands;  studied  law,  became  his  own  attorney;  in 
1863-64  invented  the  art  of  hydraulic  dredging  and  hydraulic 
dredge,  on  which,  with  its  rotary  and  scraper  excavators,  its 
flexibly  connected  floating  discharge  pipe,  hydraulic  transporta 
tion  and  filling,  its  method  of  operation  in  continuously  cutting 
in  arcs  of  circles  while  swinging  on  a  vertical  anchor  carried 
by  the  dredge,  he  obtained  nearly  400  claims ;  president  and 
vice-president  of  several  dredging  companies  on  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  coasts;  in  1874-76  put  in  water  works  at  Livermore, 
California;  engaged  in  many  suits  against  infringers  of  his 
patents  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $250,000.00 ;  disbarred  one  of  his 
attorneys ;  became  interested  in  coal  mining,  water  works,  elec 
tric  light  plants,  of  which  companies  he  was  president,  and  in 
gold  and  silver  mines  in  Wyoming,  Nevada,  Pacific  coast  and 
Mexico.  In  1898  was  a  member  of  the  International  congress 
of  commerce  and  navigation,  Brussels,  where  he  was  enter 
tained  by  Leopold  II ;  is  a  member  of  the  permanent  association 
of  navigation  congresses  of  Brussels ;  member  of  the  National 
geographic  society.  In  1904  he  made  a  hydrographic  geologic 
tidal  survey  of  Nassau  harbor  with  report,  maps  and  plans  for 
its  improvement ;  was  delegate  from  California  to  the  National 
civic  alliance,  New  York,  1909 ;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Technical  society  of  the  Pacific  coast,  and  of  the  California 
association  of  civil  engineers. 


416  PROGRESSIVE   AMERICANS 

Zeckwer,  Richard,  musician,  was  born  April  30,  1850,  in  Sten- 
dal,  Prussia;  educated  at  gymnasium,  Stendal,  and  at  university 
of  Leipzig;  musical  education  at  Leipzig  conservatory  of  music, 
under  Moscheles,  Hauptmann,  E.  F.  Richter,  Papperitz  and  Rein- 
ecke;  graduated,  1869.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1869,  his 
first  employment  being  as  a  teacher  in  the  Philadelphia  musical 
academy,  1869 ;  he  became  its  proprietor  in  1876.  Married,  1874. 
Marie  d'Invilliers.  Organist  at  church  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul, 
Germantown,  1871-1878 ;  organist  Catholic  cathedral,  Philadel 
phia,  1879-1880 ;  lecturer  on  acoustics  before  musical  societies 
and  at  Franklin  institute,  Philadelphia,  also  at  Philadelphia 
academy  of  natural  sciences ;  inventor  of  the  liberating  of  the 
ring  finger  for  the  perfection  of  technique.  Composer  of  songs 
and  piano  compositions,  also  Festival  Overture  and  Bride  of 
Messina.  He  is  the  author  of  A  Scientific  Investigation  of 
Touch. 

Zimmerman,  Eugene,  railroad  president,  was  born  in  Decem 
ber,  1845,  in  Vicksburg,  Miss.  In  1856  he  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Clifton,  a  suburb  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  He  was  ed 
ucated  at  the  Farmers'  college  of  College  Hill,  Ohio;  and  at 
Gambier,  Ohio.  He  served  in  the  United  States  navy  during 
the  civil  war;  participated  in  the  bombardment  of  Vicksburg 
and  various  other  engagements ;  was  promoted  successively  to 
ensign,  master,  lieutenant  and  lieutenant  commander ;  and  in 
1863  was  given  command  of  the  United  States  steamship  Oua- 
chita,  which  he  held  to  the  end  of  the  civil  war.  For  two  years 
he  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  at  Hamilton,  Ohio ; 
then  invested  his  capital  in  petroleum ;  and  in  1874  sold  out  to 
the  Standard  oil  company.  He  became  chief  engineer  in  the 
construction  of  the  Cincinnati  and  Green  River  and  Chesapeake 
and  Nashville  railroad ;  later  constructed  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  bridge  at  Cincinnati  for  Collis  P.  Huntington.  He  then 
invested  heavily  in  securities  of  the  D'ayton,  Fort  Wayne  and 
the  Chicago  and  Chesapeake  and  Nashville,  of  which  he  later 
became  president.  In  1892  he  became  vice-president  of  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  and  Dayton  railroad  company;  and  since 
1904  has  been  its  president.  He  is  a  large  stockholder  in  the 
Standard  oil  company;  is  a  director  in  several  railroad,  coal  and 
iron  companies ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 


OF.  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  417 


GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


LEGISLATIVE 


1.  Taft,  William  Howard,  president  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  was  born  Sept.  15,  1857,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  His 
father  was  Alphonso  Taft,  born  in  1810  at  Townsend,  Vt. ;  was 
a  graduate  of  Yale,  1833 ;  judge,  superior  court,  Cincinnati,  1865 
to  1871;  secretary  of  war,  1875-1876;  attorney-general,  1876- 
1877;  United  <  States  minister  to  Austria,  1883-1885;  United 
States  minister  to  Russia,  1885-1887.  His  mother,  Louise  M. 
(Torrey)  Taft,  was  a  daughter  of  Samuel  D.  Torrey,  a  West 
India  merchant,  of  Boston ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Sept.  11,  1827, 
and  married  at  Millbury,  Mass.  The  president  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Cincinnati,  including  Woodward  high 
school,  where  he  was  graduated,  1874;  at  Yale  university  four 
years,  graduating  June,  1878,  with  the  degree  B.A. ;  was  second, 
or  salutatorian,  in  a  class  of  121 ;  also  elected,  by  class,  class 
orator;  entered  law  school,  Cincinnati  college,  1878,  graduating 
May,  1880,  with  the  degree  B.L.,  dividing  first  prize.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio,  May,  1880; 
was  law  reporter  of  the  Cincinnati  Times,  and  subsequently  of 
the  Cincinnati  Commercial,  1880.  He  was  appointed  assistant 
prosecuting  attorney,  Jan.,  1881 ;  resigned,  March,  1882,  to  be 
come  collector  of  internal  revenue,  first  district  of  Ohio,  under 
President  Arthur;  resigned  the  collectorship,  March,  1883,  to 
enter  practice  of  the  law;  continued  in  practice  till  March,  1887, 
holding  meantime,  from  Jan.,  1885,  the  office  of  assistant  county 
solicitor,  Hamilton  county.  In  1887-90  he  was  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  Cincinnati ;  in  1890-92  was  solicitor-general 
of  the  United  States,  and  in  1892  became  judge  of  the 
United  States  court  for  the  sixth  judicial  circuit.  In  1896 
became  professor  and  dean  of  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Cincinnati ;  resigned,  March,  1900,  the  circuit 
judgeship  and  deanship  to  become,  by  appointment  of  President 
McKinley,  president  of  the  United  States  Philippine  commis- 


418  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sion;  on  July  4,  1901,  by  appointment  of  President  McKinley, 
became  the  first  civil  governor  of  the  Philippine  Islands;  Nov. 
1,  1901,  turned  over  the  office  of  governor  to  Vice-Governor 
Wright,  on  account  of  illness.  In  June,  1908,  Mr.  Taft  was 
nominated  by  the  republican  national  convention  at  Chicago  for 
the  presidency,  and  elected  president  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  receiving  321  electoral  votes  to  162  for  William  J. 
Bryan,  of  Nebraska. 

2.  Sherman,  James  Schoolcraft,  vice-president  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1855,  in  Utica,  N.  Y. ;  his 
father,  Richard  U.  Sherman,  also  born  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y., 
was  by  profession  an  editor  and  also  prominent  in  public  life. 
Mr.  Sherman  was  educated  in  preparatory  schools  and  Hamil 
ton  college ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  prac 
ticed  until  1906.     He  was  married  in  1881  to  Carrie  Babcock, 
at  East  Orange,  N.  J. ;  three  sons,  Sherrill,  Richard    U.,    and 
Thomas  M.,  are  living  and  in  business  at  Utica.     Mr.  Sherman 
is  president  of  the  Utica  Trust  and  Deposit  company  and  is  in 
terested  in  several  other  business  enterprises;  is  a  regular  at 
tendant  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  church  of  Utica,  treasurer  of 
the  church,  and  chairman  of  its  board  of  trustees ;  is  a  member 
of  the  Fort  Schuyler  club,  of  Utica,  the  Metropolitan  club,  of 
Washington,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  of 
the  Order  of  Elks ;  is  a  trustee  of  Hamilton  college,  which  gave 
him  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  is    also    a    member    of    the    Union 
League,  Transportation,   and   Republican   clubs,  of  New   York 
city.     Mr.  Sherman  presided1  over  the  New  York  state  conven 
tions  of  1895,   1900,  and   1908;  was   elected   mayor  of  Utica   in 
1884;  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  convention  in  1892; 
was  chairman  of  the  national  republican  congressional  commit 
tee  in  1906 ;  has  made  frequent  appearances  in  campaigns,  not 
only  in  his  own  district,  but  throughout  the  United  States.    He 
was  elected   to   the   fiftieth,    fifty-first,    fifty-third,    fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,   fify-sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth,   and 
sixtieth  congresses.     Mr.  Sherman  was  elected  vice-president  of 
the  United  States  on  the  ticket  with  William  H.  Taft,  receiving 
321   electoral  votes  to  162   for  John  W.   Kern,  of  Indiana,  and 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office  at  noon,  March  4,  1909. 

3.  Knox,  Philander  Chase,  United  States  secretary  of  state, 
was  born  May  6,  1853,  in  Brownsville,  Pa.,  son  of  David  S.  and 
Rebekah  Page  Knox ;  his  father  was  a  banker  in  Brownsville ; 
graduated)  at  Mount  Union  college,  Alliance,    Ohio,    in    1872 ; 
entered  the  law  office  of  H.  B.  Swope,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875;  was  assistant  United  States  dis- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  419 

trict  attorney  for  the  western  district  of  Pennsylvania  in  1876 ; 
was  elected  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bar  association  in 
1897 ;  was  made  attorney-general  in  the  cabinet  of  President 
McKinley  in  1901  as  successor  to  Hon.  John  William  Griggs, 
of  New  Jersey,  resigned,  and  was  sworn  into  office  April  9, 
1901 ;  was  the  choice  of  President  Roosevelt  for  attorney-gen 
eral  in  his  cabinet,  and  was  confirmed  by  the  senate  Dec.  6, 
1901 ;  resigned  that  office  June  30,  1904,  to  accept  appointment 
as  United  States  senator,  tendered  by  Governor  Pennypacker 
June  10,  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Hon.  M.  S. 
Quay,  and  took  his  seat  D>ec.  6 ;  was  elected  by  the  legislature 
in  Jan.,  1905,  for  the  term  ending  March  3,  1911 ;  resigned  as 
senator  March  4,  1909,  to  accept  the  position  of  secretary  of 
state,  and  he  was  duly  nominated,  confirmed,  and  commissioned 
March  5. 

4.  MacVeagh,  Franklin,  United  States  secretary  of  the  treas 
ury,  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Chester  county,  Pa. ;  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1862 ;  at  Columbia  law  school,  New  York,  in  1864 ;  abandoned 
practice  of  law  because  of  ill  health  and  went  to  Chicago,  estab 
lishing  in  the  wholesale  grocery  business ;  became  president  of 
Citizens'  association  in   1874,   which   inaugurated   many   impor 
tant   municipal   reforms ;   was   nominated   by   the   democrats  of 
Illinois,  in  1894,  for  United  States  senator  and  made  a  canvass 
of  the  state,  but  was  defeated  in  the  legislature ;  president  of 
the   Bureau    of   Charities   and    Municipal    Art   league ;    member 
of  the  executive  committee  National    Civic    Federation ;    vice- 
president  of  the  American  Civic  association,  1905.     Appointed 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  March  5,  1909. 

5.  Dickinson,  Jacob  McGavock,  United  States  secretary  of 
war.  was  born  Jan.  30,  1851,  in  Columbus,  Miss.;  was  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Nashville  and  studied  law  at  Columbia 
college,  New  York,  in  Paris,  and  at  the  university  of  Leipzig; 
LL.D.,  Columbia   university   of  New  York    and    university    of 
Illinois ;   was    assistant   attorney-general    of  the    United    States 
from  February  13,  1895,  to  March  8,  1897 ;  in  1903  appeared  as 
counsel   for  the  United   States  before    the    Alaskan    boundary 
tribunal   in  London ;  took  oath  of  office    as    secretary    of    war 
March  12,  1909. 

6.  Wickersham,  George  Woodward,  United  States  attorney- 
general,  was  born  Sept.  19,  1858,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1880,   receiving  the   degree  of  LL.  B. ;   in   1901   that   university 
conferred  upon  him   the  honorary   degree  of    master    of    arts. 
Previous  to  graduation  he  had  been  admitted  to  the  Philadel- 


420  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

phia  bar  and  practiced  there  until  1882,  when  he  removed  to 
New  York  City,  and  in  1883  entered  the  old-established  law 
firm  of  Strong  and  Cadwalader;  was  admitted,  four  years  later, 
becoming  attorney-general,  to  which  position  he  was  appointed 
to  partnership  in  the  firm,  which  connection  he  terminated  upon 
March  5,  1909. 

7.  Hitchcock,  Frank  Harris,  'United  States  postmaster-gen 
eral,  was  born  Oct.  5,  1867,  in  Amherst,  Ohio;  has  resided  in 
Massachusetts  fromi  early  boyhood;  was  graduated  from  Har 
vard  university  in  1891;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  served  as  assistant  secretary  of  the    republican    national 
committee  in  the  campaign  of  1904;  was  first  assistant  post 
master-general  from  1905  to  1908;  was  chosen  chairman  of  the 
republican  national  committee  in  July,  1908,  and  conducted  the 
presidential  campaign  of  that  year;  was  appointed  postmaster- 
general  by  President  Taft,  March  5,  1909. 

8.  Meyer,  George  Von  Lengerke,  United   States   secretary 
of  the  navy,  born  June  24,  1858,  in  Boston,  Mass.     He  has  been 
a  member  of  the   common  council   and  board   of  aldermen   of 
Boston,  Mass. ;  served  as  a  representative  in  the  Massachusetts 
state  legislature  and  was  speaker  of  the  house.     He  was  chair 
man  of  the  Massachusetts  board  of  the  Paris  exposition ;  and 
for  eight  years  the  member  of  the  republican  national  committee 
for  Massachusetts.    He  is  director  in  various  mills  and  financial 
institutions.     Since   1900  he   has  been   a   representative   in  the 
United   States    diplomatic   service,   first   as   an   ambassador    to 
Rome;  and  was  ambassador  extraordinary  and  plenipotentiary 
at  St.  Petersburg,  Russia.     In  1907-09  he  was  postmaster-gen 
eral,  and  since  1909  has  been  secretary  of  the  navy;  and  resides 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

9.  Ballinger,  Richard  Achilles,  United   States  secretary  of 
the  interior,  born  July  9,  1858,  in  Boonesboro,  Iowa ;  was  gradu 
ated  from  Williams  college,  Mass.,  1884 ;  began  the  study  of  law 
in  Chicago,  111.,  in  the  office  of  S.  Corning  Judd ;  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Springfield  in  1886.     Served  as  city  attorney  of  Kan- 
kakee,  111.,  one  term  and  appointed  to  a  similar  position  at  New 
Decatur,  Ala.,  serving  a  single  term,  when  (in  1889)  he  moved 
to  Port  Townsend,   Wash.     Engaged   in   the  practice   of  law; 
elected  as  superior  court  judge  in    1894,  serving  four     years ; 
Sept.  1,  1897,  moved  to  Seattle,  Wash.,  becoming    the    senior 
member  of  the  law  firm  of  Ballinger,  Roland  and  Battle;  en 
gaged  in  active  practice  until  1904,  when  he  was  elected  mayor 
of  Seattle,  serving  until  Feb.,  1906.     In  March,  1907,  appointed 
commissioner  of  the  general  land  office,  serving  one  year,  when 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  421 

he  resigned  to  return  to  Seattle  to  resume  the  practice  of  law. 
Was  chairman  of  the  Washington  state  delegation  to  the  re 
publican  national  convention  at  Chicago,  which  nominated  Hon. 
Wm.  H.  Taft  for  the  presidency.  Served  as  western  member 
of  the  advisory  committee  of  the  republican  national  committee, 
and  participated  actively  in  the  presidential  campaign  of  1908. 
Appointed  secretary  of  the  interior,  assuming  office  March  6, 
1909. 

11.  Nagel,  Charles,  United  States  secretary  of  commerce  and 
labor,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1849,  in  Colorado  County,  Tex.    He  left 
his  home  in  1863  as  a  result  of  the  civil  war,  accompanying  his 
father  to  old  Mexico,  and  from  there,  by  way  of  New  York,  to 
St.   Louis,  Mo.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  legislature 
from  1881  to  1883 ;  president  of  the  St.  Louis  city  council  from 
1893  to  1897 ;  member  of  the  St.  Louis  law  school  faculty  since 
1886 ;   board   of   trustees   of   Washington   university ;   board   of 
directors  o>f  St.  Louis  Museum  of  Fine  Arts.     Made  national 
committeeman  from  Missouri  in  1908.    Has  taken  an  active  part 
in  politics  for  the  last  twenty  years  by  participating  in  conven 
tions  and  speaking  d'uring  campaigns,  and  has  from  time  to  time 
delivered  addresses  before  bar  associations  and  similar  organiza 
tions  upon  various  topics  of  public  interest. 

12.  Bankhead,  John  Hollis,  United  States  senator  from  Mis 
souri,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1842,  in  Moscow,  Ala.    He  served  four 
years  in  the  confederate  army;  and  was  wounded  three  times. 
In  1865-67  he  represented  Marion  county  in  the  general  assem 
bly  ;  and  in  1876-77  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.     In  1880- 
81  he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives ;  and  in 
1881-85  was  warden  of  the  Alabama  penitentiary.     In  1887-1907 
he  was  a  representative  from  Alabama  to  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  is  now  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  for  a  six-year 
term  ending  in  1913  ;  and  resides  in  Payette,  Ala. 

13.  Johnston,   Joseph   Forney,   United    States    senator   from 
Alabama,  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1843 ;  quit  school  to  join 
the  Confederate  army  as  a  private  in  March,  1861 ;  served  dur 
ing  the  war,  was  wounded  four  times,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
captain ;  practiced  law  seventeen  years ;  was  a  banker  ten  years ; 
was  elected  governor  of  Alabama  in  1896  and  re-elected  in  1898, 
serving  four  years ;  never  sought  or  held  any  office  other  than 
governor  and  senator.    He  was  unanimously  elected  to  the  Unit 
ed  States  Senate  by  the  legislature,  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  por 
tion  of  the  term  of  Hon.  E.  W.  Pettus,  deceased,  ending  March 


422  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

3,  1909,  also  for  the  term  ending  March  3,  1915;  and  resides  in 
Birmingham,  Ala. 

14.  Taylor,  George  Washington,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1849,  ii; 
Montgomery  county,  Ala.     He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  company 
D,  first  regiment  South  Carolina  cavalry,  and  served  as  a  courier 
till  the  end  aft  the  war.     He  was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of 
the  general  assembly  of  Alabama  in  1878 ;  and  served  one  term 
as  a  member  from   Choctaw  county ;  and  1880  he  was  elected 
state  solicitor  for  the  first  judicial  circuit  of  Alabama.      He  was 
a   member  of  the   fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh   and   fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as   a  democrat.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  district 
of  Alabama  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Demopolis, 
Ala. 

15.  Dent,  Stanley  Hubert,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1869,  in  Eu- 
faula,  Ala.,  August  16,  1869,  was  graduated  from  the  Southern 
university   of    Greensboro,   Ala.,   with    the   degree    of   A.    B.,   in 
1886,  and  in  1889  was  graduated  in  law  from  the  University  of 
Virginia ;  his  profession  has  always  been  that  of  attorney  at  law ; 
was  married  to  Miss  Etta  Tinsley,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  June  23, 
1897 ;  was  appointed     prosecuting     attorney     for     Montgomery 
county,  and  went  into  office  D'ec.  1,  1902 ;  in  1904  was  re-elected 
for  a  term  of  six  years ;  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  in  a 
Congressional   primary  Sept.   12,   1908,  and  was   elected   to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Montgomery, 
Ala. 

16.  Clayton,  Henry  D.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  in  Barbour  county,  Ala.     He 
has  practiced  law  in  Clayton  and  Eufaula,  Ala.    He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  democratic  national  convention  for  1904-08.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
n'ffry-ninth  and'  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  district  of  Ala 
bama  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Eufaula,  Ala. 

17.  Craig,  William  Benjamin,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Alabama,  son  of  George  Henry  Craig 
and  Alvena  White  Craig,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1877,  in  Selma,  Ala. ; 
was  educated  in  the  public  and  high  schools  of  Selma  and  in 
June,  1898,  was  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  Cumber 
land  university,  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  with  the  degree  of  bacheloi 
of  laws;  from  1893  to  1897  he  served  an  apprenticeship  as  a 
machinist  in  the  shops  of  the  Southern  railway,  at  Selma ;  since 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  423 

June,  1898,  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  From  Jan. 
1,  1903,  to  Jan.  1,  1907,  he  served  a  term  as  State  senator  in  the 
legislature  of  Alabama,  representing  the  thirtieth  district.  He 
has  served  in  the  Alabama  National  Guard  as  private  and  non 
commissioned  officer  in  Troop  C,  First  Cavalry,  and  as  captain 
of  Company  C,  Second  Infantry.  Was  elected  to  the  Sixtieth 
congress  without  opposition  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Selma,  Ala. 

18.  Heflin,  James  Thomas,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  April  9,  1869,  in  Louina3 
Randolph   county,  Ala. ;  was   educated   in   the  common  schools 
of  Randolph   county,   at   the    Southern    university,   Greensboro, 
Ala.,  and  at  the  A.  and  M.  college,  Auburn,  Ala. ;  studied  law 
at  Lafayette,  Ala.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  Jan.  12,  1893; 
was  elected  mayor  of  Lafayette  March  16,  1893,  and  re-elected, 
holding  this   office    two   terms ;   was   register   in    chancery   two 
years,  resigning  in   1896   to   accept  the   democratic   nomination 
from  Chambers  county  to  the  legislature ;  was  elected  in  1896 
and  re-elected  to  the  legislature  in  1898 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
democratic  state  executive  committee  from   1896  to   1902 ;  was 
a  delegate  in  the  constitutional  convention  of  Alabama  in  1901 ; 
was  elected  secretary  of  state  in  Nov.,  1902,  for  a  term  of  four 
years ;   resigned  that  office   May  1,   1904 ;  was  elected,  without 
opposition,  May  10,  1904,  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  in  the  fifty- 
eighth  congress ;  also  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ; 
and  resides  in  Lafayette,  Ala. 

19.  Hobson,  Richmond  Pearson,  United  states  congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1870,  in 
Greensboro,  Ala. ;  was  educated  at  the  Southern  university,  the 
United   States   naval   academy,   the   French    national   school   of 
naval  design;  is  a  naval  architect  and  lecturer,;  served  in  the 
United  States  navy  from  1885  to  1903 ;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.   from    Southern   university   June,    1906 ;   was   democratic 
elector  at  large,  Alabama,  in   1904 ;  is  tenth   in    descent    from 
Elder  Brewster,  of  the  Mayflower ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress ;  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat  ; 
and  resides  in  Greensboro,  Ala. 

20.  Burnett,  John  Lawson  Brandon,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  seventh  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1854, 
in  Cedar  Bluff,  Ala.     He  was  elected  to  the  Alabama  legisla 
ture  in  1884;  and  to  the  state  senate  in  1886.     He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  six 
tieth  congresses  from  Alabama  as  a    democrat.     He    was  re- 


424  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  .from  the  seventh  district  of 
Alabama  for  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Godsden,  Ala. 

21.  Richardson,  William,  United  States  congressman  from 
Alabama,  was  born  in  Athens,  Ala.  He  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
confederate  states  army  during  the  civil  war;  and  was  severely 
wounded  at  Chickamauga.     He  was  then  elected  to  the  Ala 
bama    house    of   representatives    from    Limestone    county.      In 
1867  he  began  the  practice  of  law;  was  county  judge  for  twelve 
years ;  and  in  1890  was  candidate  for  governor  of  Alabama.    He 
was   elected   to  the   fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.    He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighth  district  of  Alabama 
for  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Huntsville,.Ala. 

22.  Underwood,  Oscar  W.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Alabama,  was  born  May  6,  1862,  in  Louisville, 
Ky.    He  is  a  noted  lawyer  ol  Birmingham,  Ala.     He  was  chair- 
man  of  the  democratic  executive  committee  of  the  ninth  district 
in  the  campaign  of  1892.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  ninth  district  of  Alabama  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Birmingham,  Ala. 

23.  Clarke,  James  P.,  United  States  senator  from  Arkansas, 
was  born  Aug.  18,  1854,  in  Yazoo  City,  Miss.  In  1886-87  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Arkansas  legislature  and  in  1888-92  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.     In  1893-94  he  was  attorney-general  of 
Arkansas,   and   in   1895-97   was   governor  of  Arkansas.     Since 
1903  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  and  is 
now  serving  the  term  of  1909-13;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock, 
Ark. 

24.  Davis,  Jefferson,  United  States  senator  from  Arkansas, 
was  born  June  27,  1862,  in  Little  River  county,  Ark.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Russellville,  Ark. ;  and  in  1884  graduated  from  the  law 
department  of  Vanderbilt  university.     In  1884    he    began    the 
practice  of  law ;  in  1892  became  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
fifth  judicial  district  of  Arkansas ;  and  in  1898  was  elected  attor 
ney-general  of  Arkansas.     In  1900  he  became  governor  of  the 
state.     He   is   now   United    States   senator   from   Arkansas   for 
the  term  of  1907-13 ;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

25.  Macon,  Robert  Bruce,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  July  6,  1859,  near  Trenton, 
Ark. ;  and  has  always  lived  in  his  native  county.     In  1891  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1882-86  served  two  terms  as  a  rep 
resentative  in   the   Arkansas   state   legislature ;   and   in   1892-96 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  425 

was  clerk  of  the  circuit  court.  In  1898-1902  he  was  prosecuting 
attorney  of  the  first  judicial  circuit  of  Arkansas.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  dis 
trict  of  Arkansas  as  a  democrat  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Helena,  Ark. 

26.  Oldfield,  William  A.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second  district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  Feb.  4,  1874,  in  Franklin, 
Izard   county,  Ark. ;  was   educated  in  the  common   schools  of 
the  county  and  at  Arkansas  college,  Batesville,  taking  the  de 
gree  of  A.B.  in  the  latter  institution  in  1896;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  was   elected    prosecuting    attorney    in   Sept.,   1902. 
and  re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1904.    When  war  broke  out 
between  the  United  States  and  Spain,  in  1898,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  M,  Second  regiment  Arkansas  infantry,  as  a  private ; 
was  promoted  to  first  sergeant  of  trie  same  company,  and  later 
to  first  lieutenant,  and  was  mustered  out  with    that    rank    in 
March,  1899 ;  was  elected  to  sixty -first  congress  from  Arkansas 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Batesville,  Ark. 

27.  Floyd,  John  Charles,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  April  14,  1858,  in  Sparta, 
White  county,  Tenn.     He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  of    Bentonville,  Ark. ;  and    in    1879 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Arkansas  at  Fayetteville.     In 
1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  Arkansas  state  legislature  from 
Marion  county;  and  in  1890-94  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the 
fourteenth  judicial  district.     In  1904  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  fifty-ninth  congress  for  the  term  of  1905-07  from  Arkan 
sas  as  a  democrat.     He  has  always  been  prominently  identified 
with  the  democratic  party ;  is  a  prominent  citizen  of  Yelleville. 
Ark. ;  and  has  filled  numerous  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  dis 
trict  of  Arkansas  as  a  democrat  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Yellville,  Ark. 

28.  Cravens,  Ben,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fourth 
district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1872,  in  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 
He  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  the  university  of  Missouri. 
For  four  years  he  was  city  attorney  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark. ;  and 
for  six  years  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  twelfth  judicial 
district  of  Arkansas.     In  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from 
the  fourth  district  of  Arkansas  to  the   sixtieth   and  sixty-first 
congresses  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

29.  Reid,  Charles  Chester,  United  States  congressman  from 


426  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  fifth  district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  June  15,  1868,  in  Clarks- 
ville,  Ark.  For  many  years  he  has  practiced  law  in  Conway 
county,  Ark.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  Arkansas  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  Ar 
kansas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Morrillton,  Ark. 

30.  Robinson,  Joseph  Taylor,  United    States    congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1872.     He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  the  university  of  Arkan 
sas  ;  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1895.   He  was  elected  to  the 
general  assembly  of  the  state  of  Arkansas  in  1894  and  served 
in  the  session  of  1895.     He  was    presidential    elector    for    the 
sixth   congressional   district   of  Arkansas   in   1900,  and   selected 
as  electoral  messenger.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth   and  sixtieth   congresses.      He  was   re-elected   to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Arkansas  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Lonoke,  Ark. 

31.  Wallace,  Robert  Minor,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  seventh  district  of  Arkansas,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1857,  in  New 
London,  Ark.     In   1876  he  graduated  from   Arizona  college  of 
Louisiana ;  and  in   1877  was  admitted  to  the  bar.     In   1881  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Arkansas  state  legislature ;  and  in  1887-92 
was  postoffice  inspector.    In  1890-92  he  was  prosecuting  attorney 
for  the  thirteenth   circuit ;  and   in   1895    was    assistant    United 
States  attorney  at  Texarkana,  Ark.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth,    fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth    congresses.      He    was    re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of 
Arkansas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Magnolia,  Ark. 

32.  Perkins,  George   Clement,   United   States   senator  from 
California,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1839,  in  Kennebunkport,  Maine.   At 
the  age  of  t\velve  years  he  went  to  sea  on  the  Golden  Eagle  as 
a  cabin  boy ;  follo\ved  this  calling  and  that  of  a  sailor  for  several 
years ;  and  in  1855  shipped  before  the  mast  on  a  sailing  vessel 
named  Galatea  bound  for  San   Francisco,  Cal.     He  engaged  in 
business  at  Oroville  and   was  very  successful    as    a    merchant 
there.     He  subsequently   engaged   in   banking,  milling,  mining, 
and  the  steamship  business,  operating  steamships  on  the  coasts 
of  California,   Oregon,   Washington,    British    Columbia,   Alaska 
and  Mexico.     In  1868  he  was  elected  to  California  state  senate, 
serving  eight  years.     He  has  been  president  of  the  Merchants' 
exchange   in   San   Francisco.     In    1878-83   he   was  governor  of 
California,  serving  until  January,  1883.     Since  1893  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  is  now  serving  the 
term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Oakland,  Cal. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  427 

33.  Flint,  Frank  Putnam,  United  States  senator  from  Califor 
nia,  was  born  July  15,  1862,  in  North  Reading,  Mass.   In  1869  his 
parents  moved  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools ;  and  in  1888  he  moved  to  Los  Angeles.     He  was 
appointed  assistant  United  States  attorney  in  1892 ;  in  1897  was 
appointed  United  States  district  attorney  for  the  southern  dis 
trict  of  California.     He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
for  the  term  of  1905-11;  and  resides  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

34.  Englebright,  William  F.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  California,  was  born  Nov.  23,  1855,  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.     At  an  early  age  his  parents  moved  to  Vallejo, 
Cal.;  where  in  the  public  schools  he  received  his  education ;  en 
tered  the  service  of  the  United  States  at  the  navy-yard,  Mare 
Island,  as  a  house  joiner's   apprentice  ;  entered  the  civil   engi 
neer's   office,  and   there   completed   his   studies   in   engineering. 
Later  he  established  himself  in  Nevada  City  as  a  mining  engi 
neer,  which   profession  he  was   following  at    the    time    of    his 
election  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress.     During  the  practice  of  his 
profession   Mr.   Englebright   has   been   identified   with   many  of 
the   most   important  mining  enterprises  and   mining  litigations 
of  the  state  and  the  United  States  as  well ;  is  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  California  State  Miners'  association ; 
is  an  authority  upon  mining  and  irrigating  problems.     He  was 
elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term1  in  the  fifty-ninth  congress  and 
to  the   sixtieth   congress;   re-elected   to   the   sixty-first   congress 
as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Nevada  City,  Cal. 

35.  McKinlay,  Duncan  E.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  California,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1862,  in  Orillia, 
Ontario,  Canada.    He  learned  the  trade  of  carriage  painting  and 
worked  in  Flint,  Mich. ;  at  21  years  of  age  he  came  to  San  Fran 
cisco  and  worked  at  his  trade  until  1884.     In  1901  he  was  ap 
pointed   by    President    McKinley    as    assistant    United    States 
attorney  at  San   Francisco.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congress.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  second  district  of  California  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 

36.  Knowland,  Joseph  Russell,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  third  district  of  California,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1873,  in 
Alameda,  Cal.     He  was  educated  in  public  and  private  schools ; 
and  in  the  university  of  the  PPacific.  He  is  associated  with  father, 
Joseph  Knowland,  in  the  wholesale  lumber  and  shipping  busi 
ness  ;  and  is  a  director  and  member  of  the  finance  committee  of 
the  Alameda  savings  bank  and  Bank  of  Alameda.     In  1898-1902 
he  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  state  legislature ; 


428  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  in  1902-04  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth  congress  as  a 
republican  to  fill  a  vacancy  and  a  member  of  the  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  frcm  the  third  district  of  California  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11;  and  resides  in  Alameda,  Cal. 

37.  Kahn,  Julius,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fourth 
district  of  California,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1861,  in  Germany.  He 
came  to  California  with  nis  parents  in  1866 ;  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  San  Francisco  and  after  leaving  school  he  fol 
lowed  the  theatrical  profession  for  ten  years.  He  returned  to 
Sa,n»  Francisco  in  1890  and  began  studying  law;  in  1892  was 
elected  to  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  California ;  and  in  1894 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  California.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  fourth  district  of  California  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

38.  Hayes,  Everis  Anson,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth  district  of  California,  was  born  March  10,  1855,  in  Water 
loo,  Wis.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town ;  and  graduated  from  both  the  literary  and  law  departments 
of  the  state  university  of  Wisconsin  ;  and  has  received  the  degrees 
of  B.L.  and  LL.B.  from  that  institution  of  learning.     With  his 
brother,  J.  O.  Hayes,  he  owns  the  San  Jose  Daily  Mercury  and 
the  San  Jose  Evening  Herald ;  and  has  other  large  interests  in 
San  Jose,  Cal.     He  has  large    mining    interests    at    Ironwood, 
Mich.,  and  also  in  the  state  of  California.     He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  California.    He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fifth  district  of 
California  as  a  republican  for  the  term  of  1907-11 ;  and  resides 
in  San  Jose,  Cal. 

39.  Needham,  James  Carson,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  sixth  district  of  California,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1864,  in  Car 
son  City,  Nev.,  in  an  emigrant  wagon,  his  parents  being  at  the 
time  en  route  across  the  plains  to  California.     His  early  educa 
tion  was  received  in  the  public  schools  of  California ;  graduated 
at  the  San  Jose  high  school;  and  subsequently  took  a  collegiate 
course  at  the  university  of  the  Pacific  at  San  Jose,  graduating 
in  the  year  1886  with  the  degree  of  Ph.B.    He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,    fifty-eighth,    fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth 
congresses  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  California  for  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Modesto,  Cal. 

40.  McLachlan,  James,  United  States  congressman  from  the 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  429 

seventh  district  of  California,  was  born  Aug.  1852,  in  Scot 
land.  In  1881-88  he  practiced  law  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  He  then 
removed!  to  Pasadena,  Cal.,  and  there  continued  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  1877  he  was  elected  on  the  republican  ticket 
to  the  office  of  school  commissioner  of  Tompkins  county,  N.  Y., 
and  in  1890  was  elected  district  attorney  of  Los  Angeles  county, 
Cal.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  and  a  member 
of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  California  for  the  term  -.-f 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Pasadena,  Cal. 

41.  Smith,  Sylvester  Clark,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eighth  district  of  California,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1858,  near 
Mount  Pleasant,  la.  He  was  educated  in  the  district  school  and  at 
Howe's  academy  of  Mount  Pleasant.    He  moved  to  California  in 
the  fall  of  1879 ;  farmed  and  taught  school  in  Colusa  county ;  and 
in  1885  he  was  admitted  to  practice  law  and  located  at  Bakers- 
field,  Cal.     In  1886  a  numiber  of  farmers  bought  a  newspaper 
plant  with  which  to  establish  a  paper  to  represent  their  views 
on  a  question  of  water  right,  which  was  then  engrossing  their 
attention    and    he   was   employed   to   edit   the   paper,   the   Kern 
County  Echo.    Three  years  later  he  bought  the  paper  and  con 
tinued  to  edit  it  till  1897,  when  he  returned  to  his  law  practice. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate    in    1894-1902.     He    was 
elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighth  district  from 
California  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Bakersfield, 
Cal. 

42.  Guggenheim,  Simon,  United  States  senator  from  Colo- 
rado,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1867,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.    He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  Philadelphia ;  then  traveled  abroad 
for  two  years  to  study  French,  German  and  the  Spanish  Ian 
guages.   F]or  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  mining  and  smelting 
interests  in  Colorado ;  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  American  smelting  and  refining  company.    He 
was  offered  the  nomination  for  lieutenant-governor  and  governor 
of  Colorado,  both  of  which  he  declined.    In  1904  he  was  republi 
can  presidential  elector  from  Colorado.     Since  1907  he  has  been 
United  States  senator  from  Colorado  for  term  ending  1913 ;  and 
resides  in  Denver,  Col. 

43.  Hughes,  Charles  James,  United  States  senator  from  Colo 
rado,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1853,  in  Kingston,  Caldwell  county,  Mo., 
and  was  graduated  from  Richmond,  Mo.,  college  in  1871.  He  was 
a  law  student  at  the  university  of  Missouri  from  1872  to  1873,  and 


430  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  both  from;  the  university  of  Mis 
souri  and  the  university  of  Denver.  Sept.  1,  1874,  he  was  mar- 
riedf  to  Lucy  S.  Menefee,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
August,  1877,  locating  in  Denver  in  1879.  In  1888  he  was  a 
democratic  candidate  for  presidential  elector  in  Colorado,  but 
was  defeated ;  was  elected  a  democratic  presidential  elector  in 
1900,  and  defeated  for  the  same  position  in  1904;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  democratic  national  conventions  of  1904  and  1908.  From 
the  beginning  of  his  practice  in  Colorado,  Senator  Hughes, 
while  engaging  generally  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  has  given 
special  attention  to  mining  and  irrigation  litigation.  He  deliv 
ered  courses  of  lectures  upon  mining  and  irrigation  law  at 
Harvard  law  school ;  has  been  for  many  years  professor  of  min 
ing  law  in  the  law  school  of  the  university  of  Denver.  He  was 
the  unanimous  choice  of  the  state  democratic  convention,  which 
assembled  in  Pueblo  September,  1908,  which  nominated  him 
for  the  position  of  United  States  senator  to  succeed  Hon.  Henry 
M.  Teller,  and  was  elected  by  the  following  legislature.  In  two 
preceding  state  democratic  conventions  he  was  tendered  the 
nomination  for  governor  of  Colorado,  but  declined.  His  term 
of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1915.  He  is  a  resident  of  Den 
ver,  Col. 

44.  Taylor,  Edward  Thomas,  United  States  congressman-at- 
large  from  Colorado,  was  born  June  19,  1858,  in  Metamora. 
Woodford  county,  111. ;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
Illinois  and  Kansas ;  graduated  from  Leavenworth,  Kans.,  high 
school  in  1881 ;  moved  to  Leadville,  Colo.,  that  summer,  and 
during  the  school  year  of  1881-82  was  principal  of  the  Leadville 
high  school ;  that  fall  entered  the  law  department  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan  ;  was  president  of  his  class,  and  graduated  in 
1884,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.B. ;  returned  to  Leadville  and  at 
once  began  the  practice  of  the  law.  In  the  fall  of  1884  was 
elected  county  superintendent  of  schools  of  that  (Lake)  county; 
in  1885  was  deputy  district  attorney ;  in  the  spring  of  1886 
moved  to  Aspen,  Colo.,  and  in  February,  1887,  to  Glenwood 
Springs,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  practiced  his  profession. 
In  1887  was  elected  district  attorney  of  the  ninth  judicial  dis 
trict  ;  in  1896  was  elected  state  senator  for  the  twenty-first  sena 
torial  district,  and  re-elected  in  1900  and  1904,  his  twelve  years' 
service  ending  December,  1908  ;  was  president  pro  tempore  of 
the  senate  one  term,  and  has  the  reputation  of  having  been  the 
author  of  more  important  laws  and  constitutional  amendments 
than  any  person  that  ever  sat  in  any  legislature  of  any  state  i'i 
the  Union  during  the  entire  history  of  this  government — over 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  431 

forty  general  statutes  and  five  separate  constitutional  amend 
ments  that  were  adopted  by  a  general  vote  of  the  people ;  he 
also  served  five  terms  as  city  attorney  and  two  terms  as  county 
attorney  of  his  home  town  and  county.  In  1908-09  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Alumni  association  of  the  univer 
sity  of  Michigan ;  is  a  Mystic  Shriner  and  an  Elk,  and  has  served 
two  terms  as  eminent  commander  of  the  Glenwood  commandery 
of  Knights  Templar;  has  been  vice-president  of  the  State  Bar 
association ;  is  vice-president  of  the  state  association  of  the  Sons 
of  Colorado ;  has  presided  over  many  state  conventions  and 
other  public  gatherings ;  has  held  a  number  of  prominent  posi 
trons  in  the  democratic  party  and  been  active  in  public  life  in 
Colorado  for  nearly  thirty  years.  He  was  from  Colorado  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Glen- 
wood  Springs,  Col. 

45.  Rucker,  Atterson  Walden,  United   States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Colorado,  was  born  April  3,  1847,  in  Har- 
rodsburg,  Mercer  county,  Ky.     He  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Kentucky  and  Missouri ;  served  four  years 
in  the  Confederate  army ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Lexington, 
Mo. ;  and  practiced  law  in  the  courts  of  Missouri  and  Kansas 
before  moving  to  Colorado  in  1879 ;  he  served  upon  the  bench 
(court  of  record)  in  Lake  county,  Col. ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  Colorado  for  the  term  of  1909-11  as  a  demo 
crat  ;  and  resides  in  Rucker  Ridge,  Col. 

46.  Martin,  John  A.,  from  the  second  district  of  Colorado, 
was  born  April  10,  1868,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Mexico  and  Fulton,  Mo. ;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  served  one  term  in  the  Colorado  general  assembly ;  was 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in 
Pueblo,  Col.  |  j 

47.  Bulkeley,  Morgan  Gardner,  United  States  senator  froin 
Connecticut,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1837,  in  East  Haddam,  Conn.  He 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  town  and 
at  the  Hartford  public  high  school.  In  1852  he  commenced  a 
business  life  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  as  clerk  and  partner  con 
tinued  until  1872.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  thirteenth  regi 
ment,  national  guard,  state  of  New  York;  and  served  at  Balti 
more  and  Suffolk,  Va.,  under  the  command  of  Brig.-Gen.  Max 
Weber.  He  returned  to  Hartford  in  1872;  and  at  once  became 
actively  interested  in  its  business  and  politics ;  organized  and 
was  the  first  president  of  the  United  States  bank ;  and  in  1879 
was  chosen  president  of  the  Aetna  life  insurance  company,  or 
ganized  by  his  father,  the  Hon.  Eliphalet  A.  Bulkeley.  For  four 


432  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICAN S 

terms  in  1880-88  he  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Hartford,  Conn, 
was  governor  in  1886-93.  We  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senator  for  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

48.  Brandegee,  Frank  Bosworth,  United  States  senator  from 
Connecticut,  was  born  July  8,  1864,  in  New  London,  Conn.     In 
1885   he  graduated   from  Yale  university.     Since   1888  he   has 
practiced  law  in  New  London,  Conn.     In  1888  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Connecticut  state  legislature;  and  in  1889-1903 
was   corporation  counsel  for  New  London.     In   1904    he    was 
president  of  the  republican  state  convention.    He  was  a  membei 
of  the  fifty-seventh   and  fifty-eighth  congresses  was   re-elected 
to  the  fifty-ninth  congress  from  the  third  district  of  Connecticut 
for  the  term  of  1905-07,  but  resigned  to  enter  the  United  States 
senate.     Since  1905  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate;  and  is  now  serving  the  term  ending  in  1915;  and  re 
sides  in  New  London,  Conn. 

49.  Tilson,  John  Quillan,  United  States  congressman-at-large 
from  Connecticut,  was  born  April  5,  1866,  in  Clearbranch,  Tenn. ; 
son  of  William  E.  and  Katherine  (Sams)  Tilson;  spent  his  early 
life  on  a  farm ;  educated  in  public  and  private  schools  and  Yale 
college,  graduating  from  the  latter  in  1891,  and  from  the  Yale 
law  school  in  1893 ;  began  the  practice  of  law  in  the  offices  of 
White  and  Daggett  in  New  Haven,  and!  later  became  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  White,  Diaggett  and  Tilson.    At  the  outbreak  of  the 
Spanish  war  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Haven  Grays,  one  of 
the  companies  of  the  second    regiment,    Connecticut    national 
guard ;  this  regiment,  not  being  designated  as  a  part  of  Connec 
ticut's  quota  for  the  war  he  accepted  a  commission  as  second 
lieutenant   in    the    sixth   United    States    volunteer    infantry;   at 
the  close  of  the  Spanish  war  he  immediately  returned  to  the 
second  regiment,  Connecticut  national  guard,  and  soon  rose  to 
the  rank  of  major.     In  1904  he  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  Connecticut  general  assembly  from  the  town  of  New  Haven : 
was  re-elected  in  1906,  and  was  speaker    of    the    Connecticut 
house  of  representatives  during  the  session  of  1907 ;  was  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

50.  Henry,  Edward  Stevens,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Connecticut,  was  born  in  1836  in  Gill,  Mass. 
He  has  been  mayor  of  Rockville ;  was  a  representative  in  the 
lower  house  of  the  Connecticut  general  assembly  of  1883 ;  and 
state  senator  in  1887-88.     He  was  delegate-at-large  to  the  Chi 
cago  national  republican  convention  in  1888 ;  and  treasurer  of 
the  state  of  Connecticut  from  1889  to  1893.     He  was  a  member 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  433 

of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  district  of  Connecticut 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Rockville,  Conn. 

51.  Sperry,  Nehemiah  Day,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Connecticut,  was  born  July  10,  1827,  in 
Woodbridge,  Conn.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  Haven 
common  council  in  1853 ;  in  1854  was  elected  an  alderman  of 
the  city;  and  was  selectman  in  1853.     He  was  elected  secretary 
of  state  in  1855 ;  and  re-elected  in  1856.     For  twenty-eight  years 
he  was  postmaster  of  New  Haven.     He  was  president  of  the 
chamber  of  commerce  of   New  Haven  and   was  bondman  for 
building  the  Monitor.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   am* 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  second  district  of  Connecticut  for 
the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

52.  Higgins,  Edwin  Werter,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Connecticut,  was  born  July  2,  1874,  in  Clin 
ton,   Conn.     In   1897  he  graduated  from  the  Yale  law  school ; 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  law.     In 
1899  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  state  legisla 
ture  ;  has  been  corporation  counsel  of  Norwich,  Conn. ;  a  deputy 
judge  of  the  city  courts,  health  officer  for  the  county  of  New 
London,  Conn. ;  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  city  of  Norwich ; 
a  delegate  to  the  republican  convention  in    1904;  and    for    six 
years  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  republican  state  central 
committee.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  con 
gresses  from  Connecticut  for  the  terms  of  1907-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Norwich,  Conn. 

53.  Hill,  Ebenezer  J.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
fourth  district  of  Connecticut,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1845,  in  Redding. 
Conn.    He  is  president  of  the  Norwalk  Gas  Light  company ;  and 
vice-president  of  the  National  bank  at  Norwalk.     He  has  served 
twice  as  burgess  of  Norwalk ;  and  twice  as  chairman  of  the  board 
of  school  visitors  of  Norwalk.     He  was  the  fourth  district  dele 
gate  to  the  national  republican  convention  of  1884 ;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  senate  in  1886-87.     He  served  one 
term  upon  the  republican  state  central  committee.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fourth 


434  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

district  of  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Norwalk,  Conn. 

54.  Du  Pont,  Henry  Algernon,  United  States  senator  from 
Delaware,  was  born  July  30,  1838,  at  the  Eleutherean  Mills,  New 
castle  county,  Del. ;  was  educated  at  private  schools ;  entered  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania  at  Philadelphia  in  1855,  where  he 
spent  a  year  in  the  sophomore  and  junior  classes,  leaving  the 
university  to  enter  the  United  States  military  academy  on  July  1, 
1856.  He  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  May  6,  1861 ;  was 
commissioned  second  lieutenant,  corps  of  engineers,  May  6, 
1861;  first  lieutenant,  fifth  regiment  U.  S.  artillery,  May  14, 
1861;  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  on  duty 
with  company  D,  fifth  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  May  8  to  July 
1,  1861,  and  with  his  own  regiment  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  July  2, 

1861,  to  April  18,  1862,  and  at  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  April  19, 

1862,  to  July  4,  1863 ;  acting  assistant   adjutant-general   April, 
1862,  to  July,  1863,  of  troops  in   New    York    harbor;  adjutant 
fifth  U.  S.  artillery  July  6,  1861,  until  his  promotion  as  captain, 
and  in  command  of  Light  Battery  B,  fifth  U.  S.  artillery,  from 
its  organization,  in  1862  ;  on  detached  service  from   regimental 
headquarters  with  battery  from  July  5,  1863,  to  March  24,  1864, 
in  the  field  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia,  and  West  Vir 
ginia  ;  captain,  fifth  U.  S.  artillery,  March  24,  1864,  and  in  com 
mand  of  Light  Battery  B  of  that  regiment  during  Siegel's  cam 
paign  in  the  valley  of  Virginia,  participating  in  the  battle  of 
Newmarket,  May  15,  1864;  was  chief  of  artillery,  department  of 
West  Virginia,  from  May  24  to  July  28,  1864,  and  commanded 
the  artillery  during  Hunter's  Lynchburg  campaign  at  the  battle 
of  Piedmont,  June  5,  engagement  at  Lexington,  June  11,  affair 
near   Lynchburg,  June   17,  battle  of  Lynchburg,  June  18,  and 
affairs  at  Liberty,  June  19,  and  Masons  Creek,  June  21,  1864: 
chief  of  artillery,  army  of  West    Virginia,  July    28,  1864,  and 
served  in  Sheridan's  campaign  in  the  valley  of  Virginia,  com 
manding  artillery  brigade  of  Crook's  corps,  taking  part  in  affairs 
with  the  enemy  at  Cedar  Creek ;  transferred  to  Light  Battery 
F,  fifth  U.  S.  artillery,  and  in  command  at  Camp  Williams,  near 
Richmond,  Va.,  October  28,  1866,  until  June  7,  1867,  when  he 
was  ordered  to  the  temporary  command  of  Fort  Monroe,  Va.. 
rejoining  his  battery  July  17,  1867,  and  receiving  the  thanks  of 
Major-General   Schofield,   commanding  the    First   Military   dis 
trict,  for  "his  efficient  services  at  Fortress  Monroe ;"  command 
ing  the  post  of  Camp  Williams  and  Light  Battery  F,  fifth  U. 
S.  artillery,  from  July  15,  1867,  to  October  1,  1868 ;  in  command 
of  Sedgwick  barracks,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  of  Light  Battery 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  435 

F,  fifth  U.  S.  artillery,  October  7,  1868,  until  July  3,  1870; 
served  at  Fort  Aldamis,  Newport,  R.  L,  in  command  of  Light 
Battery  F,  fifth  U.  S.  artillery,  July  5,  1870,  to  Jan.  16,  1873, 
and  of  the  post  from  July  28  to  Sept.  13,  1870,  and  July  15,  1871, 
to  May  17,  1872.  Was  made  brevet  major,  U.  S.  army,  Sept. 
19,  1864,  for  "gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of 
Opequan  and  Fishers  Hill,  Va. ;"  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  U. 
S.  army,  Oct.  19,  1864,  for  "distinguished  services  at  the  battle 
of  Cedar  Creek,"  and  awarded  a  congressional  medal  of  honor 
for  "most  distinguished  gallantry  and  voluntary  exposure  to  the 
enemy's  fire  at  a  critical  moment"  during  this  battle.  He  re 
signed  from  the  army  March  1,  1875,  and  was  president  and 
general  manager  of  the  Wilmington  and  Northern  railroad  com 
pany  from  1879  to  1899 ;  retired  from  active  business  a  numiber 
of  years  ago  and  has  been  chiefly  occupied  since  then  in  agri 
cultural  pursuits.  He  was  elected  United  States  senator  by  the 
legislature  June  13,  1906,  to  serve  the  unexpired  portion  of  the 
term  beginning  March  4,  1905,  receiving  28  votes,  to  1  for  John 
Edward  Addicks,  and  18  for  "Blank,"  cast  by  Democrats.  He 
took  his  seat  Dec.  3,  1906,  and  his  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Winterthur,  Del. 

55.  Richardson,  Harry  A.,  United  States  senator  from  Dela 
ware,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1853,  in  Camden,  Del.  He  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
state ;  and  attended  the  academy  of  East  Greenwich,  R.  I.  He  then 
entered  the  well-known  establishment  of  Richardson  and  Robins 
of  Dover,  Del.,  of  which  his  father  was  senior  member.  Upon 
the  death  of  the  junior  partner,  he  was  taken  into  partnership  by 
his  father;  and  at  the  death  of  his  father  in  1894  he  assumed  the 
entire  control  of  the  large  canning  establishment,  which  he  still 
manages  with  the  assistance  of  his  two  sons.  He  is  president 
of  the  First  national  bank  of  Dover ;  president  of  the  Delaware 
fire  insurance  company  of  Dover;  president  of  the  Dover  gas 
light  company ;  president  of  the  Diamond  state  telephone  com 
pany  of  Dover;  and  is  a  director  in  the  Bell  Telephone  company 
of  Philadelphia  and  other  corporations.  In  1890  he  was  the 
republican  nominee  for  governor  of  Delaware.  He  is  now 
United  States  senator  from  Delaware  for  the  term  of  1907-13 ; 
and  resides  in  Dover,  Del. 

56.  Heald,  William  Henry,  United  States  congressman-at- 
large  from  Delaware,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1864,  in  Wilmington, 
Del. ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Wilmington,  and  grad 
uated  from  the  high  school  in  that  city  in  1880;  the  same  year 
entered  the  sophomore  class  of  Delaware  college  and  graduated 


436  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

therefrom  in  1883;  read  law  with  Charles  B.  Lore,  now  chief 
justice  of  the  state;  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  Columbia 
university  of  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1888,  and  the  same  year  was 
appointed  national  bank  examiner  for  the  states  of  Montana, 
Idaho,  Washington,  and  Oregon,  where  he  served  for  four 
years;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  1897  and  is  still  prac 
ticing  his  profession;  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Wilming 
ton  by  President  Roosevelt  in  1901,  and  served  one  term;  was 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican;  and  resides 
in  Wilmington,  Del. 

57.  Taliaferro,  James  Piper,  United  States  senator  from  Flor 
ida,  was  born  Sept.  30,  1847,  in  Orange  Court  House,  Va.     He 
served  as  private  in  the  confederate  army.     He  engaged  in  log 
ging  and  sawmill  enterprise ;  and  is  now  identified  with  busi 
ness  interests  as  vice-president  of  a  leading  wholesale  grocery 
house  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.     He  'is  president  of  First  national 
bank  of  Tampa,  Fla.    He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  sen 
ate  in  1899 ;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1911  ; 
and  resides  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

58.  Fletcher,  Duncan  Upshaw,  United  States  senator  from 
Florida,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1859,  near  Americus,  Ga.   He  was  edu 
cated  at  Vanderbilt  university  of  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  and  soon  at 
tained  success  at  the  bar  of  Florida.  In  1893  he  was  a  representa 
tive  in  the  Florida  state  legislature ;  and  in  1893-95  and  1901-03 
was  mayor  of  Jacksonville,  FJa.    In  1896-98  he  was  president  of 
the  Jacksonville  bar  association ;  in  1906  became  president  of  the 
Citizens'  bank  of  Jacksonville ;  and  in  1900-06  was  chairman  of 
the  board  of  public  instruction  for  Duval  county,  Fla.     He  !s 
chairman  of  the   Florida  democratic   state  committee    for    the 
term  of  1904-08.     In  1909  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Jacksonville, 
Fla. 

59.  Sparkman,  Stephen  Melancthon,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  first  district  of  Florida,  was  born  July  29,  1849,  in 
Hernando    county,    Fla.      He    was    educated   in    the    common 
schools  of  Florida,  and  taught  school  for  about  three  years  for 
the  purpose  of  assisting  in  his  education.     He  read  law  under 
H.  L.  Mitchell,  now  governor  of  Florida,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1872 ;  and  has  since  practiced  in  the  courts  of  the 
state  and  the  United  States.    He  was  state  attorney  for  the  sixth 
judicial  circuit  in  1878-87 ;  was  a  member  of  the  state  and  con 
gressional  committees  in  1890-92,  when  he  was  elected  chairman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth   congresses.      He   was    re- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  437 

elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  district  of  Flor 
ida  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Tampa,  Fla. 

60.  Clark,  Frank,  United  States  congressman  from  the  second 
district  of  Florida,  was  born  March  28,  I860,  in  Eufaula,  Ala. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Alabama  and  Geor 
gia  ;  in  1884  he  removed  to  Florida  and  served  three  terms  in 
the  legislature  of  that  state ;  was  assistant  United  States  attor 
ney  for  the  southern  district  of  Florida;  and  was  chairman  of 
the  democratic  state  committee.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  second  district  of  Florida  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Gainesville,  Fla. 

61.  Mays,  Dannitte  Hill,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  of  Florida,  was  born  April  28,  1852,  in  Madison 
county,  Fla. ;  attended  the  country  schools  and  later  the  Wash 
ington  and  Lee  university  at  Lexington,  Va.,  from  1866  to  1870 ; 
returning  to  his  home  engaged  in  farming,  which  has  been  his 
life-long  occupation ;  in  1880  was  married  to  Emmala  Bellamy 
Parkhill;  served  three  terms  in  the  Florida  legislature,  and  one 
term  as  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives ;  was  elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Monticello, 
Fla. 

62.  Bacon,  Augustus  Octavius,  United  States  senator  from 
Georgia,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1839,  in  Bryan  county,  Ga.  He  was 
frequently  a  member  of  state  democratic  conventions ;  was  presi 
dent  of  the  state  democratic  convention  in  1880,  and  was 
delegate  from  the  state  at  large  to  the  national  democratic  con 
vention  in  Chicago  in  1884 ;  in  1868  he  was  elected  presidential 
elector  on  the  democratic  ticket ;  in  1871  was  elected  to  the 
Georgia  house  of  representatives,  on  which  body  he  has  served 
as  a  member  for  fourteen  years,  and  during  eight  years  was 
speaker.  He  was  several  times  a  candidate  for  the  democratic 
nomination  for  governor  of  Georgia ;  and  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  as  a  democrat  in  1894.  Since  1895  he  has 
been  a  member  to  the  United  States  senate  and  is  now  serving 
the  term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Macon,  Ga. 

63.  Clay,  Alexander  Stephens,  United  States  senator  from 
Georgia,  was  born  Sept.  25.  1863,  in  Cobb  county,  Ga.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  city  council  in  1880  and  re-elected  in 
1881;  and  in  1884-85  and  1886-87  represented  Cobb  county  in 
the  general  assembly  of  the  state.  In  the  latter  term  he  was 
elected  speaker  pro-tempore ;  was  re-elected  for  1889-90,  and 
served  as  speaker  for  two  years.  In  1892  he  was  elected  to  the 
state  senate,  and  served  as  president  of  that  body  for  two  years. 


438  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

In  1894  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  state  democratic  execu 
tive  committee,  and  conducted  the  state  campaign  between  the 
democrats  and  populists  that  year,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  position  in  1896,  and  still  occupies  the  place.  Since  1897 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1909-15 ;  and  resides  in  Marietta,  Ga. 

64.  Edwards,  Charles  Gordon,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  July  2,  1878,  in  Tatt- 
nall  county,  Ga.,  the  son  of  Hon.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  J.  Edwards,  of 
Daisy,  Ga. ;  is  the  fifth  of  seven  sons,  all  of  whom  are  grown 
and   prosperous   in   business;   educated   in   the   county  schools, 
Gordon    institute,    Barnesville,    Ga.,   agricultural   college,     Lake 
City,  Fla.,  and  the  university  of  Georgia,  graduating  B.L.  from 
the  latter  June,  1898 ;  has  since  practiced  his  profession  at  Reids- 
ville  and  Savannah ;  is  also  engaged  in  naval  stores,  farming, 
and  banking;  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  state  militia  until 
compelled  to  retire  because  of  ill  health,  serving  as  private,  cor 
poral,  and  sergeant  of  the  Savannah  volunteer  guards,  and  lieu- 
. tenant  of  the  Oglethorpe  light  infantry.     In  1900  Mr.  Edwards 
was  nominated  for  the  state  legislature  by  the  democrats  and 
indorsed  by  the  populists  of  Tattnall  county.  Ga, ;  but  not  desir 
ing  to  engage  in  politics  he  declined  the  nomination  and  moved 
to  Savannah ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  and  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Savan 
nah,  Ga. 

65.  Griggs,  James  Mathews,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  March  29,  1861,  in  La- 
grange,  Ga.     He  moved  to  Dawson  in  1885 ;  was  elected  solici 
tor-general  of  the  Patula  judicial  circuit  in  1888,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1892.     He  was  appointed  judge  of  the  same  circuit, 
and  was  twice  re-elected  without  opposition.    He  was  a  member 
of  the    fifty-fifth,     fifty-sixth,     fifty-seventh,     fifty-eighth,     fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second  district  of  Georgia 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Dawson,  Ga. 

66.  Hughes,  Dudley  Mays,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district,  was  born  Oct.  10,  1848,  in  Twiggs  county,  Ga. 
His  youth  was  passed  on  his  father's  plantation,  his  education  be 
ing  received  in  the  country  schools  and  later  at  the  university  of 
Georgia,  at  Athens.    He  began  business  life  in  1870  and  has  since 
conducted   large  agricultural   interests ;   Nov.   25,   1873,  married 
Mary  Frances,  daughter  of  Capt.   Hugh   L.   Dennard,  and  has 
three  children — two  sons  and  one  daughter;  was  elected  state 
senator,  serving  one  term,  retiring  voluntarily;  was  elected  presi- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  439 

dent  of  the  Georgia  state  agricultural  society,  serving  four  years 
with  great  ability,  declining  re-election ;  was  commissioner-gen 
eral  of  Georgia  to  the  world's  fair  at  St.  Louis ;  for  twenty 
years  has  been  connected  with  the  educational  interests  of  his 
state,  being  trustee  of  his  home  school,  of  the  state  normal  in 
stitute,  and  of  the  university  of  Georgia;  as  a  farmer,  and  not 
a  practical  railroad  man,  he  led  in  the  construction  of  the  Macon, 
Dublin  and  Savannah  railroad,  a  line  running  from  Macon  to 
Dublin,  which  was  built  after  years  of  effort ;  was  elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Danville,  Ga. 

67.  Adamson,  William  Charles,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1854,  in 
Bowdon,  Ga.    He  spent  his  youth  alternately  in  working  on  the 
farm  and  in  hauling  goods  and  cotton  between  Atlanta  and  Bow- 
don  ;  took  the  collegiate  course  at  Bowdoin  college,  graduating 
with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1874,  the  degree  of  A.M.  being  conferred 
a  few  years  later  by  the  same  institution.     He  was  admitted  to 
tihe  bar  October,  1876,  and  has  lived  at  Carrollton,   Ga.,  ever 
since.     He  was  judge  of  the  city  court  of  Carrollton  from  1885 
to  1899,  and  was  attorney  for  the  city  of  Carrollton  for  a  num 
ber  of  years ;  and  was  presidential  elector  in  1892.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re- 
elected   to  the   sixty-first   congress   from   the   fourth   district  of 
Georgia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Carrollton,  Ga. 

68.  Livingston,  Leonidas  Felix,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  April  3,  1832,  in  New 
ton  county,  Ga.    He  was  a  private  soldier  in  the  confederate  army 
in  1861-65.     He  was  for  two  terms  a  member  of  the  house  of 
representatives ;  and   one   term  a   member  of  the   state   senate. 
He  was  vice-president  of  the  Georgia  state  agricultural  society 
for  eleven  years ;  and  president  of  the  same  for  four  years.     He 
was  president  of  the  Georgia  alliance  for  three  years.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth, 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was    re-elected    to    the    sixty-first 
congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  Georgia  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11;  and  resides  in  Covington,  Ga. 

69.  Bartlett,  Charles  Lafayette,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1853,  in  Mon- 
ticello,  Jasper  county,  Ga. ;  removed  from  Monticello  to  Macon, 
Ga.,  in  1875,  and  has  resided  in  Macon  since  then ;  was  educated 
in  the  schools  at  Monticello,  the  university  of  Georgia,  and  the 
university  of  Virginia ;  graduated  at  the  university  of  Georgia 


440  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

in  August,  1870;  studied  law  at  the  university  of  Virginia  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  August,  1872;  was  appointed  solici 
tor-general  (prosecuting  attorney)  for  the  Macon  judicial  court 
Jan.  31,  1877,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  Jan.  31,  1881; 
was  elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of  Georgia  in  1882 
and  1883,  and  again  in  1884  and  1885,  and  to  the  state  senate  in 
1888  and  1889,  from;  the  twenty-second  senatorial  district;  was 
elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  the  Macon  circuit  Jan.  1, 
1893,  and  resigned  that  office  May  1,  1894;  was  nominated  by 
the  democrats  as  a  candidate  for  congress,  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Macon,  Ga. 

70.  Lee,  Gordon,  United  States  congressman  from  the  sev 
enth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  May  29,  1859,  near  Ringgold, 
Ga.  He  graduated  from  Emery  college  of  Oxford,  Ga.    He  is  a 
farmer  and  manufacturer.    He  served  as  a  member  of  the  house 
of  representatives  of  the  state  legislature  in  1894-95 ;  and  in  the 
senate  in  1892.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  seventh  district  of  Georgia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Chickamauga,  Ga. 

71.  Howard,  William  Marcellus,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1857,  in  Ber 
wick  City,  La.     In  1884-96  was  solicitor-general  of  the  northern 
judicial  circuit  of  Georgia.     He  was  a  memiber  of  the  fifty-fifth, 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was    re-elected    to    the    sixty-first 
congress  from  the  eighth  district  of  Georgia  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Lexington,  Ga. 

72.  Bell,  Thomas  Montgomery,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  in  1861  in  Georgia. 
He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs 
of  Gainesville,  Ga. ;  and  in  1904  was  elected  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Gainesville, 
Ga. 

73.  Hardwick,  Thomas  William,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  tenth  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1872,  at  Thom- 
asville,   Ga.     He   attended   college   first   at   Gordon  institute  of 
Barnesville,  Ga. ;  and  later  at  Mercer  university  of  Macon,  Ga. 
He  graduated  from  Lumpkin  law  school  of  university  of  Georgia 
in  1893  with  the  degree  of  B.L.     In  1895-97  he  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Washington  county;  and  in  1898-1903  was  a  mem- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  441 

her  of  the  Georgia  house  of  representatives.  In  1900-01  he  was 
captain  of  company  D,  sixth  regiment  infantry  Georgia  state 
troops.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  Georgia  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  tenth  district  of 
Georgia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Sandersville,  Ga. 

74.  Brantley,  William  Gordon,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  Georgia,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1860,  in 
Blackshear,  Ga.     He  represented  Pierce  county  in  the  Georgia 
house  of  representatives  in  1884-85 ;  and  represented  third  sena 
torial  district  in  Georgia  senate  in  1886-87.     In  1888-96  he  was 
solicitor-general  of  Brunswick  circuit  in  1888  for  a  term  of  four 
years,  and  re-elected  in  1892  for  another  term  of  four  years.   He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eleventh  dis 
trict  of  Georgia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Bruns 
wick,  Ga. 

75.  Heyburn,  Weldon  Brinton,  United  States  senator  from 
Idaho,  was  born  May  23,  1852,  in  Delaware  county,  Pa.    He  re 
ceived  a  thorough  academic  education ;  and  also  studied  under 
private  tutors.     He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1876 ;  and   has   continuously   practiced  his  profession   since 
that  time.     In  1883  he  settled  in  Shoshone  county,  Idaho;  and 
has  always  supported  the  republican  party.     In  1888-1892  and 
1900  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  conventions; 
and  in  1898  was  the  nominee  of  the  republican  party  for  con 
gress.     He  was  defeated  as  a  member  of  the  fifty-eig;hth  con 
gress    from    Idaho    by    the    combination    of   silver    republicans, 
democrats  and  populists.     He  is  a  member  of  the  republican 
national  committee  for  Idaho  for  the  term  of  1904-08.     Since 
1903  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  from 
Idaho  as  a  republican ;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Wallace,  Idaho. 

76.  Borah,  William  Edgar,  United  States  senator  from  Idaho, 
born  June  29,  1865,  in  Wayne  county,  111. ;  was  educated  in  the 
common    schools   of   Wayne   county,   at   the    Southern    Illinois 
academy,  Enfield,  111.,  and  at  the  Kansas  state  university,  Law 
rence  ;  was  admitted  to  practice  law  September,  1890,  at  Lyons, 
Kans.,  and  devoted  his  entire  time  since  exclusively  to  practice 
of  the  law  until  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  Jan.  15,  1907. 
His  term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1913.    He  is  a  resident 
of  Boise,  Idaho. 

77.  Hamer,    Thomas    Ray,  United    States    congressman-at- 


442  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

large  from  Idaho,  was  born  May  4,  1864,  in  Vermont,  111.  He  was 
elected  to  the  state  legislature  of  Idaho  from  Fremont  county. 
During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  raised  a  company  of  in 
fantry,  and  was  commissioned  captain.  While  serving  in  the 
Philippine  Islands  he  was  appointed  provost  judge  in  Manila. 
He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Coloocan ;  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel;  and  became  military  governor  of  the  island 
of  Cebu.  In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Idaho  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  St.  Anthony, 
Idaho. 

78.  Cullom,  Shelby  Moore,  United  States  senator  from  Illi 
nois,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1829,  in  Wayne  county,  Ky.     He  was 
elected  city  attorney  of  Springfield ;  was  elected  a  representative 
in  the  state  legislature  in  1856;  was  again  elected  to  the  legisla 
ture  in  1860,  and  was  chosen  speaker.    He  was  elected  as  repre 
sentative  from  state  of  Illinois  to  the  thirty-ninth  and  forty-first 
congresses.     He  was  again  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the 
state   legislature   in    1872,   and   again   chosen   speaker ;   was   re- 
elected  in  1874;  and  in  1876  was  elected  governor  of  Illinois  for 
the  term  of  four  years,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880.     Since  1883 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1907-13 ;  and  resides  in  Springfield,  Ills. 

79.  Lorimer,  William,  United  States  senator  from  Illinois, 
was  born  April  27,  1861,  in  England.    He  was  superintendent  of 
the  main  water  extension  of  the  city  of  Chicago  under  Mayor 
Roche ;   and   superintendent   of    the    water    department    under 
Mayor  Washburne.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty- 
fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth   and  six 
tieth  congresses  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congresses  from  the  sixth  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  Ills. 

80.  Madden,  Martin  B.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  March  20,  1855.     He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  and  business  colleges ;  was  member 
of  the  Chicago  city  council  in  1889-97 ;  presiding  officer  of  that 
body  in  1891-93 ;  and  chairman  of  the  finance  committee  in  1892- 
97.     He  was  chairman   of  the   republican   state   convention   in 
1896 ;  and  delegate  to  the  national  conventions  of  1896  and  1900. 
He  is  president  of  the  Western  Stone  company  of  Chicago;  and 
a  director  of  the  Metropolitan  trust  and  savings  bank  of  Chi 
cago.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  dis 
trict  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11  ;  and  resides  in  Chicago, 
111. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  443 

81.  Mann,  James  R.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1856,  in  Bloomington, 
111.  He  was  elected  alderman  from  the  thirty-second  ward  to  the 
Chicago   city  council   and   re-elected   in   1894;   in   the   Chicago 
city  council  for  three  years;  and  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary 
committee.     In    1894   he   was   the    temporary   chairman   of   the 
republican  state  convention,  and  in  1895  was  the  chairman  of 
the   Cook   county   republican   convention.      In   1892-96   he   was 
a  master  in  chancery  of  the  superior  court  of  Cook  county.     In 
1895  he  was  elected  by  the  South  Park  commissioners  of  Chi 
cago  as  general  attorney  for  the  park  board.     He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a    republican.     He    was    re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second  district  of 
Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

82.  Wilson,  William  Warfield,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  third  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  March  2,  1869,  in  Bu 
reau  county,  111.  He  received  a  literary,  commercial  and  legal  edu 
cation  ;  and  in  1893  was  admitted  to  the  bar.    He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  for  Illi 
nois  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gresses  from  the  third  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  Ills. 

83.  McDermott,  James  T.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Feb.  13,  1872,  in  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.     He  was  educated  at  the  St.  Andrew  parochial 
school.    By  profession  he  is  a  telegraph  operator;  and  for  many 
years  was  connected  with  the  Western  Union  and  Postal  tele 
graph  companies.     In  1893-1906  he  was  in  the  telegraph  office 
of  Nelson  Morris  and  company  of  Chicago,  111.     Be  is  the  pro 
prietor  of  a  cigar  store  in  Chicago ;  and  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  his  community.     He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  fourth  dis 
trict  of  Illinois ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

84.  Sabath,  Adolph  Joseph,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  April  4,  1866,  in  Bohemia. 
In  1889  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Chicago,  111.     In  1895  he 
was  appointed  justice  of  the  peace;  and  in  1897  became  police 
justice.     He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  fifth 
district  of  Illinois ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
for  term  ending-  in  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

85.  Vacant.     Sixth  district  of  Illinois. 

86.  Lundin,  Frederick,  United  States  congressman  from  the 


444  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

seventh  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  May  18,  1868,  in  the  parish 
of  West  Tollstad,  province  of  Ostergotland,  Sweden.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools ;  is  president  of  Lundin  and  Co., 
manufacturing  chemists.  From  1894  to  1898  he  was  a  member 
of  the  state  senate  of  Illinois;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

87.  Gallagher,  Thomas,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
eighth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  in  1850,  in  Concord,  N.H. 
He  moved  to  Chicago,  111. ;  and    was    educated    in    the    public 
schools.     He  learned  the  trade  of  iron  moulder;  and  in  1878  he 
entered  the  hat  business;  and  has  since  been  a  dealer  in  hats. 
He  is  a  director  of  the  Cook  county  state  savings  bank ;  and 
was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Chicago  city  council.     For 
six  years  he  was  a  member    of  the    board    of    education;  has 
served  as  president  of  the  county  democracy;  and  as  chairman 
of  the  county  central  comimittee.    In  1909-11  he  was  a  represen 
tative  from  Illinois  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ; 
and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

88.  Boutell,  Henry  Sherman,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Illlinois  was  born  March  14,  1856,  in  Boston, 
Mass.     He  was   graduated    from   the   Northwestern   university 
in  1874;  and  while  there  he  won  the  oratorical  prize  every  year. 
Next  he  went  to  Harvard  and  was  graduated  in  1876,  and  was 
given  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  civil  and  international  law.    He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879 ;  and  in  1884  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature.       He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the   sixty-first 
congress  from  the  ninth  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

89.  Foss,  George  Edmund,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  tenth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  July  2,  1863,  in  Berk 
shire,  Vt.     He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Chicago.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  tenth  dis 
trict  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Chicago, 
111. 

90.  Snapp,    Howard    Malcolm,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Sept.  27,  1855, 
in  Joliet,   111.     He   was   educated   in    the    public    schools,   with 
three  years  at  the  Chicago  university.     He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  republican  convention  of  1896 ;  and  was  master  in 
chancery  from   1884  to   1903.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  445 

eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Illinois  as  a 
republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Joliet,  111. 

91.  Fuller,  Charles  E.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
twelfth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  March  31,  1849,  in  Flora, 
111.,    As  a  lawyer  he  has  filled  the  positions  of  city  attorney  ci 
Belvidere,  111.,  and  state's  attorney  of  Boone  county.  For  six  years 
he  served  as  a  representative  in  the  general  assembly  of  Illinois ; 
and  eight  years  as  state  senator.    In  1897-1903  he  was  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Illinois.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twelfth  dis 
trict  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Belvidere, 
111. 

92.  Lowden,  Frank  Orren,  United  States  congressman  from 
the   thirteenth   district   of   Illinois   was   born   January   26,   1861, 
at   Sunrise   City,    Minn. ;   was   educated    in   the   public    schools 
of  Iowa  and  at  the  Iowa  State  University,  graduating  from  that 
insttiution  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  June,  1885 ;  in  1887  was 
graduated  from  the  Union  College  of  Law,  Chicago,  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B. ;  practiced  law  in  Chicago  until  July  1,  1903 ; 
since  then  has  been  a  farmer  and  stock  breeder;  married  Miss 
Florence  Pullman,  of  Chicago,  April  29,  1895;  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Republican  national  committee  from  Illinois  in  1904, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  during  the  cam 
paign  to  that  year,  assigned  to  western  headquarters  in  Chicago : 
was  elected  November  6,  1906,  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  fifty-ninth 
congress  and  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress,  as  a  republican  and  resides  in  Oregon,  111. 

93.  McKinney,  James,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
fourteenth  district  of  Illinois  was  born  April  14,  1852,  at  Oqu- 
awga,  111.,  the  son  of  John  McKinney,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
of  western   Illinois ;   was   educated   in   the   public    schools   and 
Monmouth  College,  graduating  from  the  latter  in  1874,  and  re 
ceiving  the  degree  of  A.M.,  several  years  later.  Upon  leaving 
college  he  joined  his  father  in  business,  and  upon  the  death  of 
the  latter  was  elected   president  of  the  Aledo  bank.     In   1894 
Mr.  McKinney  became  a  member  of  the  Republican  state  com 
mittee,  serving  twelve  years,  until  1906 ;  in  1900  he  was  chair 
man  of  the  executive  committee  of  that  body,  and  in  the  cam 
paign  of  1904  was  a  member  of  the  managing  committee,  having 
direct  charge  of  the  Presidential  campaign  in  Illinois ;  was  ap 
pointed  by  Governor  Yates  in  1901  a  member  of  the  State  rail- 


446  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

road  and  warehouse  commission,  but  resigned  in  1902 ;  in  Octo 
ber,  1908,  was  elected  president  of  the  Illinois  Bankers'  Asso 
ciation  ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress  at  a  special 
election  held  November  7,  1905,  to  fill  a  vacancy  and  elected  to 
the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican  ;and  resides  in  Aledo,  111. 

94.  Prince,  George  W.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
fifteenth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  March  4,  1854,  in  Tazewell 
county,  111.     He  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  gen 
eral  assembly   of   Illinois   in   1888-94.     He   was   elected   to   the 
fifty-fourth  congress  at  a  special  election  held  in  1895,  to  fill 
vacancy ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  the 
fifteenth  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Galesburg,  111. 

95.  Graff,   Joseph    Verdi,   United    States   congressman   from 
the    sixteenth    district    of    Illinois,    was    born    July    1,    1854,    in 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.     He  moved  to  Illinois ;  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national   republican   convention   at   Minneapolis  in   1892. 
He  has  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  ever  since  his  admission 
to  the  bar.     He   was  a   member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth, 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  sixteenth  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909- 
II ;  and  resides  in  Peoria,  111. 

96.  Sterling,  John  A.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
seventeenth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1857,  near  Leroy, 
111.    He  attended  the  public  schools ;  and  took  the  classical  course 
at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university.     He  was  superintendent  of 
the  public  schools  of  Lexington  for  two  years ;  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1884.    He  was  state's  attorney  of  McLean  county  in 
1892-96 ;  and  a  member-at-large  of  the  republican  state  central 
committee  of  Illinois  in  1896-98.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Illinois  as  a  re 
publican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
seventeenth  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Bloomington,  111. 

97.  Cannon,  Joseph  G.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
eighteenth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  May  7,  1836,  in  Gttilford. 
N.  C.     He  was  state's  attorney  in  Illinois  from  1861  to  1868 ;  and 
was  elected   to   the   forty-third,   forty-fourth,   forty-fifth,   forty- 
sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first, 
fifty-second,   fifty-third,   fifty-fourth    fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  re- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  447 

publican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
eighteenth  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Danville,  111. 

98.  McKinley,  William  Brown,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  nineteenth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1856,  in 
Petersburg,  111.     He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools ;  and 
studied  two  years  in  the  university  of  Illinois.    He  has  been  prin 
cipally  engaged  in  building  electrical  railroads;  and  is  president 
of  the  Illinois  traction  company.    He  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  university  of  Illinois.     He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-ninth  and   sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  nineteenth  district  of  Illinois  as  a 
republican  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Champaign,  III. 

99.  Rainey,  Henry  T.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
twentieth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Aug.  20,  1860,  in  Carroll- 
ton,  111.    He  was  educated  in   the   public   schools   of   his   native 
town,  at  Knox  academy  and  Knox  college,  Galesburg,  111.,  and  at 
Amherst  college,  Massachusetts.     During  the  earlier  part  of  his 
career  as  a  lawyer  he  was  master  in  chancery  in  Greene  county, 
111.,  for  six  years,  resigning  that  position  in  order  to  attend  to  his 
increasing  law  practice.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Illinois  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twentieth 
district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Carroll 
ton,  111. 

100.  Graham,  James  M.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
twenty-first  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  April  14,  1852,  in  Ire 
land  ;  came  to  Sangamon  county,  111.,  in  1868 ;  when  of  age  began 
teaching  in  the  public  schools  of  Champaign  county,  111.,  and  con 
tinued  teaching  for  about  seven  years ;  while  teaching  began  the 
study  of  law  under  Hon.  William  A.  Day,  then  of  Champaign, 
afterwards  second  auditor  of  the  treasury  under  President  Cleve 
land,  and  finished  reading  under  Judge  James  A.  Creighton,  of 
Springfield ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1885 ;  was  elected  and 
served  one  term  as  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  in 
the  thirty-fourth   general   assembly  of  Illinois  for  the  twenty- 
ninth  district,  and  was  elected  to  the  office  of  state's  attorney  of 
Sangarnon  county  in  1892,  serving  four  years ;  since  then  Mr. 
Graham  has  given  his  entire  time  to  the  practice  of  law;  was 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  Illinois  as  a  democrat,  and 
resides  in  Springfield,  111. 

101.  Rodenberg,   William   A.,   United    States   congressman 
from  the  twenty-second  district  of   Illinois,  was    born    Oct.    30, 
1865,  in  Chester,  111.     In  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  national  re- 


448  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

publican  convention.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
eighth,  fiity-ninth  and  the  sixtieth  congresses  from  Illinois  as  a 
republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  twenty-second  district  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  East  St.  Louis,  111. 

102.  Foster,  Martin  D.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
twenty-third  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1861,  on  a  farm 
near  West  Salem,  Edwards  county,  111.    He  attended  the  public 
schools  in  the  winter  and  worked  on  the  farm  in  the  summer,  and 
later  attended  Eureka  college  at  Eureka,  111.;  began  the  study  of 
medicine  in  the  Eclectic  medical  institute  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
graduating  in  1882,  also  graduating  from  the  Hahnemann  medical 
college  at  Chicago,  111.,  in  1894,  and  began  the  practice  of  medi 
cine  in  Olney,  111.,  in  1882 ;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  United 
States  examining  surgeons  from  1885  to  1889,  and  from  1893  to 
1897.    He  was  elected  mayor  of  Olney  in  1895  and  again  in  1902. 
He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress;  re-elected  to  the  sixty 
first  congress  as  a  democrat  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Olney,  111. 

103.  Chapman,  Pleasant  Thomas,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twenty-fourth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1854, 
in  Johnson  county,  Va.    In  1877  he  was  elected  superintendent  of 
the  Johnson  county  schools,  and  re-appointed  for  a  short  time  in 
1881.    In  1882  he  was  elected  county  judge;  and  in  1890-94  was 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  senate.     He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  twenty-fourth  district  of  Illinois  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Vienna,  111. 

104.  Thistlewood,  Napoleon  B.,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twenty-fifth  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  March  30, 1837, 
in  Kent  county,  Del. ;  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  that  state ;  moved  to  Illinois  in  1858 ;  enlisted  in 
the  union  army  in  1862,  and  carried  a  musket  for  more  than  two 
years ;  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Richard  Yates  Sept.  24, 
1864,  as  captain  of  company  C,  ninety-eighth  Illinois  infantry; 
served  in  the  army  of  the  Cumberland,  in  Wilder's  brigade ;  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Stone  River,  Tallahoma,  Chickamauga, 
Farmington,  Tenn.,  Mission  Ridge,  and  the  Atlanta  campaign ; 
served  with  Wilson's  cavalry  corps  and  was  wounded  at  Selma, 
Ala.,  April  2,  1865 ;  was  mayor  of  Cairo  from  1879  to  1883,  and 
again  from  1897  to  1901 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy ;  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republi 
can  ;  and  resides  in  Cairo,  111. 

105.  Beveridge,  Albert  Jeremiah,  United  States  senator  from 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  449 

Indiana,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1862,  on  an  Ohio  farm  on  the  borders 
of  Adams  and  Highland  counties.  He  practiced  law ;  and  attained 
note  as  an  orator  and  republican  campaign  speaker.  He  began 
life  as  a  plow-boy  at  the  age  of  twelve ;  was  a  railroad  laborer  at 
the  age  of  fourteen ;  a  logger  and  teamster  at  the  age  of  fifteen ; 
and  then  attended  high  school.  He  read  law  and  subsequently 
became  identified  with  many  important  law  cases.  He  is  the 
author  of  The  Young  Man  and  the  World.  Since  1899  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

106.  Shively,  Benjamin  F.,  United  States  senator  from  Indi 
ana,  was  born  March  20,  1857,  in  St.  Joseph  county,  Ind.;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  county  and  at  the  Valpa 
raiso  university  of  Indiana  and  the  university  of  Michigan ;  taught 
school  from  1874  to  1880,  after  which  he  engaged  in  journalism ; 
is  the  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Indiana  university ;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  representative  to  the  short  term  of  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy ;  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses ;  declined  a  re- 
nomination  in  1892 ;  was  the  democratic  nominee  for  governor  of 
Indiana  in  1896;  received  the  complimentary  vote  of  the  demo 
crats  in  the  general  assembly  for  United  States  senator  in  1903 
and  1905 ;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in  January, 
1909.  His  term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1915;  and  resides 
in  South  Bend,  Ind. 

107.  Boehne,  John  W.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  October  28,  1856,  in  Vander- 
burg  county,   Ind. ;  was   reared   on  a  farm ;  attended   the   dis 
trict   public   school   and   the    German   parochial   school   of   the 
Lutheran  Church ;  later  attended  business  college ;  at  the  age 
of  16  he  became  a  resident  of  Evansville ;  later  became  an  ac 
countant;  since  1881  has  been  a  manufacturer  of  stoves  and 
ranges;  is  also  interested   in  other  manufacturing  enterprises. 
In  1897  he  w'as  elected  councilman  at  large,  and  re-elected  in 
1899;  in  1901  was  nominated  for  mayor,  but  declared  not  elected 
by  82  votes ;  in  1905  was  again  a  candidate  for  mayor  and  was 
elected  by  a  majority  of  1,590;  was  serving  his  third  year  as 
mayor  when  nominated  for  congress ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  Congress,  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Evansville,  Ind. 

108.  Cullop,  William  A.,  United   States   congressman   from 
the  second  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Knox 
County,   Ind.,   March   28,   1853 ;  attended   the   common   schools 
until  prepared  for  college;  entered  Hanover  College  in  Septem 
ber,  1874,  and  was  graduated  therefrom  in  June,  1878;  received 


450  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1883 ;  taught  for  two  years  in  the  Viu- 
cennes  University  ;  then  studied  law  and  was  duly  admitted  to 
practice  at  Vincennes,  Ind.,  in  June,  1880,  and  began  practice 
at  once.  Was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  twelfth  judicial  cir 
cuit  from  1883  to  1886 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  legislature 
1891  and  1893;  at  the  later  session  was  chairman  of  the  ways 
and  means  committee  of  the  house,  and  leader  of  his  party  on 
the  floor ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  conventions 
of  1892  and  1896 ;  in  1892  was  the  Indiana  member  of  the  com 
mittee  to  notify  Cleveland  and  Stevenson  of  their  nomination ; 
in  1900  was  a  candidate  for  elector  on  the  Democratic  ticket ; 
in  1904  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  resolutions  at  the 
Indiana  democratic  state  convention,  and  reported  the  platform 
to  the  convention  ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat ;  and  resides  in  Vincennes,  Ind. 

109.  Cox,  William  Elijah,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  in  Dubois  County,  Ind., 
September  6,  1865 ;  is  a  graduate  of  the  Lebanon  University,  of 
Lebanon,  Tenn.,  and  of  the  law  department  of  the  University 
of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor ;  is  an  attorney  at  law,  admitted  as  such 
on  the  10th  day  of  July,  1889 ;  served  as  prosecuting  attorney  of 
his  judicial  district  from  1892  to  1898 ;  was  elected  to  the  six 
tieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the   sixty-first   congress,  as  a 
democrat;  and  resides  in  Jasper,  Ind. 

110.  Dixon,  Lincoln,  United   States   congressman   from  the 
fourth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  Feb.  9,  1860,  in  Vernon, 
Ind.     In  1880  he  graduated  from  the  Indiana  state  university. 
In  1884-92  he  was  prosecuting  attorney;  and  for  many  years 
was  a  member  of  the  demtocratic  state  committee.    He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from   the  fourth  district  of  Indiana 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  North  Vernon,  Ind. 

111.  Moss,  Ralph  W.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
€ifth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  at  Center  Point,  Clay  County, 
"Ind.,  April  21,  1862 ;  secured  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  the  township,  with  two  years  additional  work  in  Purdue  Uni 
versity  ;  is  a  farmer ;  his  parents  were  poor,  and  he  has  actively 
engaged   in  the  labor  of  cultivating  his   farm;  was   elected   to 
the  Indiana  state  senate  in  1904,  serving  four  years ;  was  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Center 
Point,  Ind. 

112.  Barnard,  William  O.,  United  States  senator  from   the 
sixth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  in  Union  County,  Ind.,  Octo 
ber  25,  1852;  grew  up  on  a  farm;  was  educated  in  the  com- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  451 

mon  schools  and  at  Spiceland  Academy ;  taught  school  for  five 
years;  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in  1886,  1888,  and 
1890 ;  elected  judge  of  the  Fifty-third  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana 
in  1896,  and  served  six  years;  was  elected  to  the  sixty -first 
congress,  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Newcastle,  Ind. 

113.  Korbly,  Charles  A.,  United  States     senator     from     the 
seventh  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  March  24,  1871,  in  Madi 
son,  Ind.;  attended  the  parochial  school  at  that  place  until  14 
years  old ;  then  studied  law  with  his  father,  the  late  Charles  A. 
Korbly;  attended  St.  Joseph  College,  near  Effingham,  111.,  for 
two  terms;  was  a  reporter  and  editor  of  the  Madison  Herald  for 
three  years,  then  moved  to  Indianapolis  and  resumed  the  study 
of  law;  has  never  before  held  office;  was  elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  Congress,  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

114.  Adair,  John  A.  M.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
eighth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  D!ec.  22,  1863,  in  Portland, 
Ind.     He  was  educated  at  the  high  schools  of  Portland,  Ind.  He 
has  been  city  clerk  of  Portland,  Ind.;  and  in  1902-03  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Indiana  state  legislature.     He  is  a  successfu: 
banker ;  president  of  the  First  National  bank  of  Portland,  Ind  . 
and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  of  public  affairs  of 
this   city,   county   and   state.     He   was   elected   to   the   sixtieth 
congress  from  the  eighth  district  of  Indiana ;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  term  ending  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Portland,  Ind. 

115.  Morrison,  Martin  Andrew,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born,  at  Frankfort,  Ind., 
April  15,  1862 ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city, 
graduating  from  its  high  school  in  June,  1878 ;  graduated  from 
Butler  University  in  June,  1883,  receiving  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Arts ;  in  June,  1886,  graduated  from  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  receiving  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws ;  from   Butler 
University,   in   June,   1887 ;    received   the   degree   of  Master   of 
Arts ;  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  since  1886 ;  served 
two  terms  as  county  attorney  and  one  term  as  a  merrber  of  the 
school  board  of  the  city  of  Firankfort ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  Congress,  as  a  democrat ; ;  and  resides  in  Frankfort,  Ind. 

116.  Crumpacker,  Edgar  Dean,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  tenth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  May  27,  1851,  in 
Laporte   county,    Ind.      He    was    prosecuting   attorney    for    the 
thirty-first  judicial  district  of  Indiana  from  1884  to  1888 ;  served 
as  appellate  judge  in  the  state  of  Indiana  in  1891-93.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.    He  was  re- 


452  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  tenth  district  of  Indi 
ana  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Valparaiso,  Ind. 

117.  Rauch,  George  Washington,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  Indiana,  son  of  Philip  and  Marthn 
Rauch,  was  born  near  Warren,  Huntington  county,  Ind.,  Feb. 
22,  1876;  was  educated  in  the  common  school  and  at  the  Val- 
pariso  academy   and   Northern   Indiana   Law   School ;   was   ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1902,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Mar 
ion,  Ind.;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth -congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Marion, 
Ind. 

118.  Cline,    Cyrus,    United    States    congressman    from    the 
twelfth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  in  Richland  County,  Ohio, 
July  12,  1856,  the  son  of  Michael  and  Barbara  Cline ;  his  parents 
moved  very  early  to  Steuben  County,  Ind.,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since.     He  was  educated  in  the  Angola  high  school  and 
Hillsdale  College,  Mich.,  graduating  in  the  scientific  course  in 
1876,  receiving  the  Master's  degree  in  1878 ;  was  elected  super 
intendent  of  schools  of  Steuben  county  in  1877,  and  remained  ii 
that  work  till  1883 ;  in  1884  began  the  practice  of  law,  continu 
ing  in  the  practice  to  this  time.     Mr.  Cline  also  engaged  in  the 
banking  business  in  connection  with  several  other  gentlemei.% 
who  organized  the  First  National   Bank  of  Angola  in  Novem 
ber,  1903 ;  at  that  time  Mr.  Cline  was  elected  as  its  president, 
and  has  continued  in  that  capacity  ever  since.     He  was  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Angola, 
Ind. 

119.  Barnhart,  Henry  A.,  United   States  congressman  from 
the  thirteenth  district  of  Indiana,  was  born  near  Twelve  Mile, 
a  village  in  Cass  County,  Ind.,  the  son  of  a  German  Baptist  (or 
Dunkard)     minister.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools. 
Amboy  Academy,  and  Wabash  Normal  Training  School ;  taught 
school  in  Cass  county  several  terms  and  soon  after  moved  to 
Fulton  county.     He  was  elected  county  surveyor,  and  a  year 
later  purchased  the  Rochester  Sentinel  and  has  been  its  pub 
lisher  and  editor  ever  since.     Mr.  Barnhart  has  been  president 
and  manager  of  the  Rochester  Telephone  Company,  and  presi 
dent  of  the  National  Telephone  Association,  holding  that  posi 
tion  for  two  years ;  was  a  director  of  the  Northern  Prison  at 
Michigan  city  for  three  years;  a  trustee  of  the  hospital  for  the 
insane  at  Longcliff  for  seven  years,  and  looks  after  the  interests 
of  a  farm  in  Fulton  county.     He  is  married  and  has  two  sons 
and  a  foster  daughter.     He  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
sixtieth  congress,  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Rochester, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  453 

120.  Dolliver,  Jonathan  Prentiss,  United  States  senator  from 
Iowa,  was  born   Feb.  6,  1858,  in   Kingswood,  Va.     He  was  a 
member  of   the   fifty-first,   fifty-second,   fifty-third,   fifty-fourth, 
fifty-sixth  and  fifty-seventh  congresses  as  a  republican.    He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in  1901 ;  and  in  1907  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa. 

121.  Cummins,    Albert    Baird,    United    States    senator    from 
Iowa,  was  born  F,eb.  15,  1850,  in  Carmichaels,  Pa.     He  received 
an  academic  education  at  Waynesburg,  Pa.     He  settled  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  and  in  1896-1902  was  a 
member  of  the  republican  national  committee.     In  1902-08  he 
was  governor  of  the  state  of  Iowa.     In  1908  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy ;  and  in  1909  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Dfes  Moines, 
Iowa. 

122.  Kennedy,  Charles  A.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Montrose,  Iowa,  March 
24,  1869;  his  parents  were  both  natives  of  Ireland;  in  1890  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  his  native  town,  which  office  he  filled  for 
four  years ;  in  1903  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Iowa  legis 
lature,  serving  in  that  position  two  terms ;  is  an  agriculturist, 
being  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Kennedy  Brothers,  nurserymen ; 
was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress,  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Montrose,  Iowa. 

123.  Dawson,  Albert  Foster,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1878,  in  Sprague- 
ville,  Iowa.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
state ;  and  graduated   from   the   university   of  Wisconsin.      For 
several  years  he  was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Preston  Ad 
vance;  and  later  became  city  editor  of  the  Clinton  Herald  of 
Iowa.     For  several  years  he  was  private  secretary  to  Congress 
man  Curtis  and  to  Senator  Allison  of  Iowa.     He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to 
congress  from  the  second  district  of  Iowa  and  was  re-elected 
to   the   sixty-first   for   term   ending   in    1909-11 ;   and   resides   in 
Preston,  Iowa. 

124.  Pickett,  Charles  Edgar,  United  States  congress-man  from 
the  third  district  of  Waterloo,  was  born  in  Van  Buren  county, 
Iowa,  Jan.   14,  1866 ;  graduated  from   collegiate   department  of 
the  State  university  in  1"888  and  from  the  law  in  1890,  and  has 
since   been   engaged   in   the  practice   of  his   profession ;   was  a 
regent  of  the  State  university  from  1896  to  1909 ;  elected  to  the 


454  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sixty-first   congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in   Waterloo, 
Iowa. 

125.  Haugen,  Gilbert  N.,   United   States   congressman   from 
the  fourth  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  April  21,  1859,  in  Rock 
county,  Wis.     He   was   elected   to   the   Iowa   state   legislature, 
serving  in  the  twenty-fifth  and  twenty-sixth  general  assemblies. 
In  1890  he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Northwood  banking 
company,  now  operating  banking  institutions  in  Northwood  and 
Kensett,   Iowa,  of  which  concern  he   is  president.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh   and   fifty-eighth,   fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Iowa  as  a  republican.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fourth  district 
of  Iowa  for  the   term   of  1909-11 ;  and   resides  in   Northwood. 
Iowa.  t 

126.  Good,  James  William,  'United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1866,  in  Linn  county, 
Iowa.     He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native 
county ;  attended  Coe  college  and  the  university  of  Michigan ;  in 
1892  graduating  from  Coe  college ;  and  in  1893  graduating  from 
the  university  of  Michigan.    He  attained  success  in  the  practice 
of  law;  and  became  city  attorney  for  Cedar  Rapids,  la.    In  1909- 
11  he  was  a  representative  from  Iowa  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
es  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

127.  Kendall,   Nathan   E.,   United    States   congressman   from 
sixth   district   of  Iowa,  was  born  at   Greenville,   Lucas  county, 
Iowa,  March  17,  1868 ;  has  no  education  except  that  acquired  in 
the  rural  schools  of  that  county ;  is  lawyer  by  profession ;  served 
two  terms  in   1893-1897  as  county  attorney  of  Mcnroe  county, 
Iowa,  and  five  terms  in  1899-1909  as  representative  from  Monroe 
county  in  the  general  assembly  cf  Iowa,  the  last  term,  as  speak 
er  of  the  house ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  re 
publican  ;  and  resides  in  Albia,  Iowa. 

128.  Hull,   John   Albert   Tiffin,   United    States    congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  May  1841,  in  Sabina. 
Ohio.    He  enlisted  in  the  twenty-third  Iowa  infantry  in  1862 ;  and 
was  first  lieutenant  and  captain.     He  was  secretary  of  the  Iowa 
state  senate  in   1872-84.     He  was  lieutenant-governor  in    1885- 
89.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  six 
ty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  Iowa  for  the  term 
of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  DesMoines,  Iowa. 

129.  Jamieson,  William  D.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eighth  district  of  Iowa,  is  a  newspaper  publisher  and  editor ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  455 

served  in  the  State  senate  of  Iowa;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  in  1909  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Shenandoah, 
Iowa. 

130.  Smith,  Walter  Inglewood,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  July  10,  1862,  in  Coun 
cil  Bluffs,  Iowa.  He  practiced  law  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  In 
1890-1900  he  was  judge  of  the  fifteenth  judicial  district  of  Iowa. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Iowa  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  ninth  dis 
trict  of  Iowa  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Council 
Bluffs,  Iowa. 

131.  Woods,  Frank  P.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
tenth  district  of  Iowa,  was  born   Dec.   11,  1868,  in  Walworth 
county,  Wis.,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools,  afterwards 
finishing  his  education  at  the  Northern  Indiana  normal  school  at 
Valparaiso ;  in  1887  moved  to  Iowa ;  in  1906  and  1907  was  chair 
man  of  the  republican  state  central  committee;  was  elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Esther- 
ville,  Iowa. 

132.  Hubbard,  Elbert  Hamilton,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  Iowa,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1849,  in 
Rushville,  Ind.     He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  the  fourth 
district  of  Iowa,  1862-1869 ;  graduated  from  Yale  college  in  the 
class  of  1872,  and  is  a  lawyer.     He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives  nineteenth  generaly  assembly  of  Iowa, 
and  of  the  senate  in  the  twenty-seventh  and  twenty-eighth  gen 
eral  assemblies.     He  was  elected!  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Iowa  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

133.  Curtis,   Charles,   United   States   senator   from    Kansas, 
was  born  Jan.  25,  1860,  in  North  Topeka,  Kan.     He  was  elected 
county  attorney  of  Shawnee  county  in  1884  for  a  term  of  two 
years  and  was  re-elected  in  1886.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Kansas  as  a  republican. 
He  is  United  States  senator  from  Kansas  for  the  termi  of  1907- 
13 ;  and  resides  in  Topeka,  Kan. 

134.  Bristow,  Joseph  Little,  United    States    senator    from 
Kansas,  was  born  July  22,  1861,  in  Wolfe  county,  Ky.     In  1886 
he  was  graduated  from  Baker  university  at  Baldwin,  Kan.     In 
1886-90  he  was  clerk  of  the  district  court  for  Douglass  county, 
Kan.     In  1890-95  he  owned  and  edited  the  Daily  Republican  of 


456  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Salina,  Kan. ;  and  in  1895  bought  the  Ottawa  Herald  of  Kansas. 
In  1895-97  he  was  private  secretary  to  the  governor  of  Kansas. 
In  1897-1905  he  was  fourth  assistant  postmaster-general ;  and  he 
had  charge  of  the  re-organization  of  the  Cuban  postal  service. 
In  1905  he  was  appointed  special  Panama  railroad  commissioner. 
In  1903  he  again  purchased  the  Salina  Daily  Republican-Journal. 
In  1909  he  became  United  States  senator  from  Kansas  for  the 
term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Salina,  Kan. 

135.  Anthony,  Daniel  Read,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1870,  in 
Leavenworth,  Kan.  He  studied  at  the  Michigan  military  acad 
emy  and  at  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  has  always  been  engaged  in  practical  newspaper  work ; 
and  succeeded  to  the  management  of  the  Leavenworth  Daily 
Times  upon  the  death  in  1904  of  his  father,  Colonel  Daniel  R. 
Anthony.  In  1903-05  he  was  mayor  of  Leavenworth,  Kan.  In 
1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Kansas  to  the  sixtieth  and 
sixty-first  congresses  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan. 

136.  Scott,   Charles   Frederick,   United    States    congressman 
from   the  second  district  of  Kansas,  was   born  Sept.   7,   1860, 
near  Io!a,  Kan.     Hie  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  at  the  Kansas  state 
university.    Since  1882  he  has  been  the  owner  and  editor  of  The 
Register  of  Iota,  Kan.     In  1891  he  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  board  of  regents  of  the  state  university,  to  which  position 
he  has  been  twice  re-appointed ;  was  president  of  the  Kansas 
state  editorial  association  in  1893 ;  president  of  the  Kansas  state 
republican  league  in  1895 ;  and  a  candidate  for  presidential  elector 
in  1896.    In  1898-96  he  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  senate:. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress  at  large.     He  was 
elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  Kansas ;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  term  ending  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  lola,  Kan. 

137.  Campbell,  Philip  Pitt,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia.     When 
four  years  old  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Kansas ;  and  has 
resided  there  ever  since.     He  graduated  A.  B.  from  Baker  uni 
versity.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth ;  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  Kansas  as  a  republican.     He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  district  of  Kan 
sas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Kan. 

138.  Miller,  James  Monroe,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  in  Three  Springs,  Pa.  In 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  457 

1880-82  and  1884-88  he  was  attorney  for  Morris  county,  Kan. 
In  1894  he  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  legislature.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  ;  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Kansas  as  a  republican.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fourth  district  of 
Kansas  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Council  Grove, 
Kan. 

139.  Calderhead,  William  Alexander,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  fifth  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  in  Perry  county, 
Ohio,    Sept.   26,   1844;   received   his   education   in   the   common 
schools  and  from  his  father,  Rev.  E.  B.  Calderhead,  a  minister 
of  the  United  Presbyterian  church ;  spent  the  winter  of  1861-62 
in  the  preparatory  department  of  Franklin  college,  New  Athens, 
Ohio;  enlisted  in  Aug.  1862,  as  a  private  in  Company  H,  one- 
hundred   and   twenty-sixth   Ohio   infantry;   was   transferred   to 
Company  D,  Ninth  Veteran  Reserves,  for  disability  incurred  in 
the  service,  and  discharged  June  27,  1865 ;  spent  two  years  re 
covering  health,  then  one  session,  at  school ;  went  to  Kansas  in 
the  fall  of  1868  and  engaged  in  farming;  in  1872  settled  on  a 
homestead  near  Newton,  Harvey  county,  Kans. ;  taught  school 
one  year  in  Newton ;  read  law  and  was  admitted  in  1875 ;  went 
to  Atchison,  Kans.,  during  that  year  and  spent  four  years  there 
reading  law  and  teaching  country  schools  during  the  winters ; 
settled  in  Marysville  in  Nov.  1879,  and  engaged  in  the  general 
practice  of  law ;  was  elected  county  attorney  in  the  fall  of  1888 
and  served  two  years ;  was  for  several  years  clerk  of  the  board 
of  education  of  the  city;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty- 
sixth,   fifty-seventh,    fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth,    and    sixtieth    con 
gresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ; 
and  resides  in  Marysville,  Kan. 

140.  Reeder,  William  Augustus,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  Aug.  28,  1849,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Pa.    Until  1880  he  taught  school ;  and  since 
then  has  been  a  banker.     He  owfts  one  of  the  largest  irrigation 
farms  in  Kansas.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth ;  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Kansas  as  a 
republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  sixth  district  of  Kansas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Logan,  Kan. 

141.  Madison,  Edmond  H,,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  seventh  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  at  Plymouth,  111.  Dec. 
18,  1865 ;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Illinois,  and 
at  the  age  of  18  years  began  teaching  school ;  in  1885  moved  to 
Wichita,  Kans.,  and  began  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1888 ;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  county  attorney 


458  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  Fprd  county,  Kans.,  and  served  two  terms ;  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  thirty-first  judicial  district  of  Kansas,  Jan.  1,  1900, 
which  position  he  held  until  Sept.  17,  1906,  when  he  resigned  to 
become  a  candidate  for  congress ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republi 
can  ;  and  resides  in  Dodge  City,  Kan. 

142.  Murdock,  Victor,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
eighth  district  of  Kansas,  was  born  March  18,  1871,  in  Burlin- 
game,  Kan.     He  moved  to  the  frontier  town  of  Wichita  early  in 
1872,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in  Lewis 
academy,  Wichita.     He  began  the  printer's  trade  during  vaca 
tions,  became  a  newspaper  reporter  at  15,  and  at  20  moved  to 
Chicago  and  worked  there  as  a  newspaper  reporter.     In  1894  he 
became  managing  editor  of  the  Wichita  Daily  Eagle.     He  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-eighth  congress  at  a  special  election  and  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.    He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of 
Kansas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Wichita,  Kan. 

143.  Paynter,  Thomas  H.,  United  States  senator  from  Ken 
tucky,  was  born  D»ec.  9,  1851,  in  Lewis  county,  Ky.     In  1876-82 
he  was  attorney  for  Greenup  county,  Ky. ;  and  in  1889-95  was  a 
member  of  congress.     In  1904-07  he  was  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  appeals  for  Kentucky.    He  is  now  United 
States  senator  from  Kentucky  for  the  term  of  1907-13 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Greenup,  Ky. 

144.  Bradley,  William  O'Connell,  United  States  senator,  from 
Kentucky,  was  born  March  18,  1847,  near  Lancaster,  Ky.       In 
1865  he  began  the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1872  was  presidential 
elector.     He  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  republican  national 
conventions  of  1880,  1884,  1888,  1892,  1900  and  1904.    In  1889  he 
was  appointed  minister  to  Korea,  but  declined.     In  1895  he  was 
governor  of  Kentucky.    He  is  now  United  States  senator  for  the 
term  ending  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Beechmont,  Ky. 

145.  James,  Ollie  M.,  United  States  congressman  from   the 
first  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  July  27,  1871,  in  Crittenden 
county,  Ky.     He  was  one  of  the  attorneys  for  Governor  Goebel 
in  his  celebrated   contest  for  governor  of  Kentucky.     In   1896 
and  1904  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  conven 
tions.      He   was   a   member   of  the   fifty-eighth ;   fifty-ninth   and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  Kentucky  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  term  ending  in  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Marion,  Ky. 

146.  Stanley,  Augustus  Owsley,  United  States  congressman 
from,  the  second  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  May  21,  1867, 
in  Shelbyville,  Ky.     He  was  educated  at  the  State  college  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  459 

Lexington,  Ky.,  and  at  Centre  college  of  Danville,  Ky.  In 
1889-94  he  was  professor  of  belleslettres  in  Christian  college 
and  was  principal  of  Marion  academy.  He  was  one  of  the 
presidential  electors  in  1900.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Kentucky  as  a 
democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  second  district  of  Kentucky  for  the  termi  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Henderson,  Ky. 

147.  Thomas,  Robert  Young,  United  States  congressman  frcm 
the    third    district   of   Kentucky,   was    born    in    Logan    county, 
Ky. ;  was  educated  at  Bethel  college,  Russellville,  Ky. ;  received 
the  degrees  of  A.   B.   and   A.   M. ;   is   a   lawyer  by   profession ; 
was     a     member     of    the     State     legislature     in        1886;     wa:> 
elected  commonwealth's  attorney  for  the  seventh  judicial  dis 
trict,  which  office  he  held  when  nominated  for  Congress;  was 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress,  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in 
Central  city,  Ky. 

148.  Johnson,    Ben,    United    States    congressman    from    the 
fourth  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  near  Bardstown,  Nelson 
county,  Ky.,  May  20,  1858 ;  graduated  from  St.  Mary's  college, 
Marion  county,  Ky.,  in  June,  1878,  with  the  degree  of  A.  M. ; 
graduated   from   the   Louisville   Law   University   in    1882;   was 
elected  speaker  in  December  of  that  year;  was  appointed  col 
lector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  fifth  Kentucky  district  in  July, 
1893,  and  served  four  years ;  was  chairman  of  the  democratic 
state   campaign    committee,   1908 ;   on    November   5,    1905,   was 
elected  a  member  of  the   Kentucky  state  senate,  but  resigned 
November  5,  190(> ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  and  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Bardstown,  Ky. 

149.  Sherley,  Swagar,  United  States  congressman  from   the 
fifth   district  of  Kentucky,  was  born   Nov.   28,   1871,  in   Louis 
ville,  Ky.    He  graduated  from  the  Louisville  male  high  school  in 
1889;  studied  law  at  the  university  of  Virginia,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  practice  of  law  1891.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.    He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  Kentucky  for 
the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

150.  Rhinock,  Joseph  Lafayette,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1863,  in 
Owenton,  Ky.    He  received  his  education  in  the  Covin-gton  pub 
lic  schools.     He  has  served  in  the  city  council  of  Covington ;  and 
was  twice  elected  as  chief  executive  of  that  city,  serving  as  mayor 
in    1893-1900.     He    was    organizer    and    first    president    of    the 
Jefferson   democratic   club,  of  Covington,  now  the  largest   and 


460  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

most  influential  political  club  in  the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  he 
is  at  present  the  executive  head  of  this  organization.  When  a 
Carnegie  library  was  proposed  for  the  city,  he  took  the  matter 
in  charge,  and  it  was  through  his  efforts  that  the  present  hand 
some  $100,000  edifice  was  secured ;  and  is  the  present  president 
of  the  public  library  board  in  Covington.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-ninth,  and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  elected  to  the  six 
ty-first  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Kentucky  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Covington,  Ky. 

151.  Cantrill,  James   Campbell,   United   States   congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Georgetown, 
Scott  county,  Ky.,  Jufy  9,  1870;  was  educated  at  Georgetown 
(Ky.)  college;  in  1895  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Scott  county 
democratic  committee;  in  1897  elected  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  house  of  representatives  and  re-elected  in  1899 ;  in  1901 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  senate  from  the  Twenty- 
second  senatorial  district ;  in  1904  was  elected  chairman  of  the 
joint  caucus  of  the  Kentucky  legislature ;  in  1904  was  nominated 
at  Lexington  for  congress,  but  declined  the  nomination  although 
the  nomination  was  equivalent  to  election ;  the  same  year  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  national  convention ; 
in  1906  Mr.  Cantrill  became  active  in  the  work  of  organizing  the 
tobacco  growers  of  Kentucky,  and  for  several  years  past  has 
given  almost  his  entire  time  to  this  work;  Jan.   1908  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  American  Society  of  Equity  for  Ken 
tucky,  an  organization  for  the  co-operation  of  farmers  in  secur 
ing  more  profitable  prices  for  their  products ;  was  elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Georgetown, 
Ky. 

152.  Helm,   Harvey,   United    States   congressman   from    the 
eighth  district  oif  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Danville,  Boyle  county, 
Ky. ;  is  not  married ;  attended  school  at  the  Stanford  Male  Acad 
emy,  and  -graduated  from  the  Central  university  of  Kentucky, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B. ;  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law  in 
April,  1892 ;  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
in  1893  ;  served  as  such  in  the  general  assembly  of  Kentucky, 
session  of  1894;  elected  county  attorney  of  Lincoln  county  in 
1897  for  the  term  of  four  years,  and  re-elected  in  1900 ;  was  dele 
gate  from  the  eighth  district  to  the  Democratic  national  conven 
tion  at  Kansas  City  in  1900 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress 
and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  re 
sides  in  Stanford,  Ky. 

153.  Bennett,  Joseph  Bentley,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  April  1,  1859,  in 
Greenup  county,  Ky.     For  a  while  he     taught     in     the     public 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  461 

schools  of  his  native  county ;  and  in  1878  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1894  he  became  county  judge  for  Greenup  county,  Ky.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  the 
ninth  district  of  Kentucky.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Greenup,  Ky. 

154.  Langley,  John  Wesley,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  tenth  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in  Floyd  county,  Ky. ; 
received  his  early  education  in  the  common  schools,  in  which 
he  was  a  teacher  for  three  years ;  attended  the  law  departments 
of    the    National,    Georgetown,    and    Columbian    (now    George 
Washington)  universities  for  an  aggregate  period  of  eight  years 
and  was  awarded  the  first  prize  in  two  of  them ;  had  conferred 
on  him  the  degrees  of  bachelor  of  laws,  master  of  laws,  doctor 
of  the  civil  law,  and  master  of  diplomacy ;  was  a  clerk  in  the 
Pension  Office,  a  member  of  the  board  of  pension  appeals,  and 
disbursing  and  appointment  clerk  of  the  Census  Office ;  served 
two  terms  in  the  Kentucky  legislature,  receiving  at  his  second 
term   the  caucus   nomination   of  his   party    (the    minority)    for 
speaker  of  the  house ;  was  twice  a  delegate  from  Kentucky  to 
the  Republican  national  convention ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth 
Congress ;  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in 
Spurlock,  Ky. 

155.  Edwards,  Don  Calvin,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  July  13,  1861,  in 
Appanoose   county,   Iowa.     He   was   educated   in   the   common 
schools  of  Iowa  and  Kansas,  and  the  university  of  Holton,  Kan. 
In  1892  he  located  in  Laurel  county,  Ky. ;  and  is  engaged  in 
manufacturing   and   the   wholesale   lumber   business.      He   was 
clerk  and  master  commissioner  of  the  Laurel   circuit  court  in 
1898-1903.     In  1905-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses;  and  resides 
in  London,  Ky. 

156.  McEnery,  Samuel  Douglas,  United  States  senator  from 
Louisiana,  was  born  May  28,  1837,  in  Monroe,  La.     He  entered 
the  confederate  army  in  1861 ;  and  served  throughout  the  war. 
After  its  close  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  Monroe, 
La.     In  1879  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state ; 
and  bv  the  death  of  Governor  Wiltz  in  1881  became  governor 
of  Louisiana.     In  1883-87  he  was  elected  governor  for  the  full 
term  of  four  years.     In  1888  he  was  appointed  as  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court.     Since  1897  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  United   States  senate,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of 
1915 ;  and  resides  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

157.  Foster,  Murphy  J.,  United  States  senator  /from  Louisiana, 
was  born  Jan.  12,  1849,  in  Franklin,  La.     He  attended  the  law 


462  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

school  of  Tulane  university  of  New  Orleans,  graduating  in  1871. 
In  1879  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the  state  of 
Louisiana  under  the  constitution  of  that  year,  and  was  returned 
for  three  consecutive  terms  of  four  years  each ;  was  elected 
president  protempore  of  the  senate  in  1888-1890.  In  1892-1900 
he  was  governor  of  Louisiana.  He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1901 ;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Franklin,  La. 

158.  Estopinal,  Albert,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1845,  in  St.  Ber 
nard  parish ;  and  in,  1876-80  he  was  a  member  of  the  Louisiana 
house  of  representatives ;  and  in  1880-1900  was  a  member  of  the 
state  senate.     In  1899  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate.     In 
1899  he  was  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  constitutional  conven 
tion.     In  1900-04  he  was  lieutenant-governor  of  Louisiana.     In 
1862-65  he  served  in  the  civil  war.     In  1907-11  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congress 
es  as  a  democrat  term  ending  in  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  St.  Bern 
ard,  La. 

159.  Bennett,   Joseph    Bentley,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  Kentucky,  was  born  April  21,  1859, 
in  Greenup  county,  Ky.     For  a  while  he  taught  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  county ;  and  in  1878  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.     In  1894  he  became  county  judge  for  Greenup  county,  Ky. 
He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Kentucky.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Greenup, 
Ky. 

160.  Broussard,  Robert  F.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1864,  in  Iberia, 
La.    He  became  the  nominee  of  the  anti-lottery  wing  of  the  dem 
ocratic  party  for  the  district  attorneyship  of  the  nineteenth  judi 
cial  district  of  Louisiana,  to  which  position  he  was  elected  at  the 
state  election  of  1892,  he  being  the  only  one  of  that  wing  of  the 
democratic  party  elected  in  the  district  at  that  election.    In  1894 
he  was  unanimously  renominated  to  the  same  position  by  tho 
democratic  party  and  re-elected  at  the  election  of  that  year.    He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth  ;  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  district 
of  Louisiana  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  New  Iberia, 
La. 

161.  Watkins,  John  Thomas,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  at  Minden,  La.,  Jan. 
15,  1854;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  463 

and  spent  three  years  at  Cumberland  university,  Lebanon,  Tenn. ; 
was  compelled  to  leave  six  weeks  before  graduation  because  of 
serious  illness,  failing  to  procure  a  diploma,  but  receiving  a  cer 
tificate  for  faithful  attendance  and  proficiency  in  all  his  stud 
ies  and  having  been  elected  valedictorian  of  his  society ;  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  July,  1878 ;  was  elected  district 
judge  in  1892  and  re-elected  in  1896  and  1900,  his  last  term  ex 
piring  Dec.  8,  1904;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides 
in  Minden,  La. 

162.  Ransdell,   Joseph   Eugene,   United   States   congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1858,  in 
Alexandria,  La.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Alex 
andria  and  graduated  at  Union  college.     Since  1883  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  law.     In  1884-96  he  was  attor 
ney  of  the  eighth  judicial  district  of  Louisiana.    He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  constitution  convention   of  Louisiana  in   1898 
which  framed  a  new  constitution  for  the  state.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-sixth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth ;  fifty-ninth ;  and  sixtieth  congress 
es  from  Louisiana  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  six 
ty-first  congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  Louisiana  for  the  term 
of  1909-11  and  resides  in  Lake  Providence,  La. 

163.  Wickliffe,  Robert  C.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  sixth  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  at   Bardstown,   Ky., 
May  1,  1874,  while  his  parents  were  on  a  visit  to  relatives  in 
that  State.     He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Robert  C.  Wickliffe,  and 
was  reared  at  his  father's  home  in  the  parish  of  West  Feliciana, 
La.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Firancisville, 
La.,   whence    he    entered    Center    college,    Danville,    Ky.,    from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1895  with  the  degree  of 
B.  S.     He  then  entered  the  law  department  of  Tulane  univer 
sity,  New  Orleans,  La.,  graduating  in  1897.     Returning  to  his 
home  in  West  Feliciana  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  St.  Francisville,  in  that  parish.     In  1898  he  was  elected  to 
represent  the  parish  of  West  Feliciana  in  the  constitutional  con 
vention  of  that  year  which  framed  the  present  constitution  of 
Louisiana.      Upon  the  adjournment  of  that  body  in  May,  1898. 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  E.,  First  Louisiana  Volun 
teer  Infantry,  serving  during  the  Spanish-American  war.     He 
was  mustered  out  of  the  service  with  his  regiment  in  Oct.  1898, 
and  returned  to  West  Feliciana  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession.    In  1900  he  was  elected  district  attorney  of  the  twen 
ty-fourth  judicial  district  of  Louisiana,  and  after  serving  out  his 
term  continued  to  practice  his  profession,  Mr.   Wickliffe  was 


464  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

married  April  20,  1903,  to  Miss  Lydia  W.  Cooke,  of  Louisville, 
Ky.  In  1908  he  became  a  candidate  in  the  democratic  primaries 
for  the  nomination  for  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Louisi 
ana,  held  under  the  new  primary  election  law  of  Louisiana,  and 
received  the  nomination  in  the  second  runoff,  and  was  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress;  and  resides  in  St.  Francisville,  La. 

164.  Pujo,  Arsene  Paulin,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
seventh  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1861,  near  Lake 
Charles,  La.    He  was  educated  at  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Lake  Charles ;  and  since  1886  has  'followed  the  law  as  a  pro 
fession.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  constitutional  con 
vention  of  1898.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and    sixtieth    congresses    from    Louisiana    as    a   democrat.      He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  dis 
trict  of  Louisiana  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Lake 
Charles,  La. 

165.  Hale,  Eugene,  United  States  senator  from  Maine,  was 
born  June  9,  1836,  in  Turner,  Maine.     For  several  years  he  was 
attorney  -for  Hancock  county,  Maine.    In  1866-68  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  state  legislature,  serving  two  years.  In  1868  he 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Maine  to  the  forty-first  con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected   to  the  forty-second,  forty-third  and 
forty-fourth  congresses.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  forty-fifth  con 
gress.     Since  1881  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate;  his   present   term   ending  in   1911;  and   resides  in   Ells 
worth,  Maine. 

166.  Frye,  William  Pierce,  United  States  senator  from  Maine, 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1831,  in  Lewiston,  Maine.     He  served  three 
terms  as  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  during  1861-67 ;  was 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Lewiston  in  1866-67 ;  and  was  attorney- 
general  of  the  state  of  Maine  during  1867-69.     In  1864  he  was  a 
presidential  elector ;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  repub 
lican  conventions  of  1872,  1876,  and  1880.    He  was  a  member  of 
the  forty-second,  forty-third,  forty-fourth,  forty-sixth,  and  forty- 
seventh  congresses  as  a  republican.     In  1881  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy.     Since  1881  he  has 
been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate ;  his  present  term 
ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Lewiston,  Me. 

167.  Allen,  Amos  Lawrence,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Maine,  was  born  March  17,  1837,  in  Water- 
borough,  Maine.    He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  York  county  in 
1866 ;  served  as  clerk  in   treasury  department  for  about  three 
years ;  was  elected  clerk  of  the  courts  for  York  county  in  1870 
and  re-elected  three  times  and  served  twelve  years;  in  1883-84 
was  clerk  of  the  judiciary  committee  in  the  house  of  representa- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  463 

tives;  and  a  special  examiner  under  the  pension  bureau  for  a 
year  in  1884-85.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Maine  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first,  congress  from  the  first  dis 
trict  of  Maine  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Alfred,  Me. 

168.  Swasey,  John  Philip,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Maine,  was  born  Sept.  4,  13!-- 9,  in  Cantor.. 
Me. ;  received  his  education  in  the  Canton  public  schools,  Dear 
born    academy,    Hebron    academy,    Maine    state    seminary,    and 
Tufts  college,  entering  the  latter  institution  in  the  class  of  1862 
In  his  junior  year  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  and  was  ap 
pointed  first  lieutenant  in  company  K,  seventeenth  Maine  Regi 
ment.     He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1863;  was  assessor  of 
internal  revenue  18G9-70 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  house  of 
representatives  in  1874  and  of  the  senate  the  following  years; 
in  1883-4  was  a  member  of  Governor  Robie's  council ;  in  the  ad 
ministration  of  President  McKinley  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  board  of  visitors  to  the  Naval  academy  at  Annapolis ;  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Tufts  university  in 
1902 ;  was  elected,  unanimously,  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  sixtieth 
congress  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Hon.  Charles  E.  Little- 
field  ;  and  to  the  sitxy-first  congress ;  and  resides  in  Canton,  Me. 

169.  Burleigh,  Ediwin  C.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  of  Maine,  was  born   Nov.   27,   1843,   in   Linneus, 
Maine.    In  1885-89  he  was  treasurer  of  the  state  of  Maine. ;  and  in 
1889-95  was  governor  of  Maine.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fiifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth ;   fifty-ninth   and   six 
tieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  third  district  of  Maine  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Augusta,  Me. 

170.  Guernsey,  Frank  Edward,  United   States   congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Maine,  was  born  Oct.   15,  1866,  in 
Dover,  Maine.     He  educated  in  the  common  schools,  Foxcrofl 
academy  of  eastern  Maine,  Conference  seminary  at  Bucksporr, 
Maine  Wesleyan  seminary  at  Kents  Hill,  and  the  Eastman  busi 
ness  college  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.     In  1890  he  was  admitted 
to  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  1890-96  was  treasurer  of  Piscata- 
quis  county,  Maine.     In  1897-99  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
house  of  representatives;  and   in   1903   was   a   member   of  the 
Maine  state  senate.      He  is  president  of  the  Piscataquis  savings 
bank  at  Dover,  Maine.    In  1908-11  he  was  a  representative  from 
Maine.     In  1908-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Maine  to  the 
sixtieth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy  and  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Dover,  Me. 

171.  Rayner,  Isidor,  United  States  senator  of  Maryland,  was 


466  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

born  April  11,  1850,  in  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  educated  at  the 
university  of  Maryland  and  the  university  of  Virginia.  In  1878- 
80  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  legislature  and  in  1885  he 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  for  four  years.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-second;  and  fifty-third  congresses.  In  1899- 
1903  he  was  attorney-general  for  Maryland.  He  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Baltimore,  Md. 

172.  Smith,  John  Walter,  United  States  senator  from  Mary 
land,  was  born  in  that  town  Feb.  5,  1845.     His  ancestors  were 
among  the  first  settlers  of  that  part  of  the  State,  and  his  paternal 
grandfather,  Judge  William  Whittington,  was  one  of  the  early 
circuit  judges  of  Maryland.    His  father,  John  Walter  Smith,,  and 
his  mother  both  died  before  he  was  5  years  old.    He  was  educat 
ed  at  private  schools  and  at  Union  academy,  and  began  his  busi 
ness  career  at  the  age  of  18  years.     He  is  engaged  in  the  lum 
ber   business    in    Maryland,    Virginia,    and    North    Carolina ;    is 
president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Snow  Hill,  and  is  direc 
tor  in  many  business  and  financial  institutions.     He  was  elected 
to  represent  Worcester  County  in  the  senate   of  Maryland   in 
1889,  and  was   successively   re-elected   in   1893   and   1897 ;  was 
president  of  the  State  senate  during  the  session  of  189 4;   was 
nominated  and  elected  to  congress  from  the  First  congressional 
district  of  Maryland  in  1898 ;  was  elected  governor  of  Maryland 
by  over  12,000  plurality  in  1899 ;  served  as  governor  from  1900 
to  1904 ;  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  Democratic  national  con 
vention  held  at  Kansas  city  in  1900  and  also  to  the  St.  Louis 
convention  in  1904;  was  nominated  by  direct  vote  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  Democratic  party  of  Maryland  on  November  5,  1907, 
by  a  plurality  of  17,931,  at  the  first  primary,  election  held  in  his 
State  for  United   States  senator,  to  serve  the  term   beginning 
March  4,  1909,  and  was  thereafter  elected  United  States  senator 
for  that  term  by  the  general  assembly  of  the  State  Jan.  15,  1908. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator  at  the  same  session  of  the 
Maryland  legislature  on  March  24  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
fcy  the  death  of  Hon.  William  Pinkney  Whyte  for  the  unexpired 
term  ending  March   3,  1909.     His  term  of  service  will    expire 
March  3,  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

173.  Covington,   James   Harry,   United    States    congressman 
from  his  first  district  of  Maryland,  was  born  May  3,  1870,  and 
has  always  resided  at  Easton,  Talbot  county,  Md. ;  received  an 
academic  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Talbot  county  and 
at  the  Maryland  Military  academy ;  entered  the  law  department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1891,  attended  at  the  same 
time  some  special  lectures  in  history,  literature,  and  economics, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  467 

and  graduated  with  a  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1894;  since  that  time 
has  continuously  practiced  his  profession  at  Easton ;  was  the 
democratic  nominee  for  state  senator  for  Talbot  county  in  1901, 
but  while  running  ahead  of  his  legislative  associates  on  the  same 
ticket  was  defeated ;  in  1903  was  elected  state's  attorney  for  Tal 
bot  county  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  was  re-elected  in  1907 ; 
was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in  Easton, 
Md. 

174.  Talbott,  Joshua  Frederick  C.,  United   States  congress 
man  from  the  second  district  of  Maryland,  was  born  July  29, 
1843,  in  Baltimore,  Md.    In  1871-75  he  was  prosecuting  attorney 
for  Baltimore  county,  Md.     He  was  a  member  from  Maryland 
to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty-eighth  congresses  and  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-eighth ;  fifty-ninth  and  six 
tieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  second  district  of  Maryland  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Towson,  Md. 

175.  Kronmiller,  John,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  of  Maryland,  was  born   in   Baltimore,   Md.,   Dec. 
6,  about  1858 ;  was  educated  in  private  and  public   schools ;  is 
a  merchant  and   manufacturer ;   served   one  term   of  two  years 
in  the  first  branch  of  the  city  council  of  Baltimore ;  was  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Bal 
timore,  Md. 

176.  Gill,  John,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fourth 
district  of  Maryland,  was  born  June  9,  1850,  in  Canton,  Mass 
He  was  educated  at  the  Hampden-Sidney  college  of  Virginia ; 
and  at  the  Maryland  university.    Since  1871  he  has  practiced  law 
in  Baltimore,  Md.    He  was  one  of  the  legal  advisers  of  the  city 
of  Baltimore ;  and  has  been  police  commissioner.     In  1874-77  he 
was   a    member  of  the   Maryland   house   of   delegates ;   and   in 
1882-84  and  in  1904-06  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state 
senate.     In  1905-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Maryland  to 
the   fifty-ninth,   sixtieth   and   sixty-first   congresses   as   a   demo- 
crate  ;  and  resides  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

177.  Mudd,  Sydney  Emanuel,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Maryland,  was  born  Fieb.  12,  1858,  in 
Charles  county,  Md.  He  was  elected  to  the  Maryland  state  house 
of  delegates  in  1879  and  re-elected  in  1881.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-first  congress.  In  1895  he  was  elected  to  the  Mary 
land  state  house  of  delegates,  and  was  speaker  of  that  body.  He 
was  delegate  to  the  national  republican  convention  in  1896.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-first,  fifty-fijfth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth ;  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a 


468  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Maryland  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  re 
sides  in  Laplata,  Md. 

178.  Pearre,  George  Alexander,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Maryland,  was  born  July  1(5,  1800,  in 
Cumberland,  Md.     In  1890  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
of  Maryland.    In  1887  he  became  a  member  of  the  Maryland  na 
tional  guard;  and  in  1889  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Maryland  as  a  repub 
lican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress   from  the 
sixth  district  of  Maryland  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Cumberland,  Md. 

179.  Lodge,  Henry  Cabot,  United  States  senator  from  Massa 
chusetts,  was  born  May  12,  1850,  in  Boston,  Mass.    He  received 
his  education  at  private  schools;  graduated  from  Harvard  college 
in  1871 ;  and  from  the  Harvard  law  school  in  1874.    He  served 
two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the 
Massachusetts  legislature ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  fiftieth,  fifty- 
first,  fifty-second  and  fifty-third  congresses.     He  was  elected  to 
the  senate  to  succeed  Henry  L    Oawes;  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
house  and  took  his  seat  in  the  senate  March  4,  1893.    He  is  the 
author  of  Essay  on  Anglo-Saxon  Land  Law ;  Life  and  Letters  of 
Georgia  Cabot ;  Short  History  of  the  English  Colonies  in  Amer 
ica  ;  Lives  of  Washington,  Webster,  Hamilton ;  Studies  in  His 
tory;   Historical   and   Political   Essays;   Speeeches;   History   of 
Boston ;  and  Hero  Tales  from  American  History.  Since  1893  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  T  Tnited  States  senate :  and  his  present 
term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Nahant,  Mass. 

180.  Crane,  Winthrop  Murray,  United  States  senator  from 
Massachusetts,  was  born  April  23,  1853,  in  Dalton,  Mass.     He 
was   educated  at  Williston   seminary  of   Easthampton,   Mass. ; 
and  is  a  paper  manufacturer.    He  was  a  delegate-at-large  to  the 
republican  national  committee  in  1892,  1896  and  1904 ;  was  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Massachusetts,   1897-1899,  and  governor  in 
1900-1902.     He  was  appointed  to  the  United  States  senate  in 
1904  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  took  his  seat  Dec.  6.    He  was  elect 
ed  by  the  legislature  in  1905  to  fill  out  the  term  which  will  ex 
pire  in  1907.     He  is  a  member  of  the  republican  national  con 
vention  for  Massachusetts  for  the  term  of  1904-08      He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1907-13 ;  arid 
resides  in  Dalton,  Mass. 

181.  Lawrence,  George  Pelton,  United   States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  May  19,  1859r 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  469 

in  Adams,  Mass.  In  1885-97  was  a  member  of  Massachusetts 
state  senate.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses 
from  Massachusetts  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  district  of  Massachusetts  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  North  Adams,  Mass. 

182.  Gillett,  Frederick  Huntington,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  second  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Oct. 
16,  1851,  in  Westfield,  Mass.     He  graduated  at  Amherst  college 
in  1874  and  at  Harvard  law  school  in  1877 ;  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Springfield  in  1877.     He  was  assistant  attorney- 
general  of  Massachusetts  in  1879-82.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives  in  1890-91.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fif 
ty-seventh,   fifty-eighth ;   fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses   as 
a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  second  district  of  Massachusetts  for  the  term  of  1909-11; 
and  resides  in  Springfield,  Mass. 

183.  Washburn,  Charles  Grenfill,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  third  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  Worcester. 
Mass.,  Jan.  28,  1857 ;  was  graduated  from  the  Worcester  Poly 
technic  institute  in  1875  and  from  Harvard  university  in  1880; 
admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  1887 ;  was  for  several  years  an 
executive  officer  in  the  Washburn  &  Moen  Manufacturing  Com 
pany,  of  Worcester,  and  has  been  connected  with  various  other 
manufacturing  enterprises ;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
house  of  representatives  in  1897-98,  and  of  the  Massachusetts 
senate  in  1899-1900;  in  1902  was  a  member  of  a  committee  to 
revise  the  corporation  laws  of  Massachusetts ;  delegates  to  the 
Republican  national   convention  at  Chicago  in   1904.     He  was 
elected  to  fill  out  an  unexpired  term  in  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress, 
and   to  the  sixtieth   congress,  and  re-elected   to  the   sixty-first 
congress ;  and  resides  in  Worcester,  Mass. 

184.  Tirrell,    Charles    Quincy,    United1    States    congressman 
from   the   fourth   district  of   Massachusetts,   was  born   Dec.   10, 
1844,   in   Sharon,   Mass.     He  graduated   at   Dartmouth   college 
in   1866 ;   was    admitted   to   the   bar   in    1870   at   Boston,   where 
he  has  since  practiced.     He  was  elected  to  the  general  court  of 
Massachusetts  from  Weymouth  in  1872  and  to  the  Massachu 
setts  senate  from  the  North  Middlesex  district  in  1881  and  1882. 
He  was  presidential  elector  in  1888.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from 
Massachusetts  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 


470  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

first  congresses  from  Massachusetts  as  a  republican.    He  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Natick,  Mass, 

185.  Ames,  Butler,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fifth 
district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  1872   in   Lowell,  Mass. 
Since  1896  he  has  been  agent  of  the  Wamesit  Power  company 
of  Lowell,   Mass.     During  the   Spanish-American   war  he  was 
lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  sixth  Massachusetts  volunteers. 
In  1897-99  he  was  for  three  years  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Massachusetts  as  a  re 
publican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
fifth  district  of  Massachusetts  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  re 
sides  in  Lowell,  Mass. 

186.  Gardner,  Augustus   Peabody,   United    States   congress 
man  from  the  sixth  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Nov.  5, 
1865,  in  Boston,  Mass..     In   1886  he  graduated  from   Harvard 
college.    For  two  terms  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
state  senate.     During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  served  as 
captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  General 
James  H.  Wilson.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Massachusetts 
!as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Massachusetts  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Hamilton,  Mass. 

187.  Roberts,  Ernest  Williams,  United   States   congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Nov.  22, 
1858,  in  East  Madison,  Maine.     In  1894-96  he  was  a  member  of 
Massachusetts   legislature ;   and    state   senator   in   1897-98.     He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Chelsea,  Mass. 

188.  McCall,  Samuel  Walker,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eighth  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1851,  in 
East  Providence,  Pa.     He  was  the  editor  of  the  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  house  of 
representatives  in  1888-89  and  1892.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighth  district 
of  Massachusetts  for  the^  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Win 
chester,  Mass. 

189.     Keliher,  John  Austin,  United    States  congressman  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Massachusetts  was  born  Nov.  6,  1866,  in 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  471 

Boston,  Mass.  For  many  years  he  has  been  successfully  en 
gaged  in  journalistic  work;  and  in  1896-97  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  state  legislators.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat,  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
ninth  district  of  Massachusetts  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  re 
sides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

190.  O'Connell,  Joseph  F.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  tenth  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Dec.  7,  1872,  in 
Boston,  Mass.     He  \vas  educated  at  St.  Mary's  parochial  school; 
attended  Boston  college;  and  graduated  from  Harvard  univer 
sity.     He  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Massa 
chusetts;  and  has   filled   several  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  tenth  district  of 
Massachusetts ;  and  was  re-elected   to  the   sixty-first   congress 
for  term  ending  in  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

191.  Peters,  Andrew  James,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  at  that  place 
April  3,  1872;  is  a  graduate  of  Harvard  college   (A.  B.)   1895; 
graduate  of  Harvard  law  school  (LL.  B.),  1898;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in 
1902 ;  member  of  the  State  senate  of  Massachusetts,  1904  and 
1905;  served  five  years  as  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Militia; 
is  unmarried ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat,  and  resides  in  Boston, 
Mass. 

192.  Weeks,  John  Wingate,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twelfth  district   of  Massachusetts,  was   born   in    Lancaster, 
N.  H.,  April   11,   1860;  graduated   at   the   United   States   Naval 
academy  in  1881 ;  served  in  the  United  States  navy  as  a  mid 
shipman   from  graduation  until  1883  ;  served  in  the  Massachu 
setts  naval  brigade  ten  years,  from  1890  to  1900,  the  last  six 
years  of  this  service  as  commanding  officer  of  the  organization ; 
served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  volunteer  navy  during  the  Spanish- 
American  war,  commanding  the  second  division  of  the  auxiliary 
navy  ;  is   married  ;  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Tornblower  and 
Weeks,  bankers  and  brokers ;  is  vice-president  cwf  the  First  Na 
tional  bank  of  Boston,  and  president  of  the  Newtonville  Trust 
Company,  Newton;  was  for  three  years — 1900,  1901,  1902 — alder 
man,  and  two  years — 1903  and  1904 — mayor  of  the  city  of  New 
ton  ;  was  the  perm.ino'H  chairninr  of  llio  Massachusetts  Repub 
lican  state  convention  in   Oct.   1905 ;  was   elected   to   the   fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress,  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Newton,  Mass. 


472  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

193.  Greene,  William  Stedman,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  thirteenth  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  April 
28,  1841,  in  Tremont,  111.     He  has  been  in  the  real  estate  and 
insurance  business  since  1866  in  Fall  River,  Mass.  He  was  presi 
dent  common  council  in  1877-79;  mayor  in  1880-81,   1886  and 
1895-97.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and    sixtieth    congresses   from 
Massachusetts  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Fall  River,  Mass. 

194.  Lovering,  William  C.,  United  States  congressman  from 
fourteenth  district  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  1835,  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  educated  in  Cambridge,  Mass  ,  and  at  the  Hopkins 
classical  school.     He  is  engaged  in  cotton  manufacturing;  and 
has  been  president,  director  and  manager  of  various  corpora 
tions.     In  1874-75  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  state 
senate;  and  in  1880  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican 
convention.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifiy-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,    fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth    congresses    from 
Massachusetts  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  fourteenth  district  of  Massachusetts  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Taunton,  Mass. 

195.  Burrows,  Julius  Caesar,  United    States    senator    from 
Michigan,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1837,  in  North  East,  Pa.    He  was  an 
officer  in  the  union  army  in  1862-64;  and  prosecuting  attorney  of 
Kalamazoo  county  in  1865-67.     He  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  forty-third,  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses ;  and 
elected  a  delegate  at  large  from  Michigan  to  the  national  repub 
lican  convention  at  Chicago  in  1884.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
forty-ninth,    fiftieth    and     fifty-first     congresses,   twice    elected 
speaker  pro  tempore  of  the  house  of  representatives  during  the 
fifty-first  congress,  and  was  elected  to    the    fifty-second,    fifty- 
third  and  fifty-fourth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He  resigned 
his    seat    in    the  house  in  1905  to  assume  the  office  of  United 
States  senator  from  Michigan ;  and  is  now  serving  the  term  end 
ing  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

196.  Smith,  William    Alden,  United    States    senator    from 
Michigan,  was  born  May  12,  1859,  in  Dowagiac,  Mich.     He  was 
appointed  page  in  the  Michigan  house  of  representatives  in  1879 ; 
and  was  assistant  secretary  of  the  Michigan  state  senate  in  188kJ. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  republican  state  central  committee  in 
1888,  1890  and  1892.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty- 
fifth,  fifty-sixth,   fiifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth   and   fifty-ninth   con 
gresses  as  a  republican.     He  is  now  United  States  senator  from 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  473 

Michigan  for  the  term  of  1907-13 ;  and  resides  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich. 

197.  Denby,  Edwin,   United   States   congressman   from   the 
first  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1870,  in  Evansville, 
Ind.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Evansville,  and 
the  university  of  Michigan.     He  was  ten  years  in  the  customs 
service  of  China  under  Sir  Robert  Hart,  while  his  father,  Hon. 
Charles  Denby,  was  United  States  minister  to  China.     He  was 
a  representative   from    D'etroit   in   the   Michigan   legislature   of 
1903.     He  served  as  gunner's  mate,  United  States  navy,  on  the 
Yosemite  in  the  war  with  Spain.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  first  district  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

198.  Townsend,  Charles  Elroy,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Aug.  15,  1856,  in 
Concord,  Mich.     He  attended  common  schools  in  Concord  and 
Jackson ;  and   in   1877   entered   the   literary   department   of  the 
'Michigan  university.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Michigan  as    a    republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second  dis 
trict  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Jackson. 
Mich. 

199.  Gardner,  Washington,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  in  Morrow  county,  Ohio. 
He  served  in  the  ranks  of  the  sixty-first  Ohio  volunteer  infantry 
in  1861-65.     He  served  twelve  years  in  the  ministry  of  the  Meth 
odist  episcopal  church.    In  1888  he  was  commander  of  the  depart 
ment  of  Michigan,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ;  and  was  made 
professor  in  and  public  lecturer  for  Albion  college  in  1899.     For 
several  years  he  was  secretary  of  state.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  Michigan  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  ifrom  the  third  district  of  Michigan  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Albion,  Mich. 

200.  Hamilton,  Edward  La  Rue,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1857,  in 
Berrien  county,  Mich.  He  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  Niles,  Mich.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifty,  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as 
a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  fourth  district  .of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Niles,  Mich. 


474  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

201.  Diekema,  Gerrit  John,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  March  27,  1859,  in  Hol 
land,  Mich. ;  was  educated  at    Hope    college,    graduating    with 
honor,  1881,  and  at  the  university  of  Michigan,  graduating  from 
the  law  department  of  that  institution  in  1883 ;  began  the  prac 
tice  of  the  law  in  his  native  city  and  has  continued  in  it  there. 
Entering  political   life   early,   he   has   served   as  member  of  the 
board  of  education,  mayor,  city  attorney,  and   member  of  the 
legislature  four  consecutive  terms,  beginning  in  1885 ;  at  the  ses 
sion  of  1889  he  was  chosen  speaker  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives.     Mr.  Diekema  has  been  chairman  of  the  Michigan  repub 
lican  state  central  committee  in  four  campaigns ;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  convention  in  1896,  which  nominated  Major  Mc- 
Kinley  for  president,  and  by  him  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Spanish   treaty   claims   commission,  which   position   he   re 
signed  to  make  the  race  for  congress.    In  1884  Mr.  Diekema  was 
chosen  to  deliver  the  annual  oration  before  the  alumni  associa 
tion  of  the  Michigan  university  and  was  the  orator  on  Nether 
lands  day  at  the  Columbian  exposition  and  World's  fair,  Chi 
cago,  1893.     He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  April  27, 
1907,  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  election  of  Hon.  William 
Alden  Smith  to  the  United  States  senate,  and  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first    congress    as    a  republican ;  and  resides  in   Holland, 
Mich. 

202.  Smith,    Samuel    William,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Aug.  23,  1852,  in 
Independence,  Mich.     He  engaged  in  teaching  school  at  sixteen 
years  of  age,  and  for  twenty-five  years  has  practiced  law  in  Pon- 
tiac,  Mich.     In  1880-84  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Oakland 
county.    In  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  Michigan  state  senate.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  sixth  district 
of   Michigan    for    the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in   Pontiac. 
Mich. 

203.  McMorran,    Henry,   United    States    congressman    from 
the  seventh  district  of  Michigan,  was  born    June    11,   1844,  in 
Port  Huron,  Mich.     He  attended  public  schools  until  he  began 
his  business  life;  has  been  engaged  in  the  grocery  business,  mill 
ing,  grain  and  elevator  trade ;  and  is  connected  with  numerous 
commercial,  manufacturing  and  transportation  companies.     He 
was  general  manager  of  the  Port  Huron  and  Northwestern  rail 
way  in  1878-1889,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  Flint  and  Pere  Mar- 
qnette  company.     He  has  been  alderman  and  city  treasurer  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  475 

Port  Huron ;  a  member  of  the  canal  commission ;  and  always 
active  and  prominent  in  party  affairs.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Michigan  as 
a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  seventh  district  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Port  Huron,  Mich. 

204.  Fordney,  Joseph  Warren,  United   States  congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1853,  in 
Blackford  county,  Ind.     He  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business  for  many  years ;  and  owns  an  ice  plant  at  Hart 
ford,  Ind.     He  was  a  member  of  the   fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Michi 
gan  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  eighth  district  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Saginaw,  Mich. 

205.  McLaughlin,    James    C.,  United    States    congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  in  Illinois ;  in  1864 
moved  to  Muskegon,  Mich.,  where  he  has  since  resided ;  was  ed 
ucated  in  the  public   schools  of  Muskegon  and   in  the   literary 
and  law  departments  of  the  university  of  Michigan,  graduating 
from  the  latter  in  1883 ;  has  been  prosecuting  attorney  of  his 
county;  in  1901  he  was  appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  state  a 
member  of  the  board  of  state  tax  commissioners  and  state  board 
of  assessors,  in  the  latter  capacity  taking  part  in  the  first  assess 
ment  of  railroad  property  of  the  state  for  taxation  ;  was  elected 
to  the  sixtieth  congress  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican  ;  and  resides  in  Muskegon,  Mich. 

206.  Loud,  George  Alvin,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  tenth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  June  18,  1852,  in  Geauga 
county,  Ohio.    He  has  been  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  for 
thirty  years  in  connection  with  his  father  and  brothers.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses 
from  Michigan  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  tenth  district  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Au  Sable,  Mich. 

207.  Dodds,  Francis  H.,  United   States  congressman   from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  June  9,  1858,  in  the 
township  of  Louisville,  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y. ;  moved  to 
Isabella  county,  Mich.,  with  his  parents,  in  1866 ;  is  a  graduate 
of  Olivet  college ;  was  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
university  of  Michigan  in  1880,,  and  was  elected  president  of  the 
law  alumni  of  that  institution  for  the  ensuing  year ;  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law  continuously   since  then — 


476  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

from  1884  to  1886 — at  Bay  City,  Mich.,  and  during  the  rest  of 
the  time  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Mich. ;  has  served  as  city  attorney 
and  as  member  of  the  board  of  education  at  the  latter  place; 
was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  re 
sides  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Mich. 

208.  Young,  H.  Olin,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
twelfth  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1850,  at  New  Al 
bion,  Cattaraugus  county,  N.  Y. ;  had  an  academic  education  and 
is  a  lawyer ;  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state  legislature  in 
1879 ;  prosecuting  attorney  of  Marquette  county,  1886-1896 ;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides 
in  Ishpeming,  Mich. 

209.  Nelson,  Knute,  United  States  senator  from  Minnesota, 
was  born  Feb.  2,  1843,  in  Norway.     He  was  a  representative  in 
the  Wisconsin  legislature  in  1868-69.     He  removed  to  Minnesota 
in  1871 ;  was  state  senator  in  1875-78 ;  was  prosecuting  attorney 
of  Douglas  county  for  three  years ;  became  a  regent  of  the  Min 
nesota  state  university ;  and  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1880. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth 
congresses.     He  was  governor  of  Minnesota  in  1893-95.     Since 
1895  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Alex 
andria,  Minn. 

210.  Clapp,  Moses  Edwin,  United  States  senator  from  Minne 
sota,  was  born  May  21,  1851,  in  Delphi,  Ind,  He  was  reared  and 
educated  in  Wisconsin ;  and  removed  to  Minnesota  in  1881.  In 
1886-92  he  was  attorney-general  for  the  state  of  Minnesota.  In 
1901-03  he  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate ;  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

211.  Tawney,  James  A.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1855,  near  Gettys 
burg,  Pa.     In  1870  he  entered  the  blacksmith  shop  of  his  father 
as  an  apprentice ;  subsequently  learned  the  trade  of  machinist ; 
and  in  1877-81  followed  that  business  in  Winona,  Minn.     Since 
1882  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in 
1890  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  state  senate.     He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-third,    fifty-fourth,    fifty-fifth,    fifty- 
sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth     and    sixtieth    con 
gresses  from  Minnesota  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  district  of  Minnesota  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Winona,  Minn. 

212.  Hammond,  Winfield  Scott,  United  States  congressman 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  477 

from  the  second  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1863,  in 
Southboro,  Worcester  county,  Mass.  He  was  ediucated  in  the 
public  schools  and  entered  Dartmouth  college  in  1880.,  graduat 
ing  therefrom  in  1884.  From  September,  1884,  until  June,  1890, 
he  was  a  high  school  principal  in  the  state  of  Minnesota.  In  1891 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  since  that  time  has  been  a  prac 
ticing  attorney-at-law.  He  served  as  county  attorney  of  Waton- 
wan  county,  Minn.,  nearly  six  years  and  has  been  a  member  of 
the  state  board  of  normal  school  directors  for  Minnesota  for 
eight  years.  He  was  the  democratic  candidate  for  congress  from 
the  second  congressional  district  of  Minnesota  in  1892,  but  was 
defeated  by  James  Thompson  McCleary,  the  republican  candi 
date,  who  since  that  time  and  until  March  4,,  1907,  represented 
the  district ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-electe  J 
to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in  St.  James,  Minn. 

213.  Davis,  Charles  Russell,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  third  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  Sept.  17,  1849,  in 
Pittsfield,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Lesu- 
eur  county,  graduating  from  the  St.  Peter  high  school  in  1865 ; 
for  two  years  thereafter  received  private  instruction  in  the 
higher  branches  and  took  a  business  college  course  in  St.  Paul 
during  the  winter  of  1867-68.  He  studied  law  with  Alfred  Wal- 
lin,  president  chief  justice  of  North  Dakota ;  since  1872  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Minnesota.  He  was  county  attorney  of 
Nicoll  county  for  ten  years ;  and  city  clerk  and  city  attorney  of 
St.  Peter  for  eighteen  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  house  of  rep 
resentatives  of  the  state  legislature  in  1888  and  to  the  senate  in 
1890.  He  was  captain  of  company  I,  second  regiment,  Minne 
sota  national  guard,  for  four  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Minnesota 
as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  third  district  of  Minnesota  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

214.  Stevens,  Frederick  Clement,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  fourth  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1861. 
in  Boston,  Mass.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1884,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  St.  Paul.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state  leg 
islature  of  Minnesota  in  1888-89  and  1890-91.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and!  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fourth  district  of  Minnesota  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

215.     Nye,  Frank  Mellen,  United  States  congressman  from 


478  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICAN  S 

the  fifth  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  March  7,  1852,  in  Shir 
ley,  Maine.  He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the 
fifth  district  of  Minnesota  for  the  term  of  1907-09;  and  resides 
in  Minneapolis,  Minn. ;  in  1905-06  was  United  States  consul  to 
Smyrna;  and  since  1906  United  States  consul  to  Chemnitz,  Ger 
many.  Since  1900  he  has  been  in  the  United  States  consular 
service,  and  since  1906  has  been  consul  to  Chemnitz,  Saxony, 
Germany.  In  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Minnesota  to 
the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses ;  and  resides  in  Minneap 
olis,  Minn. 

216.  Lindbergh,   Charles   A.,    United    States     congressman 
from  the  sixth  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  in  Sweden  and 
brought  by  his  parents  to  Melrose,  Minn.,  in  his  first  year ;  Aug 
ust   Lindbergh,   his   father,   was   a   farmer,   and   Mr.    Lindbergh 
spent  his  boyhood  days  on  the  farm  at  Melrose ;  he  has  been  a-i 
extensive  writer  for  magazines  and  newspapers  on  political  econ 
omy  ;  has  always  taken  great  interest  in  farming,  and  continues 
his  home  on  his  farm  when  his  official  business  does  not  keep 
him  away.     When  elected  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law,  but  immediately  closed  his  office  and  gives  his  time 
exclusively  to  his  public  duties ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in 
Little  Falls,  Minn. 

217.  Volstead,  Andrew  J.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  seventh  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  in  1860  in  Goodhue 
county,  Minn.    He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools,  St.  Olaf's 
college,  and  Decorah  institute.     He  has  been  president  of  the 
board  of  education  ;  city  attorney ;  maiyor  of  Granite  Falls ;  and 
for  fourteen  years  county  attorney  of  Yellow  Medicine  county. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  Minnesota  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  Minnesota 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Granite  Fialls,  Minn. 

218.  Miller,  Clarence  Benjamin,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  March  13,  1872. 
on  a  farm  in  Goodhue  county,  Minn.,  the  son  of  a  veteran  of  the 
civil  war  who  died  in  1876 ;  was  educated  in  country  school,  hign 
school,  and  Minneapolis  academy;  graduated   from  the  univer 
sity  of  Minnesota  in  1895,  and  from  the  law  department  of  the 
same  institution  in  1900;  was  superintendent  of  public  schools 
of  Rushford,  Minn.,  1895  to  1898 ;  since  1900  has  practiced  law 
at  Duluth ;  was  a  member  of  the    Minnesota    legislature    1907 ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  479 

was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress;  and  resides  in  Duluth. 
Minn. 

219.  Steenerson,  Halvor,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Minnesota,  was  born  June  30,  1852,  in  Dane 
county,  Wis.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Crookston,  Minn. : 
has  been  county  attorney,  city  attorney  and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education.  He  served  Minnesota  as  state  senator  in 
1883-85  ;  and  in  1884  was  a  member  of  the  national  republican 
convention.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth 
congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress  from  the  ninth  district  of  Minnesota;  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  term  ending  in  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Crookston,  Minn. 

220.  Money,  Hernando  De  Soto,  United  States  senator  from 
Mississippi,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1839,  in  Holmes  county,  Miss.   He 
received  his  education  in  the  university  of  Mississippi.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth,  forty-sixth,  forty-sev 
enth,   forty-eighth,  fifty-third   and   fifty-fourth   congresses   as   a 
democrat.     In  1896-97  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  United 
States  senate  to  fill  a  vacancy ;  and  was  elected  for  a  full  term 
commencing  March  4,  1899.     He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Balti 
more  convention  of  1872 ;  and  of  the  Chicago  convention  of  1896. 
Since  1897  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate, 
and  is  now  serving  the  term  ending  in  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Carrollton,  Miss. 

221.  McLaurin,  Anselm  Joseph,  United  States  senator  from 
Mississippi,  son  of  Lauchlin  and   Ellen   Caroline   (Tullus)    Mc 
Laurin,  was  born  March  26,  1848,  at  Brandon,  Miss. ;  moved  with 
his  parents  the  latter  part  of  that  year  to  Smith  county,  where 
he  was  raised  on  a  farm  ;  attended  the  neighborhood  schools  oc 
casionally  until  sixteen  years  old,  when  he  joined  the  confederate 
army  and  served  as  a  private ;  after  the  war,  attended  two  years 
at  Summerville  institute,  completing    the    junior   year;    was    li 
censed  by  Judge  Watts  to  practice  law    July    3,  1868 ;  married 
Miss  Laura  Ranch  Feb.  22,  1870,  of  which  marriage  ten  children 
have  been  born,  seven  now  living;  was  elected  district  attorney 
in  1871 ;  representative   in  the  legislature  in   1879 ;  presidential 
elector  for  the  state-at-large  in  1888 ;  delegate  to  the  constitu 
tional  convention  in  1890 ;  United  States  senator  in   February, 
1894;  governor  of  Mississippi  in  1895,  and   served  four  years; 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in  January,  1900,  for  the  term 
beginning   March    4,    1901 ;    re-elected  for  the  term  beginning 


480  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

March  4,  1907.     His  term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1913; 
and  resides  in  Brandon,  Miss. 

222.  Candler,  Ezekiel  Samuel,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Mississippi,  was  born  Jan.  18,  1862,  in 
Bellville,  Fla.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Mississippi  as  a 
democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
first  district  of  Mississippi  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Corinth,  Miss. 

223.  Spight,  Thomas,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second  district  of  Mississippi,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1841,  in  Ripley, 
Miss.  In  1861  he  entered  the  confederate  army;  and  was  in  com 
mand  of  the  thirty-fourth  Mississippi  infantry  at  the  close  of 
war.  In  1879-84  he  founded,  owned  and  edited  the  Southern 
Sentinel  of  Ripley,  Miss,  In  1884-92  he  was  district  attorney. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Mississippi 
as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  second  district  of  Mississippi  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Ripley,  Miss. 

224.  Humphreys,  Benjamin  Grubb,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  third  district  of  Mississippi,  was  born  Aug.  17. 
1865,  in  Claiborne  county,  Miss.  He  was  educated  at  the  univers- 
of  Mississippi ;  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1895-1903 
he  was  district  attorney  for  the  fourth  circuit  court  district  of 
Mississippi.  He  served  in  the  second  Mississippi  volunteer  in 
fantry  under  Major-General  Fitzhugh  Lee  in  Florida  during  the 
Spanish-American  war.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  third  district  of  Mississippi  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Greenwood,  Miss. 

225.  Sisson,  Thomas  Upton,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  Mississippi,  was  born  Sept.  22,  1869,  in 
Attala  county,  Miss.  He  moved  with  his  father  when  a  boy  to 
Choctaw  county,  Miss.,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools 
in  the  county,  and  later  the  French  Camp  academy,  located  at 
F,rench  Camp,  Miss. ;  graduated  at  the  Southwestern  Presby 
terian  university,  at  Clarkesville,  Tenn.,  taking  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  in  1889;  was  principal  of  the  Carthage  high  school  the 
session  of  1889-90,  and  the  next  two  years  was  principal  of  the 
graded  schools  of  Kosciusko,  Attala  county,  Miss.  He  gradu 
ated  in  law  at  Cumberland  University,  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  1894;  moved  from 
Memphis  to  Winona,  Miss.,  in  1895  where  he  has  since  prac- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  481 

ticed  law.  He  was  elected  grand  master  of  Masons  in  1904,  be 
ing-  the  youngest  man  ever  elected  to  that  position  in  Missis 
sippi;  was  married  June  5,  1901,  to  'Miss  Mamie  Purnell,  and 
has  three  children.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  from 
the  j twenty-sixth  senatorial  district,  embracing  the  counties 
of  Montgomery  and  Carroll,  being  nominated  as  a  democrat 
without  oposition ;  was  democratic  elector  for  the  state  at  large 
in  1900 ;  was  nominated  and  elected  district  attorney  of  the  fifth 
judicial  district  as  a  democrat  in  1903,  carrying  eigiit  out  of 
the  nine  counties ;  was  a  candidate  for  governor  of  Mississippi  in 
1907,  and  was  defeated  by  a  small  plurality,  there  being  six 
candidates  in  the  race,  and  only  a  small  difference  in  the  vote 
received  by  the  four  highest  candidates ;  was  nominated  for  con 
gress  over  two  opponents  in  the  first  primary,  1908 ;  and  elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in  Winona,  Miss. 

226.  Byrd,  Adam  Monroe,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth   district  of   Mississippi,  born  July   6,   1859,  in   Sumter 
county,  Ala.     In  1889  he  was  elected  to  the  Mississippi  state 
senate;  and'  in  1895  to  the  state  legislature.     In  1903-11  he  was 
a  representative  from  Mississippi  to  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth, 
sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in 
Philadelphia,  Miss. 

227.  Bowers,  Eaton  Jackson,  United  States  congressman  from 
the   sixth   district   of  Mississippi,  was  born   June   17,   1865,   in- 
Canton,  Miss.     In  1896  he  was  elected  to  the  Mississippi  state 
senate;  and  in  1900  to  the  house  of!  representatives.     He  was  a 
member  to  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as 
a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  sixth  district  of  Mississippi  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  St.  Louis,  Miss.  ] 

228.  Dickson,  William  Alexander,  United   States   congress 
man,  from  the   seventh   district  of  Mississippi,  was  born  July 
20,  1861,  in  Centerville,  Miss.     He  was  educated  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  of  his  native  town ;  graduated  from  Pleasant 
Grove   high    school,    attended   the    Centenary    college   of  Jack 
son,  La.;  and  he  graduated  from  the  Vanderbilt  university  of 
Nashville,  Tenn.    He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  super 
visors  ;  county  school  commissioner;  presidential  elector;  and  a 
member  of  the  trustees  of  the  agricultural  college  of  Mississippi. 
He  served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legis 
lature,  and  still  resides  in  Centerville,  'Miss.  In  1909-11  he  was  a 
representative  from  Mississippi  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat ;  and  resides  in  Centerville,  Miss. 

229.  Collier,  James  William,  United  States  congressman  from 


482  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  eighth  district  of  Mississippi,  was  born  at  Glenwood  planta 
tion,  near  Vicksburg,  in  Warren  county,  Miss.,  Sept.  28,  1872. 
He  attended  the  public  and  high  schools  of  his  county  until 
1890,  when  he  entered  the  State  university ;  in  189-1  he  graduated 
in  law  from  that  institution ;  in  1895  he  was  elected  a  membei 
of  the  lower  house  of  the  Mississippi  legislature,  being  the 
youngest  member  of  that  body ;  was  elected  circuit  clerk  of  War 
ren  county  in  1899  and  re-elected  without  opposition  in  1903  and 
1907.  In  1900  he  married  Miss  Emma  H.  Klein;  they  have  two 
children.  In  1908  he  was  nominated  by  the  democratic  party  for 
the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

230.  Stone,  William  Joel,  United   States  senator  from   Mis 
souri,  was  born  May  7,  1848,  in  Madison  county,  Ky.     He  was 
educated    at   the    university    of   Missouri.      In    1873-74    he    was 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Vernon  county,  Mo. ;  and  was  elector  on 
the  Tilden  and  Hendricks  ticket  in  1876.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  governor  of  the  state  of  Missouri  in  1892-1896.     He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  ending  1915, 
and  resides  in  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

231.  Warner,  William,  United  States  senator  from  Missouri, 
was  born  in  Lafayette  county,  Wis.     In  1862  he  enlisted  in  the 
thirty-third  Wisconsin  regiment ;  and  was  mustered  out  at  the 
close  of  the  war  with  the  rank  of  major  in  the  fifty-fourth  Wis 
consin.     Since  1865  he  has  practiced  law  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. ; 
was   city   attorney   in   1867 ;   and   circuit   attorney   in    1868.      In 
1885-89    he   was    a    member    of   congress    from    Missouri    as    a 
republican.     He  has  served  four  terms  as  United  States  district 
attorney  for  the  western  district  of  Missouri.     In  1888  he  was 
commander-in-chief  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.     He  is 
a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  from  Missouri  from  the 
term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Kansas  city,  Mo. 

232.  Lloyd,   James    Tighlman,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Missouri  was  born   Aug.  27,  1857,  in 
Canton,   Mo.     Since   1885  he  has  practiced   law   in   Shelbyville, 
Mo.     He  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  his  county  in  1889-93.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  at  a  special  election  held 
in  1897,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  ;  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as 
a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  first  district  of  Missouri  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Shelbyville,  Mo. 

233.  Rucker,    William    Waller,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  Feb.  1,  1855,  near 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  483 

Covington,  Va. ;  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  moved  with  his 
parents  to  West  Virginia,  in  which  state  he  attended  the  com 
mon  schools ;  at  the  age  of  18  he  moved  to  Chariton  county,  Mo., 
and  for  two  years  engaged  in  teaching  district  schools,  during 
which  time  he  continued  the  study  of  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1876 ;  in  1886  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Chari 
ton  county,  which  office  he  held  for  three  consecutive  terms  and 
until  he  was  nominated  for  circuit  judge  of  the  twelfth  judicial 
circuit;  in  1892  was  elected  judge  for  a  term  of  six  years, 
which  position  he  held  at  the  time  he  was  nominated  for  Con 
gress ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fif 
ty-ninth,  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress ;  ;and  resides  in  Keytesville,  Mo. 

234.  Alexander,  Joshua  W.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Jan. 
22,  1852 ;  he  attended  the  public  schools  there  for  three  years, 
and  later  the  public  schools  at  Canton,  Lewis  county,  Mo.,  and 
having  finished  the  public  schools  entered  Christian  University 
at  Canton,  Mo.,  in  Sept.  1868,  and  graduated  in  June,  1872,  re 
ceiving  the  degree  of  A.  B.  and  the  degree  of  A.  M.,  in  June, 
1907 ;  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875  at 
Gallatin,   Mo.,  where   he   has   resided   continuously   since   June, 
1873;  he  was  elected  public  adiministrator  of  Daviess  county  in 
1876,  and  re-elected  in  1880;  in  April,  1882,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the   board  of  education  of   Gallatin   school   district, 
and  served,  first  as  president  and  later  as  secretary,  for  twenty- 
one  years ;  in  1882  was  elected  representative  to  the  general  as 
sembly  of  Missouri  from  Daviess  county,  and  re-elected  in  1884 
and  1886,  serving-  in  the  thirty-second,  thirty-third,  and  thirty 
fourth  general  assemblies ;  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
appropriations  in  the  thirty-third  and  speaker  of  the  house   in 
the  thirty-fourth  assembly;  he  has  served  two  terms  as  mayor  of 
the    house    in   the   thirty-fourth   assembly;   he   has    served   two 
terms  as  mayor  of  Gallatin ;  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  man 
agers  of  State  asylum  for  the  insane  at  St.  Joseph  for  a  number 
of  years,  having  been  appointed  by  Governor  William  J.  Stone ; 
\vas  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial  circuit  of  Missouri  from  Jan.- 
uary,  1901,  until  Feb.  1,  1907 ;  he  has  always  been  a  democrat 
and  active  in  the  politics  of  the  state ;  he  married  the  daughter 
of  the  late  Judge  Samuel  A.  Richardson  in  Feb.  1876 ;  his  wife 
and  eight  children,  five   sons  and  three   daughters,  are  living; 
was   elected   to   the   sixtieth   congress,   re-elected   to   the   sixty- 
first  congress ;  and  resides  in  Gallatin,  Mo. 

235.  Booher,  Charles  F.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 


484  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

fourth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  in  East  Groveland,  Livings 
ton  county,  N.  Y.,  January  31,  1848 ;  was  brought  up  on  a  farm 
and  attended  the  common  schools ;  taught  school  and  studied 
law,  and  went  to  Savannah  in  1870 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1871,  since  which  time  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
the  law.  Held  the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney  six  years ;  was 
Presidential  elector  on  the  democratic  ticket  in  1880 ;  mayor  of 
Savannah  six  years ;  is  married  and  has  four  children ;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ; 
and  resides  in  Savannah,  Mo. 

236.  Borland,  William  Patterson,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  in   Leavenworth, 
Kans.,  Oct.  14,  1867 ;  has  resided  in  Kansas  city,  Mo.,  since  Sept 
1880 ;  attended  the  ward  and  high  schools  of  Kansas  city ;  read 
law  in  the  office  of  Pratt-McCrary-Ferry  &  Hagerman ;  entered 
the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor, 
and  was  graduated  in  1892 ;  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law 
at  Kansas  city ;  in  1895  helped  to  organize  the  Kansas  city  school 
of  law,  and  was  elected  dean,  being  re-elected  each  year  since ; 
has  been  continuously  engaged   in  the  active  practice  of  law ; 
married  in  1904  to  Ona  Winants,  daughter  of  W.  H.  Winants, 
of  Kansas  city,  and  has  one  son ;  published  in  1907  a  text-book  on 
the  Law  of  Wills  and  Administrations ;  served  on  the  "Municipal 
Lobby"  of  Kansas  city  at  the  legislature  of  1907,  and  drafted 
several  laws  relating  to  city  government,  including  the  act  em 
powering  cities  to  regulate  charges  of  public  service  corporations ; 
was  elected  April,  1908,  member  of  the  board  of  thirteen  free 
holders  to  draft  new;  charter  for  Kansas  city ;  charter  as  drafted 
was  adopted  by  popular  vote  Aug.  4,  1908 ;  was  nominated  Aug. 
4,  1908,  at  a  direct  primary,  and    elected    to  the  sixty-first   con 
gress  ;  and  resides  in  Kansas  city,  Mo. 

237.  Sixth    district   vacant   through   death    of    David   A.    De 
Armond. 

238.  Hamlin,  Courtney  Walker,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  at  Brevard,  N. 
C.,  Oct.  27,  1858 ;  is  a  lawyer  and  married ;  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-eighth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress,  receiving  21,371  votes,  to  23,927  for  John  Whit- 
taker,  republican,  and  663  for  E.  T.  Behrens,  socialist;  and  re 
sides  in  Springfield,  Mo. 

239.  Shackleford,  Dorsey  W.,  United     States     congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  Aug.  27,  1853,  in 
Saline  county,  Mo.     In  1879  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Booneville,  Mo. ;  and  in  1882-86  served  as  prosecuting  attorney  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  485 

Cooper  county.  In  1892-99  he  was  judge  of  the  fourteenth  judi 
cial  circuit  of  Missouri.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  'fifty -ninth  and!  Sixtieth  congresses 
from  Missouri  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  eighth  district  of  Missouri  for  the  term 
of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

240.  Clark,  Champ,  United  States  congressman  from  the  ninth 
district  of  Missouri,  was  born  March  7,   1850,  near  Lawrence- 
burg,  Ky.     In  1873  he  graduated  with  highest  honors  from  the 
Bethany  college,  W.  Va. ;  and  became  president  of  the  Marshall 
college  of  Huntington,  W.  Va.     He  has  been  city  attorney  for 
Louisiana  and  Bowling  Green,  Mo. ;  prosecuting  attorney  of  Pike 
county,  Mo. ;  and  he  has  served  as  special  judige  of  the  Louisiana 
(Mo.)  court  of  common  pleas.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fiftiy-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth   congresses.     He   was   re-elected   to   the   sixty-first 
congress  from  the  ninth  district  of  Missouri   for  the  term   of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Bowling  Green,  Mo. 

241.  Bartholdt,  Richard,  United1  States  congressman  from  the 
tenth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1855,  in  Germany. 
He  came  to  this  country  when  a  boy ;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation  ;  learned  the  printing  trade ;  and  has  remained  a  newspap 
er  man  ever  since.     He  was  connected  with  several  eastern  pap 
ers  as  reporter,  legislative  correspondent,  and  editor  of  the  St. 
Louis  Tribune.    He  was  elected  to  the  board  of  public  schools  of 
St.  Louis,  and  in  1891  was  chosen  its  president.  He  is  regard 
ed  as  the  leader  of  the  peace  movement  in  the  United  States ; 
was    president   of   the    Interparliamentary    union ;    and    is    now 
president  of  the  arbitration  group  in  congress.     He  was  a  mem 
ber   of   the   fifty-third,    fifty-fourth,   fifty-fifth,    fifty-sixth,    fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
tenth  district  of  Missouri  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

242.  Gill,  Patrick  F.,  United   States  congressman   from   the 
eleventh  district  of  Missouri  was  born  Aug.  16,  1868,  in  Inde 
pendence,  Mo.     He  was  left  fatherless  when  three  years  of  age ; 
and  then  moved  with   his  mother  to  St.   Louis,  Mo.     He  was 
educated  in  the  parochial  schools ;  and!  at  the  St.  Louis  university. 
For  over  twenty-two  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  business  in 
St.    Louis,   o. ;   and    is    secretary   of   the    Gill    brothers    grocery 
company.     For  four  years  he  was  clerk  in  the  circuit  court ;  and 
has  held  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.    In  1909-11  he  was 


486  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

a  representative  from  Missouri  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat ;   and   resides   in   St.   Louis,   Mo. 

243.  Coudrey,     Harry     Marcy,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  F,eb.  28,  1867, 
in  Brunswick,  Me.     In  1878  he  removed  to  St.  Louis ;  attended 
the  public  school  of  that  city;  and  graduated  from  the  manual 
training  school.    He  at  once  entered  the  insurance  business;  and 
is  now  the  owner  of  the  insurance  firm  of  Harry  M.  Coudrey  and 
company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     In  1877-99  he  was  a  member  of  the 
St.  Louis  municipal  assembly.    He  is  a  member  of  the  merchants 
exchange,  the  business  men's  league,  a  director  of  the  Common 
wealth  trust  company,  a  member  of  the  loyal  legion,  secretary  of 
the  St.   Louis  club,  and  a  member  of  various  other  clubs  and 
societies.    He  is  vice-president  of  the  Washington  national  bank ; 
is  president  of  the  St.  Louis  fire  insurance  agents'  association ; 
president    of   the    national    association    of    casualty    and   surety 
agents ;  and  a   director  of  the   universal   adding  machine   com 
pany.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congress 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  Missouri  as  a  republican,  but  was  not 
seated  until  near  the  end  of  the  first  session.    He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

244.  Elvins,  Politte,  United  States  congressman  from  the  thir 
teenth  district  of  Missouri,  the  son  of  Jesse  M.  and  Zelma  Politt-:1 
Elvins,  was  born  March  16,  1878,  in  St.  F,rancois  county.  Mo. ; 
after  going  through  the  public  schools  and  receiving  his  degree 
at  Carleton  college,  finished  his  education,  academic  and  legal, 
at  the  university  of  Missouri,  graduating  there  June  8,  1899  ;  the 
day  following  his  graduation,  at  21  years  of  age,  was  licensed 
by  the   supreme  court   of   Missouri   to   practice   law   in   all   the 
courts  of  the  state,  which  has  been  his  profession  ever  since ; 
married  November  25,   1901,  to   Florence  Kells,  of  Arcadia :  at 
the  age  of  26  was  made  Presidential  elector  for  his  district,  and 
was  selected  as  the  messenger  to  carry  the  vote  of  the  state  to 
Washington  ;  was  nominated  by  the  republicans  for  representa 
tive  in  congress  in  the  general  state  primary  election  held  Aug. 
3,  1908,  carrying  ten  of  the  eleven  counties  of  the  district ;  was 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and  resides  in  Flvins,  Mo. 

245.  Crow,    Charles    Augustus,   United    States    congressman 
from  the  fourteenth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  at  Sikeston, 
Mo.,  March  31,  1873  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm  ;  lived  twenty-three 
years  near  Sikeston;  moved  to  a  farm  near  Bernie  Aug.   1896, 
where    he    lived    six    years;    moved    to    Caruthersville    in    1901, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  48? 

where  he  has  since  resided ;  has  but  a  common  school  education, 
never  having  attended  college;  married  Miss  Mary  Brown,  of 
Sikeston,  November  22,  1893 ;  has  had  six  children,  three  sons 
and  three  daughters,  two  of  whom  are  now  living;  was  for  seven 
years  postmaster  of  Caruthersville ;  while  acting  as  postmaster 
he  several  times  called  the  attention  of  congress  to  the  manner 
of  weighing  the  mails;  congress  finally  revised  the  method, 
whereby  it  is  estimated  a  saving  of.  $10,000,000  a  year  was  effect 
ed  ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and 
resides  in  Caruthersville,  Mo. 

246.  Morgan,    Charles    Henry,   'United    States    congressman 
from  the  fifteenth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  in  Alleghany 
county,  N.  Y.,  July  5,  1843 ;  was  raised  on  a  farm  in  Wisconsin ; 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  Fond  du  Lac  High 
school ;  enlisted  while  at  school  in  the  First  Wisconsin  infantry, 
at  the   outbreak  of  the   civil   war ;   was   private,   sergeant,   and 
sergeant-major   of   that   regiment;   was   second   lieutenant,   first 
lieutenant,  and  captain  of!  the  twenty-first  Wisconsin  infantry ; 
was  captured  Sept.  20,  1863,  at  the  battle  of  Chicamauga,  and 
confined    in    Libby   prison,    Richmond,   at    Macon,    Ga.,    and    at 
Charleston  and  Columbia,  S.  C. ;  escaped  five  times  from  prison, 
was  recaptured  four  times,  but  finally  reached  the  Union  lines 
north  of  Columbia,  S.  C.,  Feb.  22,  1865 ;  after  the  war  gradu 
ated  from  Albany  law  school ;  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Bar- 
tqn  county,   Mo.,   four   years;   was   a   member  of   the   Missouri 
legislature  1872-73  ;  was  a  member  of  the  forty-fourth,  forty-fifth, 
fiorty-eighth,  and  fifty-third  congresses ;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
democratic   national   convention   at   Cincinnati   in    1880 ;   was   a 
democratic   elector  at  large  in   1882 ;  was   lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  Fifth  Missouri  volunteer  infantry  in  the  Spanish-American 
war ;  was  elected  to  the   sixty-first   congress,  as   a   republican ; 
and   resides   in  Joplin,   Mo. 

247.  Murphy,   Arthur   P.,   United    States   congressman   from 
the  sixteenth  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  at  Hancock,  Pulaski 
county,  Mo.,   Dec.   10,  1870 ;  educated  in  the  public   schools  of 
Pulaski  county,  and  the  Missouri  school  of  mines  and  metallurgy 
at  Rolla,  Phelps  county ;  worked  on  a  farm  as  hired  hand,  on 
the  railroad  as  a  section  hand,  and  as  a  railroad  telegraph  opera 
tor  and  train  dispatcher ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  March  4,   1894 ;  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice 
since  that  time;  was  national  attorney  for  the  Creek  Nation  of 
Indians  for  two  years;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress: 


488  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in 
Rolla,  Mo. 

248.  Carter,  Thomas  Henry,  United  States  senator  from  Mon 
tana,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1854,  in  Scioto  county,  Ohio.     He  was 
engaged  in  farming*,  railroading,  and  school  teaching  for  a  num 
ber  of  ears ;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.     In  1882 
he  removed  from  Burlington,  Iowa,  to  Helena,  Mont. ;  and  was 
elected  delegate  from  the  territory  of  Montana  to  the  fifty-first 
congress  as  a  republican,  and  upon  the  admission  of  the  state 
was  elected  its  first  representative  in  congress.     He  was  com 
missioner  of  the  general  land  office  from  March,  1891,  to  July, 
1892;  arwj  in  January,  1895,  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  by  the  legislature  of  Montana  for  the  term  beginning  in 
189o  and  ending  in  1901.    In  July,  1892,  he  was  elected  chairman 
of  the  republican  national  committee.    He  was  appointed  United 
States  commissioner  to  the  St.  Louis   exposition  in  1900,  and 
was  made  president.    He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
from  Montana  for  the  term  of  1905-11;  and  resides  in  Helena, 
Mont. 

249.  Dixon,  Joseph  Moore,  United  States  senator  from  Mon 
tana,  was  born  July  31,  1867,  in  Snow  Camp,  N.  C.      In  1894- 
97  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Missoula  county,  Montana ; 
and    in  1900-02  was  a  member  of  the  Montana  state  legislature. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth  congress  from  Montana  as 
a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress  at 
large  from  Montana  for  the  term  of  1905-07 ;  elected  U.  S.  sen 
ator  from  Montana  for  term  beginning  March  4,  1907,  ending 
March  4,  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Missoula,  Mont. 

250.  Pray,  Charles  N.,  United  States  congressman  at  large 
from  Montana,  was  born  at  Potsdam,  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.Y. ; 
was   educated   at   Middlebury   College,   Vermont,   and    Chicago 
College   of   Law;   served   as   assistant   prosecuting   attorney   of 
Chouteau   county,   twelfth   judicial    district   of   Montana,    1897- 
98 ;  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in  1898,  and  re-elected  in 
1900,  1902,  and  1904 ;  was  married  in  1901  to  Edith  C.  Wacker- 
lin ;  while  serving  his  fourth  term  as  prosecuting  attorney  was 
elected    to    the    sixtieth    congress,    re-elected    to    the    sixty-first 
congress ;  and  resides  in  Fort  Benton,  Mont. 

251.  Burkett,  Elmer  Jacob,  United  States  senator  from;  Ne 
braska,  was  born  Dec.  1,  1867,  in  Mills  county,  Iowa.     In  1890 
he  graduated  from  Tabor  college  of  Iowa ;  with  the  degree  of 
B.  S. ;  and  in  1893  graduated  from  the  state  university  of  Ne 
braska,  from  which  institution  he  has  received  the  degree  of  L  L. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  489 

B.  and  LL.  D.  and  LL.  M.  In  18%  he  was  a  member  represen 
tative  in  the  Nebraska  state  legislature.  In  1890-92  he  taught 
school ;  and  subsequently  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Lincoln,  Neb.  In  1896-98  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Nebraska  state  legislature.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh  and  fifty-eighth  congresses  from  Nebraska  as  a 
republican.  He  was  elected  to  the  United:  States  senate  from 
Nebraska  for  the  term  of  1905-11;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

252.  Brown,   Norris,  United   States  senator  from   Nebraska, 
was  born  May  2,  1863,  in  Maquoketa,  Iowa.     He  was  educated 
at  the  state  university  of  Iowa,  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession. 
Irh  1904-06  he  was  attorney-general  o:f  the  state  of  Nebraska.    In 
1906  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  for 
term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

253.  Maguire,  John  A.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  Nebraska,  was  born  in  Jc   Daviess  county,  111., 
November  29,  1872 ;  moved!  with  his  parents  to  near  Plankinton. 
S.  Dak.,  where  they  settled  on  a  government  homestead ;  worked 
on    the    farm    and    attended    district    school    during   the   winter 
months,  and  later  taught  in  both  district  and  city  schools ;  at 
tended   the   Agricultural    College   of   South    Dakota    for    three 
years ;  graduated  from  the  Iowa    College    of    Agriculture    and 
Mechanic  Arts;  graduated  from  the  academic  department  of  the 
University  of  Nebraska  with  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1898,  and 
from  the  law  department  in  1899 ;  was  then  appointed  deputy 
treasurer  of  Lancaster  County  and  served  two  years ;  entered 
the  practice  of  law  in  1902;  in  1904  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic   National   Convention   at   St.   Louis ;   was   secretary 
of  the  democratic  state  committee  in  1905 ;  was  nominated  by 
direct  primary  and  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  dem 
ocrat  ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

254.  Hitchcock,  Gilbert  M.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Nebraska,  was  born  in  that  city  Septem 
ber   18,   1859;   educated   in   the   Omaha   public   schools,   supple 
mented  by  two  years'  study  in  Germany  and  a  law  course  at 
Michigan  university  from  the  law  department  of  which  he  gradu 
ated  in  1881 ;  married  in  1883 ;  established  the  Omaha  Evening 
World  in  1885  and  is  now  publisher  and  editor  of  the  Omaha 
Morning,  Evening,  and  Sunday  World-Herald ;  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-eighth   congress,   defeated   for  re-election   to  the  fifty- 
ninth  congress,  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in   Omaha, 
Neb. 

255.  Latta,  James  P.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 


490  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

third  district  of  Nebraska,  was  born  near  Ashland,  Ohio,  Octo 
ber  31,  1844;  two  years  later  his  parents  moved  to  eastern  Iowa 
where  they  engaged  in  farming,  being  among  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  that  territory.  Here  he  grew  to  manhood,  working 
on  his  father's  farm  during  the  summers  and  attending  district 
school  during  the  winters,  making  the  most  of  the  opportunities 
thus  afforded  for  securing  an  education.  In  1863,  before  the 
overland  railroads  had  been  constructed,  he  walked  across  the 
state  of  Iowa,  crossed  the  Missouri,  and  took  up  a  homestead 
in  the  territory  of  Nebraska,  locating  in  Burt  county,  which 
county  has  since  been  his  home.  Being  one  of  the  pioneer  set 
tlers  he  was  closely  identified  with  the  early  development  and 
activities  of  eastern  Nebraska,  and  during  his  long  residence 
there  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  at  present, 
owning  and  operating  a  large  stock  farm  a  few  miles  north  of 
Tekamah  ;  is  president  of  the  First  National  bank  of  that  city. 
In  188?  he  represented  his  district  in  the  lower  house  of  the 
legislature  and  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  congress  was  a 
member  of  the  state  senate ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Tekamah,  Neb. 

256.  Hinshaw,    Edmund    Howard,    United    States    congress 
man   from   the   fourth   district   of   Nebraska,   was  born   Dec.   8, 
1860,  in  Greensboro,  Ind.     For  ten  years  he  taught  school ;  and 
ifor  one  year  was   superintendent   of  city   schools   of   Fairbury, 
Neb.      In    1887    he    began    the    practice   of    law;   and    has    held 
various  city  and  county  offices.     In  1898  he  was  a  nominee  for 
congress.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  Nebraska  as  a  republican.     He  was  re- 
elected    to    the    sixty-first    congress    for    the    fourth    district    of 
Nebraska  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Fairbury,  Neb. 

257.  Norris,    George   William,   United    States      congressman 
from    the    fifth    district   of   Nebraska,   was   born   on    a    farm    in 
Sandusky  county,  Ohio,  July   11,   1861,  and   his   early   life  was 
spent  on  the  farm  where  he  was  born.     His  father  died  when  he 
was  a  small   child;  his  only  brother  was  killed   in   the  war  of 
the    rebellion,   and   his    mother   was    left    in    straitened    circum 
stances  ;  was  compelled  to  work  out    among    the    neighboring 
farmers  by  the  day  and  month  durinq-  the  summer,  and  attended 
district  school  during  the  winter;  afterwards  taught  school  and 
earned  the  money  to  defray  expenses   for  a  higher   education; 
attended    Baldwin    university,    Berea,    Ohio,   and    the    Northern 
Indiana  normal  school,  Valparaiso;  studied  law  while  teaching, 
and    afterwards    finished   the    law    course    in    law    school;    was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1883  :  came  to  Nebraska    in    1885  ;    was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  491 

three  times  prosecuting  attorney,  twice  by  appointment  and 
once  by  election,  refusing  a  second  nomination  for  the  position ; 
was  elected  district  judge  of  fourteenth  district  in  1895,  and 
re-elected  to  the  same  position  in  1899,  which  position  he  held 
when  nominated  for  congress ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth,  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  as  a  republican  ;  and  resides  in  McCook,  Neb. 

258.  Kincaid,  Moses  P.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
sixth  district  o:f  Nebraska,  was  born  in  Monongalia  county,  W. 
Va.    Fpr  twenty-two  years  he  has  practiced  law  in  Holt  county, 
Neb. ;  in  1883  was  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  state  senate  ;  and 
m  1887-96  was  district  judge  of  Nebraska.     He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Ne 
braska  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress    from    the    sixth    district    of    Nebraska    for    the    term    of 
1909-11;  resides  in  O'Neill,  Neb. 

259.  Newlands,  Francis  Griffith,  United  States  senator  from 
Nevada,  was  born  in  Natchez,  Miss.,  August  28,  1848 ;  entered 
the  class  of  1867  at  Yale  College  and  remained  until  the  middle 
of  his  junior  year ;  later  on  attended  the  Columbian  college  law 
school  at  Washington,  but  prior  to  graduation  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
went  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  and  continued  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  until 
1888,  when  he  became  a   citizen  of  the  state  of  Nevada  ;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  and 
fifty-seventh  congresses,  and  served  on  the  committees  on  Irri 
gation,  Foreign  Affairs,  Banking  and  Currency,  and  Ways  and 
Means ;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  to  succeed  Hon. 
John  P.  Jones,  republican,  for  the  term  beginning  March  4,  1903. 
In  the  general  election  of  1908  Mr.  Newlands  submitted  his  can 
didacy  for  re-election  to  a  popular  vote,  under  the  election  law 
of  Nevada,  and  received  a  large  majority  over  the  votes  of  all 
competitors.     The  legislature,  being  pledged  in  advance  by  the 
party  platform  to  carry  out  the  popular  will,  thereupon  without 
opposition,   re-elected   him   United   States   senator  for   the  term 
ending  March  3,  1915  ;  and  resides  in  Reno,  Nev. 

260.  Nixon,  George  S.,  United  States  senator  from  Nevada, 
was  born  April  2,  1860,  in  Placer  county,  Cal.     He  was  educated 
in  the   public   schools   of   that   state ;   and   became   a   telegraph 
operator.     He  is  president  of  the  First  national  bank  of  Winne- 
inucca ;  and  general  manager  of  the  Nye  and    Ormsby    county 
bank  at  Carson  City,  Nev.     He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Ne- 


492  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

vada  legislature  as  a  republican  in  1891.  He  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Reno,  Nevada. 

261.  Bartlett,  George  A.,  United  States  congressman  at  large 
from  Nevada,  was  born  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Nov.  30,  1869; 
educated    in    the    common    schools   of    Nevada,    where    he    has 
resided  since  birth ;  lawyer  by  profession ;  graduate  of  law  de 
partment,  Georgetown  university.     Washington,  D.  C,  in  1894 ; 
was  elected  and  served  two  years  as  district  attorney  of  Eureka 
county ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Tonopah, 
Nev. 

262.  Gallinger,  Jacob  Harold,  United  States    senator    from 
New  Hampshire,  was  born  March  28,    1837,    in    Canada.     He 
practiced  medicine  and  surgery  from  1858  until  he  entered  public 
life.     He  was  a  member  of:  the  house  of  representatives  of  New 
Hampshire  in  1872-73  and  1891 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state 
senate   in   1878-80,  being  president  of  that  body  the  last  two 
years.     He  was  surgeon-general  of  New   Hampshire  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  in  1879-80.     He  was  chairman  of  the 
delegation  from  his  state  to  the  republican  national  convention 
of  1888.     He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-ninth  and  fiftieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican,  and  declined  renomination  to  the  fifty- 
first  congress.     Since  1890  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United 
States  senate,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and 
resides  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

263.  Burnham,    Henry    Eiben,    United    States    senator    from 
New  Hampshire,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1844,  in  Dumbarton,  N.  H. 
In  1876-79  he  was  judge  of  probate  at  Manchester,  N.  H.    Since 
1901  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  and  is 
now  serving  the  term   ending  in   1913 ;    and    resides  in    Man 
chester,  N.  H. 

264.  Sulloway,    Cyrus    Adams,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  New  Hampshire,  was  born  June  8,  1839. 
in  Grafton,  N.  H.     He  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
house   of   representatives    in    1872-73    and    1887-93.      He   was    a 
member  of  the   fifty-fourth,   fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  was   re-elected   to   the   sixty-first   congress    from    the    first 
district  of  New  Hampshire  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Manchester,  N.  H. 

265.  Currier,   Frank    Dunklee,   United     States     congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  Nevv  Hampshire,  was  born  Oct.  30, 
1853,  in  Canaan,  N.  H.     He  served  with  distinction  in  the  New 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  493 

Hampshire  state  senate  in  1887,  and  was  made  president  of  that 
body.  He  still  resides  in  the  place  of  his  nativity,  and  his  por 
trait  hangs  in  the  new  library  building  of  the  state  capitol.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh ;  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  second  district  of  New  Hampshire  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Canaan,  N.  H. 

266.  Kean,  John,  United   States  senator  from   New  Jersey, 
was  born   Dec.   1,   1852,  near   Elizabeth,  N.   J.     He   studied   at 
private  school ;  and  entered  Yale  college  in  the  class  of  1876. 
He  graduated  at  Columbia  college  law  school  in  1875.     He  was 
elected   to  the   forty-eighth   and  fiftieth    congresses;    and    was 
republican  candidate  for  governor  in  1892.     He  is  president  of 
the  National  State  bank  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J. ;  and  vice-president 
of  the  Manhattan  Trust  company  of  New  York.  He  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  in  1899 ;  and  his  term  will  expire  in 
1911 ;  and  resides  in  Ursino,  N.  J. 

267.  Briggs,    Frank   Obadiah,    United    States    senator    from 
New  Jersey,  was  born  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  in  the  year  1851,  and 
was  a  student  at  Phillip's  Exeter  academy  in  1866,  1867,  and 
1868,  and  at  West  Point,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution 
with  the  class  of  1872.    He  served  in  the  Second  U.  S.  Infantry 
as  second  lieutenant  until  1877,  when  he  moved  to  Trenton,  N. 
J.,  and  became  associated  with  John  A.  Roebling's  Sons  Com 
pany,   of   which   company    he    is   assistant   treasurer.      He   was 
elected  mayor  of  Trenton  April  11,  1899,  by  a  majority  of  816 
over  Joseph  A.  Corey,  democrat,  and!  served  as  such  until  Jan. 
1, 1902 ;  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  education 
by  Governor  Voorhees  in   1901   for  a  term  of  three  years,  but 
resigned  that  office  Jan.  3,  1902,  when  he  was  appointed  state 
treasurer  by  Governor  Voorhees  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  bv 
the  death  of  George  B.  Swain,  of  Newark,  which  occurred  on 
December  25,  1901.     The   appointment  of  Mr.   Briggs  was  ad 
interim,  and  on   February  11,   1902,  he  was  elected  by  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  legislature   for  a  full  term  of  three  years,  and 
re-elected  in  1905.    In  1904  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  state 
republican  committee  and  displayed  great  ability  and  industry 
in  the   management   of   the   successful   campaign   of   that  year. 
Mr.  Briggs  was  elected  United  States  senator  on  Feb.  5,  1907, 
to  succeed  Hon.  J.  F.  Dryden.     His  term  oil  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

268.  Loudenslager,  Henry  Clay,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  May  22,  1852, 
in  Mauricetown,  N.  J.     For  ten  years  he  was  engaged  in  the 


494  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

produce  commission  business  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was 
elected  county  clerk  in  1882  and  re-elected  in  1887.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as 
a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  third  district  of  New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and 
resides  in  Paulsboro,  N.  J. 

269.  Gardner,  John  J.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second   district   of   New  Jersey,  was   born   in   1845   in   Atlantic 
county,  N.  J.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  New  Jersey  as  a  republican.     He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second  district  of 
New  Jersey   for  the   term   of   1909-11 ;   and   resides   in   Atlantic 
City,  N.  J. 

270.  Howell,  Benjamin  Franklin,  United  Stales  congressman 
from  the  third  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  January,  1844, 
in  Cumberland  county,  N.  J.     He  is  president  of  the   People's 
National  banlc  of  New   Brunswick.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-fourth,   fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,    fifty-seventh,    fifty-ninth    and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first   congress   from   the   third   district   of  New  Jersey   for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

271.  Wood,  Ira  W.,  United   States  congressman    from    the 
fourth  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  in  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. ; 
is  an  alumnus  of  Princeton  University  ;  is  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  bar;  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  and 
the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Trenton ;  was  president  of  the 
board   of   trade   of   Trenton ;   was    elected    to   the   New   Jersey 
legislature  as  a  member  of  assembly   in   1899    and    1900;    was 
appointed  by  Governor  Murphy  a  commissioner  for  New  Jersey 
to  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
eighth  congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  appointment  of 
Hon.  William  M.  Lanning  as  district  judge  for  the  district  of 
New  Jersey,  vice  Hon.  Andrew  Kirkpatrick,  deceased,  and  also 
for  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

272.  Fowler,    Charles   Newell,   United     States    congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  Nov.  2,  1852,  in 
Lena,  111.     He  is  a  business  man  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He   was   re-elected   to   the   sixty-first  congress    from    the   fifth 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  495 

district  of  New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

273.  Hughes,  William,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
sixth  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  in  1872  ;  is  counselor  at 
laws   served    in   the   Second    New   Jersey   Volunteers,   Spanish- 
American  war ;  married  Margaret  Hughes,  July  16,   1898 ;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-eighth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress,  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides 
in  Paterson,  N.  J. 

274.  Parker,    Richard    Wayne,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  Aug.  6,  1848 ; 
graduated    from    Princeton   college   in    1867   and   from    the   law 
school  of  Columbia  college  in  1869 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
New  Jersey  in  June,  1870 ;  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  assem 
bly  of  New  Jersey  in  1885  and  1886  ;  was  the  republican  candi 
date  for  the  fifty-third  congress ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,    fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh,    fifty-eighth,    fifty-ninth,    and 
sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as 
a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Newark,  N.  J. 

275.  Wiley,  William    Halsted,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  July  10,  1842,  and  after  preparation  entered  what  is  now 
the  college  of  the  city  of  New  York  in  1856,  and  received  the 
degree  of  A.   B.  in  1861 ;  entered  the  Union  army  in  the  New 
York  state  volunteers,  and   was   mustered   out   in   1864  by   the 
consolidation  of  his  regiment ;  matriculated  at  the     Rensselaer 
Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  the  fall  of  1864,  entering 
the  advanced  course,  and  graduated  in  1866,  receiving  the  degree 
of  civil    engineer;   followed    that   profession    for   several   years, 
and  then  took  a  special  course  in  mining  at  the  Columbia  col 
lege  school  of  mines,  and  became  superintendent  of  a  mine,  re 
maining  several  years ;  at  the  request  of  his  father,  entered  his 
business  as  a  partner  in  1876 ;  was  elected  to  the  township  com 
mittee  of  East  Orange,  where  he  served  three  years,  and  was 
president  of  that  body  for  one  year ;  in  the  International  expo 
sition  at  Brussels,  in  1877,  was  president  of  one  of  the  juries  and 
a  member  of  the  superior  jury,  for  which  he  received  the  decora 
tion  of  the  Order  of  Leopold  from  the  King;  was  appointed  by 
the  governor  of  New  Jersey  a  member  of  the  commission  for 
the   Louisiana   Purchase   Exposition;  was   married,   in   1870,  to 
Miss  Joanna   King  Clark;  was  elected   to  the   fifty-eighth   and 
fifty-ninth  congresses ;  was  not  a  candidate  for  re-election  to  the 
sixtieth  congress,  but  was   nominated  without  opposition   and 


496  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress;  and  resides  in  East  Orange, 
N.  J. 

276.  Kinkead,  Eugene  F.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  ninth   district  of   New  Jersey,  was   born   March   21,  1876 ; 
elected  alderman  in  Jersey  City,  1898,  serving  as  president  of 
the   board ;   was    elected   to   the   sixty-first   congress,   receiving 
23,485  votes  to  18,608   for  Crickfield,  republican,    and    823   for 
Reilly,  socialist,  82  for  Gray,  prohibitionist,  and  71  for  Heimbeg, 
socialist  labor;  and  resides  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

277.  Hamill,  James  A.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
tenth   district  of  New  Jersey,  was  born   in  Jersey   City,  N.  J.; 
March  30,  1877 ;  received  his  education  at  St.   Peter's  college, 
Jersey  City,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1897. 
receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  in  the  subsequent  year  that 
of  A.  M. ;  completed  the  regular  course  of  lectures  in  the  New 
York  law  school,  and  in  1899  obtained  the  degree  of  LL.  B. ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of    New  Jersey    in    June,    1900 ;    was 
elected  in  1902  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  house  of  assembly, 
where  he  served  four  consecutive  one-year  terms,  during  the  last 
two  of  which  he  was  leader  in  that  body    of    the    democratic 
minority;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Jersey 
City,  N.  J. 

278.  Depew,  Chauncey  Mitchell,  United  States  senator  from 
New  York,  was  born  April  23,  1834,   in   Peekskill,  N.   Y.     In 
1861  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York  state  legislature ;  was  re- 
elected  ;   and   became   secretary  of  state.      In    1875   he   became 
counsel  of  the  Vanderbilt  railway  system ;  and  subsequently  its 
president.     He  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  president  in  the 
national   republican  convention  of  1888.     He  is  the  author  of 
two  works  entitled  Orations  and  After-Dinner  Speeches ;  and 
Later  Speeches.     In  1885  he  became  president  of  the  New  York 
Central  Hudson  River  railroad.     He  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  in  1899 ;  and  his  term  will  expire  in    1911 ;    and 
resides  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

279.  Root,  Elihu,  United  States  senator  from  New  York,  was 
born  Feb.  15,  1845,  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.     In  1867-83  he  was  in  the 
active  practice  of  law  in  the  city  of  New  York;  and  in  1883-85 
was  United  States  attorney  for  the  southern   district  of  New 
York.    In  1894  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitutional  con 
vention  of  New  York,  and  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  commission  on  the  Alaskan  boundary; 
and  in  1899-1904  was  United  States  secretary  of  war.     In  1905- 
09  he  was  United  States  secretary  of  state ;  in    1909    he    was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  497 

elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1915 ; 
and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

280.  Cocks,William  Willcts,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  New  York,  was  born  July  24,  1861,  in  West- 
bury,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.    He  was  educated  at  Swarthmore  col 
lege.     He  is  by  occupation  a  farmer,  having  farms    on    Long 
Island  and  a  ranch  in  Wabaunsee  county,  Kans.    He  has  always 
been   identified  with   public  affairs   of  his   community,  having 
been  elected  commissioner  of  highways  of  the  town  of  North 
Hempstead  in   1894,  and  re-elected    until    he    resigned    when 
elected  state  senator  in  1900,    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Old  Westbury,  N.  Y. 

281.  Lindsay,   George  Henry,  United    States    congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  New  York 
city.    For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  hotel  business.   In 
1882-86  he  was    a  member    of    the    state    assembly    from    the 
seventh  district.     In   1886-98   he   was   coroner  for   the   second 
district  of  Kings  county;  and  in  1898  was  appointed  assistant 
tax;  commissioner  in  the  department  of  taxes  and  assessments 
of  the  city  of  New  York.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses.     He   was   re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second  district  of 
New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

282.  Foelker,  Otto  Godfrey,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  1875  in  Germany. 
Since  1895  he  has  lived  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.     He  attended  the 
public  schools;  studied  law;  and  was  subsequently  admitted  to 
practice.     In  1904-05  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state 
assembly;  and  in  1906-08  he  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 
While  in  the  state  senate  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
canals ;  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  committees  of  affairs  on 
cities,  taxation,  retrenchment  and  state  prisons.     In  1908-11  he 
was  a  representative  from  New  York  to  the  sixtieth  congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy  and  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ; 
and  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

283.  Law,   Charles   Blakeslee,    United   States    congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Feb.  5,  1872, 
in  Hannibal,  N.  Y.   In  1891  he  graduated  from  Colgate  academy ; 
and  in  1895  from  Amherst  college.    Since  1897  he  has  practiced 
law  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.    He  was  elected  te  the  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  edngreea.    Ht  was1  r*-elee*«d  ta  tke  sbety-Ufst 


498  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

from  the  fourth  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

284.  Young,  Richard.  United  States  congressman   from  the 
fifth  district  of  New  York,  has  been  a  resident  of  Flatbush,  N. 
Y.,  more  than  twenty  years ;  was  born  in  Ireland ;  came  to  this 
country  when  five  years  of  age  with  his  parents,  who  settled  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and 
graduated    from    commercial    college ;    went    to    New    York    to 
engage  in  the  leather  trade,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Richard 
Young    Company,   one   of   the    most   important    leather   houses 
in  the  country,  having  branches  and  agencies,  not  alone  in  the 
United  States,  but  throughout  the  world ;  was  married  to  Har 
riet  M.  Wells,  of  Wellsville,  Pa.,  in  1873,  and  has  two  children, 
a  married   daughter   and   son ;   was   school   commissioner  seven 
years ;  organized  the  Erasmus  Hall  high  school  and  has  been 
chairman  from  its  establishment ;  was  appointed  park  commis 
sioner  for  the  boroughs  of  Brooklyn  and  Queens  under  Mayor 
Low,  and  his  work  in  that  department  attracted  much  attention ; 
transformed  the  barren  sand  waste  at   Coney   Island   into  the 
beautiful  Seaside  Park,  the  redeeming  feature  at  Coney  Island ; 
bult  the  sea  wall  and  concourse  at  that  resort  and  macademized 
the  boulevard  from  Kings  highway  to  the  sea.     During  his  ad 
ministration  the  east  side  land  was  transformed  from     a     dis 
agreeable,   neglected   waste   into   the   attractive   Institute    Park ; 
he  directed   many   improvements     in    parks    and  parkways    of 
Brooklyn  and  also  in  Queens  county ;  has  traveled  extensively, 
and  ten  years  ago  spent  ten   months  in  making  a  tour  of  the 
world ;  took  the  initiative  and  active  part  in  the   organization 
of  the   Flatbush   Trust   company;  is  a  director  in  the  Nassau 
bank  of  New  York,  trustee  in  the  East  River  Savings  Institu 
tion,  member  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Manu 
facturers'   Association   of  New   York,   the     Brooklyn     League. 
Union  League,  Hamilton  and  Drug  and  Chemical  Clubs.  In  1905 
was  nominated  by  -the  republican  party  for  comptroller  on  the 
ticket  with  Charles  E.  Hughes,  and  when  Mr.  Hughes  found  it 
impossible  to  accept  the  mayoralty  nomination  it  was  tendered 
to  Mr.  Young,  but  owing  to  impaired  health  at  that  time  he  was 
compelled  to  decline ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress ;  and 
resides  in  Fjatbush,  N.  Y. 

285.  Calder,  William  M.,  United   States   congressman   from 
the  sixth  district  of  New  York,    was    born    March  3,    1869,    in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.    He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and  at  the  Cooper  institute  of  New  York  City. 
He  is  a  builder,  having-  erected  nearly  one  thousand  houses  in 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  499 

the  borough  of  Brooklyn.  He  was  building  commissioner  of 
the  borough  of  Brooklyn  in  1902-03.  He  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  sixtieth  district  of  New  York  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

286.  Fitzgerald,    John   Joseph,    United    States    congressman 
from   the   seventh   district   of  New  York,  was  born  March   10, 
1872,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  schools  cf  the  city ;  entered  Manhattan  college   of  New 
York  city;  and  graduated   therefrom,  receiving  the   degrees  of 
bachelor  and  master  of  arts.     He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
democratic  convention  of  Kansas  City  in  1900.    He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth   congresses.     He  was   re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress   from  the   seventh  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

287.  Riordan,    Daniel   J.,    United    States   congressman    from 
the  eighth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  Hester  St.,  New 
York  City,  in  the  eighth  congressional  district  in  1870,  and  has 
lived   all  his  life  within   the   district.    He   attended  the   public 
schools  of  the  district  until  1886,  when  he  entered  Manhattan  col 
lege,  and  was  graduated  in  1890,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He 
then  became  a  partner  in  the  real  estate  business  conducted  by 
his  father.    In  1902  he  was  elected  to  the  State  senate,  and  was 
appointed   by   Lieutentnt-Governor   Higgins    a    member   of  the 
committee  on   insurance  and  military  affairs.    He  was  renomi- 
nated  for  State  senator  in  1904  and  on  his  election  was  appointed 
by  Lieutenant-Governor  Bruce  a  member  of  the  committees  on 
insurance,  forest,  fish  and  game,  and  military  affairs.    In  the  lat 
ter  part  of  1905  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  special  in 
surance   investigating  committee.     Mr.   Riordan   was   elected   a 
member  of  the  fifty-sixth  congress,  to  serve  out  the  unexpired 
term  of  Timothy  D.  Sullivan,  resigned,  in  the  fifty-ninth  con 
gress,  and  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress,  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

288.  Goldfogle,  Henry  M.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the    ninth    district    of    New    York,    was    born    in    New    York 
city.     In  1887-1900  he  was  justice  of  the  fifth  district  court  of 
New  York.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth   congresses  from  New  York  as  a  dem 
ocrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
ninth  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  New  York  city. 

1    289.     Sulzer,  William,  United  States  congressman  from  the 


500  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  March  18,  1863,  in  Eliza 
beth,  N.  J.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1884,  and  is  a  well-known  lawyer 
of  New  York  city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1889- 
94;  in  1892  he  was  the  leader  of  the  majority  of  the  assembly, 
and  in  1893  he  was  speaker  of  the  assembly.  In  1894  he  was  the 
leader  of  the  minority  of  the  assembly.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  tenth  district  of  New 
York  for  the  term  of  1909-11  •  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

290.  Fornes,   Charles   Vincent,   United    States    congressman 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  New  York,  was  born,  1848,  in  Erie 
county,  N.  Y. ;  graduated  from  Union  academy,  Lockport,  N.  Y.. 
and  was  principal  of  a  Buffalo  public  school  for  three  years ; 
he  then  became  bookkeeper  and  cashier  of  a  wholesale  woolen 
house  in  Buffalo,  and  in  1877  formed  the  firm  of  C.  V.  Fornes 
and  Co.,  importers  and  jobbers  of  woolens,  New  York  city.    For 
two  terms,  from  January,  1902,  to  January,  1906,  Mr.  Fornes  was 
president  of  the  board  of  aldermen  of  New  York  city.     Since 
1889  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  Immigrants'  Industrial  Savings 
bank ;  since  1890  trustee  of  the  New  York  Catholic  Protectory, 
and  since  1903  vice-president  of  the  Columbian  National  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Boston ;  was  president  of  the  Catholic 
Club  from  1889  to  1894,  and  an  incorporator  of  the  City  Trust 
Company  of  New  York;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth   congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as   a   democrat ;  and 
resides  in  New  York  city. 

291.  Conry,  Michael  F.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
twelfth   district  of  New  York,  was  born  at   Shenandoah,   Pa.. 
April  2,  1870 ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town.     Taught  school  for  seven  years ;  attended  the  University 
of  Michigan  and  graduated  from  that  institution  in  1896,  receiv 
ing  the  degree  of  LL.  B. ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  is  married 
and  has  three  children ;  served  two  years  as  assistant  corpora 
tion  counsel  of  the  city  of  New  York ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

292.  Parsons,    Herbert,    United    States     congressman    from 
the  thirteenth  district  of  New  York  city,  was  born  Oct.  28,  1869. 
He  was  educated  at  private  schools  at  New  York,  at  St.  Paul's 
school,  Concord,  N.  H.,  at  Yale  university,  at  the  university  of 
Berlin,  and  at  the  Harvard  law  school ;  and  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1890.     He  was  twice  elected  alderman  of  the  city  of  New 
Yerk-     Per  several  years  he  was  a  member  ®f  tfce  ITew  York 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  501 

national  guard,  as  private,  non-commissioned  officer,  and  com 
missioned  officer.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  thirteenth  district  of  New  York  city  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

293.  Willett,  William,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
fourteenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  27,  1869;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Brooklyn 
and   in  the  University  of   the   city   of  New   York,   graduating 
from  the  university  with  the  degree  of  LL.   B.  in   1896,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  constantly  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law ;  is   married ;  was   elected  to  the  sixty-first   congress  as  a 
democrat  and  resides  in  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 

294.  Olcott,   Jacob   Van   Vechten,    United    States    congress 
man  from  the  fifteenth  district  of  New  York ;  was  born  May  17. 
1856,  in  New  York  city.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools, 
college   of  the  city  of   New   York,   and   Columbia   college  law 
school.  He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  civil  service  commis 
sioners  in  New  York  city  in   1895-97.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congress  from  New  York.     He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fifteenth  district 
of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-1911 ;  and  resides  in  New 
York  city. 

295.  Harrison,  Francis  Burton,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  sixteenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born   Dec.   18. 
1873,  in  the  city  of  New  York;  graduated  A.  B.  from  Yale,  1895, 
and  LL.  B.  from  New  York  Law  School,  1897 ;  was  instructor 
at   New    York    law    school,    1897-1899 ;    during    the    war    with 
Spain  was  a  private,  Troop  A.  New  York  volunteer  cavalry, 
and  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general,  United  States  vol 
unteers  ;  is  a  lawyer    is  married ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-eighth 
congress  from  the  thirteenth   New  York  district;  was   Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  of  New  York,  1904 ;  was 
elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

296.  Bennet,  William  S.,  United  States   congressman   from 
the  seventeenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Nov.  9,  1870. 
in  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his    native    state ;  and    graduated    from    Jarvis    academy    and 
from  the  Albany  law  school.     In  1892  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  and  was  official  reporter  of  the  board  of  supervisors  of 
Orange  county,  N.  Y.    In  1901-02  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  state  assembly.     In  1903  he  was  justice  of  the  municipal 
court  in  New  York  city.     In  1905-11  he  was  a  representative 


502  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

from  New  York  to  the  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  con 
gresses  as  a  republican,  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

297.  Goulden,  Joseph   A.,  United   States   congressman   from 
the  eighteenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania. 
In  1864-65  he  served  in  the  navy  during  the  civil  war.     He  is 
manager  of  a  life  insurance  company  of  New  York  city.     For 
ten  years  he  was  commissioner  and  trustee  of  the  public  schools 
of  New  York  city.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  New  York  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighteenth 
district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-1911 ;  and  resides  in 
Fordham,  N.  Y. 

298.  Andrus,  John  Emory,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  nineteenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Feb.  16,  1841, 
at   Pleasantville.      He   was   fitted    for   college   at    Charlotteville 
seminary  of  Schoharie  county,  N.  Y. ;  and  graduated  from  Wes- 
leyan   university   of   Middletown,   Conn.     He   taught   school   in 
New   Jersey    for   four   years;   engaged    in   the    manufacture    of 
medicinal  preparations  and  is  president  of  the  New  York  phar 
maceutical  association  and  of  the  Palisade  Manufacturing  com 
pany.    He  was  elected  mayor  of  Yonkers  in  1903.   He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the    sixty-first    congress    from    the    nineteenth    district    of   New 
York  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides   in  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

299.  Bradley,  Thomas  W.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twentieth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  April  6,  1844.    He 
entered  the  union  army  as  a  private   soldier ;   passed  through 
all  intermediate  grades ;  and  became  a  captain  in  the  one  hun 
dred  and  twenty-fourth  New  York  volunteers.    He  was  awarded 
the  congressoinal  medal  of  honor  for  gallantry  at  Chancellors- 
ville ;  and  was  brevetted  major  of  United  States  volunteers  for 
meritorious  service  during  the  campaign  terminating  at  Appo- 
mattox.    In  1876  he  was  a  representative  in  the  New  York  state 
legislature.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth ;   fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  from  New  York  as  a  republican.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twentieth  dis 
trict  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Wai- 
don,  N.  Y. 

300.  Fish,   Hamilton,   United   States   congressman    from   the 
twenty-first  district  of  New  York,  was  born  April  17,  1849,  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.     He  was  educated  in  private  schools  in  Putnam 
county  and  in  Switzerland.     In  1868  he  graduated  from  Colum 
bia  college;  and  in  1873  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law.  In 
1869-71  he  was  private  secretary  to  his  father,  who  was  secretary 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  503 

of  state  of  the  United  States  under  President  Grant's  adminis 
tration.  He  served  eleven  years  in  the  assembly  of  the  state 
of  New  York ;  and  in  1895  and  1896  was  speaker.  Inl903-08  he 
was  assistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  New  York  city. 
During  1909-11  he  was  a  representative  from  New  York  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Garrison,  N. 
Y.  ' 

301.  Draper,  William  H.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twenty-second  district  of  New  York,  was  born  June  24,  1841, 
in  Worcester  county,  Mass.     He   moved  to  Troy  in  1847   and 
has  resided  there  ever  since;  attended  the  public  schools  until 
1856  and  then  entered  upon  a  mercantile  career.    He  is  now  en 
gaged  in  manufacturing  cordage  and  twine  under  the  firm  name 
of  William  H.  Draper  and  Son.     For  four  years  he  served  as 
trustee  of  the  village  of  Lansingburg;  and  in  1896-1900  was  corn- 
commissioner  of  jurors  for  Rensselaer  county.     He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  New  York  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twenty-second  district  of  New 
York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

302.  Southwick,  George  N.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twenty-third  district  of  New  York,  was  born  March  7,  1863. 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.     He  was  made  editor  of  the  Albany  Evening 
Journal  in  1889.    He  was  a  member  from  New  York  to  the  fifty- 
fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twenty-third  district  of  New 
York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

303.  Fairchild,  George  Winthrop,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twenty-fourth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  One- 
onta,  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  May  6,  1854,  the  son  of  the  late 
Jesse    Fairchild,   who    came    from    Connecticut,   being   a   direct 
descendant  of  Thomas  Ftairchild,  who  settled  in  Stratford,  Conn., 
in  1639 ;  his  mother  is  a  granddaughter  of  Thomas  Morenus,  a 
revolutionary  soldier,  and  daughter  of  Jeremiah  Morenus,  a  vet 
eran  of  the  war  of  1812 ;  is  married.    Was  elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republi 
can  ;  and  resides  in  Oneonta,  N.  Y. 

304.  Durey,  Cyrus,    United    States    congressman    from    the 
twenty-fifth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  Caroga,  Fulton 
county,  N.  Y.,  May  16,  1864;  educated  in  common  schools  and 
Johnstown  academy;  is  president  and  acting  manager  of  Car 
oga  lumber  company,  engaged  in  lumbering;  has  been  super 
visor's  clerk,  supervisor,  postmaster  at  Johnstown  in  1898-1906; 


504  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  was  a  member  of  the  republican  state  committee  in  1904- 
1906;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  and  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  for  term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  John 
stown,  N.  Y. 

305.  Malby,  George  R.,  was  born  at  Canton,  St.  Lawrence 
county,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  16,  1857;  educated  in  Canton  Union  school 
and  St.  Lawrence  university,  from  which  he  received  the  degree 
of  M.  S. ;  is  an  attorney  and  counselor  at  law,  doing  business 
under  the  firm  name  of  Malby  &  Lucey ;  was  elected  to  the  New 
York  state  assembly  in  1890  and  served  in  that  body  continu 
ously  for  five  years;  was  elected  leader  of  his  party  in  1893  in 
that  body,  and  speaker  in  1894;  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
state  senate  in  1895  and  served  continuously  in  that  body  until 
Jan.  1907,  being  a  member  of  committees  on  military  affairs, 
insurance,  miscellaneous  corporations,  chairman  of  codes,  and 
for  eleven  years  member  of  the  finance  committee,  and  the  last 
four  years  its  chairman ;  married  in  1883 ;  was  elected  to  the 
sixtieth  congress  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican  and  resides  in  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

30§.  Millington,  Charles  S.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twenty-seventh  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  the  town 
of  Norway,  Herkimer  county,  N.  Y.,  March  13,  1855,  the  son  of 
Dr.  Stephen  R.  and  Harty  (Lambertson)  Millington.  He  was 
educated  in  the  district  schools  of  Poland,  the  Fairfield  academy, 
and  at  Hungefford  Collegiate  Institute,  and  at  the  age  of  17  en 
tered  the  employ  of  the  Hungerford  National  Bank,  at  Adams, 
N.  Y. ;  he  later  organized  and  became  the  cashier  of  the  Bank  of 
Poland,  which,  in  1880,  he  organized  into  a  national  bank ;  he 
continued  as  its  cashier  until  1894,  when  he  moved  to  Herkimer 
as  vice-president  of  Herkimer  Bank,  of  which  he  was  made 
president  in  1895,  and  which  became  a  national  bank  in  1898. 
Mr.  Millington  is  also  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Dolgeville,  vice-president  of  the  Mohawk  valley  real  estate  com 
pany,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Herkimer  free  library.  On  March 
<5,  1878,  he  married  Allie  T.,  daughter  of  John  Robert  Webster, 
of  Poland ;  Mrs.  Millington  died  Feb.  13,  1902.  Their  children 
are  Maud  (Mrs.  Edwin  Caswell  Pelton),  Harty,  and  Ada  Mil 
lington.  H3e  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress,  as  a  repub 
lican  ;  and  resides  in  Herkimer,  N.  Y. 

307.  Knapp,  Charles  Luman,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twenty-eighth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  July 
4,  1847,  in  Harrisburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  Lowville 
academy  and'  Rutgers  college.  In  1885  was  elected  to  the  state 
senate.  In  1889-93  he  was  consul-general  to  Montreal.  He  was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  505 

a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  six 
tieth  congresses  from  New  York  as  a  republican.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twenty-eighth  dis 
trict  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Low- 
ville,  N.  Y. 

308.  Driscoll,  Michael  Edward,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twenty-ninth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Feb.  9, 
1851,  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.     Since  1879  he  has  been  actively  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  city;  and  has  gained 
prominence  in  conducting  negligent  actions  against  large  corpor 
ations  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  New 
York  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  twenty-ninth  district  of  New  York  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

309.  Dwight,  John  Wilbur,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirteenth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  May  24,  1859,  in 
Dryden,  N.  Y.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fi'foy-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  New  York  as  a 
republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  thirtieth  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Dryden,  N.  Y. 

310.  Payne,  Sereno  Elisha,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirty-first  district  of  New  York,  was  born  June  26,  1843,  in 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.    In  1868-71  he  was  city  clerk  of  Auburn,  N.  Y. : 
supervisor  in  1871-72 ;  district  attorney  of  his  county  in  1873-79 ; 
and  in  1879-82  was  president  of  the  board  of  education.    He  was 
a  member  of  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  fifty-first,  fifty-sec 
ond,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh. 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  thirty-first 
district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Auburn,  N.  Y. 

311.  Perkins,  James  Breck,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirty-second  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1847, 
in  St.  Croix  Falls,  Wis.     He  is  a  lawyer  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  assembly  in  1878 
H|e  is  author  of  France  Under  Mazzarin ;  France  Under  the 
Regency;  France  Under  Louis  XV;  Life  of  Richelieu,  in  the 
Heroes  of  the  Nations  series.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and    sixtieth    congresses    from 
New  York.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  thirty-second  district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


506  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

312.  Fassett,  Jacob   Sloat,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirty-third  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1853, 
in  Elmira,  N.Y.     In  1875  he  duly  graduated  from  the  Rochester 
university;  and  in  1878  was  commissioned  district  attorney  for 
the  county  of  Chemung;  and  subsequently  studied  abroad.  Dur 
ing  1884-92  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  state  senate : 
and  for  three  years  was  temporary  president  of  the  senate.     In 
1888  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention ; 
and  in  1891  was  nominated  by  the  republicans  for  governor  of 
New  York.    In  1892  he  was  temporary  president  of  the  national 
republican    committee.      He    controls    the    management    of    the 
Second  national  bank  of  New  York.   He  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  thirty-third  district  of  New  York  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

313.  Simmons,  James   S.,   United   States   congressman   from 
the  thirty-fourth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  Frederick 
county,  Md.,  Nov.  25,  1861 ; ;  was  educated  at  Liberty  academy 
and   Frederick   college;    has    been    engaged    in    the    real    estate 
business   during  all   of  his  business   life ;   in   1909  was   elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Niag 
ara  Falls,  N.Y. 

314.  Driscoll,   Daniel   A.,  United   States   congressman   from 
the  thirty-fifth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  March  6,  1875 ;  received  his  early  education  at 
the  public  schools  and  upon  leaving  the  central  high  school  be 
came  engaged  in  the  undertaking  business  of  his  father,  Tim 
othy   Driscoll ;   is   also   engaged   in   other  business   enterprises, 
never  held  public  office  prior  to  his  election  to  congress ;  was 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  in  1909  as  a  democrat ;  and 
resides  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

315.  Alexander,  De  Alva  Stanwood,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  thirty-sixth  district  of  New  York,  was  born  July 
17,  1846,  in  Richmond,  Maine.     At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  entered 
the  army,  serving  three  years,  and  until  the  close  of  the  war,  as 
a  private  soldier.     In  1881  was  appointed  fifth  auditor  of  the 
treasury  department,  and  during  his  residence  in  Washington 
was  elected  and  served  one  term  as  commander  of  the  depart 
ment  of  the  Potomac,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.     In  1889- 
93  he  was  United  States  attorney  for  the  northern  district  of 
New  York,  holding  the  office  until  Dec.  1893.    He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth   congresses  from  the  thirty-sixth   district  of  New 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  507 

York  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

316.  Vreeland,  Edward  Butterfield,  United  States  congress 
man  from  the  thirty-seventh  district  of  New  York  in   1857   in 
Cuba,  N.  Y.     In  1877-82  he  was  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Salamanca.     Since  1891  he  has  been  president  of  the  salamanca 
trust  company.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  New  York 
as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  thirty-seventh   district  of  New  York  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Salamanca,  N.  Y. 

317.  Simmons,   Furnifold   McLendel,   United   States   senator 
from  North  Carolina,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1854,  in  Jones  county,  S. 
C.    In  1876  he  moved  to  New  Berne,  N.  C,  where  he  has  since 
resided  and  practiced  law.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fiftieth  con 
gress  as  a  democrat.     He  is  chairman  of  the   North   Carolina 
democratic  state  committee  for  the  term  of  1904-08*     He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in  1901  and  his  term  will 
expire  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

318.  Overman,  Lee  Slater,  United  States  senator  from  North 
Carolina,  was  born  January  3,  1854,  in  Salisbury,  Rowan  county ; 
graduated  at  Trinity  college,  North   Carolina,  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B.,  June,  1874;  the  degree  of  M.  A.  was  conferred  upon 
him  two  years  later ;  taught  school  two  years ;  was  private  sec 
retary  to  Governor  Z.  B.  Vance  in  1877-78,  and  private  secretary 
to  Governor  Thomas  J.  Jarvis  in   1879 ;  began   the  practice  of 
law  in  his  native  town  in  1880 ;  has  had  a  leading  practice ;  was 
five  times  a  member  of  the  legislature,  sessions  of  1883,  1885, 
1887,   1893,  and   1899 ;  was   the   choice  of  a   democratic  caucus 
for  speaker  in   1887,  and  was  defeated  by  one  vote  through  a 
combination  of  independents   and   republicans ;  was  the   unani 
mous  choice  of  his  party  and  elected  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives,  session  of  1893 ;  was  president  of  the  North  Caro 
lina  Railroad  Company  in  1894 ;  was  the  choice  of  the  demo 
cratic  caucus  for  United  States  senator  in  1895,  and  defeated  in 
open   session  by   Hon.  Jeter  C.   Pritchard   through   a   combina 
tion  of  republicans  and  populists ;  was  president  of  the  demo 
cratic  state  convention  in  1900 ;  has  been  for  ten  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  state  university ;  is  also  trus 
tee  of  Trinity  college ;  was  chosen  presidential   elector  for  the 
state  at  large  in  1900 ;  married  Mary  P.,  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Unitd  States  senator,  afterwards  chief  justice,  A.  S.  Merrimon, 
Oct.  31,  1878;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  to  sue- 


508  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

ceed  Hon.  Jeter  C.  Pritchard,  republican,  for  the  term  begin 
ning  March  4,  1903,  and  re-elected  in  1909.  His  term  of  service 
will  expire  March  3,  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Salisbury,  N.  C. 

319.  Small,  John  Humphrey,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  Aug.  29,  1858,  in 
Washington,  N.  C.     In  1883-86  he  was  proprietor  and  editor  of 
the  Washington  Gazette;  and  was  one  year  mayor  of  Wash 
ington,  N.  C.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  North  Caro 
lina  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Washington,  N.  C. 

320.  Kitchin,  Claude,  United  States  congressman  from   the 
second  district  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  March  24,  1869,  in 
Scotland  Neck,  N.  C.     He  is  a  lawyer  of  his  native  city.     He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-seventh  and  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  North  Carolina  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the   sixty-first  congress   from  the   second   district  of  North 
Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Scotland  Neck, 
N.  C. 

321.  Thomas,  Charles  Randolph,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  third  district  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  Aug.  21, 
1861,  in  Beaufort,  N.  C.     He  was  educated  at  the  New  Bern 
academy,   and   the   university   of   North    Carolina.     He   was   a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  North  Carolina 
legislature  in  1887 ;  served  six  years  as  attorney  for  the  county  of 
Craven  in  1890-1896;  and  was  elected  in  1896  democratic  presi 
dential  elector.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  North  Caro 
lina  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  third  district  of  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  New  Bern,  N.  C. 

322.  Pou,  Edward  William,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  Sept.  9,  1863,  in 
Tuskegee,  Ala.    He  practiced  law  in  Smithfield,  N.  C. ;  and  was 
solicitor  in  1890-1900.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  North  Carolina 
as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  fourth  district  of  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Smithfield,  N.  C. 

323.  Morehead,   John   Motley,   United    States    congressman, 
from  the  fifth  district  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  July  20,  1866, 
at  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  county,  N.  C,  the  son  of  Col.  John 
Lindsay  Morehead   and   Sarah   Phifer;  grandson  of  Governor 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  509 

John  Motley  'Morehead,  who  was  twice  elected  as  Whig  govern 
or  of  North  Carolina,  in  1840-1844.  Mr.  Morehead  was  educated 
in  the  primary  schools  of  Charlotte  and  in  the  Bingham  Military 
school  of  North  Carolina;  graduated  from  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1886  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  afterwards  com 
pleting  a  business  course  in  Bryant  and  Strattcn  College,  Balti 
more  ;  was  collecting  teller  of  the  Charlotte  National  Bank  of 
Charlotte,  N.  C. ;  buyer  and  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco  at  Durham, 
N.  C. ;  general  manager  in  closing  up  the  manufacturing  and 
milling  interest  of  J.  Turner  Morehead  company,  at  Spray ;  part 
owner,  with  general  management  of  the  Phifer  farm,  in  Cabarrus 
county,  N.  C.,  inherited  from  his  maternal  grandfather;  vice- 
president  of  Leaksville  Woolen  Mills,  at  Spray,  N.  C. ;  at  pres 
ent  interested  in  manufacturing  and  farming ;  was  elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  in  1909  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in 
Spray,  N.  C. 

324.  Godwin,  Hannibal  Lafayette,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  sixth   district  of  North   Carolina,  was  born  Nov.   3, 
1873,  in  Harnett  county,  N.  C.    He  was  educated  at  Trinity  col 
lege  of  Durham,  N.  C. ;  and  graduated  from  the  university  of 
North   Carolina.     He  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of 
law.     He  has  been  mayor  of  Dunn,  N.  C. ;  a  member  of  the 
North  Carolina  state  senate  and  presidential  elector.     He  was 
elected  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  from  the  sixth 
district  of  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and1  resides 
in  Dunn,  N.  C. 

325.  Page,  Robert  Newton,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  seventh  district  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  at  Cary,  Wake 
county,  N.  C.,  Oct.  26,  1859 ;  educated  at  Cary  high  school  and 
Bingham  Military  school ;  moved  to  Moore  county  in  1880,  and 
was  for  twenty  years  actively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
lumber;  was  treasurer  of  the  Asheboro  and  Aberdeen  Railroad 
Company  from  1890  to  1902 ;  moved  to  Montgomery  county  in 
1897 ;  elected  from  that  county  to  the  legislature  of  1901 ;  mar 
ried  in   1888  to  Miss  Flora  Shaw,  of  Moore  county,  and  has 
four  children ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth,  and 
sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as 
a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Biscoe,  N.  C. 

326.  Cowles,  Charles   H.,  United   States  congressman  from 
the  eight  district  of  North  Carolina,  son  of  Calvin  J.  Cowles. 
was  born  July  16,  1875,  in  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  and  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Wilkesboro  in  Dec.  1885 ;  has  a  common  school  edu 
cation  and  took  a  course  at  a  commercial  college;  was  alderman 
for  Wilkesboro  in  1897 ;  deputy  clerk  of  the  United  States  courts 


510  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

at  Statesville  and  Charlotte  from  1899  to  1901 ;  private  secretary 
to  Representative  Blackburn  from  1901  to  1903 ;  elected  to  the 
lower  house  of  the  North  Carolina  general  assembly  from  Wilkes 
county  in  1904  and  re-elected  in  1906 ;  served  as  chairman  of  the 
republican  executive  committee  for  the  eighth  district  from  1904 
to  1908 ;  is  a  member  of  the  state  executive  committee  for  the 
eighth  district  from,  1904  to  1908 ;  is  a  member  of  the  state  ex 
ecutive  committee  for  the  eighth  district  from  1904  to  1908 ;  is 
a  member  of  the  state  executive  committee  for  the  eighth  dis 
trict  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention  at 
Chicago  in  1904  and  again  in  1908 ;  is  unmarried ;  is  a  member 
of  the  Episcopal  church ;  in  1906  established  the  Wilkes  Pa 
triot,  a  weekly  republican  newspaper ;  for  many  years  has  been 
actively  engaged  in  real  estate  and  also  in  looking  after  his 
father's  estate ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  in  1909 
as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Wilkesboro,  N.  C. 

327.  Webb,  Edwin  Yates,  United  States  congressman  from 
North   Carolina,  was  born  aMy  23,  1872,  in  Shelby,  N.   C.     In 
1893  he  graduated  from  Wake  Forest  college ;  and  then  studied 
law  in  the  university  of  North  Carolina.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  North 
Carolina  as  a  democrat.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  ninth  district  of  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Shelby,  N.  C. 

328.  Grant,  John  Gaston,  United   States  congressman  from 
the  tenth  district  of  North   Carolina,  was  born  Jan.  1,  1858,  in 
Hendersonville,   N.   C.     In   1888   he   was   elected   to  the   North 
Carolina  state  legislature ;  and  in  1892-96  was  elected  sheriff  of 
his  native   county.      In   1909-11   he   was   a   representative   from 
North    Carolina    to    the    sixty-first    congress    as    a    republican ; 
and  resides  in  Hendersonville,  N.  C. 

329.  McCumber,  Porter  James,  United   States   senator   from 
North  Dakota,  was  born  Feb.  3,  1856,  in  Crete,  111.     Since  1880 
he  has  practiced  law  in  North  Dakota.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
territorial  legislature  in  1885  and  1887 ;  and  state's  attorney  of 
Richland   county.      Since   1899   he   has   been    a   member   of  the 
United  States  senate  and  his  present  term  ending  in  1911 ;  and 
resides  in  Wahpeton,  N.  D. 

330.  Johnson,  Martin  N.,  United  States  senator  from  North 
Dakota,  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  the  year  1850,  and  moved  to 
Iowa  the  same  year;  graduated  at  the  Iowa  State  University  in 
1873 ;  taught  two  years  in  the  California  Military  Academy  at 
Oakland ;   studied   law,   and   was   admitted   to  the  bar  in   187(-' ; 
seved  a  term  in  each  branch  of  the  Iowa  legislature  and  was  a 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  511 

Hayes  elector  for  the  Dubuque  district  in  the  electoral  college 
of  1876 ;  moved  to  Dakota  in  1882  ,and  took  up  Government  land, 
on  which  he  still  resides;  was  elected  district  attorney  in  18 "<i 
and  re-elected  in  1888 ;  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  con 
vention  of  North  Dakota  in  1889  and  chairman  of  the  first  re 
publican  state  convention  the  same  year;  served  on  the  ways 
and  means  committee  in  the  fifty-fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses 
while  Mr.  Dingley  was  chairman ;  received  42  out  of  a  total  of 
80  votes  in  the  republican  legisative  caucus  in  November,  1<S89. 
for  United  States  senator,  but  was  beaten  in  the  joint  coiiv'^n- 
tion  by  a  coalition  of  democrats  with  the  minority  of  the  rent-b 
lican  caucus;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty- 
fourth,  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican.  In  1899  he 
voluntarily  retired  from  congress  to  run  for  United  States  sen 
ator,  but  was  again  defeated  in  the  legislature.  For  the  next 
eight  years  he  took  no  part  in  politics,  giving  his  entire  time 
to  farming  and  the  grain  trade.  When  in  1907  a  comprehensive 
primary  law  was  passed  in  North  Dakota,  he  again  became  a 
candidate  for  United  States  senator;  and  he  resides  in  Peters 
burg,  N.  D. 

331.  Gronna,   Asle   J.,   United   States   congressman   at   large 
from  North  Dakota,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1858,  in  Elkader,  Iowa.  He 
taught    school    for    two    years    at    Wilmington,     Minn.        He 
removed   to   South    Dakota   in   1879   where   he   was   engaged   in 
farming  and  teaching.     He  is  a  merchant  and  banker;  and  also 
extensively   engaged    in   farming.      He   was    a    member   of   the 
territorial  legislature  of  1889.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  North  Dakota  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Lakota,  N.  D. 

332.  Hanna,    Louis    Benjamin,    United    States    congressman 
from  North  Dakota,  was  born  Aug.  9,  1861,  near  Brighton,  Pa 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Pittsfield, 
Mass. ;  and  in  New  York  city.     He  is  vice-president  of  the  First 
National   bank   of   F,argo,   N.   D. ;   and    prominently    connected 
with   the  business   and  public  affairs   of  that   city.     For   seven 
years   he  was   postmaster  of  Page,  N.   D.     In   1900-03   he  was 
chairman  of  the  county  committee  of  Cass  county,  N.  D. ;  and 
since  1902  has  been  chairman  of  the  North  Dakota  republican 
state   committee.      In   1895-97   he   was   a   representative    in   the 
North  Dakota  state  legislature ;  is  a  thirdy-three  degree  Mason 
and  has  filled  numerous  positions  of  trust  and  honor.     In  1897- 
1901  he  was  a  member  of  the  North  Dakota  state  senate ;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  North  Dakota  state  senate  for  Cass  county 


512  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

for  the  term  of  1905-09.  In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative 
from  North  Dakota  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican; 
and  resides  in  Fargo,  N.  D. 

333.  Dick,  Charles,  United   States   senator  from   Ohio,  was 
born  Nov.  3,  1858,  in  Akron,  Ohio.     He  has  been  a  bank  teller 
and  grain  commission  merchant;  and  in  1894  was  admitted  to 
the  Ohio  bar.     During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  served  in 
the  eighth  regiment  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  in  Cuba;  and  is 
now  major-general  commanding  the  Ohio  national  guard.     He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  conventions  in  1892 
and  1896;  and  delegate-at-large  in  1900  and  1904.     He  is  chair 
man   of  the  Ohio   republican  state  committee;  and  since   1892 
he  has  served  almost  continuously  in  that  service.     He  served 
two   terms   as   auditor   of   Summit   county,   Ohio.     He   was   a 
member    of   the    fifty-fifth,    fifty-sixth,    fifty-seventh    and    fifty- 
eighth  congresses  from  the  nineteenth  district  of  Ohio  as  a  re 
publican.     In  1904  he  was  elected  United  States  senator  from 
Ohio  for  the  long  and  short  terms  to  succeed  the  late  Hon 
Marcus  A.  Hanna,  receiving  the  unanimous  party  vote.     His 
present    termi   of   service    will    expire    in    1911 ;   he    resides    in 
Akron,  Ohio. 

334.  Burton,  Theodore  E.,  United  States  senator  from  Ohio, 
was  born  Dec.  20,  1851,  in  Jefferson,  Ohio.     He     began     the 
practice   of   law   at   Cleveland   in   1875.     He   is    the   author  of 
Financial   Crisis  and  Depressions ;  and  Life  of  John   Sherman. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-first  congress,  but  was  defeated 
for  re-election  in  1890 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He  is  now  a  member  of 
the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1909-15 ;  and  resides 
in  Cleveland,  O'hio. 

335.  Longworth,  Nicholas,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first    district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1869,  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.     In  1891  he  graduated  from  Harvard  university  with  the 
degree  of  A.  B. ;  studied  one  year  at  Harvard  law  school ;  and 
in  1894  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  law  school.     In  1898  he 
was   a   member  of  the   school  board  of  Cincinnati,   Ohio.     In 
1899  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  legislature ;  and  in  1901 
became  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate.     He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from 
Ohio  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of  1909-11; 
and  resides  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

336.  Goebcl,   Herman   Philip,    United    States 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  513 

from  the  second  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  April  5,  1853,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In  1872  he  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati 
law  college.  In  1875  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state 
legislature;  and  in  1884-90  was  probate  judge  for  Ham 
ilton  county,  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Ohio  as  a  republican.  He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second 
district  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio. 

337.  Cox,  James  M.,  United   States   congressman   from  the 
third  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  March  31,  1870,  in  Jackson- 
burg.   Butler  county,  Ohio.     He  attended  the  country  schools 
of  his  native  state ;  and  graduated  from  the  high  school  of  his 
native  town.       In  his  early  youth  he  was  a  newsboy;  learned 
Wie  printer's  trade ;  and    became  a   succesful    journalist.     For 
many   years   he   was   a    newspaper    reporter;    became   a   well 
known   newspaper   publisher  of  Dayton,   Ohio ;   and   has   filled 
numerous  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in  his  city,  county  and 
state.     In   1909-11   he  was   a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  served  on  several  im 
portant  committees ;  and  resides  in  Dayton,  Ohio, 

338.  Tou   Velle,   William   E.,     United    States    congressman 
from   the   fourth   district  of  Ohio,   was   born   in    Celina,   Ohio, 
Nov.,  23,  1861 ;  educated  in  the  public  schools,  graduating  from 
the  Celina  High  School  in  1879,  and  from  the  Cincinnati  law 
school   in   1889 ;   is   engaged   in   the   practice   of  law ;  was   ap 
pointed  postmaster  at   Celina  in   1885,  but  resigned    to    enter 
law  school;  was  married  to  Elizabeth  S.  Day;  was  elected  to 
the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Celina,  Ohio. 

339.  Ansberry,   Timothy   Thomas,   United    States    congress 
man  from  the  fifth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Dec.  24,  1871,  in 
Defiance,  Ohio.     In  1893  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL. 
B.  from  the  university  of  Notre  Dame ;  and  the  same  year  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.     For  two  years  he  was  a  justice  of  the 
peace  at  Defiance,  Ohio;  and  for  three  terms  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Defiance   county.     In   1907-9   he  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Defiance  county.     In  1907-11  he  was  a  representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a 
democrat ;  and  resides  in  Defiance,  Ohio. 

340.  Denver,   Matthew    Rombach,    United    States    congress 
man  from  the  sixth  district  of  Ohio,  son  of  the  late  Gen.  James 
W.   Denver,  was   born   Dec.   21,    1870,   at   Wilmington,    Ohio; 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  uni- 


514  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

versity,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.  A.  in  1872;  has  served  on 
state  democratic  central  and  executive  committees ;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  democratic  national  convention  at  Chicago  in  1896; 
was  a  delegate-at-large  from  Ohio  to  the  national  democratic 
convention  at  Denver  in  1908;  is  engaged  in  farming,  manu- 
'facturing,  and  banking;  is  married;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  demo 
crat;  and  resides  in  Wilmington,  Ohio. 

341.  Keifer,  Joseph  Warren,     United     States     congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Jan.  30,  1836,  six 
miles  west  of  Springfield,  Ohio.     He  served  in  the  union  army 
and  became  major-general  of  the  United  States  volunteers.     In 
1868-69  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate;  and 
was  delegate-at-large  from  Ohio  to  the  republican  national  con 
vention.     For  four  terms  during  1877-85  he  was  a  member  of 
congress;   and   was    speaker   of   the   forty-seventh    congress    in 
1881-83.     Since  1873  he  has  been  president  of  the  Lagonda  na 
tional  bank,  of  Springfield,  Ohio.     In  1869-71  he  was  depart 
ment  commander  of  Ohio   Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  and 
Ohio  commander-in-chief  in  1872.     During  the   Spanish-Amer 
ican  war  he  was  major-general  in  command  of  the  first  division 
seventh  corps  volunteer  army.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Ohio  as  a  republican.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first   congress    from    the    seventh 
district  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Spring 
field,  Ohio. 

342.  Cole,  Ralph  D.,  United   States  congressman  from   the 
eigthth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Nov.  30,  1873,  in  Hancock 
county,  Ohio.     In  1896  he  graduated  from  Findlay  college;  and 
in  1898  from  the  Northwestern   Ohio  normal  university.     He 
served  two  years  as  deputy  clerk   of  Hancock  county,   Ohio: 
and  in  1899-1903  was  a  representative  in  the  Ohio  state  legis 
lature.     He   was   elected   to   the   fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   con 
gresses.     He    was    re-elected   to    sixty-first   congress   from    the 
eighth  district  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Findlay,  Ohio. 

343.  Sherwood,  Isaac  R.,  United   States   congressman   from 
the   ninth    district   of   Ohio,    was   born   in    Stanford,    Dutchess 
county,  N.  Y.,   Aug.   13,   1835.     His   father.   Aaron   Sherwood, 
was  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Thomas  Sherwood,  who  sailed  from 
Ipswich,  England,  in  1634,  and  settled  at  Fairfield.  Conn.     His 
mother,  Maria  Yeomans,  was  of  Scottish  descent,  born  in  New 
York  city.     His  grandfathers    Isaac  Sherwood  and  Peter  Yeo 
mans,  and  his  ^reat-grandfather,  Samuel  Sherwood,  were  revo- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  515 

lutionary  soldiers.  General  Sherwood  began  his  education  at 
a  country  school,  and  in  1852  entered  the  Hudson  River  Insti 
tute,  Claverick,  N.  Y.  In  1854  he  entered  Antioch  College, 
Ohio,  (Horace  Mann,  president),  and  in  1856  the  Ohio  Law 
College,  Poland,  Ohio.  In  1857  he  bought  the  Williams  County 
Gozette,  Bryan,  Ohio,  and  was  elected  probate  judge  of  Wil 
liams  county  October  1860.  April  16,  1861,  the  day  following 
Lincoln's  call  for  volunteers,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
fourteenth  Ohio  volunteer  infantry,  Col.  James  B.  Stedman 
commanding.  He  served  in  the  ranks  with  the  advanced  guard 
in  the  West  Virginia  mountains  and  in  the  first  battles  of  the 
war — Phillipi,  Laurel  Mountain,  and  Carricks  Ford.  He  re 
cruited  for  the  one  hundred  and  eleventh  Ohio  volunteer  In 
fantry  and  was  mustered  in  with  his  regiment  at  Toledo  and 
made  adjutant  Sept.  11,  1862.  He  was  promoted  to  major  upon 
recommendation  of  all  the  officers  of  his  regiment  Feb.  14, 
1863.  Feb.  2,  1864,  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  and 
Sept.  8,  1864,  to  colonel.  Owing  to  detail  or  sickness  of  rank 
ing  officers  he  commanded  the  one  hundred  and  eleventh  Ohio 
throughtout  its  entire  field  service,  beginning  with  the  John 
Morgan  campaign  in  Kentucky  in  1863  to  the  muster  out  July, 
1865,  embracing  over  thirty  battles  and  engagements.  In  the 
East  Tennessee  campaign,  at  the  battle  of  Campbells  Station, 
he  lost  the  hearing  of  his  right  ear  from  the  concussion  of  a 
shell.  He  commanded  his  regiment  in  all  the  battles  of  the 
Atlanta  campaign ;  and  after  the  battles  of  Franklin  and  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  upon  recommendation  of  the  officers  of  his  bri 
gade  and  division,  he  was  made  brevet  brigadier-general  by 
President  Lincoln  Feb.  16  for  long  and  faithful  service  and 
conspicuous  gallantry  at  the  battles  of  Resaca,  F,ranklin,  and 
Nashville.  After  the  war  he  located  in  Toledo  and  for  a  year 
was  editor  of  the  Toledo  Commercial ;  later  he  was  editorial 
writer  on  the  Cleveland  Leader.  In  1868  he  was  elected  secre 
tary  of  the  state  of  Ohio  and  re-elected  in  1870,  serving  four 
years.  He  organized  the  bureau  of  statistics  of  Ohio.  In  1872 
he  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress  from  the  sixth  con 
gressional  district  of  Ohio.  In  1875  he  bought  the  Toledo 
Journal  and  edited  it  for  nine  years.  In  1878  he  was  elected 
probate  judge  of  Lucas  county  on  the  national  ticket  as  an  in 
dependent,  and  was  re-elected  in  1881  as  a  democrat  and  inde 
pendent,  serving  six  years.  General  Sherwood  is  a  member 
of  the  G.  A  R.  and  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  of  the  Army  of 
the  Ohio  and  Army  of  the  Cumberland  societies.  He  has  been 
a  continuous  contributor  of  political  and  historic  articles  to 


516  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

newspapers  and  magazines;  his  "Army  Gray  Back"  (illustrated 
poem)  was  published  in  book  form  and  ran  through  three 
editions.  He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  as  an  inde 
pendent-democrat,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Toledo,  Ohio. 

344.  Johnson,    Adna    Romulus,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  tenth   district  of  Ohio,  was   born   in   Sweet   Springs, 
Mo.,  Dec.  14,  1860;  came  to  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  with  his 
widowed  mother  when  less  than  4  years  of  age,  and  lived  on  a 
small   farm   in  Aid  township ;   received   a   common-school   edu 
cation,  and  began  teaching  school  when   17  years  of  age  and 
followed  that  profession  for  seven  years ;  before  he  commenced 
teaching,    and    during   the    summer    months    while    engaged    in 
teaching  was  variously  employed  as  a  common  laborer,  princi 
pally  upon  turnpikes,  railroads,  etc.,  and  also  spent  one  year 
working  at   an   iron  furnace  in  Alabama ;  entered  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in   1885 ;  from   which 
institution  he  was  graduated  with   the  degree   of   B.   L.,  June 
30,  1887;  prior  to  graduation  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of 
law  by  the   supreme   court  of  Ohio,  which   profession  he  has 
closely   followed   ever   since ;   in    1889    was   elected    prosecuting 
attorney   of   Lawrence    county ;   was    elected    to    the    sixty-first 
congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Oak  Ridge,  Ohio. 

345.  Douglas,   Albert,  United   States   congressman   from  the 
eleventh  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  April 
25,   1852;   was   educated   in    the    public    schools   of    Chillicothe. 
a  preparatory  school,  and  Kenyon  college,  graduating  with  the 
class    of    1872 ;    went    to    the    Harvard    law    school,    where    he 
received  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  in  1874;  returning  to  Chillicothe. 
began  the  practice  of  law ;  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of 
the  county  in  1876  on  the  republican  tickekt  when  the  county 
was  very  largely  democratic,  and  re— elected  in  1878 ;  held  no 
other  office  until  he  was  put  upon  the  state  ticket  in  1896  as 
one  of  the  electors  at  large,  and  when  the  electoral  college  met 
was  made  the  chairman  of  that  body ;  in  1905  received  the  hon 
orary    degree    of    LL.    D.    from    the    Ohio    university,    and    the 
same  degree  from  Kenyon  college  in  1906 ;  was  married  in  1880 
to  Lucia   C.   Taylor,  of  Brooklyn,   N.   Y. ; ;  was   elected   to  the 
sixtieth   congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as 
a  republican ;  and   resides   in   Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

346.  Taylor,  Edward  Livingston,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1869.  He 
was   educated   in   the   public   schools   of   Columbus,   Ohio ;   and 
graduated  from  the  high  school.     In  1899-1904  he  was  elected 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  517 

prosecuting  attorney  of  Franklin  county.  He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twelfth  district  of  Ohio  for 
th  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

347.  Anderson,    Carl    Carew,    United      States      congressman 
from  the  thirteenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  at  Bluffton,  Allen 
county,    Ohio,   Dec.    2,    1887 ;   when   a   lad   his   parents    moved 
to  Fremont ;  at  10  years  of  age  he  was  a   newsboy  and  boot 
black;  had  a  partial  high  school  education,  but  early  began  a 
business  career;  at   16  he  had  saved  money  enough  to  buy  a 
home  for  his  mother;  in  1904  moved  to  Fostoria,  and  opened 
a  factory  for  the  manufacture  of  underwear,  of  which  he  is  still 
the  owner  and  manager;  was  married  September,  1904,  to  Miss 
Nellie  Ford,,  of  Fremont,  and  has  one  son,  born  the  day  he  was 
nominated   as   a   candidate   for   congress ;   was   twice    mayor   of 
Fostoria;  is  president  of  the  board   of  trade,  president  of  the 
city  hospital  board,  and  director  in  a  number  of  manufacturing 
enterprises ;  is  a  member  of  the  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Elks, 
Mystic  Shrine,  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias ;  was  elected  to  the 
sixty-first   congress   as   a   democrat;   and   resides    in    Fostoria, 
Ohio. 

348.  Sharp,  William  Graves,     United     States     congressman 
from  the  fourteenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Mount  Gilead, 
O'hio,   March    14,   1859 ;   after   spending  his   childhood   days    in 
that  place,  he  moved  to  Elyria  with  his  grandparents ;  entered 
the  public  schools  of  that  city,  and  later  graduated  from  them; 
at  the  end  of  two  years  entered  the  law  department  of  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1881 ;  in  the 
spring  of  the  same  years  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  state 
of  Ohio,  and  three  years  later  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney 
in  Lorain  county;  after  his  term  of  office  expired  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacturing  business,  becoming  interested  in  a  small 
way   in   the   manufacture   of  wood   by-products ;   the    business 
rapidly  enlarged  and   soon   included  the   manufacture  of   char 
coal  pig  iron,  in  which  business  for  a  number  of  years  he  has 
been  extensively  engaged ;  in  1895  he  married  Miss  Hallie  M. 
Clough,  and  has  five  children ;  was  presidential  elector  on  the 
democratic  ticket  in  1892 ;  nominee  of  that  party  for  congress 
in  1900,  and  delegate  to  the  democratic  national  convention  in 
St.  Louis  in  1904;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a 
democrat;  and  resides  in  Elyria,  Ohio. 

349.  Joyce,  James,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fif 
teenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  July  2,  1870,  in  Cumberland, 
Guernsey  county,  Ohio;  taught  school  and  studied  law;  entered 


518  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  senior  class  of  the  Cincinnati  law  school  in  1891,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  March  3,  1892,  at  Columbus,  was  superin 
tendent  of  schools  two  years,  1893-94  and  1894-95 ;  began  active 
practice  of  the  law  at  Cambridge  in  1895 ;  in  1895  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives,  general  assembly  of 
Ohio;  was  re-elected  in  1897;  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Re 
publican  national  convention  at  Chicago  in  1904 ;  is  unmarried ; 
was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  re 
sides  in  Cambridge,  Ohio. 

350.  Hollingsworth,   David  A.,   United   States   congressman 
from  the  sixteenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Nov.  21,  1844, 
in  Belmont,  Ohio.     After  being  educated  at  Mount  Union  col 
lege,  he  studied  law  and  soon  acquired  prominence  at  the  bar. 
He  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Harrison  county,  Ohio ; 
and  subsequently  became  attorney-general  of  the  state  of  Ohio. 
Fpr  four  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  state  senate.     He 
is  a  noted  writer  on  law  topics ;  and  is  retained  in  many  of  the 
most   important   litigated   cases   in   the   courts   of    the    United 
States.     In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Cadiz,  Ohio. 

351.  Ashbrook,   William   A.,     United     States     congressman 
from  the    seventeenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  July  1,  1867, 
near  Johnston,  Ohio.     Since  1886  he  has  published  the  Inde 
pendent  of  Johnstown,  Ohio.     For  twenty  years  he  has  been 
secretary    of    a    building    and    loan    association ;    and    is    now 
cashier  of  three  banks.    For  three  years  he  was  secretary  of  the 
national  editorial  association  of  the  United  States;  for  several 
years  was  postmaster  of  his  town ;  and  was  elected   a   repre 
sentative  to  the  Ohio  state  legislature.     In  1907-11  he  was  a 
reprtsentative  from  Ohio  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses 
as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Johnstown,  Ohio. 

352.  Kennedy,  James,  United   congressman   from   the   eigh 
teenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1853,  in  Mahoning 
county,  Ohio.     In  1876  he  graduated  from  the  college  of  Penn 
sylvania  ;  and  in  1879  began  the  practice  of  law.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses 
from  Ohio  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  from  the  eighteenth  district  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Youngstown,  Ohio. 

353.  Thomas,    William    Aubrey,    United     States   congress 
man  from  the  nineteenth  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  June,  1866, 
in  Wales.     He  was   educated   in  the   public   schools  of  Niles, 
two  years   at   Mount  Union   college,   and   later   at   Rensselaer 
polytechnic  institute  of  Troy,  N.  Y,  making    a    specialty    of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  519 

chemistry  and  metallurgy.  He  is  a  pioneer  iron  manufacturer 
of  the  Mahoning  Valley;  was  for  some  years  manager  of  the 
Thomas  Furnace  in  Niles;  and  later  became  inteerested  in 
other  iron  industries.  He  served  in  part  of  the  fifty-eighth 
congress,  filling  a  vacancy.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  from  the  nineteenth  district  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Niles,  Ohio. 

354.  Rowland,  Paul,  United   States  congressman  from   the 
twentieth   district   of  Ohio,  was   born   at   Jefferson,  Ashtabula 
county,  Ohio,  Dec.  5,  1865;  was  liberally  educated,  holding  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and  M.  A.  from  Oberlin  college,  and  of  LL. 
B.  from   Harvard   university;   is   a   lawyeer;  was   second   lieu 
tenant  first  Ohio  volunteer  calvary  during  the  Spanish-Amer 
ican  war;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the   sixty-first   congress   as   a   republican;     and     resides   in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

355.  Vacant,  twenty-first  district  of  Ohio. 

356.  Gore,   Thomas   Pryor,     United     States    senator    from 
Oklahoma,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1870,  in  Webster  county,  Miss. 
He  graduated  from  the  normal  school  at  Walthall,  Miss. ;  and 
received  the  degree  of  B.  L.  from  Cumberland  university.    Dur 
ing  1890-91  he  taught  school ;  and  in  1892  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  law.     He  was  nominated  to  the   state  legislature, 
but  did  not  serve.     In   1892  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Mississippi,,  and  in  1895  moved  to  Texas.     In  1896  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  national  populist  convention  at  St.  Louis>  Mo. 
In  1901  he  moved  to  Oklahoma;  and  in  1902-05  was  a  member 
of  the  territorial  council.     In   1907  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Unitd  States  senate  and  drew  the  short  term  ending  in 
1909.     He  was   re-elected   for  the   term   ending  in   1915;  and 
resides  in  Lawton,  Okla. 

357.  Owen,  Robert    Latham,    United    States    senator    from 
Oklahoma,  was  born  Feb.  2,  1856,  at  Lynchburg,  Va. ;  son  of 
Robert  L.  Owen,  president  of  the  Tennessee  railroad,  and  of 
Narcissa   Chisholm,  of  the  Cherokee  nation ;  was  educated  in 
Lynchburg,  Va.,  and  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  at  Washington  and 
Lee  university,  Lexington,  Va. ;  has  served  as  teacher,  editor, 
lawyer,  banker,  and  business  man;  is  a  conservative  construc 
tive  democrat;  was  a  member  of  the  democratic  national  com 
mittee  from  1892  to  1896 ;  was  member  of  subcommittee  that 
drew  the  democratic  national  platform  in  1896,  etc. ;  vice-chair 
man  of  the  democratic  campaign   committee  in  Oklahoma   in 
1906;  is  an  Episcopalian,  a  Mason,  32°,  and  a  life  member  Elk. 


520  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Mr.  Owen  was  nominated  June  8,  1907,  as  the  choice  of  the 
democracy  of  Oklahoma  for  the  United  States  senate  in  a  state 
wide  primary  by  the  largest  vote  of  any  candidate  for  the 
senatorship  by  about  10,000;  was  appointed  United  States  sen 
ator  by  the  governor  of  Oklahoma,  Nov.  16,  1907 ;  was  elected 
United  States  senator  by  the  legislature  of  Oklahoma,  Dec.  11, 
1907,  and  took  his  seat  December  16.  His  term  of  service  will 
expire  March  3,  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Muskogee,  Okla. 

358.  McGuire,  Bird  Segie,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Oklahoma,  was  born  in  1864  in  Belleville, 
111.     He  moved  to  Pawnee  county,  Okla. ;  and  practiced  law ; 
and    in    1897-1903    was    assistant    United    States    attorney    for 
Oklahoma   territory.      He    was    a    member   of   the    fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Oklahoma  territory  as 
a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
Oklahoma  for  the  term  of  1909-11,  and  resides  in  Pawnee,  Okla. 

359.  Morgan,  Dick  T.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second   district  of  Oklahoma,  was   born   on   a   farm   in   Prairie 
Creek,  Vigo  County,  Ind.,  December  6,  1853,  son  of  Valentine 
and   Frances   Morgan,  and  his   mother,  at  the  ripe  age  of  87, 
still  resides  on  the  old  farm  homestead ;  he  received  his  primary 
education  in  the  country  schools  of  his  neighborhood ;  gradu 
ated  from  the  Prairie  Creek  high  school  in  1872,  at  which  time 
he  entered  Union  Christian  college  at  Merom,  Ind.,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  1876  with  the  degree  of  B.  S. ;  for 
a  time  he  was  professor  of  mathematics  in  his  alma  mater,  from 
which  institution,  in  1879;  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  S.,  in 
1880  he  graduated  from  the  Central  Law  school  of  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  and  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Indiana  legis 
lature  in  the  session  of  1880-81 ;  was  appointed  register  of  the 
United    States   land   office   at   Woodward,   Okla.,   by    President 
Roosevelt  in  1904,  and  served  until  May  1,  1908 ;  married  in  1876 
to  Miss  Ora  Heath,  daughter  of  Rev.  A.  R.  and  Mary  Heath,  of 
Covington,  Ind. ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress,  receiv 
ing  26,273  votes  to  25,349  for  Elmer  L.  Fulton,  democrat,  and 
4,443  for  C.  E,  Randall,  socialist,  and  resides  in  Woodward,  Okla. 

360.  Creager,  Charles  E.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the   third   district   of  Oklahoma,   was   born   April   28,    1873,    in 
Montgomery   county,    O'hio      He    was    educated    in    the    public 
and!  private  schools  of  his  native  state.     He  has  attained  suc 
cess  as  a   journalist   and   publisher  of   Guthrie,   Okla. ;   and   for 
many  years  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  republican 
party.     In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative  from  the  third  dis- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  521 

trict  of  Oklahoma  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican, 
and  resides  in  Muskogee,  Okla. 

361.  Carter,  Charles  Daugherty,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Oklahoma,  was  born  Aug.  16,  1868, 
in  Choctaw  nation,  Ind.  Ty.    He  worked  on  a  ranch  and  clerked 
in  a  store  until  1892.    In  1892-94  was  auditor  of  public  accounts 
of  Chickasaw    nation;   and   in    1894-96    was   superintendent   of 
schools  in  Indian  territory.     In  1897  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Chickasaw  council ;   and   in   1900-03   he  was   mining  trustee   of 
Indian  territory.     In  1906  he  proposed  the  state  of  Oklahoma; 
and  in  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Oklahoma  to  the 
sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses   as  a  democrat,   and   resides 
in  Ardmore,  Okla. 

362.  Ferris,  Scott,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fifth 
district  of  Oklahoma,  was  born  Nov.  7,  1877,  in  Neosho,  Mo. 
He  graduated  from  the  Newton  county  high  school;  and  from 
the   Kansas  city   school   of  law.     Since   1901   he  has   practiced 
law  in  Lawton,  Okla.       In  1904  he  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  of  Oklahoma.     In  1907-11 ;  he  was  a  representative  from 
Oklahoma  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  demo 
crat,  and  resides  in  Lawton,  Okla. 

363.  Bourne,  Jonathan,  United  States  senator  from  Oregon, 
was  born  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  February  23,  1855 ;  attended 
the  private   schools   of  that  city ;   entered   Harvard   College   in 
1873   and   remained   until   the   end   of   his   junior   year.      After 
traveling  around  the  world  he  settled  in  Portland,  Oreg.,  May 
16,  1878,  where  he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  Oregon 
bar   in   1881.      Becoming  largely    interested   in   the   mining   in 
terests  of  the   Northwest,  he  practiced   law   for   only  about  a 
year,  thereafter  devoting  his  attention  to  his  mining  and  other 
business   interests.     He   is   president   of   a   number   of   Oregon 
corporations   and   of   the    Bourne   cotton    mills    at    Fall    River, 
Mass.     He  was  a  Republican  member  of  the  Oregon   legisla 
ture  during  the  sessions  of  1885,  1886,  and  1897 ;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  republican  national  conventions  in   1888  and   1892,  and 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  to  succeed  Hon.  Fred. 
W.  Mulky  for  the  term  beginning  March  4,  1907.     His  term  of 
service   will    expire    March    3,    1913,    and    resides    in    Portland, 
Ore. 

364.  Chamberlain,  George  Earle,  United  States  senator  from 
Oregon,  was  born  on  a  plantation  near  Natchez,  Miss.,  January 
1,  1854.     His  early  education  was  obtained  in  private  and  later 
in  the  public  schools  of  Natchez,  which  he  attended  until  1870. 
In  the  latter  year  he  began  work  as  clerk  in  a  general  merchan- 


522  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

disc  store  in  Natchez,  holding  this  position  until  June,  1872, 
when  he  went  to  Lexington,  Va.,  to  attend  Washington  and  Lee 
university,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  the  academic 
and  law  departments  in  July,  1876,  receiving  in  the  former  the 
degree  of  B.  A.  and  in  the  latter  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  After 
graduation  he  returned  home,  where  he  remained  a  short  time, 
leaving  there  to  take  up  his  residence  in  Orgon,  arriving  there 
December  6,  1876.  Since  that  time  he  has  made  Oregon  his 
home.  During  a  part  of  1877  Mr.  Chamberlain  taught  a  country 
school  in  Linn  county,  Oreg.,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  that  year 
was  appointed  deputy  clerk  of  that  county ;  this  position  he  held 
until  the  summer  of  1879,  resigning  to  practice  law  at  Albany. 
He  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Sallie  N.  Welch,  of  Natchez, 
Miss.,  May  21,  1879;  six  children  have  been  born  to  this  mar 
riage,  all  of  whom  are  living  and  three  married.  In  1880  Mr, 
Chamberlain  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  in  1884  district 
attorney  for  the  third  judicial  district,  embracing  the  counties 
of  Marion,  Linn,  Polk,  Yamhill,  and  Tillamook,  and  served  for 
a  term  of  two  years ;  in  1891  was  appointed  attorney-general  of 
the  State  of  Oregon  by  the  then  governor,  Hon.  Sylvester  Pen- 
noyer,  his  term  expiring  in  1892,  when  he  was  nominated  for  the 
position  by  his  party  and  elected;  moving  to  Portland  shortly 
thereafter  he  was  nominated  as  district  attorney  for  the  fourth 
judicial  district,  embracing  Multnomah  county,  and  was  elected 
for  a  term  of  four  years ;  in  1902  was  nominated  as  a  candidate 
for  governor;  was  elected  for  four  years,  and  re-elected  to  the 
same  position  in  1906 ;  in  1908  he  was  nominated  in  the  primar 
ies  for  United  States  senator  on  the  democratic  ticket  and  elected 
over  his  opponent,  H.  M.  Cake,  the  republican  candidate,  and 
elected  by  the  legislature  of  the  state,  January  19,  1909,  to  the 
United  States  senate,  to  succeed  Hon.  C.  W.  Fiulton.  His  term  of 
service  will  expire  March  3,  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Portland,  Ore. 
365.  Hawley,  Willis  Chatman,  United  States  congressman, 
from  the  first  district  of  Oregon,  was  born  4  miles  west  of 
Monroe,  Benton  county,  Oreg.,  May  5,  1864,  of  pioneer  parent 
age  ;  his  father,  Sewell  Ransom  Hawley,  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon  in  1848,  and  his  mother,  Emma  A.  (Noble)  Hawley,  in 
1847.  He  was  educated  in  the  country  schools  of  Oregon  and 
at  the  Willamette  university,  Salem,  Oreg.,  with  degrees  of 
B.  S.  (1884  ,  A.  B.  and  LL.B.  (1888),  and  A.  M.  (1891)  ;  was 
regularly  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Oregon  in  1893  and  to  the 
United  States  district  and  the  United  States  States  circuit  courts 
in  1906;  was  principal  of  the  Umpqua  academy,  Wilbur,  Oreg.t 
1884-1886 ;  president  of  the  Oregon  State  Normal  school  at  Drain, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  523 

1888-1891;  the  remainder  of  his  educational  work  has  been  in 
connection  with  Willamette  university,  as  follows;  Professor 
of  history  and*  mathematics,  1891-1893 ;  professor  of  history,  eco 
nomics,  and  public  law  until  elected  to  congress;  was  president 
of  the  institution  for  eight  years;  since  1899  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Willamette  Valley  Chautauqua,  of  Oregon  City,  the 
largest  Chautauqua  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  has  been  head 
manager  of  the  Pacific  Jurisdiction  Woodmen  of  the  World  since 
1896  and  is  chairman  of  the  board ;  is  a  public  speaker  and  cam 
paigner,  but  never  was  a  candidate  for  public  office  prior  to  his 
candidacy,  for  congress  in  1906 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican; 
and  resides  in  Salem,  Ore. 

366.  Ellis,  William  Russell,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Oregon,  was  born  near  Waveland,  Mont 
gomery  county,  Ind.,  April  23,  1850 ;  moved  to  Guthrie  county, 
Iowa,  in  1855 ;  worked  on  a  farm  and  attended  district  school 
during  the  winter  months  until  18  years  of  age ;  after  that  divid 
ed  his  time  between  teaching  country  school  and  working  on  a 
farm  until  after  reaching  his  majority ;  attended  school  until  the 
middle  of  the  sophomore  year  at  the  Iowa  state  agricultural  col- 
dege  at  Ames ;  graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  law 
department  of  the  Iowa  state  university  at  Iowa  city  in  June, 
1874;  the  first  year  after  graduation  practiced  law  as  a  partner 
of  Col.  S.  D.  Nichols,  at  Panora,  Iowa,  during  which  time  he  was 
elected  and  served  as  mayor;  then  removed  to  Hamburg,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  and  newspaper  work ;  served 
that  city  two  years  as  city  attorney  and  one  ter  mas  mayor; 
moved  west  in  1883,  settling  in  Heppner,  Oreg.,  in  1884;  served 
one  term  as  county  superintendent  of  schools  of  Morrow  county ; 
three  terms  as  district  attorney  of  the  seventh  judicial  district 
of  Oregon ;  was  elected  to  congress  from  the  second  district  of 
Oregon;  was  elected  to  congress  from  the  second  district     of 
Oregon  and  served  from  March  4,  1893,  to  March  3,  1899;  in 
June,  1900,  was  elected  circuit  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  dis 
trict  of  O'regon  for  a  term  of  six  years  which  ended  July  1  1906 ; 
moved  to  Pendleton  in  July,  1901 ;  is  married ;  before  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term  as  judge,  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and 
resides  in  Pendleton,  Ore. 

367.  Penrose,  Boies,  United  States  senator  from  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  Nov.  1,  1860,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.    He  was  elected  to 
the  Pennsylvania  house  of  representatives  from  the  eighth  Phila 
delphia  district  in  1884.    He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 


524  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

state  senate  in  1887-99 ;  and  was  re-elected  in  1890,  anl  again 
in  1894.  He  was  president  of  the  senate  in  1889-1899.  Since 
1897  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate,  his 
present  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  History  of  the  city  government  of  Philadelphia. 

368.  Oliver,  George  T.,  United  States  senator  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  was  born  in  County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  Jan.  26,  1848,  while 
his  parents  were  visiting  in  that  country,  they  at  the  time 
being  residents  of  Allegheny  City,  Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Allegheny,  at  Pleasant  Hill  Academy,  West 
Middletown,  Pa.,  and  at  Bethany  College,  West  Virginia, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1868 ;  he  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  Allegheny  county  in  1871.  After  an  active 
practice  of  ten  years  he  retired  in  1881  and  engaged  in  iron 
and  steel  manufacturing;  was  actively  engaged  in  this  business 
until  1901,  when  he  disposed  of  his  interest  in  several  large 
concerns;  is  president  of  the  Youngstown  Car  Manufacturing 
Company,  at  Youngstown,  Ohio ;  connected  as  a  director  with 
several  financial  and  industrial  corporations  in  Pittsburg,  and 
is  president  of  the  Dtiquesne  Club.  In  the  summer  of  1900 
Mr.  Oliver  purchased  the  Pittsburg  Gazette,  the  oldest  news 
paper  published  west  of  the  Alleghenies,  and  later  in  the  same 
year  acquired  the  controlling  interest  in  the  Pittsburg  Chron 
icle-Telegraph,  the  oldest  afternoon  paper  in  Pittsburg ;  in 
1906  the  Pittsburg  Gazette  and  the  Pittsburg  Times  were 
merged  and  are  now  published  under  the  name  of  the  Gazette- 
Times,  and  he  is  the  principal  owner  of  both  papers.  He  mar 
ried  Miss  Mary  Kountze,  of  Omaha,  Nebr.,  and  has  six  chil 
dren  living,  his  two  eldest  sons  being  actively  engaged  in  the 
management  of  his  newspapers.  Mr.  Oliver  has  always  been 
an  earnest  and  active  republican,  but  never  held  public  office 
except  that  of  president  of  the  central  board  of  education  in 
Pittsburg,  which  position  he  occupied  from  1881  to  1884,  when 
he  resigned ;  was  presidential  elector  in  1884  and  delegate  to 
the  republican  national  convention  in  1904 ;  was  elected  March 
17,  1909,  to  the  United  States  senate  to  fill  out  the  unexpired 
term  of  Hon.  P.  C.  Knox,  resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  secre 
tary  of  state  in  President  Taft's  cabinet.  His  term  of  service 
will  expire  March  3,  1911.  He  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

869.  Bingham,  Henry  Harrison,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1841, 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  entered  the  union  army  as  a  lieutenant 
in  the  one  hundred  and  fortieth  Pennsylvania  volunteers ;  was 
wounded  at  Gettysburg  in  1863,  at  Spottsylvania  in  1864,  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  525 

at  Farmville  in  1865 ;  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  1866 
as  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He  was  appointed 
post  master  of  Philadelphia  in  1867 ;  and  was  delegate-at-large 
to  the  republican  national  convention  at  Philadelphia  in  1872 
also  delegate  from  the  first  congressional  district  to  the  repub 
lican  national  convention  at  Cincinnati  in  1876,  at  Chicago  in 
1884  and  1888,  at  Minneapolis  in  1892,  and  at  St.  Louis  in  1896. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,  forty- 
eighth,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty-third, 
fifty-fourth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  district  of  Pennsylvania  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

'370.  Cook,  Joel,  United  States  congressman  from  the  second 
district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  March  20,  1824,  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.  He  graduated  from  the  central  high  school ;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law.  He  adopted  journalism 
as  a  profession ;  and  served  various  newspapers  during  a  period 
of  forty-five  years.  He  was  president  of  the  city  national  bank 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  and  president  of  the  Philadelphia  board  of 
trade.  In  1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  republican.  He 
is  the  author  of  several  volumes  on  American  and  foreign  travel ; 
and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

371.  Moore,  J.  Hampton,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  Pennsylvania,  born  at  Woodbury,  N.  J-, 
March  8,  1864 ;  educated  in  common  schools ;  law  student  in 
Philadelphia,  1877  to  1880;  reporter  in  the  courts  and  on  the 
Public  Ledger,  1881  to  1894 ;  chief  clerk  to  city  treasurer,  1894 
to  1897 ;  editor  and  publisher,  1898-99 ;  secretary  to  mayor,  1900 ; 
city  treasurer,  1901-1903 ;  chief  bureau  of  manufactures,  depart 
ment  of  commerce  and  labor,  January,  1905 ;  resigned  June  1, 
1905,  to  become  president  City  Trust,  Safe  Deposit  and  Surety 
Company  of  Philadelphia;  appointed  by  the  court  June  24,  1905, 
receiver  of  the  company;  president  of  the  allied  republican  clubs 
of  Philadelphia,  1900-1906;  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  state 
league  in  1900,  and  re-elected  in  1901 ;  elected  president  of  the 
national  republican  league,  at  Chicago,  in  1902,  and  re-elected  at 
Indianapolis  in  1904;  president  Atlantic  deeper  waterways 
association,  1908-9 ;  married  Adelaide  Stone  in  1889 ;  elected  to 
the  fifty-ninth  congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of  the  late  Hon. 
George  A.  Castor,  and  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected 


526  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa. 

372.  Moon,   Reuben  Osborne,     United   States   congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  the  state 
of  New  Jersey.    He  was  educated  under  his  father's  instruction, 
supplemented   by  a  college   course,   graduating    in    1874.     He 
taught  school,  and  later  was  a  professor  in  a  prominent  insti 
tution  of  learning  in  Philadelphia.     He  engaged  in  the  educa 
tional  lectural  field.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  fourth  district  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

373.  Foulkrod,  William  Walker,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fifth   district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  about  1850 
in  Frankfort,  Pa.     He  began  his  career  in  the  wholesale  dry 
Sfoods  business.     He  is  president  of  the  Frankfort  mutual  fire 
insurance  company.    He  was  a  member  of  the  canal  commission 
appointed  to  report  upon  a  plan  for  a  canal  connecting  Phila 
delphia  with  the  ocean.     In   1907-11  he  was  a  representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  congresses  as 
•A  republican;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

374.  McCreary,  George  Deardorff,  United   States  congress 
man  from  the  sixth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Sept.  28, 
7846,  in  New  Springs  village.     In  1864,  with  his  parents,  he 
removed  to  Philadelphia ;     educated     in     public     and     private 
schools ;   and   in   1864   entered   the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  became  a  member  of  Whitney,  McCreary  and  Kemton.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  Pennsylvania  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

375.  Butler,  Thomas  S.,    United  States    congressman  from 
the  seventh   district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1855, 
in  Pennsylvania.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Chester  county  bar. 
He  was   a   member  of  the   fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican- 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh 
district  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Westchester,  Pa. 

378.  Wanger,  Irving  Price,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eighth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  March  5,  1852,  in 
North  Coventry,  Pa.  In  1880-82  he  was  district  attorney  of 
Montgomery  county,  Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-third, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  527 

fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighth  district  of 
Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Morris- 
town,  Pa. 

377.  Driest,  William  Walton,    United  States    congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Pennsylvania.    He  is  a  manufacturer 
of  iron ;  and  publisher  of  a  newspaper  in  Lancaster,  Pa.    He  is 
president  of  railway  and  lighting  companies.    In  1909-11  he  was 
a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

378.  Nicholls,   Thomas   David,   United   States   congressman 
from  the  tenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Wilkes- 
barre,  Luzerne  county,  Pa.,  Sept.  16  1870;  attended  public  day 
schools  until  9  years  of  age  and  two  winters  of  night  school 
in  the  two  years  following;  later  on  studied  mining  by  cor 
respondence  in  the    International    correspondence    schools    of 
Scranton;  in  1897  passed  a  state  examination  and  received  a 
mine  foreman's  certificate  of  competency;    began    work    as  a 
breaker  boy  and  worked  from  the  age  of  9  until  12  as  a  slate 
picker;    at    12   years   of   age,    secured    employment    inside    the 
mines  and  continued  to  work  at  the  various  occupations  there 
in  until  May,  1900,  when  he  was  placed  on  salary  for  the  pur 
pose  of  having  him   devote  his  whole   time   to  the   duties   of 
district  president  of  District  No,  1,  United  Mine  Workers  of 
America,  to  which  position  he  had  been  elected  in  May,  1899 ; 
is  married  and  has  a  family  of  four  children — three  girls  and 
one  boy;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Scran- 
ton,  Pa. 

879.  Palmer,  Henry  Wilber,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  eleventh  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  educated  at 
Wyoming  seminary,  Kingston,  Pa.,  Fort  Edward  institute,  Fort 
Edward,  N.  Y.,  and  the  national  law  school  of  Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y.,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1860;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  in  1860,  and  at  Wilkes- 
barre  in  1861 ;  married  Ellen  M.  Webster  at  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. ; 
Sept.  12,  1861 ;  served  in  the  pay  department  of  the  Union 
Army  in  the  civil  war,  at  New  Orleans,  in  1862-63 ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Constitutional  convention  of  Pennsylvania  in  1872-73, 
and  attorney-general  of  the  state  from  1879  to  1883 ;  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  congresses, 


528  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  sixty-first  congresses  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pa- 

380.  Garner,    Alfred)   Buckwalter,    United    Statesi    congress 
man  from  the  twelfth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  March 
4,  1873,  in  Ashland,  Pa.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
at  Ashland,  Pa. ;  and  for  many  years  has  been  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.     In  1900-07  he  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania    state    legislature.      In    1909-11    he   was    a    representative 
from   Pennsylvania  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ; 
and  resides  in  Ashland,  Pa. 

381.  Rothermel,  John  H.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirteenth   district   of  Pennsylvania,    was    born    March    7, 
1856,    in   Richmond    township,   Berks   county,    Pa. ;   received    a 
common  school  and  academic  education ;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  August  20,  1881 ;  has  been   engaged   in  active  practice  of 
his  profession  in   the  state  and  federal   courts  ever  since ;  was 
elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Reading,  Pa. 

382.  Pratt,  Charles  C.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
fourteenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  at  New  Milford, 
Pa-,  April  23,  1854;  received  his  education  at  the  New  Milford 
public   school,   at   Bloomsburg,   Pa.,  and   at    Great   Barrington, 
Mass. ;  was  married  in  1878 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican  for  term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in 
New   Milford,   Pa. 

383.  Wilson,  William  Bauchop,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fifteenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  at  Blan- 
tyre,   Scotland,   April   2,   1862 ;   came   to   this   country   with   his 
parents   in   1870   and   settled   at   Arnot,  Tioga   county,   Pa.     In 
March,  1871,  he  began  working  in  the  coal  mines;  in  Novem 
ber,  1873,  became  half  member  of  the  Mine  Workers'  Union; 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  trade-union  affairs  from  early  man- 
haad ;  was    international    secretary-treasurer     of     the     United 
Mine  Workers   of  America   from   1900  until  1907,  having  been 
elected  each  year  without  opposition.     He  is  engaged  in  farm 
ing  at  Blossburg;  and  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides 
in  Blossburg,  Pa- 

384.  McHenry,  John   Geiser,     United    States     congressman 
from  the  sixteenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Benton 
township,  Columbia  county,  Pa.,  April  26,  1868 ;  was  educated 
in  rural  public  schools  and  Orangeville  academy ;  is  a  banker, 
manufacturer,   and   farmer;   president  of  the   Columbia   county 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  529 

national  bank  and  state  superintendent  of  the  Grange  national 
banks  throughout  Pennsylvania ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth 
congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  demo 
crat  ;  and  resides  in  Benton,  Pa. 

385.  Focht,  Benjamin  K-,  United   States  congressman  from 
seventeenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  'March  12,  1863. 
He  was  educated  at    Buckness    university,    state    college    and 
Selins  Grove  institute.     He  established  the  Saturday  News  in 
1881,  which  he  still  owns.     He  has  been  an  active  republican 
for  over  twenty  years ;  and  a  delegate  to  many  conventions  and 
party  councils.     He  was  a  member  of  Pennsylvania  assembly 
three  sessions ;  and  served  one  term  in  the  senate,  retiring  from 
that  body  in  1905.     He  formulated  the   present  ballet  law  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  interested  in  a  number  of  railroad  operation? 
with  business  headquarters  in  New  York  city.     In  1907-11  he 
was   a   representative    from    Pennsylvania   to   the    sixtieth    and 
sixty-first   congresses   as   a   republican ;   and   resides   in    Lewis- 
burg,   Pa, 

386.  Olmsted,  Marlin  Edgar,     United     States     congressman 
from  the  eighteenth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  1853 
in  Potter  county,  Pa.     He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools,  and  subsequently  attended  Couders- 
port  academy.     He  is  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  has  served   as  a  member  of  select  council  of  Har- 
risburg,  Pa- ;  has  been  counsel  of  his  city ;  president  and  general 
counsel  for  the  Beech  railroad  company;  also  president  of  the 
Buffalo  and  Susquehana  railroad  company.     He  is  or  has  been 
counsel  for  the  Lehigh  Valley  railroad  company ;  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna    and    Western    railroad    company;    Delaware    and 
Hudson  Canal  company ;  Lehigh  Coal  and  Niavigation  company ; 
the  Western  Union  telegraph  company,  and  many  other  cor 
porations.     He  was  a  member  of  the     fifty-fourth,     fifty-fifth, 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  from  the  eighteenth  district  of  Pennsylvania  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Harrisburg,  Pa, 

387.  Reynolds,  John  Merriman,  United  States  congressman 
from   the   nineteenth     district    of    Pennsylvania,   was    born    in 
Lancaster  county,  Pa.     He  graduated  from  the  First  Pennsyl 
vania   state   normal   school;  and   received  the  degree  of  A.   M. 
from  Columbia  university.     He  was  an  instructor  of  teachers 
in  the  normal   school ;  and  principal  of    the    public    school    at 
Bedford,  Pa.    He  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  the 


530  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

banking  business  at  Bedford.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  of  Pennsylvania  in  1873-74;  was  prosecuting  attorney  of 
his  county  in  1875.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  nineteenth  district  cf  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11; 
and  resides  in  Bedford,  Pa. 

388.  Lafean,   Daniel   Franklin,  United    States    congressman 
from  the  twentieth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Feb.   7, 
1861,  in  York,  Pa.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city,  entering  the  high  schools  in  1876-     He  has  been 
actively    engaged    in    the     manufacturing    business     upward    of 
twenty  years,  being  connected  with  a  number  of  local   manu 
facturing  concerns,  as  well  as  president  of  the  Security  Title 
and    Trust    company  and  is  a  director  of  the  Gettysburg  col 
lege  and  trustee  of  the  Gettyburg  seminary.     He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth     congresses     from 
Pennsylvania  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from   the  twentieth   district  of   Pennsylvania  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  York,  Pa. 

389.  Barclay,  Charles  Frederick,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  twenty-first  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  May  9, 
1844,  in  Oswego,  N.  Y-     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Pennsylvania ;  and  at  the  Coudersport  academy.     He  served 
during  the  civil  war  from   private  to   captain   in  the  one  hun 
dred    and    forty-ninth    regiment    Pennsylvania    volunteers.      He 
studied   law   at   the    university   of   Michigan,   but    subsequently 
engaged  with  an  elder  brother  in  the  lumber  business  at  Shin- 
namahoning,   Pa.      In   1892   he   was   a   presidential   elector.      In 
1907-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  six 
tieth    and    sixty-first    congresses    as    a    republican ;    and    resides 
in  Sinnamahoning,  Pa- 

390.  Huff,  George  Franklin,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twenty-second  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  July  16, 
1842,  in  Norristown,  Pa.     He  received  his  education  in  public 
schools ;  and  later  at  Altoona,  where,  after  learning  a  trade  in 
the    car    shops    of   the    Pennsylvania    railroad    company,    at    an 
early  age  he  entered  the  banking  house  of  William  'M.  Lloyd 
and  Co.     In  1867  he  removed  to  Westmoreland  county  to  en 
gage  in  the  banking  business.    He  was  married  in  1871  to  Hen 
rietta,  daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Jeremiah  M-  Burell,  of  Penn 
sylvania,  afterwards  United  States  district  judge  and  chief  jus 
tice  of  Kansas  by  appointment  of  President   Franklin   Pierce; 
he  was  a  member  of  the  national  republican  convention  in  1880, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  531 

where  he  was  one  of  the  306  who  followed  the  lead  of  Ros- 
coe  Conkling  in  the  ever-memorable  effort  to  nominate  Gen.  U. 
S.  Grant  for  the  presidency.  He  is  president  of  the  Keystone 
Coal  and  Coke  company,  one  of  the  largest  producers  of  gas  and 
steam  coal  in  the  United  States ;  is  largely  engaged  in  many 
other  business  industries  in  various  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  to 
gether  with  the  banking  business  in  Greensburg,  in  which  he 
has  been  constantly  engaged  since  his  youth ;  and  is  president 
of  the  Westmoreland  Hospital  association.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-second,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  re 
publican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the 
twenty-second  district  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Greensburg,  Pa. 

391.  Cooper,  Allen  Foster,  United  States  congressman  from 
the   twenty-third   district   of   Pennsylvania,   was   born   June   16. 

1862,  in   Fayette   county,   Pa.     He  was   educated   in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  township,  in  the  state  normal  schools  at 
California   and   Lockhaven,   Pa. ;   and   at   Mount   Union   college, 
Ohio ;  and  graduated  from  the  state  normal  school  at  California. 
Pa.     He  taught  school  for  six  years.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth   congresses    from    Pennsyl 
vania  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress    from   the   twenty-third   district   of   Pennsylvania    for   the 
term  of  1909-11  ;  and  resides  in  Uniontown,  Pa. 

392.  Tener,  John   Kinley,   United   States   congressman   from 
the  twenty-fourth   district  of  Pennsylvania,  was   born  July  25, 

1863,  in  County  Tyrone,  Ireland  ;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1872  ;  received  his  education  in  the  public  and  high  schools  in 
the  city   of   Pittsburg;  was   employed,  after  leaving  school,  bv 
manufacturing  firms  and   corporations  in  and  about  Pittsburg: 
played    professional    base    ball    1885    to    1890 ;    has    been    in    the 
banking  business  at  Charleroi  since  LS91 ;  was  educated  to  the 
sixty-first   congress   as   a   republican;   and   resides   in   Charleroi, 
Pennsylvania. 

393.  Bates,     Arthur     Laban,     United     States     congressman 
from  the  twenty-fifth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  June 
6,   1859,   in  Meadville,    Pa.      He    was    elected    city    solicitor   of 
Meadville,  Pa.,  in     1889,     1890,     1892,     1894,  serving    four    full 
terms.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Pennsylvania  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  twenty- 
fifth  district  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  re 
sides  in  Meadville,  Pa. 


532  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

394.  Palmer,  A.  Mitchell,  United  States   congressman  from 
the   twenty-sixth    district    of   Pennsylvania,    was    born    May   4, 
1872 ;  attended  the  public  schools  and  prepared  for  college  at 
the  Moravian  Parochial  School,  Bethlehem,  Pa.;  in  the  fall  of 
1887   entered   Swarthmore    College.,   from   which   he   was   grad 
uated  in  1891  with  the  highest  honors  in  his  class ;  member  of 
Phi   Beta   Kappa  Society;  was   appointed  official   stenographer 
of  the   forty-third   judicial   district   of   Pennsylvania,   1892,   and 
while  occupying  this  position  studied  lawr ;  upon  admission  to 
the  bar  in  1893  formed  a  partnership  with  Hbn.  John  B.  Storm, 
which   continued   until   the  latter's   death    in    1901,    when   Mr. 
Palmer  succeeded  to  the  business  of  the  firm;  is  a  member  of 
the  bar  of  the  supreme  and  superior  courts  of   Pennsylvania ; 
director  in  the  Scranton  Trust  Company,  Stroudsburg  National 
bank,  and  a  number  of  other  financial  and  industrial  instiutions ; 
has  been  a  member  of  the  democratic  state  executive  committee 
of  Pennsylvania,   but   was   never   a   candidate    for   public   office 
before  his  nomination  for  Congress ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Stroudsburg,  Pa. 

395.  Langham,  Jonathan  Nicholas,  United  States  congress 
man   from   the   twenty-seventh    district    of    Pennsylvania,   was 
born  in  Indiana  county,  Pa.,  Aug.  4,  1861 ;  worked  on  the  home 
farm  and  attended  the  common  schools  of  his  county  until  16 
years  old,  when  he  began  teaching;   entered   the   state   normal 
school  at  Indiana,  graduating  therefrom  in  the  class  of  1882 ; 
read  law  in  the  office  of  John  N.  Banks,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Indiana  county  bar  in  December,  1888 ;  was  appointed  post 
master  at  Indiana,  Pa.,  under  President   Harrison ;  served  six 
years  as  assistant  United  States  attorney  for  the  western  dis 
trict   of   Pennsylvania ;   served   as   chief   clerk   and   corporation 
deputy   in   the   auditor-general's    department    of    Pennsylvania ; 
is  at  present  the  senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Langham 
and  Elkin,  at  Indiana;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Indiana,  Pennsylvania. 

396.  Wheeler,  Nelson  P.,  United   States  congressman   from 
the  twenty-eighth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in   Port- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  4,  1841 ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools, 
and  later  attended  ncademies  in  Olean  and  Deposit,  N.  Y.  He 
is  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  and  farming,  and  has  been 
interested   in   tanning,  and  holds  positions   of  trust   in   several 
companies   and   banks.     He  was   elected   county   commissioner 
at  the  age  of  25 ;  has  held  various  township  offices,  and  served 
one   term,   1878-79,   in   the   Pennsylvania    state   legislature,   de- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  533 

clining  a  re-nomination  on  account  of  his  business ;  was  elected 
to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Endeavor,  Pa. 

397.  Graham,  William  H.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  twenty-ninth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Allegheny, 
Pa.,  August  3,  1844,  and  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  that  city.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  en 
listed,  at  the  age  of  17,  in  a  Pittsburg  company,  but  Pennsyl 
vania's  quota  being  full  they  chartered  a  steamer,  went  down 
the  Ohio  River  to  Wheeling,  and  were  accepted  there,  becom 
ing1  Company  A,  Second  Virginia  Infantry ;  after  a  service  of 
two  years  they  were  mounted  and  became  the  Fifth  West 
Virginia  Cavalry;  saw  very  active  service  under  Generals  Aver- 
ill,  Crook,  and  Sheridan ;  was  in  service  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  witnessing  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomattox ; 
was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  White  Sulphur  Springs,  W.  Va.  ; 
after  the  war  he  engaged  actively  in  business  and  has  been  very 
successful ;  was  elected  three  terms  successively  as  recorder 
of  deeds  of  Allegheny  county ;  represented  his  city  during 
four  sessions  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature ;  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  and  fifty-seventh  congresses ;  was 
defeated  by  18  votes  for  the  fifty-eighth  congress  through  a 
citizens-democratic  fusion  movement;  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Allegheny. 

398.  Dalzell,  John,  United  States  congressman  from  the  thir 
tieth  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  April  19,  1845,  in  New 
Ycrk  City.    For  years  he  was  one  of  the  attorneys  for  the  Penn 
sylvania   railroad   company   and   for   all   its   western   lines ;   and 
was  also  attorney  for  many  corporations  in  Allegheny  county. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first,  fifty-second,  fifty- 
third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  ; 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican.     He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  thirtieth  district  of 
Pennsylvania  for  the  term  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

399.  Burke,  James  Francis,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirty-first  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1867, 
at  Petroleum  Center,  Pa.     He  founded  the  American  republican 
college    league,   and   became   its   first   president,   establishing   a 
branch  organization  in  every  leading  university  of  the  United 
States.     He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Pittsburg  in  1893.     He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  thirty-first  district 


534  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Pitts- 
burg,    Pa. 

400.  Barchfeld,  Andrew  Jackson,  United  States  congressman 
from  thirty-second  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  May  18, 
1863,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  at  the  Central  High  School  of  Pittsburg;  and  in  1884  gradu 
ated  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  college  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.    He 
has  been  a  life-long  republican ;  in   1884  was  elected  a   school 
director;  and  in  1886-87  was  a  member  of  the  common  council 
of  Pittsburg,   Pa.     He  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  state 
conventions  of  1886,  1894  and  1901 ;  and  for  many  years  was  a 
member   of   the   Pennsylvania   republican   state   committee.      In 
1902  he  was  nominee  of  his  party  for  congress;  and  in  1904  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  congress.    He  is  prominent  in  the  med 
ical   profession;  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical   societies; 
and  president  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  South  Side  hos 
pital  of  Pittsburg,   Pa.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth   and 
sixtieth   congresses.     Hie  was   re-elected  to  the   sixty-first   con 
gress   from   the   thirty-second   district   of   Pennsylvania   for   the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

401.  Aldrich,  Nelson  Wilmarth,  United  States  senator  from 
Rhode  Island,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1841,  in  Foster,  R.  I..     He  re 
ceived  an  academic  education ;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  was  president  of  the  common  council  of  Providence  in  1872- 
73.     He  was  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in 
1875  and  1876,  serving  as  speaker  during  the  latter  year.     He 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  forty- 
sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses,  and  resigned  in  1881  to  take 
his  seat  as  a  senator  of  the  United  States  from  Rhode  Island. 
Since  1881  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate, 
and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I. 

402.  Wetmore,  George  P.,  United  States  senator  from  Rhode 
Island,  was  born  during  a  visit  of  his  parents  abroad,  at  London. 
England,  August  2,  1846 ;  was  graduated  from  Yale  college  in 
1867,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  that  of  A.  M.  in  1871; 
studied  law  at  Columbia  college  law  school,  and  was  graduated 
in  1869,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  B. ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Rhode  Island  and  of  New  York  in  1869 ;  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Peabody  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Yale  University,  and 
was    nominated    a    fellow    of    the    university    in    1888,    but    de 
clined  ;  is  a  trustee  of  the  Peabody  education  fund,  and  a  direc 
tor  of  other  associations ;  was  first  Presidential  elector  of  Rhode 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  535 

Island  in  1880  and  in  1884;  was  a  member  of  the  State  committee 
to  receive  the  representatives  of  France  on  the  occasion  of  their 
visit  to  Rhode  Island  in  1881 ;  was  a  member  of  the  commission 
to  build  the  new  statehouse;  was  governor  of  Rhode  Island  in 
1885-86,  1886-87,  and  was  defeated  for  a  third  term  in  1887,  re 
ceiving,  however,  a  greater  number  of  votes  than  at  either  of 
the  two  preceding  elections,  when  successful ;  was  defcatead  on 
the  eighth  ballot  for  United  States  Senator  in  1889 ;  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate  to  succeed  Nathan  F.  Dixon,  June 
13,  1894,  receiving  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  general  assembly 
in  the  senate,  house,  and  joint  assembly ;  was  re-elected  in  1900, 
and  again  for  the  term  ending  March  3,  1913 ;  and  resides  in 
Newport,  R.  I. 

403.  Sheffield,  William  Paine,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  at  Newport,  R.  I., 
June  1,  1857  ;  was  educated  at  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  Mass., 
1873;  Brown  University,  A.  B.,  1887,  A.  M.,  1879;  studied  law  at 
the  University  of  Paris  and  at  Harvard  Law  School ;  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Rhode  Island,  1889,  and  United  States  Supreme 
court,  1900 ;  has  been   engaged   in   active  practice   as  a  lawyer 
ever  since ;  commissioner  on  abolishing  Narragansett  Tribe  of 
Indians,  1880 ;  colonel  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  George  Peabody  Wet- 
more,    1885-86 ;    member    of    house    of    representatives,    Rhode 
Island,  1885-86,  1888-89,  1890,  1894,  1895,  1896,    1899,   1900,  and 
1901 ;  member  of  commission  to  revise  the  constitution  of  the 
State,  1897 ;  was  also  of  Rhode  Island  commission  to  Jamestown 
Exposition,  1900-1907 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  for 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

404.  Capron,  Adin  Ballou,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  Jan.  9,  1841,  in 
Mendon,  Mass.    He  enlisted  as  sergeant  in  second  Rhode  Island 
infantry  in  1861 ;  promoted  to  sergeant-major  and  lieutenant,  and 
ordered  on  detached  service  in  the  signal  corps  in  December,  1861. 
He  served  in  the  signal  corps  until  the  close  of  the  war,  having 
been  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in     the  signal  corps,  United 
States  army,  in   1863,  and  receiving  promotion  to  the  rank  of 
captain  and  major  by  brevet.     He  was  elected  a  representative 
to  the  general  assembly  of  Rhode  Island  in  1887 ;  served  during 
1901 ;  member  of  commission  to  revise  the  constitution  of  the 
fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  second  district  of  Rhode  Island  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 :  and  resides  in  Stillwater,  R.  I. 


536  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

405.  Tillman,  Benjamin   Ryan,  United   States   senator   from 
South  Carolina,  was  born  Aug.   11,  1847,  in  Edgefield  county, 
S.  C.     He  followed  farming  as  a  pursuit  and  took  no  active  part 
in  politics  until  he  began  the  agitation  in  1886  for  industrial  and 
technical  education  which  culminated  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Clemson  agricultural  and   mechanical  college  at   Calhoun's  old 
home,  Fort  Hill.     The  demand  for  educational   reform  broad 
ened  into  a  demand  for  other  changes  in  state  affairs,  and  he  was 
put   forward   by    the    farmers   as   a   candidate    for   governor   in 
1890,  and  was  elected  in  November  following.    This  was  his  first 
political  office,  and  he  was  re-elected  in  1892  by  an  overwhelming 
vote.     His  term  as  governor  was  signalized  by  the  passage  of 
the  dispensary  law  for  the  control  of  the  liquor  traffic  by  the 
state  and  by  the  establishment  of  another  college,  the  Winthrop 
normal  and  industrial  college  for  women,  at  Rock  Hill.    He  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  in  1894,  and  his  present  term 
will  expire  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Trenton,  S.  C. 

406.  Smith,  Ellison  D.,  United  States  senator  from  South  Car 
olina,  was  born  August  1,  1866,  at  Lynchburg,  Sumter   (now 
Lee)  County,  S.  C.,  the  son  of  Rev.  Wm.  H.  and  Mary  Isabella 
McLeod  Smith ;  the  late  Bishop  A.  Coke  Smith  and  presiding 
elder  Rev.  Charles  B.  Smith  are  his  brothers ;  attended  private 
and  public  schools  of  Lynchburg ;  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Stewart's  school,  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  entered  the  freshman  class 
of  the  University  of  South  Carolina ;  afterwards  entered  Wofford 
College,  Spartanburg,  S.  C.,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  1889 ;  at  Wofford  he  won  gold  medals  in  debate,  science,  and 
literature  in  his  sophomore,  junior,  and  senior  years.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  from  Sumter  county  1896  to  1900,  this 
being  his  only  previous  political  experience ;  is  a  merchant  and 
planter;  began  the  cotton  movement  in  1901,  which  resulted  in 
the  organization  of  the  Farmers'  Protective  Association;  in  1901, 
after  the  Sulley  "break,"  when  cotton  dropped  from  17  to  6^2 
cents,  began   a   study  of  the  cotton   movement ;   attended  boll- 
weevil  convention  at  Shreveport,  La.,  which  resulted  in   plans 
for  New  Orleans  convention,  January,  1905,  which  culminated 
in  the  formation  of  the  Southern  Cotton  Association ;  was  made 
field  agent  and  general  organizer,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
three  years,  January,  1905,  to  June,  1908,  his  territory  covering 
the  entire  south ;  became  a  national  figure  on  account  of  ad 
dresses  at  New  Orleans,  Birmingham,  Dallas,  and  Shreveport ; 
was  nominated  for  United  States  senator  at  a  primary  election  in 
Sept.  1908,  receiving  69,318  votes,  to  39,655  for  John  Gary  Evans, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  537 

his  majority  being  the  largest  ever  given  any  candidate  for  the 
office ;  was  elected  tc  the  United  States  senate  January,  1909,  for 
the  term  beginning  March  4.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
March  3,  1915;  and  resides  in  Florence,  S.  C. 

407.  Legare,  George  S.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  in  1870  in  Rockville. 
N.    C.      In    1889    he    graduated    with    honors    from    the    Porter 
academy  of  Charleston,  after  which  he  attended  the  university 
of  South  Carolina  for  two  years ;  from  there  he  went  to  George 
town  university  law  school  of  Washington,  D.  C.     In  1898-1903 ; 
he  was  corporation  counsel.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth    congresses   from    South    Carolina   as   a 
democrat.     He  was   re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  first  district  of  South  Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and 
resides  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

408.  Patterson,  James  O'Hanlon,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  June  25, 
1857,  in  Barnwell,  S.  C.    He  was  educated  in  the  private  schools 
of  Barnwell  and  Augusta,  Ga. ;  and  in  1866  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.    He  served  two  terms  as  probate  judge  of  Barnwell  county, 
Ga. ;  and  in  1898-19904  was  a  representative  in  the  South  Caro 
lina  state  legislature ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congress  from  the  second  district  of  South  Carolina ;  and  was  re- 
elected    to    the    sixty-first    congress    for    term    of    1909-11 ;    and 
resides  in  Barnwell,  S.  C. 

409.  Aiken,  Wyatt,  United  States  congressman  from  the  third 
district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  Dec.  14,  1863.     In  1891-1894, 
he  was  official  court  stenographer.     He  served  in  the  Spanish- 
American  war  in  the  Abbeyville  volunteers.     In  1903-05  he  was 
a  democratic  representative  from   South    Carolina   to   the   fifty- 
eighth  ;  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.    He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  district  of  South  Carolina 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Abbeville,  S.  C. 

410.  Johnson,  Joseph  Travis,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1858, 
in  Brewerton,  S.  C.     Since  1883  he  has  practiced  law  in  Spartan- 
burg,  S.  C.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses   from   South    Carolina   as    a 
democrat.     He  was  re-elected   to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  fourth  district  of  South  Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-11; 
and  esides  in  Spartanburg,  S.  C. 

411.  Finley,  David  Edward,  United  States  congressman  from 


538  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  fifth  district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  Feb.  28,  1861,  in 
Trenton,  Ark.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representa 
tives  of  South  Carolina  in  1890-91 ;  and  of  the  state  senate  in 
1892-96.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  South  Carolina 
as  a  democrat.  He  was  reelected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the  fifth  district  of  South  Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and 
resides  in  Yorkville,  S.  C. 

412.  Ellerbe,  James  Edwin,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  sixth  district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1867,  in 
Sellers,  S.  C.    His  early  education  was  received  at  Old  Pine  Hill 
academy;  and  for  three  years  he  studied  at  Wofford  college  of 
Spartanburg,  S.  C.     He  has  been  a  farmer  all  his  life.     In  1894 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature ; 
and  in  1895  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  state  consti 
tutional    convention.      He    was    elected    to    the    fifty-ninth    and 
sixtieth   congresses.     He  was   re-elected   to  the  sixty-first   con 
gress   from   the   sixth   district  of  South   Carolina   for   the   term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Marion,  S.  C. 

413.  Lever,  Asbury  Francis,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  seventh  district  of  South   Carolina,  was  born  Jan.   5,  1875, 
near  Springhill,  S.  C.     In  1895  he  graduated  from  Newberry  col 
lege  ;  and  for  several  years  taught  school.    He  subsequently  took 
up  the  practice  of  law ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  conven 
tions  of  1896   and  1900.     In   1900-02  he  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  state  legislature.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
seventh  to  fill  a  vacancy,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  South  Carolina  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the   sixty-first   congress   from   the   seventh   district   of   South 
Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Lexington,  S.  C. 

414.  Gamble,  Robert    Jackson,    United    States    senator    from 
South  Dakota,  was  born  Jan.  7.  1851.  near  Akron,  X.  Y.     He 
has  been   district   attorney ;   city   attorney   of   Yankton    for  two 
terms,  and  state  senator  in  1885.     He  represented  South  Dakota 
as  congressman-at-large  in  the  fifty-fourth  congress  and  was  the 
unanimous   nominee   of   his   party   for   re-election    to    the   fifty- 
fifth  congress  in  the  year  1896,  but  was  defeated  by  a  plurality 
of  one  hundred  and  eighty-two  votes  out  of  a  total  vote  of  eighty- 
three  thousand.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth  and  fifty- 
seventh    congresses   as   a    republican.      He   was    elected    to   the 
United   States   senate   in    1901;   and   his   term   expires   in    1915; 
and   resides  in  Yankton,  S.   D, 

415.  Crawford,  Coe  I.,  United  States  senator  from  South  Da- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  539 

kota,  was  born  near  Volney,  Iowa,  Jan.  11,  1858 ;  educated  in 
common  schools  and  law  department  state  university  of  Iowa ; 
was  state's  attorney  of  Hughes  county,  Dakota  territory,  1886- 
1888;  member  first  state  senate,  South  Dakota,  1890;  attorney- 
general  of  South  Dlakota,  1892-1896 ;  was  governor  of  the  same 
state  in  1906-08.  In  1908  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Huron,  S.  D. 

416.  Martin,  Eben  Wever,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  South  Dakota,  was  born  at  Maquoketa,  Jack 
son  county,  Iowa,  April  12,   1855,  and  came  of  English,   Irish, 
and   Scotch   ancestry;   was   graduated    from    Cornell   college   in 
1879,  with  the  degree  of  B.  A.,  and  three  years  later  received 
the   degree   of  A.   M.   from   his   alma   mater;   attended   the   law 
school  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  was  there  president 
of  his   class ;  was   admitted   to   the  bar  in   the   spring  of  1880, 
after  which,  in  the  summer  of  the  same     year,     he     moved     to 
Deadwood,  and  has  since  practiced  law  continuously  in  the  vari 
ous  state  and  federal  courts  of  that  region  ;  married  Jessie  A. 
Miner,  daughter  of  George  N.  Miner,  of  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  June 
13,  1883 ;  they  have  five  children,  three  boys  and  two  girls,  all 
living;  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  legislature  of  Dakota  in 
1884  and  1885 ;  was  for  several  years  president  of  the  board  of 
education  of  the  city  of  Deadwood ;  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of 
the    American    revolution,    South    Dakota    chapter,    and    of   the 
Iowa  Commandery  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  the  latter  by  inheritance 
from  his  father,  Capt.  James  W.  Martin,  of  company  I,  twenty- 
fourth  Iowa  volunteers,  now  deceased ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  and  fifty-ninth   congresses,  and   re-elected 
to  the  sixtieth   congress   to  fill   the  vacancy   and  to  the   sixty- 
first  congress,  as  a  republican  ;  and  resides  in  Deadwood,  S.  D. 

417.  Burke,  Charles  H.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second  district  of  South  Dakota,  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Genesee 
county,   N.   Y.,   April   1,   1861;   was   educationed   in   the   public 
schools  of  Batavia,  N.  Y. ;  moved  to  Dakota  territory  in  1882 ; 
entered   and   settled   upon  a  homestead   in   Beadle  county,  and 
moved  to  Hughes  county  in  March,  1883;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1886,  but  has  never  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law,  having  had  charge  of  closing  up  the  affairs  of  a  farm  loan 
company,  and  engaging  in  a  general  real  estate  and  investment 
business ;  is  married  and  has  three  daughters  and  one  son ;  was 
elected  to  the   legislature  in   1894  and  re-elected  in   1S96 ;  was 
elected  to  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  and  fifty-ninth 
congresses ;  was   defeated   in   the   convention   in   1906,  but   was 


540  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

again  nominated  in  June,  1908,  in  a  state-wide  primary,  and 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in 
Pierre,  S.  Di 

418.  Frazier,  James  B.,  United  States  senator  from  Tennessee, 
was  born  Oct.  8,  1858,  in  Pikeville,  Tenn.     He  was  educated  in 
the   common    schools;    and'  graduated   from    the    university    of 
Tennessee.    He  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
In  1903-05  he  was  governor  of  Tennessee.     In  1905-11  he  was  a 
member  of  the  United  States  senate;  and  resides  in  Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

419.  Taylor,  Robert  Love,  United  States  senator  from  Ten 
nessee,  was  born  in  Happy  Valley,  Carter  county,  Tenn.,  July 
31,  1850;  educated  at  Pennington,  N.  J. ;  admitted  to  bar,  1878; 
member  of  congress,  1879-1881 ;  elected  governor  of  Tennessee 
three  times,  beginning  with  1886 ;  democratic  in  politics ;  editor 
in  chief  of  Boy  Taylor's  Magazine ;  chosen  at  primaries  in  May, 
1906,  to  succeed  Edward  W.  Carmack  at  United  States  sena 
tor  for  the  term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

420.  Brownlow,  Walter  Preston,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  March  27,  1851,  in 
Abingdon,  Va.     In  1876  he  purchased  the  Herald  and  Tribune, 
a  republican   newspaper,   published   at   Jonesboro,   of   which   he 
has  been  the  editor  and  proprietor  since.    In  1882  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  republican  state  committee  and  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  said  committee  for  eight  years,  two  of  which  he  was  its 
chairman.     He  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Jonesboro  in  1881. 
He  was  a  delegate  from   the   state   at   large   to  the   republican 
national  convention  of  1884,  and  favored  the  nomination  of  James 
G.  Elaine ;  and  was  unanimausly  selected  at  that  time  by  the 
delegation  from  his  state  as  Tennessee's  member  of  the  national 
committee.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty- 
seventh,    fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth    congresses    as    a 
protectionist  republican.    He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  Tennessee  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Jonesboro,  Tenn. 

421.  Austin,  Richard  W.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
second  district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1857,  in  Decatur, 
Ala.     In  1887  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  the 
university  of  Tennessee ;  and  in  1881  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  from  the  Columbian  law  school  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  practiced  law  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. ;  and  was  manager  of  the 
Knoxville  Daily  Chronicle.    For    eight    years    he    was    United 
States  marshal  for  the  eastern  district  of  Tennessee;  and  in  1906- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  541 

08  was  American  consul  to  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  1909-11 ;  he 
was  a  representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  sixty-first  congress ; 
and  resides  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

422.  Moon,  John  Austin,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  o£  Tennessee,  was  born  April  22,  1855,  in  Albemarle 
county,  Va.     In  1881-82  he  was  attorney  for  the  city  of  Chatta 
nooga,  Tenn.,  and  was  special  circuit  judge  in  1889-91.     He  was 
apointed  as  regular  judge  for  the  fourth  circuit,  and  held  under 
this  commission  until  1892,  when  he  was  elected  circuit  judge; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1894  for  a  term  of  eight  years.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth   congresses.     He  was   re-elected   to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  district  of  Tennessee  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

423.  Hull,  Cordell,  United  States  congressman  from  the  fourth 
district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1871,  in  Overton  county, 
Tenn.    In  1903-07  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Tennessee. 
He  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  fourth  district 
of  Tennessee  for  the  term  of  1907-09 ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first   congress   as   a   democrat ;   and   resides   in   Crossville, 
Tenn. 

424.  Houston,  William  Cannon,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  March  17,  1852,  in 
Bedford  county,  Tenn.     He  was  educated  at  Woodbury,  Tenn. 
He  was  reared  a  farmer,  and  had  a  year  or  two's  experience 
running  a  country  newspaper.     He  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  in  1876-84.     He  was  democratic  elector  in  1888 ;  and  cir 
cuit  judge  in  1894.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  six 
tieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Tennessee  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Woodbury,  Tenn. 

425.  Byrns,  Joseph  W.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
sixth  district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  July  20,  1869,  near  Cedar 
Hill,  Tenn.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
county;  and  he  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Van- 
derbilt  university  at  Nashville,  Tenn.    He  at  once  attained  promi 
nence  as  a  noted  lawyer  of  Nashville,  Tenn.     In   1895-97  and 
1899  he  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  house  of  representatives  ; 
and  in  1899  was  a  speaker  of  the  house.    In  1901  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Tennessee  state  senate ;  and  in  1904  was  a  democratic 
elector.     In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative  from  Tennessee  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Nashville. 
Tenn. 


542  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

426.  Padgett,   Lemuel   Phillips,   United    States   congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1855, 
in  Columbia,  Tenn.     Since  1879  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  in  Columbia,  Tenn.     In  1896  he  was  elected 
to  the  Tennessee  state  senate.     ELe  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
seventh,   fifty-eighth,    fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth    congresses    from 
Tennessee  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress   from    the    seventh   district   of   Tennessee   fcr   term   of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Columbia,  Tenn. 

427.  Sims,  Thetus  Willrette,  United  States  congressman  from 
the   eighth   district  of  Tennessee,  was   bom  April   25,   186?,   in 
Wayne  county,  Tenn.     In  LS82-S1-  was  county  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  for  Perry  county,  Tenn.    He  wa^  a  member   cf 
the    fifty -fifth,    fifty-sixth,    fifty-seventh,    fifty-eighth,    fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the   sixty-first   congress   from   ihe   eighth   district   of   Tennessee 
for  the  term  of  1909-11;  arc-  resides  in  Linden,  Tenn. 

428.  Garrett,  Finis  James,  United  States  congressman   from 
the  ninth  district  of  Tennessee,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1875,  near 
Ore  Springs,  Tenn.     In  1897  he  graduated  from  P>ethel  college 
of  Tennessee ;  and  for  several  years  taught  in  the  city  schools  of 
Milan,  Tenn.    In  1899  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  1900- 
05  was  master  in  chancery.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth 
and   sixtieth   congresses.      He   was   re-elected   to   the   sixty-first 
congress  from  the  ninth  district  of  Tennessee  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Dresden,  Tenn. 

429.  Gordon,   George   Washington,   United   States   congress 
man   from   the   tenth   district  of  Tennessee,   was  born   in   Giles 
county,  Tenn.,  and   reared   chiefly   in    Mississippi    and    Texas; 
received  a  collegiate  education  and  was  graduated  at  the  West 
ern   Military   Institute,   Nashville,  Tenn.,  in   the   class   of  1859, 
receiving  there  about  the  same  military  education  and  training 
as  were  then  given  at  the   national  military  academy  at  West 
Point;  practiced  civil  engineering  till  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war;   enlisted   in   the   military   service   of   the   state   of  Tennes 
see  in  June,  1861,  in  the  capacity  of  drillmaster  of  the  eleventh 
Tennessee    infantry    regiment    and    was    soon    thereafter   trans 
ferred  with  the  other  Tennessee  troops  to  the  military  service 
of  the  confederate  states  of  America ;  was  successively  a  captain, 
lieutenant-colonel,   and    colonel    of   this   regiment,   and    in    186-1 
was   made   a   brigadier-general   and   served   with   that   rank   till 
the  close  of  the  war.     Though  captured  three  times  and  once 
dangerously    wounded    he    participated     in     every     engagement 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  543 

fought  by  his  command  except  those  at  Nashville,  Term.,  and 
Bentonville,  N.  C,  at  which  times  he  wasia  prisoner  at  Fort 
Warren,  Mass.,  where  he  was  held  till  August,  1865,  several 
months  after  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon  his  release  from 
prison  he  studied  law  and  practiced  that  profession  until  1883, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  railroad  commissioners  of 
the  state ;  in  1885  received  an  appointment  in  the  interior  de 
partment  of  the  United  States  -government,  and  served  during 
Cleveland's  first  term,  four  years,  in  the  Indian  country ;  then 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  till  1892,  when  he  was  elected 
superintendent  of  the  Memphis  city  schools,  which  position  he 
held  until  March,  1907,  when  he  resigned  to  take  his  seat  in 
congress.  He  is  now  major-general  commanding  the  Tennes 
see  division  of  the  federation  of  united  confederate  veterans, 
having  been  annually  elected  to  this  position  for  the  last  eight 
years ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Memphis, 
Tenn. 

430.  Culberson,     Charles     A.,  United    States    senator    from 
Texas,   was   born   June    10,    1855,   in   Dadeville,    Ala.      He   was 
governor  of  Texas  in  1894-98.     He  is  the  eldest  son  of  David 
B.  Culberson,  for  twenty-two  years  a  member  of  congress  from 
Texas.     Since  1899  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1905-11;  and  resides  in 
Dallas,  Texas.. 

431.  Bailey,  Joseph  Welden,     United     States     senator  from 
Texas,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1863,  in  Copiah  county,  Miss.     He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1883  and  served  as  a  district  elector  on 
the   Cleveland   and   Hendricks   ticket   in   1884.     He   removed   to 
Texas  in  1885  and  located  in  Gainesville.     He  served  as  elector 
for  the   state   at-large   on   the   democratic   ticket   in    1888 ;   was 
elected  to  the  fifty-second,  fifty-third,  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth  and 
fifty-sixth  congresses  as  a   democrat.     Since   1901  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  United  States  senate  and  is  now  serving  the 
term  ending  in  1913  ;  and  resides  in  Gainsville,  Texas. 

432.  Shepherd,  Morris,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
first  district  of  Texas,  was  born  May  28,   1875,  in  Wheatville, 
Tex.     He  entered  the  university  of  Texas  in   1891,  taking  the 
degrees  of  A.   B.  and   LL.   B.     He  was   Columbus  day  orator, 
university  of  Texas.     He  entered  Yale  university  in  1897,  tak 
ing  the  degree  of  LL.  *M.  in  1898.     He  was  elected  sovereign 
banker,  or  national  treasurer,  Woodmen  of  the  World  in  1899, 
and  re-elected  at  Milwaukee  in  1903.     He  was  elected  the  first 


544  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

president  of  the  Texas  fraternal  congress  at  Dallas,  1901 ;  was 
representative  of  Texas  fraternal  congress  in  national  fraternal 
congress  at  Milwaukee  in  1903.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from 
Texas  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  Texas  for  the  term  if  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Texarkana,  Tex. 

433.  Dies,   Martin,   United     States    congressman     from    the 
second    district   of    Texas;    was    born    in    Jackson    Parish,    La., 
March    13,   1870 ;   moved   to   Texas   with   his    parents   in    1876 ; 
received  the  rudiments  of  an   English   education   in   the   public 
schools  of  Texas;  was  married  in   1892;  elected   county  judge 
of  Tyler  county   in   1894 ;   elected   district  attorney  of  the  first 
judicial  district  of  Texas  in  1898 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  as  a  democrat ;  and  resides  in  Beaumont,  Texas. 

434.  .Russell,  Gordon,  United   States  congressman   from   the 
third  district  of  Texas,  was  born  in  Huntsville,  Ala.     He  was 
elected  county  judge  of  Van  Zandt  county  in  1884;  in  1892-96 
he  was  district  atorney  of  the  seventh  judicial  district  of  Texas. 
In  1896-1904  was  district  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial  district 
of  Texas.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat ;  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  third  district  of  Texas 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Tyler,  Tex. 

435.  Randell,    Choice    Boswell,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  fourth  district  of  Texas,  was  born    Jan.   1,    1857,    in 
Georgia.    In  1879  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Texas.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  six 
tieth  congresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fourth  district  of  Texas  for 
the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Sherman,  Texas. 

436.  Beall,  Jack.     United  States  congressman  from  the  fifth 
district  of  Texas,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1866,  in  Ellis  county,  Texas. 
In  1884-85  he  taught  school ;  and  since  1890  has  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law.     For  three  years  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  Texas  state  legislature ;  and  for  four  years  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Texas  state  senate.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
eighth,   fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses    from    Texas    as   a 
democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  the 
term  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Waxahachie,  Tex. 

437.  Hardy,   Rufus,   United   States    congressman    from    the 
sixth    district   of   Texas,   was   born    Dec.    16,    1855,   in    Monroe 
county,  Miss.;   educated   in  common  schools   (not  public),  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  645 

Somerville  institute,  Mississippi,  and  through  the  junior  year 
literary  course,  university  of  Georgia;  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1875,  and  has  practiced  law  from  that  date;  was  elected  county 
attorney  of  Navarro  county,  Tex.,  in  1880  and  1882;  district 
attorney,  thirteenth  judicial  district,  1884  and  1886;  district 
judge  of  the  same  district,  1888  and  1892;  retired  from  the 
bench,  December,  1896 ;  was  chairman  of  the  Texas  Sound 
Money  Democracy  in  1896 ;  married  in  1881 ;  was  elected  to  the 
sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as 
a  democrat;  and  resides  in  Corsicana,  Texas. 

438.  Gregg,   Alexander   White,   United   States   congressman 
from  the  seventh  district  of  Texas,  was  born   in  Texas.     He 
graduated  from  King  college  at  Bristol,  Tenn.,  and  afterwards 
attended  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Virginia.    He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  Texas  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Palestine,  Tex. 

439.  Moore,  John  Matthew,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  eighth  district  of  Texas,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1862,  in  Rich 
mond,  Texas.     He   was   educated   in   the  common   schools  of 
Richmond  and  attended  two  sessions  of  the  agricultural   and 
mechanical  college  of  Bryan,  Tex.     He  obtained  his  business 
training  in  the  mercantile,  banking,  stock  raising  and  farming 
businesses,  and  at  present  is  a  cattle  raiser  and  planter.     He 
was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  in  1896.    He  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighth  district  of  Texas  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Tex. 

440.  Burgess,  George  Fanner,  United    States    congressman 
from  the  ninth  district  of  Texas,  was  born  Sept.  21,  1861,  in 
Wharton,  Texas.    He  is  a  successful  lawyer  of  Gonzales,  Texas. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat.     He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  ninth  district  of 
Texas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Gonzales,  Tex. 

441.  Burleson,  Albert   Sidney,  United    States    congressman 
from  the  tenth  district  of  Texas,  was  born  June  7,  1863,  in  San 
Marcos,  Texas.     For  eight  years  he  was  district  attorney.    He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty- 
ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat.     He 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  tenth  district 
of  Texas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Austin,  Tex. 


546  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

442.  Henry,   Robert  Lee,   United   States   congressman    from 
the  eleventh  district  of  Texas,  was  born  May  12,  1864,  in  Linden, 
Tex.     In  1890  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Texarkana,  Tex. ;  and 
resigned  to  accept  the  office  assistant  attorney-general.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses   as  a  democrat.   He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eleventh  district  of 
Texas  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Waco,  Tex. 

443.  Gillespie,    Oscar   William,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  twelfth  district  of  Texas,  was  born  June  20,  1858,  in 
Clarke  county,  Miss.     He  graduated  from  Mansfield  college  of 
Texas;  and  in  1886  began  the  practice  of  law.     In  1886-88  he 
was  assistant  county  attorney  of  Tarrant  county,  Texas.     He 
was  a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  twelfth  district  of  Texas  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Fprt  Worth,  Tex. 

444.  Stephens,  John  Hall,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  thirteenth   district  of  Texas,  was   bcrn   in   Shelby   county, 
Texas.    In  1872  he  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  Cum 
berland  university  at  Lebanon,  Tenn.     Since  then  he  has  prac 
ticed  law  in  Texas ;  and  served  two  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and 
sixtieth  congresses  from  Texas  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  thirteenth  district  of  Texas 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Vernon,  Tex. 

445.  Slayden,    James    L.,   United    States    congressman    from 
the  fourteenth   district  of  Texas,   was  born   June   1,    1853  ,   in 
Graves    county,   Ky.     He   was   a   member   of   the   twenty-third 
legislature  of  Texas  in  1892 ;  and  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and 
sixtieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con- 
grsss   from   the   fourteenth   district   of  Texas   for  the   term   of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

446.  Garner,  John  Nance,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifteenth  district  of  Texas,  was  born  Nov.  22,  1869,  in  Red 
River  county,  Tex.     He  served  as  judge  of  Uvalde  county  for 
four  years ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  house  of  repre 
sentatives  for  four  years ;  and  was  a   delegate  to   the  national 
democratic    convention    at    Kansas    City    in    1900 ;    and    to    the 
national  democratic  convention  at  St.  Louis  in  1904.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses 
from  Texas  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  fifteenth  district  of  Texas  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Uvalde,  Texas. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  547 

447.  Smith,  William  Robert,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  sixteenth  district  of  Texas,  was  born  Aug.  18,  1863,  in  Smith 
county,  Texas.    He  was  educated  in  the  country  schools  of  that 
county  and  at  the  Sam  Houston  normal  institute  at  Huntsville, 
Tex.,  graduating  from  that  institution  in  1883.     He  practiced 
law  in   Tyler  until   1888.     In   1897-1902   he  was   judge  of  the 
thirty-second  judicial  district  of  Texas.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Texas 
as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  sixteenth  district  of  Texas  for  the  term  of  1909-11; 
and  resides  in  Colorado,  Texas. 

448.  Smoot,  Reed,  United   States  senator    from    Utah,  was 
born  Jan.  10,  1862,  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.    He  was  educated 
at  the  state  university  and  Brigham  Young  academy,  being  a 
graduate  of  the  latter  institution.     He  is  a  banker  and  woolen 
manufacturer.     In   1903   he   was   elected   to   the   United   States 
senate ;  and  in  1909  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1915 ; 
and  resides  in  Provo  City,  Utah. 

449.  Sutherland,  George,  United  States  senator  from  Utah, 
was   born   March   25,   1862,   in   Buckinghamshire,   England ;   re 
ceived  a  common  school  and  academic  education ;  studied  law 
at  the  University   of   Michigan,  being  admitted   to  practice   in 
the  supreme  court  of  that  State  in  March,   1883,  and  has  fol 
lowed  the  practice  of  law  continuously  since  that  date ;  was  state 
senator   from   the   sixth    (Utah)    senatorial   district   in   the   first 
state  legislature ;  was  delegate  to  the  republican  national  con 
ventions  of  1900  and  1904 ;  was  elected  to  the  fifty-seventh  con 
gress  ;  declined  renomination  to  the  fifty-eighth  ;  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  by  the  Utah  legislature  for  the  term 
beginning  March  4,  1905.     His  term  of  service  will  expire  March 
3,  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Salt   Lake  City,  Utah. 

450.  Howell,    Joseph,    United     States     congressman-at-large 
from  Utah,  was  born  in  1857,  in  Box  Elder  county,  Utah.    For 
many  years  he  taught  school  in  Wellsville,  Utah ;  and  then  for 
many  years  was  superintendent  of  the  Wellsville  Co-op,  a  large 
mercantile   establishment.    During  this   time   he   served   several 
terms   in  both   houses  of  the   territorial   and   state  legislatures. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention,  which  pro 
vided  for  statehood.     He  was  twice  elected  mayor  of  Wellsville, 
Utah ;  and  served  on  the  governing  boards  of  the  two  foremost 
educational  institutions  of  Utah.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
eighth,   fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses-at-large   from   Utah 
as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 


548  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

from  Utah  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Logan,  Utah. 

451.  Dillingham,  William  Paul,  United  States  senator  from 
Vermont,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1843,  in  Waterbury,  Vt.    In  1876 
and  1884  he  was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  legislature;  state 
senator  in  1878-80;  and  commissioner  of  state  taxes  in  1882-88. 
In  1888-90  he  was  governor  of  Vermont.    In  1903  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  terms  ending  in  1915;  and 
resides  in  Waterbury,  Vt. 

452.  Page,  Carroll  Smalley,  United  States  senator  from  Ver 
mont,  was  born  at  Westfield,  Vt.,  January  10,  1843.   He  received 
an  academic  education.    His  principal  business  has  been  that  of 
dealer   in   raw   calfskins ;   is  president   of   the   Lamoille  county 
savings  bank  and  trust  company  and  of  Lamoille  county  national 
bank,  both  of  Hyde  Park;  is  a  director  of  the  Swanton  savings 
bank  and  trust  company,  of  Swanton,  Vt.,  and  of  several  lumber 
and  other  corporations ;  is  LL.  D.  of  Norwich  university     He 
represented  Hyde  Park  in  the  house  of  representatives  1869  to 
1872,   and   Lamoille   county  in  the   state   senate   1874  to  1876; 
was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  republican  state  committee  for 
eighteen  years — from   1872   to   1890 — and  during  the  last  four 
years  was  its  chairman ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national 
convention  in  1880 ;  savings  banks  examiner  1884  to  1888 ;  gov 
ernor  of  the  state,  1890  to  1892 ;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
senate  October  21,  1908,  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Hon.  Redfield  Proctor.   His  term  of  service  will  expire  March 
3,  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Hyde  Park,  Vt. 

453.  Foster,  David  Johnson,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Vermont,  was  born  June  27,  1857,  in  Barnet, 
Vt.    In  1886-90  he  was  states  attorney  of  Chittenden  county,  Vt. 
In   1892-94  he  was   state   senator.     He   was   a  member  of  the 
fifty-seventh,    fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth    and     sixtieth     congresses 
from  Vermont  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  first  district  of  Vermont  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

454.  Plumley,  Frank,  United   States  congressman  from   the 
second  district  of  Vermont,  was  born  in  Eden,  Vt.,  Dec.  17, 1844 ; 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  academies,  and  by  private 
tutors,  with   one  year  at  the   Michigan   university   in  the   law 
department ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  Lamoille  county 
(Vt.)   court,   May,   1869,  and  came  immediately   to  Northfield, 
where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession;  was  state's  attorney 
of  Washington  county,  1876  to  1880,  inclusive ;  district  attorney 
of  the  United  States  for  the  district  of  Vermont  from  1889  to 
1894;  was  appointed  second  member  of  the  Vermont  court  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  549 

claims  in  1902,  elected  as  chief  judge  in  1904,  and  re-elected  in 
1906 ;  was  appointed  umpire  by  President  Roosevelt  in  1903  oi 
the  mixed  commissions  of  Great  Britain  and  Venezuela,  and 
Holland  and  Venezuela  sitting,  in  Caracas ;  was  later  selected 
by  France  and  by  Venezuela  as  umpire  in  the  French-Venezuela 
mixed  commission,  which  sat  in  Northfield  in  1905 ;  has  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  D. ;  is  trustee  of  and  lecturer 
on  international  law  at  Norwich  university ;  was  elected  to  the 
Vermont  house  of  representatives  in  1882,  serving  on  the 
judiciary  committee  and  the  committee  of  the  insane,  and  in 
1894  was  elected  to  the  Vermont  senate,  of  which  he  was  pro 
tempore  president,  and  served  on  the  committees  of  the 
judiciary,  of  rules,  and  was  chairman  of  the  joint  committee  on 
temperance ;  was  delegate-at-large  to  the  republican  national 
convention  at  Chicago  in  1888,  and  a  member  of  the  committee 
on  platform ;  was  chairman  of  the  Vermont  republican  conven 
tion  in  1886 ;  in  1884  was  sent  by  the  republican  national  com 
mittee  to  Michigan  as  a  political  orator,  and  was  returned  to 
that  state  by  the  national  committee  for  the  same  purpose  in 
1888,  1892,  and  1896,  and  was  called  into  the  state  by  the  repub 
lican  state  committee  as  an  orator  in  the  state  campaigns  of 
1886  and  1890;  has  been  married,  but  is  now  a  widower;  for 
many  years  has  been  trustee  of  the  Northfield  savings  bank  and 
is  now  vice-president.  He  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Northfield,  Vt. 

455.  Daniel,  John  Warwick,  United  States  senator  from  Vir 
ginia,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1842,  in  Lynchburg,  Va,     He  entered 
the  confederate  army  in  1861,  and  served  throughout  the  civil 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  major  and  adjutant-general.    In  1875 
he  was  elected  a  state  senator,  and  was  re-elected  in  1879.    In 
1881  he  resigned  the  office  of  state  senator,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1879,  resigned  the  office  of  state  senator  to  accept  the  nomina 
tion  of  the  democratic  party  for  governor  of  Virginia ;  but  was 
defeated  at  the  election.    In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  forty-ninth  congress.     He  is  the  author    -f 
Attachments  Under  the  Code  of  Virginia ;  and  Negotiable  Instru 
ments.     Since  1887  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  States 
senate  and  is  serving  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Lynch 
burg,  Va. 

456.  Martin,  Thomas   Staples,  United  States    senator    from 
Virginia,  was  born  July  29,  1847,  in  Scottsville.  Va.   Though  not 
a  regularly  enlisted  soldier,  a  considerable  part  of  the  time  while 
he  was  a  cadet  at  the  Virginia  military  institute  was  spent  in  the 


550  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

military  service  of  the  confederate  states  with  the  battalion  of 
cadets  of  the  institute.  Since  1869  he  has  devoted  himself  closely 
to  law ;  for  a  number  of  years  has  been  a  member  of  the  board 
of  visitors  of  the  Miller  manual  labor  school  of  Albemarle 
county ;  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  visitors  of  the  university 
of  Virginia.  Since  1895  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United 
States  senate'  his  present  term  ending  in  1913  ;  and  resides  in 
Scottsville,  Va. 

457.  Jones,  William  Atkinson,    United   States    congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Virginia,  was  born  March  21,  1849,  in 
Warsaw,  Va.  He  entered  the  Virginia  military  institute,  where 
he  remained  until  the  evacuation  of  Richmond  serving  as  occa 
sion  required  with  the  cadets  in  the  defense  of  that  city.     He 
entered  the  academic  department  of  the  university  of  Virginia, 
from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B. 
L.  in  1870.     He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870 ;  and  has  con 
tinued  to  practice  law  since ;  was  a  delegate-at-large  from  his 
state  to  the  national  democratic  convention   in   1896 ;  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Virginia  delegation   in  that  body.     He  was  a 
member   of   the    fifty-second,    fifty-third,    fifty-fourth,    fifty-fifth, 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as  a  democrat ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  Virginia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ; 
and  resides  in  Warsaw,  Va. 

458.  Maynard,  Harry  Lee,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Virginia,  was  born  June  8,  1861,  in  Ports 
mouth,  Va.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Virginia  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  second 
district    of   Virginia   for   the    term    of    1909-11 ;    and    resides    in 
Portsmouth,  Va. 

459.  Lamb,  John,  United  States  congressman  from  the  third 
district  of  Virginia,  was  born  June  12,  1840,  in  Sussex  county, 
Va.    At  the  first  alarm  of  war  in  1860  he  went  to  the  front  as 
a  volunteer  in  the  Charles  City  troop ;  and  served  through  the 
entire  war  with  distinguished  gallantry.     After  the  war  he  re 
turned  to  his  native  county  and  took  up  the  business  of  farm 
ing;  was  soon  elected  sheriff  of  his  county,  and  subsequently 
served  his  people  as  treasurer,  surveyor  and  chairman  of  the 
county  democratic  committee.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fifth, 
fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  con 
gresses  as   a   democrat.     He   was   re-elected   to   the   sixty-first 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  551 

congress  from  the  third  district  of  Virginia  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Va. 

460.  Lassiter,  Francis   Rives,     United   States     congressman 
from  the  fourth   district  of  Virginia,  was  born  at   Petersburg, 
Va.,  Feb.  18,  1866;  graduated  in  several  academic  schools,  uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  1883-84,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
from    the    university   of   Virginia,    1886 ;    was    admitted    to    the 
Suffolk  bar,  Boston,  Mass.,  1887,  and  to  the  Virginia  bar  in  1888, 
and  has  continued  to  practice   law  since ;  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  democratic  state  central  committee;  was  elected 
city  attorney  of  Petersburg  in  1888  and  re-elected  in  1890  and 
1892 ;  was  a  presidential  elector  in  1894 ;  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia  in  1893  and 
resigned    in    1896;    was    appointed   supervisor   for    the     twelfth 
census  of  the  fourth  district  of  Virginia  in  1899 ;  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-sixth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  re-elected  to  the 
fifty-seventh  congress ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  with 
out  opposition ;  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  dem 
ocrat  ;  and  resides  in  Petersburg,  Va. 

461.  Saunders,   Edward   Watts,   United   States   congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  Virginia,  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Va.,  Oct.  25,  1860,  and  has  Uways  resided  in  that  county ;  was 
educated  at  home,  at  the  Bellevue  high  school  of  Bedford  county, 
and  at  the  university  of  Virginia,  where  he  graduated  in  the  ses 
sion  of  1881-82,  as  bachelor  of  laws ;  was  associated  with  Prof. 
F.  P.  Brent  in  the  conduct  of  a  high  school  at  Onancock,  Acco- 
mac  county ;  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Rocky  Mount  in  1882, 
and  in  1887  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  and  re-elected 
successively  for  seven  terms ;  served  as  chairman  of  the  com 
mittees  on  privileges  and  elections  and  courts  of  justice ;  in  1899 
was  elected  speaker  of  the  house  and  retained  that  position  until 
elected  speaker  of  the  house  and  retained    that    position  until 
elected  judge  of  the  fourth  circuit  court  in    1901 ;    under    the 
operation  of  the  new  constitution  he  became  judge  of  the  seventh 
circuit,  and  while  serving  in  that  position  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy  in  the  fifty-ninth  congress,  and  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  democrat;  and 
resides  in  Rocky  Mount,  Va. 

462.  Glass,  Carter,  United  States  congressman  from  the  sixth 
district  of  Virginia,  was  born  Jan.  4,  1858,  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 
He  was  educated  in  private  and  public  schools ;  and  in  the  news 
paper  business.    He  owns  The  Daily  News,  and  The  Daily  Ad 
vance.    In  1899-1903  he  was  a  member  of  Virginia  state  senate 


552  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  in  1901  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  constitutional  con 
vention.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth, 
fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Virginia  as  a  democrat. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  and  resides  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 

463.  Hay,   James,    United     States    congressman     from    the 
seventh  district  of  Virginia,  v/as  born  Jan.  9,  1856,  in  Millwood, 
Va.     He  was  elected  attorney  for  the  commonwealth  in  1883, 
and  re-elected  to  that  office  in  1887,  1891,  and  1895.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  delegates  of  Virginia  in  1885-90;  and 
was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  1893.     He  was  a  member  rf 
the   fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,   fifty-seventh,    fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  democrat.    He  was  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  Virginia  for  the 
term  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Madison,  Va. 

464.  Carlin,  Charles  Creighton,  United   States  congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  Virginia,  was  born  April  8,  1866,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.    He  graduated  from  the  national  law  university ; 
and  was  postmaster  of  Alexandria  for  four  years.     In  1904  he 
was  a  presidential  elector.     In  1907-09  he  was  a  representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  sixtieth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress;  and  resides  in  Alex 
andria,  Va. 

465.  Slemp,  Campbell,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
ninth  district  of  Virginia,  was  born  Dec.  2,  1839,  in  Lee  county, 
Va.    He  has  been  a  farmer  most  of  his  life,  being  also  engaged 
in  the  live-stock  business   and   in   trading  in   coal   and  timber 
lands.     He  was  a  student  at  Emory  and  Henry  college  of  Vir 
ginia.     He  served  in  the  confederate  army  as  captain  and  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  the  twenty-first  Virginia  battalion ;  and  colonel 
of  the   sixty-fourth   regiment,   which   was    both    infantry    and 
cavalry.    He  was  elector  on  the  Harrison  ticket  in  1888 ;  and  on 
the  McKinley  ticket  in  1896.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty- 
eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from   Virginia  as  a 
republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from 
the   ninth    district   of   Virginia   for   the   term    of    1909-11 ;   and 
resides  in  Big  Stone  Gap,  Va. 

466.  Flood,    Henry   Delaware,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  tenth  district  of  Virginia,  was  born  Sept.  2,  1865,  in 
Appomattox,  Va.   He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  schools  of  Appomattox  and  Richmond ;  and  graduated  from 
the  Washington  and  Lee  university  and  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia.    In  1887-91  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Virginia  house 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  553 

of  delegates;  and  in  1891  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
senate;  and  subsequently  was  the  democratic  nominee  for  con 
gress,  but  was  defeated  by  a  majority  of  only  forty-eight.  He 
has  attained  success  as  an  able  lawyer  of  his  native  city ;  and  has 
served  with  distinction  as  commonwealth  attorney  of  his  county. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Virginia  as  a  democrat  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  tenth  district  of 
Virginia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Appomattox, 
Va. 

467.  Piles,  Samuel  Henry,  United  States  senator  from  Wash 
ington,  was  born  Dec.  28,  1858,  in  Livingston  county,  Ky.     He 
was  educated  at  private  schools  at  Smithland,  Ky.    In  1882  he 
located  in  the  territory  of  Washington ;  in   1886   moved   for  a 
short  time  to  Spokane,  and  later  the  same  year  to  Seattle,  where 
he  has  ever  since  resided  and  practiced  law.     In  1887-1889  he 
was  assistant  prosecuting  attorney ;  and  in  1888-89  was  city  at 
torney  of  Seattle.     He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate 
for  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

468.  Jones,  Wesley  L.,  United   States  senator  from   Wash 
ington,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1863,  near  Bethany,  111.  He  graduated 
from  the  southern  Illinois  college  at  Enfield.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth  and  fifty-ninth  con 
gresses  from  Washington  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixtieth  congress-at-large  from  Washington  for  the  term 
of  1907-09 ;  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  for  the 
term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  North  Yakima,  Wash. 

469.  Humphrey,  William  E.,  United     States     congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  Washington,  was  born  March  31,  1862, 
near  Alamo,  Montgomery  county,    Ind.     He    graduated    from 
Wabash  college  of  Crawfordsville,  Ind. ;  and  practiced  law  at 
Crawfordsville   to  1893.     In   1893   removed   to   Seattle,   Wash., 
where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession ;  in  1898-1902  he  was 
corporation  counsel  of  the  city  of  Seattle,  Wash.    He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from 
Washington  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  Washington  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Seattle,  W7ash. 

470.  Cushman,  Francis  Wv  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Washington,  was  born  May  8,  1867,  in 
Brighton,  Iowa.    Since  1891  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  in  Tacoma,  Wash.    He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  Washington 


554  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  Washington  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Tacoma, 
Wash. 

471.  Poindexter,  Miles,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third  district  of  Washington,  was  born  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  April 
22,    1868 ;   was   educated   at    Fancy    Hill   Academy,   Rockbridge 
county,  Va.,  and  at  Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lexington, 
Va.,  in  both  the  academic  and  law  departments,  and  took  the  de 
gree  of  B.  L,  in  that  institution,  June,  1891 ;  October  10,  1891, 
located  at  Wallawalla,  Wrash.,  and  began  the  practice  of  law ; 
in  November,  1892,  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Walla- 
walla  county ;  in  June,   1892,   married   Elizabeth   Gale  Page,  of 
Wallawalla;  October  10,  1897,  moved  from  Wallawalla  to  Spo 
kane;  for  six  years  was  assistant  prosecuting  attorney  for  Spo 
kane  county,   until   elected  judge  of  the   superior  court   of   the 
district,  in  November,  1904 ;  remained  upon  the  bench  from  that 
time  until   nominated  for  congress   in  the  newly  created  third 
district  at  the  primary  election,  September  8,  1908 ;  was  elected  to 
the  sixty-first  congress,  as  a  republican;  and  resides  in  Spokane, 
Wash. 

472.  Elkins,    Stephen    Benton,    United    States    senator    from 
West  Virginia,  was  born  Sept.  26,  1841,  in  Perry  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  legislative  assembly  of  New 
Mexico  in  1864  and  1865.     He  held  the  offices  of  territorial  dis 
trict  attorney,  attorney-general,  and  United  States  district  attor 
ney;  was  elected  to  the  forty-third  congress  as  a  republican,  and 
while  abroad  was  re-nominated  and  elected  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress.    After  leaving  congress  he  removed  to  West  Virginia 
and  devoted  himself  to  business  affairs ;  was  secretary  of  war 
in  1891-94.     Since   1894  he  has  been   a   member  of  the  United 
States  senate ;  his  present  term  ending  in  1913  ;  and  resides  in 
Elkins,  W.  Va. 

473.  Scott,  Nathan  Bay,  United  States  senator  from   West 
Virginia,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1842,  in  Guernsey  county,  Ohio.    In 
1862-65  he  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  civil  war.    He  then  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  glass  at  Wheeling,  W.  Va. ;  is  president 
of  the  Central  glass  works ;  and  president  of  the  Dollar  Savings 
bank.     In  1882-90  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia 
state  senate.     He  is  a  member  of  the  republican  national  com 
mittee  from  West  Virginia  for  term  of  1904-08.    He  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  of  1899-1905 ;  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Wheeling, 
W.  Va. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  555 

474.  Hubbard,  William  Pallister,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  first  district  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  in  that  city 
December  24,  1843 ;  was  educated  in  public  schools  and  at  Linsly 
Institute,  of  Wheeling,  and  Wesleyan  University,  Middletown, 
Conn.,  where  he  graduated  in  186'' ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1864,  and  has  since  practiced  law  in  WThee!iri£,  served  in  the 
Union  army  in  1865;  was  clerk  <i  the  Y/est  Virginia  house  of 
delegates,  1866  to  1870 ;  member  of  the  house  of  delegates  and  of 
its  committee  to  revise  the  general  statutes,  1881  and  1882 ;  dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  national  convention  in  1888 ;  was  the  Re 
publican  candidate  for  attorney-general  of  West  Virigina  in  1888, 
and  defeated ;  Republican  candidate  for  congress   in   1890,  and 
defeated ;  chairman  of  the  commission  to  revise  tax  laws   of  West 
Virginia  1901  to  1903;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress  and 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican  ;  and  resides 
in  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

475.  Sturgiss,  George  Cookman,  United  States  congressman 
from  the  second  district  of  W^est  Virginia,  was  born  in  Poland, 
Mahoning  county,  Ohio ;  moved  to  Morgantown,  Va.  (now  West 
Viriginia),  in  Nov.  1859;  was  a  student  at  Monongalia  academy 
and  taught  in  that  school  for  a  short  time.     He  read  law  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  Waitman  T.  Willey,  a  United  States  senator  un 
der  the  restored  government  of  Virginia,  and  later  senator  from 
West    Virginia,   and   was    admitted   to   the   practice   of   law   in 
1863 ;  for  a  time  he  was  paymaster's  clerk  tinder  Maj.  James  V. 
Boughner,   paymaster   of   United   States   volunteers,   civil   war; 
served  two  terms  of  two  years  each  (1865-1869)  as  county  super 
intendent  of  free  schools ;  was  elected  three  times  a  member  of 
the  house  of  delegates  of  W.  Virginia,  serving  in  sessions  of  1870, 
1871-72 ;  was  twice  elected  and  served  as  prosecuting  attorney  of 
the  county  for  eight  years ;  in  1880  was  the  republican  nominee 
for  governor   of  the   state ;   in    1889   he   was   appointed   United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  West  Virginia  by  President 
Harrison ;  was  not  a  candidate  for  any  public  office  after  the  end 
of  his  term  as  district  attorney  until  elected  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress  ;  he  retired  from  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  in 
1897,  and  has  since  devoted  himself  to  promoting  various  indus 
trial  enterprises  in  Morgantown  and  its  vicinity.     He  organized 
the  Morgantown  and   Kingwood  Railroad  company,  and  built 
the  first  18  miles ;  was  secretary  and  director  of  the  Union  Util 
ity  company,  which  built  the  first  street  car  line  in   Morgan- 
town  ;  and  in  1906  built  and  owns  the  Sabraton  (electric)  rail 
way,  extending  from   Morgantown  to   Sabraton,  an   industrial 


556  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

suburb  created  by  him  and  situated  about  3  miles  from  Morga 
town.  Was  secretary  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  West  Vir 
ginia  university  for  thirteen  years,  and  president  of  that  board 
for  four  years;  was  the  first  president  of  the  state  board  of 
trade  and  of  the  state  association  for  the  promotion  of  good 
roads.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  for  the  term 
if  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

476.  Gaines,  Joseph  Holt,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  third  district  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1864,  in  the 
district   of  Columbia.     He  was   educated   at   the   university   of 
West  Virginia  and  Princeton,  graduating  from  the  latter  insti 
tution  in  1886.    He  was  appointed  United  States  district  attorney 
for  West  Virginia  by  President  McKinley  in  1897,  and  resigned 
in  1901.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fif 
ty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  from  West  Virginia  as  a  re 
publican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the   sixty-first   congress   from 
the  third  district  of  West  Virginia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and 
resides  in  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

477.  Woodyard,  Harry  C.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fourth  district  of  West   Virginia,  was  born  at  Spencer,  W. 
Va.,  Nov.  12,  1867;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools;  mar 
ried  Emma  Douglas  Kelley;  is  engaged  in  the  wholesale  groc 
ery  and  lumber  business ;  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  from 
the  fifth  senatorial  district  in  1898,  and  served  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  railroads  and  on  the  judiciary  committee ;  was 
a  candidate  for  nomination  for  congress  in  1900,  but  was  defeated 
in  convention  by  Hon.  James  A.  Hughes ;  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth,  and  sixtieth  congresses,  and  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Spen 
cer,  W.  Va. 

478.  Hughes,   James   Anthony,   United    States    congressman 
from  the  fifth  district  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  Feb.  27,  1861, 
in  Corunna,  Ontario.     He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Ashland, 
Ky.,  where  he  entered  on  a  business  career.     In  1887-88  he  was 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Kentucky ;  and  later  in  1894-98 
he  was  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  state  senate.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses  from  West  Virginia  as  a  republican.     He     was  re- 
elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  West 
Virginia  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Huntingdon, 
W.  Va. 

479.  La  Follette,  Robert  Marion,  United  States  senator  from 
Wisconsin,   was   born   June    14,    1855,    in    Primrose,    Wis.      In 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  557 

1874  he  graduated  from  the  state  university  of  Wisconsin ;  stud 
ied  law  in  that  institution  and  practiced  his  profession  in  Madi 
son,  Wis.  In  1880-84  he  was  district  attorney  for  Dane  county, 
Wis.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fiftieth,  and  fifty-first  congresses 
from  Wisconsin.  He  was  governor  of  the  state  of  Wisconsin  for 
the  term  of  1905-06.  He  is  United  States  senator  from  Wiscon 
sin  for  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Madison,  Wis. 

480.  Stephenson,  Isaac,  United  States  senator  from  Wiscon 
sin,  was  born  near  Firedericton,  York  county,  New  Brunswick, 
June  18,  1829 ;  received  a  common  schood  education ;  is  a  lum 
berman,  farmer,  and  banker;  mover  to  Wisconsin,  with  head 
quarters  at  Milwaukee,  in  1845,  and  for  twelve  years  engaged  in 
the  lumber  trade  at  Escanaba,  Mich. ;  in  the  spring  of  1858  moved 
to  Marinette  and  has  ever  since  resided  there ;  has  held  various 
local  offices,  and  in  1866  and  1868  was  a  member  of  the  Wiscon 
sin  legislature;  was  a  representative  from  the  ninth  district  of 
Wisconsin  in  the  forty-eighth,  forty-ninth,  and  fiftieth  congress 
es  ;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  May  17,  1907,  to  fill 
out  the   unexpired   term  of  Hon.   J.   C.   Spooner,   and  was   re- 
elected  in  1909.    His  term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1915 ; 
and  resides  in  Marinette,  Wis. 

481.  Cooper,  Henry  Allen,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  first  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  Walworth  county, 
Wis.    He  was  elected  district  attorney  of  Racine  county,  and  was 
re-elected  without  opposition  in  1882  and  1884.     He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  national  republican  convention  of  1884 ;  a  member  of 
the  board  of  education  of  the  city  of  Racine  in  1886-87,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  1887-89.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-third,      fifty-fourth,      fifty-fifth,      fifty-sixth,      fifty-seventh, 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses  as  a  republican. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  first  dis 
trict  of  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Racine, 
Wis. 

482.  Nelson,  John  Mandt,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  second  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Burke. 
Dane  county,  Wis.,  Oct.  10,  1870 ;  received  a  collegiate  education, 
graduating  from  the  University  of  Wisconsin  in  June,  1892 ;  was 
elected  superintendent  of  schools  in  Dane  county  in  1892  and 
re-elected  in  1894 ;  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  bookkeeper 
in  the   office   of  the   secretary   of  state   1894-1897;   edited   The 
State  1897-98;  correspondent  in  State  treasury  1898-1902;  was 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Wis 
consin,   1896 ;  pursued   post-graduate   studies   at  the  university 
1904-5 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  state  central  commit- 


558  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

tee  1902-1906;  is  by  profession  a  lawyer;  was  elected  to  the 
fifty-ninth  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy  and  to  the  sixtieth  congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and 
resides  in  Madison,  Wis. 

483.  Kopp,  Arthur  W.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
third   district   of   Wisconsin,   was   born    Feb.    28,    1874,   in    Big 
Patch,  Wis.     He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Grant 
county;  in  1895  graduated  from  the  state  normal  school  at  Platte- 
ville;    taught    school    for   three    years,    and    in    1890    graduated 
from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Wisconsin.     In 
1900  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Platteville,  Wis.,  and  served 
as  alderman  of  that  city.     For  two  terms  he  was  city  attorney; 
and  for  four  years  was  district  attorney  of  Grant  county.     In 
1909-11  he  was  representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  sixty-first 
congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Platteville,  Wis. 

484.  Gary,  William  Joseph,  United  States  congressman  fr»rn 
the  fourth  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  that  city  March 
22,  1865 ;  received  a  primary  education  in  the  public  schools,  and 
at  the  age  of  13  was  left  an  orphan  with  five  younger  children ; 
began  work  as  messenger  boy,  the  younger  children  being  placed 
in  an  orphan  asylum  ;  at  18  he   was  a  telegraph  operator,  and 
at  19  took  the  younger  children  from  the  asylum  and  gave  them 
a  home ;  was  married  in  1890 ;  elected  alderman  in  1900  and  re- 
elected  in  1902 ;  elected  sheriff  of  Milwaukee  county  in  1904  with 
a  plurality  of  11,000,  leading  his  ticket  by  3,000;  was  nominated 
for  congress  over  Hon.  Theabold  Otjen,  at  the  first  trial  of  the 
Wisconsin  primary  election  law,  and  elected  to  the  sixtieth  con 
gress ;  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican;  and 
resides  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

485.  Stafford,  William  H.,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  fifth  district  of  Wisconsin.     He  was  in  the  active  practice  of 
the  law  when  elected  to  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth 
congresses  from  Wisconsin  as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected 
to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  fifth   district  of  Wisconsin 
for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

486.  Weisse,   Charles   H.,  United   States   congressman   from 
the  sixth  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  Oct.  24,  1866,  in  She- 
boygan  Falls,  Wis.    He  is  a  manufacturer  of  leather.    He  was  a 
member  of  the  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth   and   sixtieth   congresses 
from  Wisconsin  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  sixth  district  of  Wisconsin  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis. 

487.  Esch,  John  Jacob,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
seventh  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  March  20,  1861,  near 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  559 

Norwalk,  Wis.  Since  1887  he  has  practiced  law  in  La  Crosse, 
Wis.  He  organized  the  Sparta  rifles,  afterwards  known  as  com 
pany  I,  third  regiment,  Wisconsin  national  guard,  and  was  com 
missioned  captain,  retaining  the  office  until  1887.  Upon  his  re 
moval  to  La  Crosse  he  helped  to  organize  company  M  of  the 
same  regiment,  being  first  lieutenant,  and  afterwards  captain ;  in 
January,  1894,  was  commissioned  acting  judge  advocate-general, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-sixth, 
fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congresses 
from  Wisconsin  as  a  republican.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty- 
first  congress  from  the  seventh  district  of  Wisconsin  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  La  Crosse,  Wis. 

488.  Davidson,   James    Henry,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  eighth  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  June  18,  1858, 
in  Colcester,  Delaware  county,  N.  Y.     He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Walton  academy.    He  taught  school ;  stud 
ied  law;  graduated  from  Albany  law  school  as  president  of  the 
class  in  1884  and  was  in  the  same  year  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
New  York.     He  subsequently  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  at  Princeton  in  1887.     In  1888  he 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Green  Lake  county ;  in  1893 
removed  to  Oshkosh  and  continued  the  practice  of  law  and  in 
1895  was  appointed  city  attorney.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,   fifty-eighth,   fifty-ninth   and 
sixtieth  congresses  from   Wisconsin  as  a  republican.     He  was 
re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  from  the  eighth  district  of 
Wisconsin  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Oshkosh,  Wis. 

489.  Kustermann,  Gustav,  United  States  congressman  from 
the  ninth  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  Detmod,  Germany, 
May   24,   1850;   received   his   education   at   the   academy   of   his 
native  city  (Gymnasium  Leopoldinum),  from  where  he  gradu 
ated  in  1864.    After  being  employed  for  several  years  in  a  whole 
sale  dry  goods  establishment  in  Hamburg,  Germany,  in   1868, 
he  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  settling  in  Green  Bay,  Wis., 
where  he  and  his  family  still  reside,  and  where  for  over  thirty- 
years  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business.     He  held  various 
public  positions,  and  from  1892  to  1896  served  as  post-master  in 
Green  Bay ;  in  1901  he  received  an  appointment  as  member  of 
the  State  board  of  control,  whose  president  he  was  from  1904  to 
1907 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Green  Bay, 
Wis. 

490.  Morse,  Elmer  Addison,  United  States  congressman  from 


560  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  tenth  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  at  Franksville,  Racine 
county,  Wis.,  May  11,  1870 ;  was  educated  in  the  district  schools 
of  Racine  county ;  then  entered  the  preparatory  school  of  Ripon 
college,  and  in  1893  graduated  from  the  college  proper,  receiv 
ing  the  degree  of  B.  A.;  that  year  was  elected  county  superin 
tendent  of  schools  of  Racine  county  and  re-elected  in  1895, 
serving  four  years;  then  entered  the  law  school  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1900;  has 
practiced  law  in  Antigo  from  1900  until  the  present  time ;  served 
as  city  attorney  of  Antigo  for  three  terms;  was  elected  to  the 
sixtieth  congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a 
republican;  and  resides  in  Antigo,  Wis. 

491.  Lenroot,  Irvine  L.,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
eleventh  district  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  Superior,  Wis.,  Jan. 
31,  1869,  received  a  common  school  education,  became  a  court 
reporter,  studied   law,  and  was  admitted   to  the  bar   in   1897 ; 
is  married ;  was  elected   to  the  Wisconsin  legislature  in  1900, 
1902,  and  1904;  was  elected  speaker  of  the  assembly  in  1903  and 
1905 ;  was  elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican ; 
and  resides  in  Superior,  Wis. 

492.  Warren,   Francis   Emroy,   United    States   senator   from 
Wyoming,  was  born  in  Hinsdale,  Mass.,  June  20,  1844;  received 
a  common  school  and  academic  educaton ;  enlisted  in  1862  in  the 
forty-ninth  Massachusetts  regiment  of  infantry,  and  served  as 
private  and  noncommissioned  officer  in  that  regiment  until  it  was 
mustered  out  of  service;  received  the   congressional   medal  of 
honor  for  gallantry  on  battlefield  at  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson ; 
was  afterwards  captain  in  the  Massachusetts  militia ;  was  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  in  Massachusetts  until  early 
in  1868,  when  he  moved  to  Wyoming,  is  at  present  interested  in 
live  stock  and  real  estate ;  was  president  of  the  senate  of  Wyom 
ing  legislature  in  1873-74  and  member  of  the  senate  in  1884-85 ; 
was  twice  member  of  the  council  and  also  mayor  of  the  city  of 
Cheyenne,  and  served  three  terms  as  treasurer  of  Wyoming; 
was  member  of  the  Wyoming  delegation  to  the  national  republi 
can  convention  at  Chicago  in  1888  and  chairman  of  the  Wyom 
ing  delegation  to  the  national  republican  conventions  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1900  and  at  Chicago  in  1904  and  1908 ;  was  chairman 
of  the  republican  territorial  central  committee,  and  chairman  of 
republican  state  central  committee  of  Wyoming  in  1896 ;  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  Wyoming  by  President  Arthur  in  Feb.  1885, 
and  removed  by  President  Cleveland  in  November,  1886 ;  was 
again  appointed  governor  of  Wyoming  by  President  Harrison 
in  March,  1889,  and  served  until  the  territory  was  admitted  as  a 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  561 

state,  when  he  was  elected  the  first  governor  of  the  state ;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  senate  Nov.  18,  1890,  and  served 
until  the  expiration  of  his  term,  March  3,  1983 ;  was  re-elected 
in  1895,  1901,  and  1907.  His  term  of  service  will  expire  March 
3,  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

493.  Clark,  Clarence  Don,  United  States  senator  from  Wyom 
ing,  was  born  April  16,  1851,  in  Sandy  Creek,  N.  Y.     He  was 
prosecuting  attorney  for  Uinta  county  four  years,  and  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  territory  of  Wyoming  in  1890, 
but  declined  the  office.    Upon  the  admission  of  Wyoming  as  a 
state  he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses. 
Since  1895  he  has  been  a  member    of  the  United  States  senate, 
and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1905-11 ;  and  resides  in  Evan- 
ston,  Wyo. 

494.  Mondell,  Frank  Wheeler,  United  States  congressman  at 
large  from  Wyoming,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1860,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
He  is  a  successful  discoverer,  developer,  and   manager  of  ex 
tensive  coal  interests  at  Newcastle,  Wyo.     He  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits  and  in  railway  construction  in  various  western 
states  and  territories.     He  was  mayor  of  Newcastle  in  1888-95. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  state  senate  in  1890 ;  and  served 
as  president  of  that  body  at  the  session  of  1892.     He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention  at  Minneapolis  in 
1892.     In  1897  he  was  appointed  assistant  commissioner  of  the 
general  land  office.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty- 
sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth  and  sixtieth  congress 
es  as  a  republican.     He  was  reelected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  the  first  district  of  Wyoming  for  the   term   of  1907-11  ; 
and  resides  in  Newcastle,  Wyo. 

495.  Wickersham,  James,  United   States   congressman  from 
Alaska  territory,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1857,  in  Patoka,  111.     He 
was  for  four  years  judge  of  Price  county,  Wash.     He  gives 
special  attention  to  ethnology;  is  associate  editor  of  the  Ameri 
can  Antiquarian ;  and  president  of  the  Tacoma  academy  of  sci 
ence.     In  1894-96  he  was  city  attorney  of  Tacoma ;  and  in  1899 
was  a  member  of  the  Washington  state  legislature.    In  1900-08 
he  was  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  third 
district  of  Alaska  territory.    In  1909-11  he  was  a  representative 
from  Alaska  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as  a  republican;  and  re 
sides  in  Fairbanks,  Alaska. 

496.  Cameron,  Ralph  Henry,  United  States  congressman  from 
Arizona,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1863,  in  Southport,  Maine.     He  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  New  England.    He 


562  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

then  settled  in  Arizona ;  and  he  soon  became  prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  that  state.  For  three 
terms  he  was  sheriff  of  Coconino  county,  Ariz. ;  served  one  term 
as  chairman  of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  that  county ;  and  for 
one  term  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  supervisors  of  Cocon 
ino  county,  Ariz.  For  many  years  he  has  been  connected  with 
the  business  and  public  affairs  of  Fla-gstaff,  Ariz.  He  was  elected 
a  delegate  to  congress ;  and  is  now  serving  his  term  from  1909- 
11  as  a  representative  from  Arizona  to  the  sixty-first  congress  as 
a  republican ;  and  resides  in  Flagstaff,  Ariz. 

497.  Kalanianaole,  Jonah  Kuiho,  United  States  congressman 
from   Hawaii,  was  born   March   26,   1871,   in   Koloa,   island   of 
Kauai,   Hawaii.     He   was    educated   in   Honolulu,    the   United 
States  and  England.     He  is  a  capitalist;  was  employed  in  the 
office  of  minister  of  the  interior  and  in  the  custom-house  under 
the  monarchy;  is  cousin  of  the  late  King  Kalakaua  and  Queen 
Liliuokalani,  monarch  of  the  then  kingdom  of  Hawaii,  and  ne 
phew  of  Queen  Kapiolani,  consort  of  Kalakaua ;  and  was  created 
prince  by  royal  proclamation  in  1884.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth,  fifty-ninth    and    sixtieth    congresses  from   Hawaii 
as  a  republican.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  Hawaii  territory  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in 
Waikiki,  Hawaii. 

498.  Andrews,  William  H.,  United  States  congressman  from 
New  Mexico,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1842,  in  Youngsville,  Va.     He 
is  engaged  in  farming,  mercantile  business,  and  railroading,  be 
ing!  president  of  the  Santa  Fe  Central  railway  company.     He 
was  chairman  of  the  republican  state  committee  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1889  and  1890 ;  member  of  the  senate  of  Pennsylvania  in  1895- 
98 ;  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1899-1902.    He  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  council  of  New 
Mexico  in  1903-05.     He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  and  six 
tieth  congresses.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  sixty-first  congress 
from  New  Mexico  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Alburn- 
querque,  New  Mexico. 

499.  Legarda,  Benito,  United  States  congressman  from  the 
Philippine  Islands,  was  born  in  Manila,  Philippine  Islands,  Sept. 
27,  1853 ;  was  educated  in  the  Jesuits'  college  and  St.  Thomas 
university  of  Manila,  from  the  latter  of  which  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.   B.     He    held    some    honorific    positions    dur- 
in    the    Spanish    regime;    joined    Aguinaldo     when  he  landed 
in   Cavite    shortly    after    Admiral    Dewey   had    destroyed    the 
Spanish    fleet,    1898;    was    a    member    of  Aguinaldo's  cabinet 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  563 

at  Malolos  and  vice-president  of  the  Filipino  congress ;  resigned 
these  positions  to  return  to  Manila  in  Dec.  of  the  same  year, 
(1898)  ;  co-operated  with  live  interest  in  the  establishment  of 
peace  during  and  after  the  war  between  the  Filipinos  and  Amer 
icans.  On  Feb.  1,  1901,  was  appointed  by  President  McKinley  a 
member  of  the  Philippine  commission,  an  office  that  he  held  until 
he  was  elected  by  the  Philippine  legislature  one  of  the  resident 
commissioners  of  the  Philippine  islands  in  the  United  States 
in  Nov.  1907;  and  resides  in  Manila,  Philippine  islands. 

500.     DeLeon,    Pablo    Ocampo,    United    States    congressman 
from  the  Philippine  islands  was  born  in  Manila  in  1853 ;  studied 
in  St.   Thomas   university,   from   which   he   graduated  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  in  Feb.  1882,  since  which  time  he  has  practiced 
his  profession.     Under  the  Spanish  regime  he  was  secretary  of 
the  royal  court  of  Manila,  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  district  of 
Tondo,  and  secretary  of  the  Bar  association  of  Manila,  to  which 
post  he  was  twice  re-elected.     In  the   Filipino  government  at 
Malolos  he  was  a  representative  of  the  provinces  of  Principle, 
Infanta,  Lepanto,  and  Bontoc,  and  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Filipino  parliament.     He  was  also  appointed  professor  of  law  of 
the  university  of  Malolos.     During  the  revolution,  and  after  the 
Malolos  cause  became  hopeless,  a  meeting  was  called  in  Manila 
by  those  who  were  willing  to  submit  to  the  American  govern 
ment,  and  at  this  meeting  he  was  the  only  one  who  stood  firmly 
against  giving  up  the  struggle.     He  was  offered  a  place  on  the 
supreme  court  in  the  early  days,  but  would  not  accept,  and  the 
position  of  resident  commissioner  in  the  United  States  to  which 
he  was  elected  by  the  Philippine  legislature  in  November,  1907, 
is  the  first  he  has  ever  held  under  the  American  government. 
At  on  time  he  was  editor  of  La  Patria,  in  Manila,  publication  oi 
which  was  suspended  by  order  of  General  Otis.     He  is  also  a 
counsel  to  the  Economic  association  of  the  Philippines.  Shortly 
after  the   outbreak  of  hostilities   between   the   Americans   and 
Filipinos  he  was  appointed  by  the  government  of  the  Filipino 
republic  its  representative  in  Manila,  with  unlimited  powers,  and 
was  known  to  the  American  as  an  "irreconcilable"  and  deported 
to  Guam,  where  he  remained  two  years;  he  was  pardoned  and 
returned  to  Manila,  after  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the 
American  government ;  and  resides  in  Manila,  Philippine  islands. 

500a.  Larrinaga,  Tulio,  United  States  congressman  from  Por 
to  Rico,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1847,  in  the  town  of  Trujillo,  Alta.  He 
was  educated  in  the  Seminario  Consiliar  of  San  Juan,  where  he 
received  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts,  with  the  highest  honors ; 
studied  the  profession  of  civil  engineer  at  the  Polytechnic  in- 


564  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

stitute  of  Troy  and  at  the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated  in  1871 ;  practiced  the  profession  for  some  time  in  the 
United  States,  taking  part  in  the  preparation  of  the  topographi 
cal  map  of  Kings  county  (Brooklyn)  and  in  the  technical  de 
partment  cf  Badger  and  Co.,  New  York,  in  the  construction  of 
the  Grand  Central  depot  in  that  city.  In  1872  he  returned  to 
Porto  Rico  and  was  appointed  architect  for  the  city  of  San  Juan ; 
built  the  first  railroad  in  Porto  Rico  in  1880,  and  introduced  for 
the  first  time  American  rolling  stock  in  the  island ;  was  for  ten 
years  chief  engineer  of  the  provincial  works,  and  built  most  of 
the  important  structures  (especially  bridges)  in  the  island.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Atheneum  of  San  Juan  in  1876, 
and  of  the  society  for  the  education  of  intelligent  young  men  of 
the  poor  classes.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  assistant  secretary  of 
the  interior  under  the  autonomic  government,  serving  in  that 
capacity  until  some  time  after  the  American  occupation  of  the 
island.  He  resigned  the  office  to  resume  his  position  as  chief 
engineer  of  the  harbor  works  of  San  Juan ;  and  is  an  ardent 
advocate  of  home  rule  for  his  country.  In  1900  he  was  sent  by 
trie  Federal  party  of  Porto  Rico  to  Washington  as  delegate  at 
the  time  of  the  organic  act  for  Porto  Rico  was  being  framed 
by  congress ;  in  1902  was  elected  member  of  the  house  of  dele 
gates  of  Porto  Rico  from  the  district  of  Arecibo.  He  is  the  presi 
dent  of  the  society  of  civil  engineers  of  Porto  Rico.  He  was 
elected  commissioner  for  the  terms  of  the  fifty-ninth,  sixtieth 
and  sixty-first  congresses ;  and  resides  in  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  565 

JUDICIAL 


501.  Fuller,    Melville   Western,    chief   justice   United    States 
supreme  court,  was  born  Feb.  11,  1833,  in  Augusta,  Maine.     In 
1856  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  where  he  practiced  law  until 
appointed  chief  justice.     In  1862  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
constitutional  convention;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  legis 
lature  from  1863  to  1865.     He  was  appointed  chief  justice  in 
1888.     1899  he  was  a  member  of  the  arbitration  commission  on 
the  Anglo-Venezuelan  boundary  question.     Since  1888  he  has 
been  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States ;  and 
resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

502.  Harlan,  John  Marshall,  associate-justice  United  States 
supreme  court,  was  born  June  1,  1833,  in  Boyle  county,  Ky.   He 
received  his  education  at  the  Center  college,  Ky.,  and  at  the 
Transylvania  university.    He  practiced  law  in  Frankfort,  in  con 
nection  with  his  father,  the  late  Hon.  James  Harlan,  and  served 
as  county  judge  in  Franklin  county,  Ky.    During  the  civil  war  he 
served  in  the  union  army  as  colonel  of  the  tenth  Kentucky  vol 
unteer  infantry.     He  has  filled  the  office  of  adjutant-general  of 
Kentucky;  and  was  attorney-general  in  1853-67.     In  1871  and 
in  1875  he  was  the  republican  candidate  for  governor  of  Ken 
tucky  ;  and  in  the  latter  year  his  name  was  presented  by  the  re 
publican  convention  of  his  state  for  the  vice-presidency.    In  1877 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  commission.     Since  1877  he 
ihas  been  associate-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States;  and  now  fills  the  office  of  chief  justice;  and  resides  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

503.  Brewer,  David  Josiah,  associate-justice  United   States 
supreme  court,  was  born  June  20,  1837,  in  Smyrna,  Asia  Minor. 
He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  Joseph  Brewer  and  Emilia  A.  Field,  sister 
of  David  Dudley,  Cyrus  W.,  and  Justice  Stephen  J.  Field ;  and 
his  father  was  an  early  missionary  to  Turkey.     He  was  gradu 
ated  from  Yale  college  in  1856  and  from  the  Albany  law  school 
in  1858;  and  established  himself  in  his  profession  at  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan.,  in   1859,  where  he   resided  until  he   removed  to 
Washington  to  enter  upon  his  present  duties.     In  1861  he  was 
appointed  United  States  commissioner;  from  1862  to  1865  was 
judge  of  the  probate  and  criminal  courts  of  Leavenworth  county ; 
from  1865  to  1869  was  judge  of  the  district  court;  and  from 
1869  to  1870  was  county  attorney  of  Leavenworth.     In  1870  he 
was  elected  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  his  state,  and  re- 
elected  in  1876  and  1882 ;  in  1884  was  appointed  judge  of  the 


566  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for  the  eighth  district;  and 
was  appointed  to  his  present  position,  to  succeed  Justice  Stanley 
Matthews,  deceased,  in  Dec.  1889,  and  was  commissioned  Dec. 

18,  1889.    Since  1889  he  has  been  chief  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  Di  C. 

504.  White,  Edward  Douglass,  associate  justice  United  States 
supreme  court,  was  born  in  Nov.  1845 ;  was  educated  at  Mount 
St.  Mary's,  near  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  at  the  Jesuit  college  in  New 
Orleans,  and  at  Georgetown  college;  served  in  the  confederate 
army ;  was  licensed  to  practice  law  by  the  supreme  court     of 
Louisiana  in  Dec.  1868;  elected  state  senator  in  1874;  was  ap 
pointed  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Louisiana  in 
1878 ;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  senate  as  a  democrat,  to 
succeed  James  B.  Eustis,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1891;  while 
serving  his  term  as  senator  from  Louisiana  was  appointed,  Feb. 

19,  1894,  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  and  took  his 
seat  March  12,  1894. 

505.  Peckham,     Rufus     Wheeler,     associate-justice     United 
States  supreme  court,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1838,  in  Albany,  N.  Y.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  district  attorney  of  Albany  county ;  was  sub 
sequently  corporation  counsel  of  Albany  city ;  and  in  1883  was 
elected  an  associate  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  of  New  York 
state  and  served  in  1886-95.     Since  1895  he  has  been  associate- 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States ;  and  resides  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

506.  McKenna,  Joseph,  associate  justice  United   States   su 
preme  court,  was  born  Aug.  10,  1843,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.     He 
was  district  attorney  of  Solano  county,  CaL,  for  two  terms,  com 
mencing  in  1866.    He  was  a  representative  in  the  California  leg 
islature  in  1875  and  1876.     In  1884  he  was  elected  a  representa 
tive  from    California   to   the   forty-ninth   congress ;   and   was   a 
member  of  the  fiftieth,  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses.    In 
1893  he  was  appointed  United  States  circuit  judge ;  and  in  1897 
became  attorney-general  of  the  United  States  circuit  judge ;  and 
in  1897  became  attorney-general  of  the  United  States.     Since 
1898   he   has   been   chief  justice   of   the   supreme   court   of  the 
United  States ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

507.  Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  associate-justice  United  States 
supreme  court,  was  born  March  8,  1841,  in  Boston,  Mass.    He  is 
a  son  of  Dr.  O.  W.  Holmes,  the  poet  and  essayist.     He  served 
three  years  in  the  Massachusetts  volunteers.    Since  1882  he  has 
been  justice  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  of  Massachusettsl    He 
is  the  author  of  The  Common  Law ;  Lectures  at  Lowell  Insti 
tute  ;  Speeches ;  and  edited  Kent's  Commentaries.    Since  1902  he 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  567 

has  been  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States; 
and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

508.  Day,  William  Rufus,  associate  justice  United  supreme 
court,  was  born  April  17,  1849,  in  Ravenna,  Ohio,  being  a  son 
of  Judge  Luther  Day,  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio.    In  1866  he 
entered  the  academic  department  of  the  university  of  Michigan, 
where  he  graduated  in  1870;  he  also  spent  one  year  in  the  law 
department  of  that  institution.     In  1872  he  was  admitted  to  the 
Ohio  bar  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Canton,  Stark  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
in  1886.     In  1889  he  was  appointed  United  States  district  judge 
for  the  northern  district  of  Ohio  by  President  Harrison,  which 
position  he  declined.    In  April,  1897,  he  was  appointed  assistant 
secretary  of  state  by  President  McKinley,  and  in  April,  1898, 
was  made  secretary  of  state,  which  position  he  resigned  to  accept 
the  chairmanship  of  the  commission  which  negotiated  the  treaty 
of  peace  with  Spain  at  the  close  of  the  Spanish-American  war. 
In  Feb.  1899  he  was  appointed  United  States  circuit  judge  for 
the  sixth  judicial  circuit  by  President  McKinley.     In  Feb.  1903, 
he  was  made  justice  of  the  United  States  supreme   court  by 
President  Roosevelt,  taking  the  oath  of  office  March  2  of  that 
year. 

509.  Moody,  William  Henry,  associate  justice  United  States 
supreme  court,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1853,  in  Newbury,  Mass.    He 
was  district  attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Massachusetts  in 
1890-95.    He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a  repub 
lican  at  a  special  election,  to  fill  a  vacancy ;  and  was  a  member 
of  the  fifty-sixth  and  fifty-seventh  congresses.     In   1904-06  he 
was  United   States  attorney-general ;  and  since   1907  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States  supreme  court;  and  re 
sides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

510.  McKenney,  James   Hall,  clerk  United   States   supreme 
court,  was  born  July  12,  1837,  in  Harford  county,  Md.    Since 
1880  he  has  been  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States ; 
and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

511.  Colt,   Le  Baron   Bradford,   judge   United    State   circuit 
court,  was  born  June  25,  1846,  in  Dedham,  Mass.    He  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  state  legislature  of  Rhode  Island  in  1879  and 
1880,  and  in  1881  was  appointed  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  district  of  Rhode  Island.     Since  1881  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  first  judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States ;  and  resides 
in  Bristol,  R.  I. 

512.  Putnam,  William  Le  Baron,  judge  United  States  circuit 
court,  was  born  May  12,  1835,  in  Bath,  Maine.     In  1858-92  he 


568  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

practiced  law  in  Portland.  In  1888  he  was  democratic  candidate 
for  governor  of  Maine.  Since  1892  he  has  been  judge  of  the  first 
judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States;  and  resides  in  Port 
land,  Maine. 

513.  Lowell,  Francis  Cabot,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  Jan.  7,  1855,  in  Boston,  Mass.    In  1876  he  received  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  from  Harvard  university.     In  1880-98  he  prac 
ticed  law  in  Boston,  Mass.     He  is  the  author  of  Joan  of  Arc, 
a  valuable  historical  biography.     In  1898-1905  he  was  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  Massachusetts.     Since  1905 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Massachusetts ;  and  resides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

514.  LaCombe,  Emile  Henry,  judge    United    States    circuit 
court,  was  born  Jan.  29,  1846,  in  New  York  city.   For  three  years 
he  was  corporation  counsel  for  the  city  of  New  York.    Since  1887 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  second  judicial  circuit  court  of  the 
United  States  for  term  of  life ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

515.  Coxe,  Alfred  Conkling,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.     In  1882  he  was  appointed  United 
States  district  judge   for  the  northern  district  of  New  York, 
his   grandfather,   Hon.   Alfred   Conkling,  having  formerly   held 
the  same  position.     Since  1902  he  has  been  judge  of  the  second 
judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States;  and  resides  in  Utica, 
N.  Y. 

516.  Ward,  Henry  Galbraith,  judge  of  the  United  States  cir 
cuit  court,  was  born  April  19,  1851,  in  New  Yorlq  city.    In  1870 
he  received  the  degrees  of  B.  A.  and  M.  A.  from  the  university 
of  Pennsylvania.    In  1873  he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law. 
Since  1907  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  circuit  court 
for  the  second  circuit ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

517.  Noyes,  Walter  Chadwick,  judge  United  States  circuit 
court,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1865,  in  Lyme,  Conn.    He  was  educated 
in  Cornell  university ;  and  in  1866  was  admitted  to  the  practice 
of  law.    In  1895-1907  he  was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
for  New  London  county,  Conn. ;  and  since  1907  has  been  judge 
of  the  United  States  circuit  court.    He  is  the  author  of  The  Law 
of  Inter-Corporate  Relations ;  and  American  Railroad  Rates ;  and 
resides  in  New  London,  Conn. 

518.  Dallas,  George  Mifflin,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  Feb.  7,  1839,  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.    Since  a  child  he  has  re 
sided  in  Philadelphia ;  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private 
schools  of  that  city;  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from 
Princeton  university.     In  1859  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  state  constitution  convention  which  framed 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  569 

present  constitution  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  professor  of 
law  of  torts,  evidence  and  practiced  in  the  law  department  of 
the  university  of  Pennsylvania.  Since  1892  he  has  been  circuit 
judge  for  the  third  judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  ;  and 
resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

519  Gray,  George,  judge  United  States  circuit  court,  was  born 
May  4,  1840,  in  New  Castle,  Del.  He  was  attorney-general  of 
the  state  of  Delaware  in  1879-85  and  re-appointed  in  1884.  In 
1885-99  he  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  senate.  In  1898 
he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Quebec  joint  high  commis 
sion,  to  settle  outstanding  questions  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States  growing  out  of  our  relations  with  Canada.  In 
Sept.  1898,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Spanish-American 
peace  commission,  at  Paris.  He  was  afterwards  appointed  a 
member  of  the  permanent  court  of  international  arbitration  of 
the  Hague,  which  position  he  now  holds.  In  1902,  he  was  ap 
pointed  chairman  of  the  anthracite  coal  strike  arbitration.  Since 
1899  he  has  been  judge  of  the  third  judicial  circuit  court  of  the 
United  States;  and  resides  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

520.  Buffington,  Joseph,  judge  United  States  circuit  court,  was 
born  Sept.  5,  1855,  in  Kittanning,  Pa.    In  1875  he  graduated  from 
Trinity  college  of  Hartford,  Conn.     He  attained  eminence  as  a 
successful  lawyer  of  Kittanning,  Pa.,  and  has  filled  various  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor.     In  1892-1906  he  was  judge   of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  western  district  of  Penn 
sylvania.     Since  1906  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
circuit  court  for  the  third  circuit ;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

521.  Goff,  Nathan,  judge  United   States   circuit   court,  was 
born  Feb.  9,  1842,  in  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.    He  entered  the  union 
army,  and  served  throughout  the  war,   rising  to   the  rank  of 
brevet  brigadier-general.     He  was  elected  a  representative  in 
the  state  legislature  in  1867-68 ;  and  was  United  States  district 
attorney  in  1869-81.     In  1881  he  became  secretary  of  the  navy. 
He  was  a  member  from  West  Virginia  to  the  forty-eighth,  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  congresses.     In  1888-89  he  was  governor  of 
West  Virginia.     Since  1892  he  has  been  judge  of  the  fourth 
judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Clarks 
burg,  W.  Va. 

522.  Pritchard,     Jeter  Connelly,  judge  United  State  circuit 
court,  was  born  July  12,  1857,  in  Jonesboro,  Tenn.     He  was 
joint  editor  and  owner  of  the  Roan  Mountain  Republican  until 
1881.     He  then  removed  to  Marshall,  N.  C. ;  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1884-94 ;  and  was  the  republican  candidate  for 
lieutenant-governor  in  1888.     In  1894  he  became  prominent  in 


570  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

the  co-operation  movement  in  North  Carolina,  and  the  success  of 
that  movement  resulted  in  his  election  in  the  United  States  sen 
ate  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  of  1897- 
1903.  He  has  been  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit  court  of 
the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Asheville,  N.  C. 

523.  Pardee,  Don  A.,  judge  United  States  circuit  court  for 
the  fifth  circuit  was  born  March  29,  1837,  in  Wadsworth,  Ohio. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  the  United 
States  naval  academy.     He  'served  during  the  civil  war  as  cap 
tain,  major,  lieutenant-colonel  and  was  brevetted  brigadier-gen 
eral  of  the  United  States  volunteers  for  gallant  services.     He  is 
a  noted  lawyer  of  New  Orleans,  La. ;  has  been  register  in  bank 
ruptcy  ;  and  in  1868  was  elected  State  judge.     Since  1881  he  has 
been  circuit  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  the  United  States ; 
and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

524.  McCormick,  Andrew  Phelps,  judge  United  States  circuit 
court,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1832,  in  Brazoria  county,  Texas.     He 
was*  judge  of  probate  in  Brazoria  county,  Texas,  in  1865  and 
1866 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  state  constitutional  conventions 
of  1866  and  1868;  and  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  from  1871 
to  1876.     He  was  state  senator  from  1876  to  1879.     In  1879  he 
was  appointed  United  c  district  judge  for  the  northern  dis 
trict  of  Texas,  and  resigned  as  senator  to  enter  upon  his  judi 
cial  duties.     Since  1892  he  has  been  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial 
circuit  court  of  the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Dallas,  Tex. 

525.  Shelby,  David  D.,  judge  United  States  circuit  court,  was 
born  Oct.  24,  1847,  in  Madison  county,  Ala.     In  1882-86  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Alabama  state  senate.     Since  1899  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States ;  and 
resides  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 

526.  Lurton,   Horace   Harmon,  judge   United   States   circuit 
court,  was  born  in  1844  in  Kentucky.     Since  1893  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States ;  and 
resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

527.  Severens,  Henry  Franklin,  judge  United  States  circuit 
court,  was  born  May  11,  1835,  in  Rockingham,  Vt.    In  1886-90  he 
was  United  States  judge  for  the  western  district  of  Michigan 
Since  1900  he  has  been  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  court  of  the 
United  States ;  and  resides  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

528.  Richards,  John  Kelvey,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  March  15,  1856,  in  Ironton,  Ohio.    In  1890-92  he  served 
in  the  state  senate  of  Ohio;  was  attorney-general  of  that  state 
in  1892-96  ;  and  since  1897-1903  was  solicitor-general  of  the  United 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  571 

States.    Since  1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit 
court  of  the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Ironton,  Ohio. 

529.  Grosscup,   Peter   Stenger,   judge   United    States   circuit 
court,  was  born  Feb|  15,  1852,  in  Ashland,  Ohio.    In  1874-83  he 
practiced  law  at  Ashland,  Ohio ;  and  was  city  solicitor  for  six 
years.     In  1882-92  he  practiced  law  in  Chicago,  111.     Since  1892 
he  has  been  United  States  judge  for  the  northern   district  of 
Illinois.    Among  his  notable  judicial  acts  are  included  his  opin 
ion  upon  the  application  to  close  up  the  World's  Columbia  ex 
position  on  Sundays ;  also  the  injunction  issued  by  him  against 
Eu-gene   V.   Debs   and   other   officers   of   the  American   railway 
union.    Since  1899  he  has  been  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial  cir 
cuit  court  of  the  United  States;  and  resides  in  Highland  Park, 
111. 

530.  Baker,  Francis  E.,  judge  United   States   circuit  court, 
was  born  Oct.  20,  1860,  in  Goshen,  Ind.     He  received  the  rudi 
ments  of  his  education  in  his  native  town ;  in  1876-78  attended 
Jthe  Indiana  state  university;  and  in  1882  graduated  from  the 
university  of  Michigan,  from  which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  B.  A.    In  1879-82  he  was  literary  editor  of  the  Univer 
sity  Chronicle.     Until  1898  he  practiced  law  in  his  native  state; 
and  was  attorney  of  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  southern  rail 
way  and  other  prominent  corporations.     In  1898-1902  he  was 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Indiana ;  and  since  1902  has  been 
circuit  judge  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  for  the  seventh 
circuit. 

531.  Seaman,   William  Henry,   judge   United   States   circuit 
court,  was  born  Nov.  15,  1842,  in  New  Berlin,  Wis.     He  was 
educated    in    the   public    schools   of    Sheboygan,    Wis. ;    and   in 
1859-61  worked  as  a  printer.    During  the  civil  war  in  1861-64  he 
served  in  the  first  regiment  Wisconsin  infantry,  United  States 
volunteers.     Until  1893  he  practiced  law  in  Sheboygan,  Wis. ; 
and  in  1893-98  was  president  of  the  Wisconsin  state  bar  associa 
tion.     In  1893-1905  he  was  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Wisconsin.     Since  1905  he  has 
been  circuit  judge  for  the  seventh  circuit;  and  resides  in  She 
boygan,  Wis. 

532.  Kohlsaat,  Christian  Cecil,  judge  United  States  circuit 
court,  was  born  Jan.  8,  1844,  in  Edwards  county,  111.     He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Galena,  111. ;  attended  the  uni 
versity  of  Chicago ;  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Illin 
ois!  college.     For  several  years  he  was  a  law  reporter  on  the 
Chicago  Evening  Journal ;  in  1867  was  minute  clerk  in  the  county 
court;  and  was  subsequently  admitted  to  the  bar.     In  1880-90 


672  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  West  Park  commissioners; 
president  of  the  Union  League  club  of  Chicago  in  1896 ;  and  in 
1890-99  was  probate  judge  for  Cook  county,  111.  In  1899-1905  he 
was  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  northern 
district  of  Illinois.  Since  1905  he  has  been  judge  United  States 
circuit  court  for  the  seventh  judicial  circuit;  and  resides  in 
Chicago,  111. 

533.  Sanborn,   Walter    Henry,   judge   United    States   circuit 
court,  for  the  eighth  circuit,  was  born  Oct.  19,  1845,  in  Epsom, 
N.  H.     He  graduated  from  Dartmouth  college  as  valedictorian 
of  his  class ;  and  in  1867-70  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at 
Milford,  N.  H.       In  1871  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn. ;  and  in  1878-80  and  1885-92  was  a  member  of  the 
city  council.    In  1885-92  he  was  treasurer  of  the  state  bar  asso 
ciation  ;  and  in  1890-91  was  president  of  the  St.  Paul  bar  associa 
tion,  and  also  of  the  union  league  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.    Since  1892 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  of  appeals 
of  the  eighth  circuit ;  and  in  1903  became  senior  and  presiding 
judge;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

534.  Van  DeVanter,  Willis,  judge  United  State  circuit  court, 
was  born  April  17,  1859,  in  Marion,  Ind.     He  attended  the  De 
Pauw  university  and  the  law  school  of  the  Cincinnati  college. 
He  has  attained  success  in  the  profession  of  law  at  Cheyenne, 
Wyo. ;  has  been  city  attorney;  and  a  member  of  the  Wyoming 
territorial    legislature,    and!   commissioner   to    revise    territorial 
laws.     He  was  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wyoming, 
which  office  he  filled  for  two  terms.    He  has  been  chairman  of 
the  republican  state  committee  and  a  member  of  the  republican 
national  committee.    Since  1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  eighth 
judicial  circuit  court  of  the  United  States ;  and  resides  in  Chey 
enne,  Wyo. 

535.  Hook,  William  Gather,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  Sept.  24,  1857,  in  Waynesburg,  Pa.    In  1875  he  gradu 
ated  from  the  high  school  of  Leavenworth,  Kan. ;  and  in  1878 
from  St.  Louis  law  school.  In  1878-99  he  practiced  law;  and  in 
1899-1903  was  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
district  of  Kansas.    In  1903  he  became  judge  of  the  United  States 
circuit  court  for  the  eighth  judicial  circuit;  and  resides  in  Leav 
enworth,  Kan. 

536.  Adams,  Elmer  Bragg,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  Oct.  27,  1852,  in  Pomfret,  Vt.     He  was  educated  at 
Yale  college  and  Harvard  law  school ;  in  1868  removed  to  Mis 
souri,  being  engaged  in  general  practice  of  law  except  from  1879- 
85,  during  which  time  he  was  one  of  the  circuit  judges  of  St. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  573 

Louis.  In  1895-1905  he  was  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Missouri.  Since  1905  he  has 
been  United  States  circuit  judge  for  the  eighth  judicial  circuit; 
and  resides  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

537.  Gilbert,  William  Ball,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  July  4,  1847,  in  Fairport  county,  Va.     Since  1892  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  ninth  judicial  court  of  the  United  States; 
and  resides  in  Portland,  Ore. 

538.  Ross,  Erskine  Mayo,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  June  30,  1845,  in  Culpeper  county  Va.     In  1865  he 
graduated  from  the  Virginia  military  institute ;  and  in  1869  was 
admitted  to  the  California  bar.     In  1879-86  he  was  associate- 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  California.     Since  1895  he 
has  been  United  States  circuit  judge  for  the  ninth  circuit;  and 
resides  in  Los  Angeles  Cal. 

539.  Morrow,  William  W.,  judge  United  States  circuit  court, 
was  born  July  15,  1843,  near  Milton,  Ind.     He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Illinois  in  1845;  and  to  California  in  1859.     He  was 
appointed  United  States  district  judge  for  the  northern  district 
of  California  by  President  Harrison  in  1891.     Since  1897  he  has 
been  judge   of  the  ninth   judicial    circuit   court   of  the   United 
States ;  and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

540.  Peelle,  Stanton  J.,  judge  United  States  court  of  claims, 
was  born  Feb.  11,  1843,  in  Wayne  county,  Ind.    He  entered  the 
union  army  in  1861,  and  served  three  years.     He  was  deputy 
district  attorney  of  Marion  county  for  two  years;  and  was  a 
representative  in  the  state   legislature  in   1877-79.     He  was  a 
member  from  Indiana  to  the  forty-seventh  and  forty-eighth  con 
gresses  as  a  republican.     Since  1892  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
United    States    court    of   claims ;    and    resides    at   Washington, 
D.  C. 

541.  Howry,  Charles  B.,  judge  United  States  court  of  claims, 
was  born  May  14,  1845,  in  Oxford,  Miss.    He  served  in  the  civil 
war  and  attained  the  rank  of  captain ;  in  1880-82  was  a  member 
of  the  state  legislature ;  was  United  States  district  attorney  from 
the  northern  district  of  Mississippi  in  1885-89 ;  and  was  assis 
tant  attorney-general   of  the  United   States   in   1893-97.     Since 
1897  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  court  of  claims ;  and 
resides  at  Washington,  D.   C. 

542.  Booth,   Fenton   W.,    judge    United    States    court     of 
claims.     In  1892  he  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Marshall,  111. 
Since  1905  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  United  States 
court  of  claims;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

543.  Barney,  Samuel  Stebbins,  judge  United  States  court  of 


574  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

claims,  was  born  Jan.  31,  1846,  in  Hartford,  Wis.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schols  and  at  Lombard  university  of  Gales- 
burg,  111.;  and  taught  in  the  high  school  of  Hartford  for  four 
years.  From  1873  he  practiced  his  profession  at  West  Bend,  Wis. 
He  rilled  the  office  of  superintendent  of  schools  of  Washington 
county  in  1876-1880.  In  1895-1903  he  was  a  representative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  fifty-fourth,  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth  and  fifty- 
seventh  congresses;  and  declined  a  re-nomination.  Since  1905 
he  has  been  an  associate  judge  of  the  United  States  court  of 
claims  at  Washington,  Di  C. 

544.  Atkinson,  George  Wesley,  judge  United  States  court  of 
claims,  was  born  June  29?  1845,  in  Virginia,  now  West  Virginia. 
In  1870  he  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university;  took 
a  post-graduate  course  at  Mount  Union  college ;  studied  law  two 
years;  took  the  law  course   at  the   Columbian   university;  he 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Howard  university; 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875.     He  has  been  eminently 
successful    as    a    lawyer;    and    was    four   years   United    States 
marshal  for  West  Virginia.     In  1889-91  he  was  a  representa 
tive  from  West  Virginia  to  the  fifty-first  congress.     In  1897- 
1901  he  was  governor  of  West  Virginia ;  and  for  four  years  was 
United  States  district  attorney  for  West  Virginia.     Since  1905 
he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  United  States  court  of  claims 
at  Washington,  D.  C.    He  is  the  author  of  seven  different  books, 
all  of  which  have  been  popular  and  had  a  large  sale.     He  has 
the  manuscript  poems  for  a  good  size  volume,  which  will  be 
published  later  in  life.    Being  a  classically  educated  man,  all  of 
'his  public  addresses  are  of  a  high  order.     He  has  received  the 
degrees  of  B.  A.,  A.  M.,  Ph.  B.,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  B.,  LL.  D.  and  D. 
C.  L.     The  latter  degree  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  uni 
versity  of  West  Virginia,  and  is  the  only  degree  of  its  grade 
ever  conferred.    The  only  honorary  degree  ever  conferred  upon 
this  eminent  statesman  and  jurist  was  that  of  Sc.  D.,  which  was 
extended  by  the  United   States   Grant  university  and   by  the 
university  of  Nashville ;  and  all  of  the  other  degrees  he  has  re 
ceived  from  work  done  by  him. 

545.  Hopkins,  Archibald,  chief  clerk  United  States  court  of 
claims,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1842,  in  Williamstown,  Mass.  In  1862- 
65  he  served  in  the  civil  war  as  captain  and  brevet  major,  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  thirty-seventh  regiment  Massachusetts  vol 
unteers.     Until  1873  he  practiced  law  in  New  York  city.     He 
has  been  president  of  the  District  of  Columbia  Society  Sons  of 
the  Revolution ;  President  of  Williams  College  Alumni  associa 
tion;  and  in  1907  a  member  of  the  West  Point  visiting  board. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  575 

He  is  the  author  of  The  Apostles'  Creed.  Since  1873  he  has 
been  chief  clerk  of  the  United  States  court  of  claims;  and  re 
sides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

546.  Shepard,  Seth,  chief  justice  court  of  appeals  District  of 
Columbia,  was  born  April  23,  1847,  in  Washington  county,  Tex. 
He  was  educated  in  the  Bastrop  military  institute;  and  at  the 
Washington  and  Lee  university  of  Lexington,  Va.     He  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  1868.    In  1874-75  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Texas  state  senate.     In  1884-92  he  was  regent  of  the  university 
of  Texas ;  and  in  1891  was  president  of  the  Texas  state  bar  asso 
ciation.    In  1893-1905  he  was  associate  justice ;  and  since  1905  has 
been  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  appeals  of  the  District  of  Col 
umbia  ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

547.  Robb,  Charles  Henry,  associate  justice  court  of  appeals, 
District  of  Columbia,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1867,  in  Guilford,  Vt. 
In  1889  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Bellow  Falls,  Vt. ;  and 
in  1905-06  was  assistant  attorney  general  of  the  United  States. 
Since  1906  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  court  of  appeals 
District  of  Columbia;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

548.  Van  Orsdel,  Josiah  Alexander,  associate  justice  court  of 
appeals  district  of  Columbia,  was  born  Nov.  17,  I860,  in  New 
Bedford,  Pa.    In  1891  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Cheyenne, 
Wyo. ;  and  in  1894  became  a  representative  in  the  Wyoming 
legislature.    In  1898-1905  he  was  attorney-general  of  Wyoming, 
and  in  1905-06  was  associate  justice  supreme  court  of  Wyoming. 
Since  1907  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  court  of  ap 
peals  district  of  Columbia ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

549.  Baker,  Daniel  W.,  United  States  district  attorney  for 
district  of  Columbia.    Since  1905  he  has  been  United  States  dis 
trict  attorney  for  the  district  of  Columbia ;  and  resides  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

550.  Palmer,  Aulick,  United  States  marshal,  District  of  Col 
umbia,  was  born  in  1843,  in  Washington,  D.  C.     For  thirteen 
years  he  served  as  an  officer  in  the  United  States  marine  corps ; 
an'd  for  four  years  was  a  consul  and  consul-general  to  Dresden, 
Germany.    Since  1898  he  has  been  United  States  marshal  for  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

551.  Jones,  Thomas  Goode,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Alabama,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1844,  in  Macon,  Ga.    He  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the  confederate  service,  and  was  promoted  to  aide- 
de-camp.    In  1866  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar ;  became  editor  of 
the  Daily  Picayune  of  Montgomery ;  and  in  1870-80  was  reporter 
of  decisions  of  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama.     In  1875-85  he 
was  alderman  in  the  city  of  Montgomery ;  in  1884-87  was  mayor 


576  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  Montgomery,  Ala. ;  in  1884-87  was  a  member  of  the  Alabama 
general  assembly;  and  speaker  of  the  house  during  his  latter 
term.  In  1890-94  he  was  governor  of  Alabama.  He  is  the  author 
of  Code  of  Ethics.  Since  1901  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  northern  and  middle  districts  of 
Alabama ;  and  resides  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

552.  Toulmin,   Harry  Theophilus,  judge  United   States  dis 
trict  court  for  Alabama,  was  born  March    4,  1838,    in    Mobile 
county,  Ala.     He  entered  confederate  army  as  private  in  1861; 
and  rose  through  grades  to  colonel  twenty-second  Alabama  in 
fantry.     In  1868  he  was  a  democratic  presidential  elector;  and 
in  1870-72  was  a  member  state  legislature.     In  1874-82  he  was 
state  circuit  judge.    Since  1887  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  southern  district  of  Alabama;  and 
resides  in  Mobile,  Ala. 

553.  Hundley,  Oscar  R.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  northern  district  of    Alabama,  was    born    Oct.  30,  1855,  in 
Limestone  county,  Ala.    In  1877  he  graduated  from  the  Vander- 
bilt  university,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.     In  1886-90  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Alabama  state  house  of  representatives; 
and  in  1890-96  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate,  being  chairman 
of  the  judiciary  committee.    In  1893  he  was  appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison  the  national  commissioner  to  the  World's  Colum 
bian  exposition  at  Chicago,  111.     In  1886-90  he  was  city  attorney 
of  Huntville,  Ala.    In  1896  he  was  a  republican  nominee  for  con 
gress.    For  twenty-three  years  he  was  counsel  for  the  Nashville, 
Chattanooga  and  St.  Louis  railroad.     In  1904  he  was  a  delegate 
at  large  from  Alabama  to  the  national  republican  convention,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  delegation.     In  1904  he  was  delegate  at 
large  from  Alabama  to  the  national  republican  convention,  and 
was  chairman  of  the  delegation.     Since  1907  he  has  been  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  northern  district  of 
Alabama. 

554.  Gunnison,  Royal    Arch,  judge    United    States    district 
court  for  Alaska,  was  born  June  24,  1876,  in  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
In  1898-1904  he  was  United  States  referee  in  bankruptcy.    Since 
1903  he  has  been  United  States  district  judge  for  Alaska  terri* 
tory;  and  resides  in  Juneau,  Alaska. 

555.  Moore,  Alfred  S.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Alaska,  was  born  in  Beaver,  Pa.    He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools ;  attended  Beaver  academy ;  and  in  1867  graduated  from 
the  Washington   and   Jefferson  college  of  Pennsylvania,  from 
which  institution  he  received  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M.    In 
1873-76  he  practiced  law  in  Butler,  Pa.;  then  returned  to  Beaver; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  577 

and  in  1881-83  was  district  attorney  of  Beaver  county,  Pa.  He 
has  been  trustee  of  Beaver  college ;  director  of  the  First  national 
bank  of  Beaver ;  and  for  three  terms  was  president  of  the  Beaver 
county  law  association.  Since  1902  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  second  district  of  Alaska 
territory ;  and  resides  in  Nome,  Alaska. 

558.  Reid,  Silas  H.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
the  third  district  of  Alaska.  In  1907  he  was  a  candidate  for  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Oklahoma.  Since  1907  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the  district  of  Alaska ;  and 
resides  in  Fairbanks,  Alaska. 

557.  Trieber,  Jacob,  judge  United  States  district   court  for 
Arkansas,  was  born  Oct.  6,  1853,  in  Germany.    He  was  educated 
in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Germany  and  St.  Louis,  Mo. ; 
and  in  1876  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Helena,  Ark.     In  1880, 
1884,  1888  and  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican 
conventions;  in  1889  he  was  republican    nominee    for    United 
States  senator;  and  in  1897-1900  was  United  States  attorney  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Arkansas.    In  1906  he  was  elected  grand 
master  of  masons  of  Arkansas.     Since  1900  he  has  been  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of 
Arkansas;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

558.  Rogers,  John  Henry,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Arkansas,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1845,  in  Bertie  county,  N.  C.   He 
served  in  the  confederate  army  in  1862-65 ;     and     became  first 
lieutenant.    In  1877-82  he  was  circuit  judge.    He  was  a  member 
from  Arkansas  to  the  forty-eight,  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty- 
first  congresses  as  a  democrat.     Since  1896  he  has  been  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  western  district  of 
Arkansas ;  and  resides  in  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

560.  DC  Haven,  John  Jefferson,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  California,  was  born  March  12,  1845,  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
In  1867  he  moved  to  California,  received  his  education  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  that  state,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866. 
In  1867  he  was  elected  district  attorney  of  Humboldt  county. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  assembly  in  1869 ;  and 
was  a  state  senator  in  1871-75.  For  two  years  he  was  city 
attorney  for  Eureka ;  was  republican  candidate  for  congress  in 
1882 :  and  in  1884  was  elected  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Humboldt  county  for  a  term  of  six  years.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  to  congress ;  and  in  1890-94  was  elected  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  State  of  California.  He  then  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  in  San  Francisco.  Since  1897  he  has  been 


578  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  northern  district 
of  California;  and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

561.  Van  Fleet,  William  Gary,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  California,  was  born  March  24,  1852,  in  Maumee  City, 
Ohio.    He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1873 ;  and  in  1881-82  was 
a  member  of  the  California  state  legislature.     In  1884-92  he  was 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  California ;  and  in  1894-99  was  an 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  California.     In  1899- 
1903  he  was  a  member  of  the  code  commission.     Since  1907  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  court  for  the  northern  dis 
trict  of  California;  and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

562.  Wellborn,  Olin,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
southern  district  California,  was  born  June  13,  1843,  in  Cum- 
ming,  Ga.     He  served  in  the  confederate  army  throughout  the 
civil  war.    He  moved  to  Dallas,  Tex.     He  was  a  member  from 
Texas  to  the  forty-sixth,  forty-seventh,   forty-eight  and  forty- 
ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat.     Since  1895  he  has  been  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  southern  district  of 
California ;  and  resides  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

563.  Lewis,  Robert  E.,  jud-ge  United  States  district  court  for 
Colorado,  was  born  April  3,  1857,  in  Cass  county,  Mo.     In  1882- 
86   he   was   prosecuting  attorney   for    Henry   county,    Mo.      In 
1894  he  was  republican  candidate  for  congress ;  and  in  1896  for 
governor  of  Missouri.     In  1903-06  he  was  judge  of  the  fourth 
judicial  district  of  Colorado.     Since   1906  he  has  been   United 
States  district  judge  for  the  district  of  Colorado ;  and  resides  in 
Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

564.  Platt,  James  Perry,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Connecticut,  was  born  March  31,  1851,  in  Towanda.  Pa.     In 
1893-1902  was  judge  of  the  city  court  of  Meriden.     Since  1902 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  Con 
necticut  ;  and  resides  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

565.  Bradford,  Edward  G.,  judge  United  States  district  rrmt-t 
for  Delaware,  was  born   March  12,  1848,  in  Wilmington,  Del. 
He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1870.    Since  1897  he  has  been 
judge   of  the  United   States   district   court   for  Delaware :   and 
resides  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

567.  Sheppard.  William  B,.  iiidsre  United  States  district  court 
for  the  northern   district   of  Florida.     Since   1905   he  Via*  been 
United  States  district  attornev.  and  is  now  indsre  northern  dis 
trict  of  Florida :  and  resides  in  Pensacola,  F1a. 

568.  Locke,  James  W.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
the   southern   district   of   Florida,   was  born   Oct.    30,   1837,   in 
Wilmington,  Vt.     He  received  a  high    school    and    academic 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  579 

education;  and  subsequently  was  engaged  in  educational  work. 
He  then  studied  law  and  has  attained  prominence  as  one  of  the 
foremost  lawyers  of  Florida.  During  the  war  he  was  in  the 
naval  service  and  at  its  close  settled  in  Key  West,  F|la.  He  has 
been  county  judge ;  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Florida  state 
senate.  Since  1872  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  southern  district  of  Florida;  and  resides 
in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

569.  Newman,  William  Truslow,,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Georgia,  was  born  June  23,  1843  ,  in  Knoxville ,  Tenn. 
For  twelve  years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  Atlanta,  Ga.     Since  1886  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  northern  district  of  Georgia ;  and 
resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

570.  Speer,  Emory,  judge  United  States    district    court  for 
Georgia,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1848,  in  Culloden,  Ga.     In  1873  he 
was  appointed  solicitor-general   for  the  western  judicial  circuit 
of  Georgia,  and  held  the  office  three  years.     He  was  elected  a 
representative  from  Georgia  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh 
congresses.     Since  1885  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  southern  district  of  Georgia ;  and  resides 
in  Macon,  Ga. 

571.  Dole,  Sanford  Ballard,     judge     of    the     United  States 
district  court  for  Hawaii,  was  born  April  23,  1844,  in  Hawaiian 
Islands.     He  engaged  in  practice  of  law  in  Honolulu  :  in  1884 
and  1886  he  was  a  member  of  the  legislature ;  a  leader  in  reform 
movement  in  1887 ;  and  judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1887-93. 
He  was  placed  at  the  head  of  provisional  government  in  1893 ; 
became  president  by  provision  of  constitution  of  1894  that  he 
should  hold  office  until   1901.     In  1901-03  he  was   governor  of 
Hawaii.     Since  1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United   States 
district    court   for   Hawaii ;   his   present    term    ending   in    1915 ; 
and  resides  in  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

572.  Dietrick,  Frank  Sigel,  judge  United1  States  district  court 
for  Idaho,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1863.  in  Ottawa,  Kan.     In  1887-91 
he  was  an  instructor  of  V>istorv  at  the  Ottawa  nniver^itv.     In 
1891-1907  he  was  a  practicing  attorney.     Since  1907  he  has  been 
judge   of   the   United    States   district  court   for  the   district   of 
Idaho. 

573.  Bethea,  Solomon  Hicks,    jud-ge  United  States    district 
court  for  northern  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  May  20,  1852,  in 
Lee  county,  111.    He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  school  of  Dixon,  111. ;  and  in  1872  graduated  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan.    He  has  b«en  mayor  of  Dixon ;  master-in- 


580  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

chancery;  and  United  States  attorney  for  the  northern  district 
of  Illinois.  He  is  now  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  northern  district  of  Illinois ;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

574.  Landis,  Kenesaw  M.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Illinois.     Since  1905  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  northern  district  of  Illinois ;  and  resides 
in  Chicago,  111. 

575.  Wright,   Francis  Marion,  judge   United   States   district 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Illinois,  was  born  Aug.  5,  1844, 
in  Brier  Ridge,  Ohio.     He  served  throughout  the  civil  war.    In 
1867  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Georgetown,  Ohio ;  and  in 
1868-91  practiced  his  profession  in  Urbana,  111.     In  1891-97  he 
was  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit  of  Illinois ;  in  1897-1903 
was  judge  of  the  appelate  court  of  Illinois ;  and  in  1903-05  was 
judge  of  the  United  States  court  of  claim  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
Since  1905  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  eastern  district  of  Illinois ;  and  resides  in  Urbana,  111. 

576.  Humphrey,  J.  Otis,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Illinois,  was  born  Dec.  30,  1859,  in  Morgan  county,  111.    He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Shurtleff  college  of 
Alton,  111.     For  two  years  he  taught  school ;  and  in  1880  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.     In  1880-83  he  was  legal  clerk  in  the  office 
of  the   railroad   and   warehouse   commissioners   of   Illinois.      In 
1884  he  was  presidential  elector;  and  in  1896  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  republican  convention.    In  1897-1901  he  was  United 
States    district    attorney    for    the    southern    district    of    Illinois. 
Since   1901   he   has   been   United   States   district   judgre   for   the 
southern  district  of  Illinois ;  and  resides  in  Springfield,  111. 

577.  Anderson,  Albert  Barnes,  jud^e  United   States  district 
court  for  Indiana,  was  born  Feb.  10,  1857,  near  Zionsville,  Ind. 
In  1879  he  graduated  from  Wabash  College  with  the  degree  of 
A.  M.     In  1881  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Crawfordsville, 
Ind. ;  and  in  1886-90  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Montofomerv 
county,  Ind.    Since  1902  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  district  of  Indiana ;  and  resides  in  Indiana 
polis,  Ind. 

578.  Reed,  Henry  Thomas,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Iowa.     He  is  a  member  of  the  American  bar  association. 
Since  1904  he  has  been  judgr  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  northern  district  of  Iowa ;  and  resides  in  Cresco,  Iowa. 

579.  McPherson,   Smith,   jndsre  United   States  district  court 
for  Iowa,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1848,  in  Morgan  county.  Ind.     He 
received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  state ;  attended  the  academy  of  Mooresville,  Ind. ; 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  581 

and  graduated  from  the  Iowa  state  university.  In  1874-80  he 
was  state  district  attorney  for  the  third  district  of  Iowa;  and 
in  1881-85  was  attorney-general  of  Iowa;  and  was  a  member  of 
several  important  committees.  Since  1900  he  has  been  United 
States  district  judge  for  the  southern  district  of  Iowa;  and 
resides  in  Red  Oak,  Iowa. 

580.  Pollock,  John  C.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Kansas,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1859,  in  Belmont  county,  Ohio.     In 
1888-1901   he  practiced  law   in  Winfield,   Kan.;  and  in   1901-03 
was  associate-justice  of  the  supreme   court  of   Kansas.     Since 
1903  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for 
Kansas ;  and  resides  in  Kansas  City,  Kan. 

581.  Cochran,  A.  M.  J.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Kentucky.     Since  1901  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Kentucky ;  and  resides 
in  Maysville,  Ky. 

582.  Evans,  Walter,  judge  United   States  district  court   for 
Kentucky,  was  born  Sept.  18,  1842,  in  Barren  county,  Ky.    He 
entered  the  union  army  in  1861  and  served  throughout  the  civil 
war.    After  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  Hopkinsville,  Ky. ;  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican 
national  conventions  of  1868,  1872  and  1880.     In  1871  he  was 
elected  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature ;  and  in  1872  was 
elected  a  state  senator.     He  removed  to  Louisville ;  and  in  1883 
was  appointed  commissioner  of  internal  revenue  in  the  treasury 
department  at   Washington.     He  was   a   member  of  the   fifty- 
fourth  and  fifty-fifth  congresses  as  a  republican.     Since  1899  he 
has  been   judge   of  the   United   States   district   court    for     the 
western  district  of  Kentucky ;  and  resides  in  Louisville,  Ky. 

583.  Saunders,  Eugene   Davis,  judge  United  States   district 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Louisiana,  was  born  July  25, 
1853,  in  Campbell  county,  Va.     In  1869-74  he  attended  the  uni 
versity  of  Virginia ;  and  in  1874  graduated  from  the  law  depart- 
men  of  that  institution.     He  was  professor  of  common  law  and 
equity  at  the  Tulane  university.     He  is  the  author  of  Saunders 
on  Taxation ;  and  other  works.     Since  1907  he  has  been  judge 
of  the   United    States   district   court   for   the   eastern    court    of 
Louisiana ;  and  resides  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

584.  Boardman,  Aleck,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Louisiana,  was  born  Dec.  10,  1839,  in  Yazoo  City,  Miss.    He  was 
educated  in  the  Kentucky  military  college.     He  served  through 
out  the  war  as  an  officer  in  the  conferederate  army  from  Man- 
assas  to  Appomatox.     He  began  to  practice  law  in  1866 ;  and 
settled  in  Louisiana.     He  was  a  representative  from  Louisiana 


583  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

to  the  forty-second  congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  and  was  judge 
of  the  state  district  court  for  one  term.  Since  1881  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  western  district 
of  Louisiana  for  life  term;  and  resides  in  Shreveport,  La. 

585.  Hale,  Clarence,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Maine,  was  born  in  1848  in  Maine.  He  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  in  the  public  schools ;  attended  Norway  academy ; 
and  in  1869  graduated  from  Bowdoin  college.  Since  1871  he  has 
practiced  law  in  Portland,  Me.    In  1879-82  he  was  city  solicitor ; 
and  in  1883-86  was  a  representative  in  the  state  legislature.    He 
was  counsel  for  the  New  England  Telephone  company ;  and  a 
director  and  trustee  with  the  management  of  some  of  the  largest 
enterprises  in  Portland,  Maine.    Fpr  many  years  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Portland  board  of  trade ;  prominent  on  the  school 
board  of  that  city;  and  active  in  its  municipal  government.  Since 
1902  he  has  been  United  States  district  judge  for  the  state  of 
Maine;  and  resides  in  Portland,  Maine. 

586.  Morris,  Thomas  J.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Maryland,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1837,  in  Baltimore,  Md.     In 
1856  he  graduated  from  Harvard  college.    Since  1879  he  has  been 
judge   of   the   United    States   district    court   of   Maryland;   and 
resides  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

587.  Dodge,  Frederick,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Massachusetts.     In  1905  he  became  United  States  district  judge 
for  Massachusetts;  and  resides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

588.  Swan,    Henry    Harrison,    judge    United    States    district 
court  for  Michigan,  was  born  Oct.  2,  1840,  in  Detroit,  Mich.    He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the  university  of  Michi 
gan,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  He 
practiced  law  until  1891  in  Detroit,  Mich. ;  and  has  filled  various 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.     Since  1891  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  United   States  district    court    for    the    eastern    district    of 
Michigan ;  and  resides  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

589.  Knappen,   Loyal  Edwin,  judge    United  States    district 
court  for  the  western  district  of  Michigan,  was  born  Jan.  27, 
1854,  in  Hastings,  Mich.     In  1875  he  began  the  practice  of  law; 
in  1879-83  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Barry  county,  Mich. ; 
and  in  1883-88  was  United  States  commissioner.     Since  1906  he 
has  been  United  States  district  judge  for  the  western  district 
of  Michigan ;  and  resides  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

590.  Purdy,    Milton    Dwight,   judge    United   States    district 
court  for  Minnesota,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1866,  in  Mogadore,  Ohio. 
In  1892-97  he  was  assistant  city  attorney  of  Minneapolis,  Minn. ; 
and  in  1901-02  was  United  States  attorney  for  Minnesota.    Since 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  583 

1909  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court;  and 
resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

591.  Morris,  Page,  judge  United  States  district  court  for  Min 
nesota,  was  born  June  30,  1853,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.     In  1873  he 
was  appointed  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  Texas  military 
institute,  and  removed  to  Austin,  Tex.;  and  in  1876  was  elected 
professor  of  applied  mathematics  in  the  agricultural  and  mechan 
ical  college  of  Texas,  located  near  Bryan,  in  that  state,  where 
he  remained  for  three  years.     In  1889  he  was  elected  municipal 
judge  of  the  city  of  Duluth;  in  1894  was  elected  by  the  city 
council  of  Diuluth  city  attorney;  and  in  1895  was  appointed  by 
the  governor  district  judge  of  the  eleventh  judicial  district  of 
Minnesota.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth  and 
fifty-seventh  congreses  as  a  republican.    Since  1903  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  Minnesota;  and 
resides  in  Duluth,  Minn. 

592.  Niles,  Henry  Clay,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Mississippi,  was  born  Oct.  21,  1850,  in  Kosciusko,  Miss.    In  1878 
and  in  1886  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legis 
lature;  and  in  1880  was  a  delegate  to  the  national  republican 
convention.     He   was   United   States   district   attorney   for   the 
northern  district  of  Mississippi  in  1890-91.     Since  1892  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  northern 
and  southern  Mississippi ;  and  resides  in  Kosciusko,  Miss. 

593.  Dyer,   David  Patterson,  judge   United    States    district 
court  for  eastern  district  of  Missouri,  was  born  Feb.  12,  1838, 
in  Henry  county,  Va.     He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools ;  and  graduated  from  St.  Charles  col 
lege.  He  moved  to  Missouri,  and  was  elected  a  district  prosecut 
ing  attorney  in  1860 ;  and  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1862  and  1865.     He  had  command  of  the  forty-ninth  Missouri 
volunteers  during  a  part  of  the  cival  war.     He  was  elected  sec 
retary  of  the  state  senate  in  1866 ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
convention  of   1868 ;   and  was   elected    a    -representative    from 
Missouri  to  the  forty-first  congress.    He  is  United  States  district 
attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Missouri ;  and  resides  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

594.  Philips,  John  F.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
the  western   district  of  Missouri,   was  born   Dec.   31,   1843,  in 
Boone  county,  Mo.     He  served  the  government  as  colonel  of  a 
regiment  of  cavalry  throughout  the  civil  war ;  a  part  of  the  time 
was   brigadier-commander;   and    was    promoted    to    brigadier- 
general.     He  was  a  member  from  Missouri  to  the  forty-fourth 
congress,  and  was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth  congress  to  fill  a 


584  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

vacancy.  Since  1888  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  western  district  of  Missouri;  and  resides 
in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

595.  Hunt,  William  Henry,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Montana,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1857,  in  New  Orleans,  La.     In 
1885-87   he  was  attorney -general  of  Montana;  and  in   1889-94 
was  judge  of  the  district  court.    In  1894-1900  he  was  justice  of 
the   supreme   court   of   Montana;   in   1900-01   was   secretary   of 
Porto  Rico;  and  in  1901-04  was  governor  of  Porto  Rico.     Since 
1904  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for 
Montana;  and  resides  in  Helena,  Mont. 

596.  Munger,  William  Henry,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Nebraska,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1845,  in  Bergen,  N.  Y.  In 
1875  he  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  Ne 
braska.     Since  1897   he  has  been  judge   of  the  United   States 
district  court  of  Nebraska;  and  resides  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

597.  Munger,  T.  C.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Nebraska.     Since  1909  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  Nebraska;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

598.  Farrington,  Edward  Silsby,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Nevada,  was  born  Sept.  6,  1856,  in  Eureka,  Cal.     He 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  1887  in  Nevada;  and  in  1900  and 
1902  he  was  the  republican  nominee  for  congress.     Since  1907 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
district  of  Nevada ;  and  resides  in  Carson  City,  Nev. 

599.  Aldrich,  Edgar,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
New  Hampshire,  was  born  in  1848  in  Pittsburg,  N.  H.    In  1885 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  New  Hampshire  legislature  and 
speaker  of  the  house.     Since   1891   he  has  been  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  New  Hampshire ;  and  resides  in 
Littleton,  N.  H. 

600.  Lanning,  William  M.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  New  Jersey.     Since  1904  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  New  Jersey;  and  resides  in  Trenton, 
N.J. 

601.  Cross,  Joseph,    United   States  district  judge  for    New 
Jersey,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1843,  in  Morristown,  N.  J.  He  attended 
the  Pearl  cottage  seminary  at   Elizabeth,  N.  J.     He  practiced 
law  and  was  district  judge  of  the  city  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.     He 
has  been  a  member  of  both  houses  of  the  New  Jersey  state  legis 
lature  ;  and  was  speaker  of  the  assembly  and  president  of  the 
senate.     Since  1905  he  has  been  a  United  States  district  judge 
for  New  Jersey ;  and  resides  in  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

602.  Mills,  William  Joseph,  judge  United  States  district  court 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  585 

for  New  Mexico,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1849,  in  Yazoo  City,  Miss. 
In  1877  he  graduated  from  Yale  law  school;  and  practiced  law 
until  1898.  He  has  been  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut 
state  legislature  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  state  senate. 
Since  1898  he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  New  Mexico;  and  resides  in  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 

603.  Ray,  George  Washington,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  the  northern  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Feb.  3, 
1844,  in  Chenango  county,  N.  Y.  He  served  in  the  union  army 
during  the  civil  war  as  a  private  and  brigade  clerk.  Since  1867 
he  has  practiced  law ;  and  in  1883-85  and  1891-1903  was  a  mem 
ber  of  congress.  Since  1902  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United 
States  district  court  for  the  northern  district  of  New  York;  and 
resides  in  Norwich,  N.  Y. 

804.  Adams,  George  Bethune,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  New  York,  was  born  April  3,  1845,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
In  1861  he  served  in  the  civil  war  with  the  three  months'  volun 
teers  ;  went  to  the  front  at  the  time  of  Lee's  invasion  of  Penn 
sylvania;  and  after  his  discharge  he  served  in  the  quarter 
master's  department  until  1871.  In  1878-83  he  practiced  law  in 
Philadelphia;  and  after  that  in  New  York  City,  becoming 
especially  prominent  in  admiralty  cases.  Since  1901  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  southern  dis 
trict  of  New  York;  and  resides  in  New  York  City. 

605.  Holt,  George  Chandler,    judge    United    States    district 
court  for  New  York,  was  born  Dec.  31,  1843,  in  Mexico,  N.  Y. 
In  1866  he  graduated  from  Yale  university;  and  in  1869  from 
Columbia  law  school.    In  1869-98  he  practiced  law  in  New  York 
city;  and  in  1898-1903  was  referee  in  bankruptcy.  Since  1903  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  United   States    district    court    for    the 
southern  district  of  New  York ;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

606.  Hough,  Charles  M.,  judge  United  States  court  for  New 
York.    Since  1906  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  of  the  eastern  district  of  New  York;  and  resides  in  New 
York  city. 

607.  Chatfield,  Thomas  J.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  the  eastern  district  of  New  York;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

608.  Hazel,  John  Raymond,  United  States  district  judge  for 
the  western  district  of  New  York,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1860,  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  and  in  1882  he  began  the  practice  of  law.    He 
administered  the  constitutional  oath  of  office  to  President  Roose 
velt  at  Buffalo  in  1901,  immediately  after  the  death  of  President 


586  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

AicKinley.  Since  1900  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
d, strict  court  for  the  western  district  of  New  York;  and  resides 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

609.  Purnell,  Thomas  R.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  North  Carolina,  was  born  1847  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.     He 
entered  the  confederate  army  at  sixteen  years  of  age;  and  sur 
rendered  and  paroled  at  Greensboro  in  1865.     He  has  served  in 
both  branches  of  the  North  Carolina  legislature.    Since  1897  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  eastern 
district  of  North  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

610.  Boyd,  James  E.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
the  North  Carolina,  was  born  Fieb.  14,  1845,  in  Alamance  county, 
N.  C.    In  1861-65  he  served  in  the  confederate  army  as  a  private 
soldier ;  first  in  the  thirteenth  regiment  North  Carolina  infantry ; 
and  toward  the  end  of  the  war  in  the  first  regiment  of  the  North 
Carolina  cavalry;  surrendering  with  Lee's  army  at  Appomattox 
Court  House,  Va.     He  was  educated  at  Graham  academy  and 
Davidson  college  of  North  Carolina;  and  in  1868  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.     In  1874-75  he  was  a  representative  in  the  North 
Carolina   state   constitutional   convention.     In   1880-85   he   was 
United  States  attorney  for  the  western  district  of  North  Caro 
lina  ;  in  1885-97  practiced  law  in  Greensboro,  N.  C. ;  and  in  1897- 
1900  was  assistant  attorney-general  of  the  United  States.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  district  judge  of  the  United  States  for  the 
western  district  of  North  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Greensboro, 
N.  C. 

611.  Amidon,  Charles  Fremont,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  North  Dakota,  was  born  Aug.  17,  1856,  in  Clymer,  N.  Y. 
In  1893  he  was  a  member  of  the  commission  to  revise  codes  and 
statutes  of  North  Dakota.    Since  1896  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  North  Dakota;  and  resides  in 
Fargo,  N".  D. 

U12.  Taylor,  Robert  W.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Ohio.  Since  1895  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  northern  district  of  Ohio;  and  resides  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

613.  Thompson,  Albert  Clifton,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Ohio,  was  born  Jan.  23,  1842,  in  Brookville,  Pa.  He 
served  in  the  union  army,  rising  from  the  rank  of  sergeant  to 
that  of  captain.  In  1865  he  moved  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio;  was 
probate  judge  of  Scioto  county  in  1869-72 ;  and  in  1882  was 
elected  judge  of  the  common  pleas  for  the  second  sub-division  of 
seventh  judicial  district  of  Ohio.  He  was  a  member  from  Ohio 
to  the  forty-ninth,  fiftieth  and  fifty-first  congresses  as  a  repub- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  587 

lican.  Since  1898  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  the  southern  district  of  Ohio ;  and  resides  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

614.  Sater,  John  Elbert,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  the   southern  district  of  Ohio,  was  born  Jan.   16,  1854,  in 
Hamilton,  Ohio.     In  1884  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  and  for 
five  years  was  president  of  the  board  of  education  of  Columbus, 
Ohio.    Since  1907  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district 
court  for  the  southern  district  of  Ohio ;  and  resides  in  Columbus, 
Ohio. 

615.  Campbell,  Ralph  E.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  eastern  district  of  Oklahoma ;  and    resides    in    Muskogee, 
Oklahoma. 

616.  Cotteral,  John  H.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
the  western  district  of  Oklahoma ;  and  resides  in  Guthrie,  Okla. 

617.  Wolverton,  Charles  Edwin,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Oregon,  was  born  May  16,  1851,  in  Des  Moines  county, 
Iowa.    He  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  university 
of  Kentucky.     In  1892  he  was  delegate-at-large  from  Oregon  to 
the  republican  national  convention.    In  1894-1905  he  was  justice, 
and   in   1898-1900   chief  justice  of  the   state   supreme   court  of 
Oregon.    Since  1905  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  dis 
trict  court  for  Oregon ;  and  resides  in  Portland,  Ore. 

618.  Holland,  James  B.,  judge  United  States  court  of  Penn 
sylvania,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1858,  in  Montgomery  county,  Pa. 
He  taught  school  in  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania ;  and  in  1882-88 
was  clerk  to  the  county  commissioners  of  Montgomery  county, 
Pa.     In  1887-93  he  was  solicitor  for  the  county  commissioners ; 
and  in  1893-95  was  district  attorney  of  Montgomery  county,  Pa. 
In  1898-99  he  was  a  naval  officer  at  Philadelphia ;  and  in  1900-04 
was  United  States  district  attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of 
Pennsylvania.    Since  1904  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States 
district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  resides 
in  Conshohocken,  Pa. 

619.  McPherson,  John  Bayard,  judge  United  States  district 
for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1846, 
in  Harrisburg,  Pa.    In  1882-99  he  was  common  pleas  judge.  Since 
1899  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for 
the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  resides  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa. 

620.  Archbald,  Robert  Wodrow,  United  States  district  judge 
for  the  middle  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Sept.  10,  1848, 
in  Carbondale,,  Pa.    He  graduated  from  Flushing  institute,  Yale 
college,  in  1871 ;  and  in  1884  was  elected  additional  law  judge 


588  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  the  forty-fifth  judicial  district  of  Pennsylvania,  then  became 
presiding  judge  of  the  said  district,  receiving  the  re-election  in 
1894  for  another  ten  years.  Since  1901  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  middle  district  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  being  the  first  incumbent  of  the  office;  and  resides  in 
Scranton,  Pa. 

621.  Young,  James  S.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
the  western  district  for  Pennsylvania;  and  resides  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa. 

622.  Quinones,  Jose  Severs,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Porto  Rico,  was  born  in  1839  in  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico.    He 
was  president  of  the  former  supreme  court  of  Porto  Rico  under 
the  United  States  military  govenrment.    Since  1900  he  has  been 
chief  justice  of  the   state   supreme   court   of   Porto   Rico;  and 
resides  in  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

623.  Brown,  Arthur  Lewis,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Rhode  Island,  was  born  Nov.  28,  1854,  in  Providence,  R.  I. 
Since  1896  he  has  been  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Rhode  Island;  and  resides  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

624.  Brawley,  William  H.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
from  South  Carolina,  was  born  May  13,  1841,  in  Chester,  S.  C. 
He  served  in  the  confederate  army,  and  was  solicitor  of  the  sixth 
judicial  circiuit.     He  served  in  the  legislature  of  South  Carolina. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-second  congress  as  a  democrat ; 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  and  served  until  February, 
1894,  when  he  was  appointed  United   States  judge  for  South 
Carolina  by  President  Cleveland.    Since  1894  he  has  been  judge 
of  the  United   States   district   court   for   South    Carolina ;   and 
resides  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 

625.  Garland,  John  Emmett,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  South  Dakota,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1853,  in  Oswego  countv, 
N.  Y.    In  1885  he  was  appointed  United  States  attorney  for  Da 
kota  territory.     In  1888  he  became  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Dakota  territory ;  and  since  1896  has  been  United  States  dis 
trict  judge  for  the  district  of  South  Dakota. 

626.  Sanford,  Edward  Terry,     judge  United  States  district 
court  for  the  middle  and  eastern   districts  of  Tennessee,  was 
born  July  23,  1865,  in  Knoxville,  Tenn.     In  1889  he  began  the 
practice  of  law;  and  in  1898-1907  was  lecturer  in  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Tennessee.     In   1907-09  he  was 
assistant  attorney-general  of  the  United  States.  Since  1909  he 
has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  middle 
and  casern  districts  of  Tennessee;  and   resides    in    Knoxville, 
Tenn. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  589 

627.  McCall,  John  Etheridge,    judge  United  States    district 
court  for  Tennessee,  was  born  Aug.  24,   1859,  in   Clarksburg, 
Tenn.     In  1887-91  he  was  a  representative  in     the     Tennessee 
state   legislature;   and   in   1895-97  was  a   member  of  congress. 
Since  1905  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  western  district  of  Tennessee;  and  resides  in  Memphis, 
Tenn. 

628.  Bryant,  David  E.,  judge  United  States  district  for  Texas, 
was  born  Oct.  19,  1849,  in  LaRue  county,  Ky.     In  1873-90  he 
practiced  law  in  Grayson  county,  Tex.     Since  1890  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Texas;  and 
resides  in  Sherman,  Tex. 

629.  Maxey,  Thomas  S.,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  the  western  district  of  Texas,  was  born  Sept.   1,  1846,  in 
Brandon,  Miss.    He  served  in  the  confederate  army  for  one  year. 
In  1870  he  was  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legislature ; 
and  from  1870  practiced  law  in  Texas.     Since  1888  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  western  district 
of  Texas ;  and  resides  in  Austin,  Texas. 

630.  Meek,   Edward   Roscoe,   judge    United    States    district 
court  for  Texas,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1865,  in  Davenport,  Iowa. 
In  1887  and  1889  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  and 
LL.  B.  from  the  state  university  of  Iowa.     In  1891  he  became 
general  attorney  for  the  Fort  Worth  and  Denver  city  railway. 
Since  1898  he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court 
for  the  Northern  district  of  Texas ;  and  resides  in  Dallas,  Texas. 

631.  Burns,  Walter  T.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Texas.     He  is  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
southern  district  of  Texas ;  and  resides  in  Houston,  Texas. 

632.  Marshall,  John  Augustine,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Utah,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1854,    in    Fauquier    county, 
Va.     He  was  educated  at  the  Shenandoah  Valley  academy;  and 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Virginia.     In  1878  he  began 
the  practice  of  law  in   Salt  Lake  City,  Utah ;  in  1888-89  was 
probate  judge  for  Salt  Lake  county,  Utah ;  and  in  1892  was  a 
representative  in  the  Utah  state  legislature.  Since  1896  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  district  of 
Utah ;  and  resides  in  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

633.  Martin,  James  L.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Vermont,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1846,  in  Landgrove,  Vt.     In  1874- 
76  he  was  states  attorney.     In  1878-84  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  Vermont  state  legislature  and  was  speaker  of  the  house. 
Since  1898  he  has  been  United  States  district  attorney  for  Ver 
mont  ;  and  resides  in  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


590  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

634.  Waddill,  Edmund,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Virginia,  was  born  May  22,  1855,  in  Charles  City  county,  Va.  In 
1880  he  was  elected  by  the  legislature  of  Virginia  judge  of  the 
county  court  of  Hendico,  and  resigned  this  office  in  1883  to  accept 
the  office  of  United  States  attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of 
Virginia,  which  position  he  filled  till  1885.    He  was  elected  in  the 
latter  year  to  the  legislature,  in  which  body  he  served  till  he 
resigned  to  take  his  seat  in  the  fifty-first  congress.     Since  1898 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Virginia;  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Va. 

635.  McDowell,    Henry   Clay,   judge   United    States    district 
court  for  Virginia,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1861,  in  Louisville,  Ky. 
In  1884  he  graduated  from  Yale  university;  and  in  1885  from 
the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Virginia.  In  1885  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Virginia  bar.     Since  1901  he  has  been  judge  of 
the  United  States  district  court  for  the  western  district  of  Vir 
ginia;  and  resides  in  Lynchburg,  Va. 

636.  Hanford,  Cornelius  Holgate,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  Washington,  was  born  April  21,  1849,  in  Van  Buren 
county,  Iowa.     He  is  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  west, 
and  prominent  in  the  public  affairs  of  Washington  territory.   He 
has  served  as  city  attorney  of  Seattle ;  was  a  member  of  the 
council  of  Washington  territory ;  and  served  with  distinction  as 
chief  justice  of  Washington  territory.     Since  1890  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  district  of  Wash 
ington  ;  and  resides  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

637.  Whitson,  Edward,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Washington.    He  is  United  States  district  judge  for  the  eastern 
district  of  Washington ;  and  resides  in  Spokane,  Wash. 

638.  Dayton,   Alston    Gordon,   judge   United    States   district 
court  for  West  Virginia,  was  born  Oct.  18,  1857,  in  Philippi,  W. 
Va.    In  1878  he  graduated  from  the  university  of  West  Virginia. 
In  1879  he  was  appointed  to  fill  out  an  unexpired  term  as  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Upshur  county,  W.  Va.,  and  was  elected  and 
served  as  prosecuting  attorney  of  Barbour  county  for  a  four- 
years'  term  in  1884-88.     He  was  a  member  of  the  fifty-fourth, 
fifty-fifth,   fifty-sixth,    fifty-seventh    and    fifty-eighth    congresses 
as  a  republican ;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftv-ninth  congress, 
but  resigned  in  March.  1905,  to  accept  the  position  of  United 
States  district  judge.     He  is  now  United  States  district  judge 
for    the    northern    district    of   West    Virginia,    and    reslides    in 
Philippi,  W.  Va. 

639.  Keller,  Benjamin  Franklin,  judge  United  States  district 
court  for  the  southern  district  West  Virginia,  was  born  April  21, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  591 

1857,  in  Boalsburg,  Pa.  In  1876  he  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  M.  S.  from  the  Pennsylvania  state  college ;  and  in  1852  gradu 
ated  from  the  law  school  of  Columbian  university.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  George  Washington  university.  In 
1882-1901  he  was  in  the  active  practice  of  law.  Since  1901  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  southern 
district  of  West  Virginia;  and  resides  in  Bramwell,  W.  Va. 

640.  Quarles,  Joseph  Very,  judge  United  States  district  court 
for  Wisconsin,  was  born  D£C.  16,  1843,  in  Kenosha,  Wis.  Dur 
ing  the  civil  war  he  attained  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  in  com 
pany  C,  thirty-ninth  regiment  Wisconsin  infantry.    He  has  been 
a  representative  in  the  Wisconsin  state  legislature ;  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.     In  1899-1905  he  was  a  United  States 
senator  from  Wisconsin.     Since  1905  he  has  been  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Wiscon 
sin  ;  and  resides  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

641.  Sanborn,  Arthur  Loomis,  judge  United   States  district 
court  for  Wisconsin,  was  born  Nov.  17,  1850,  in  Brasher  Falls, 
N.  Y.     In  1880-1905  he  practiced  law.     Since  1905  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  western  district 
of  Wisconsin ;  and  resides  in  Madison,  Wis. 

642.  Riner,  John  A.,  judge  United  States  district  court  for 
Wyoming,  was  born  in  1850  in  Preble  county,  Ohio.  In  1879  he 
graduated  from  the  university  of  Michigan.    In  1881  he  was  city 
attorney  of  Cheyenne,  Wyo. ;  and  in   1884  was  United  States 
district   attorney   for   Wyoming  territory.     In    1886   he   was   a 
member  of  the  upper  house  of  the  Wyoming  territorial  legis 
lature  ;  and  in  1890  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Wyoming  state 
senate,  but  resigned  to  become  judge.     Since  1890  he  has  been 
judge  of  the  United  States  district  court    for     the     district  of 
Wyoming;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

651.  Dowdell,  James  Render,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Alabama,  soldier,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  April  2,  1847, 
in  La  Fayette,  Ala.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Lafayette  and  Auburn,  Ala.  In  1864-65  he  attended  the  uni 
versity  of  Alabama ;  and  in  1867  he  graduated  from  the  college 
at  Auburn  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  and  .A.  M.  Tn  I«fi4-6o  he 
served  in  the  civil  war  as  a  cadet  in  the  confederate  states  arnrr. 
In  1870  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  La  Eayette,  Ala.  In 
1876-80  he  was  circuit  solicitor  of  the  ninth  judicial  circuit;  and 
for  lour  years  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit.  In  1896-98  he 
was  chancellor  of  the  northeastern  division.  Since  1898  he  has 
been  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Alabama ;  and 
ides  !#  La  Fayette,  Ala. 


592  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

652.  Sayre,  A.  D.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Alabama ;  and  resides  in  Montgomery,  Ala. 

653.  Evans,  A.  A.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Alabama ;  and  resides  in  Clayton,  Ala. 

654.  Anderson,  John   Crawford,  associate-justice    state    su 
preme  court   of  Alabama,  was  born  Aug.   5,   1853,  in   Greene 
county,  Ala.  In  1885-95  he  practiced  law  in  Demopolis;  and  in 
1895-1904  was  circuit  judge  of  the  first  judicial  circuit  of  Ala 
bama.     He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  of  Alabama  for  the 
term  of  1904-10;  and  resides  in  Demopolis,  Ala. 

655.  Simpson,  Robert  Tennent,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Alabama,  was  born  June  5,  1837,  in  Florence,  Ala.    He 
served  throughout  the  civil  war  in  the  confederate  army.     In 
1865-1903  he  practiced  law.    Since  1903  he  has  been  an  associate- 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Alabama ;  and  resides  in 
Florence,  Ala. 

656.  Mayfield,  J.  J.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Alabama;  and  resides  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

657.  McClellan,  Thomas  C.,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
eourt  of  Alabama ;  and  resides  in  Athens,  Ala. 

658.  Kent,  Edward,  associate-justice  supreme  court  of  Ari 
zona,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1862,  in  Lynn,  Mass. ;  and  is  a  son  of 
Edward  Kent,  governor  of  Maine  in  1838-40.     In  1879  he  grad 
uated  from  Adams  academy  of  Quincy,  Mass ;  in  1883  he  grad 
uated   from   Harvard   university ;   and   in   1887   graduated   from 
Columbia  law  school.     H'e  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1887  in 
New  York  City ;  and  in  1896  removed  to  Denver,  Colo.    In  1900 
he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Colorado  state  legislature;  and  in 
1901-02  was  assistant  United  States  attorney  for  Colorado.  Since 
1902  he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Arizona, 
and  resides  in  Phoenix. 

659.  Lewis,  Ernest  W.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Arizona,  was  born  Dec.  27,  1875,  in  Indiana,    Pa.     He    was 
educated  in  the  university  of  Minnesota    ;and  graduated  from 
the  law  department  of  that  institution  of  learning.     He  attained 
success  in  the  practice  of  law;  and  became  reporter  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  Arizona  for  the  term  of  1909-13 ;  and  resides  in 
Globe,  Ariz. 

660.  TJoan,  Fletcher  Morris,  associate-justice  supreme  court 
of  Arizona,  was  born  July  21,  1846,  in  Circleville,  Ohio.    In  1876 
he  graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  university,  which  institu 
tion  subsequently  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  A.  M.     In 
1868  he  graduated  from  the  Albany  law  school ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  New  York  supreme  court ;  in  1869  by  the  Missourij 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  593 

supreme  court;  and  in  1895  by  the  supreme  court  of  Arizona. 
In  1894-96  he  was  district  attorney  for  Final  county,  Arizona. 
Since  1897  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  and 
judge  of  the  second  judicial  district  of  Arizona ;  and  resides  in 
Tombstone,  Arizona. 

661.  Doc,  Edward  M.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Arizona;  and  resides  in  Prescott,  Ariz. 

662.  Campbell,  John  H.r  associate-Justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Arizona.     Since  1900  he  has  been  an  associate-justke  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Arizona ;  and  resides  in  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

663.  Frauenthal,  Samuel,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Arkansas ;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

664.  Battle,  Burrill   Bunn,   associate- justice    state    supreme 
court  of  Arkansas,  was  born  July  24,  1838,  in  Hinds  county,  Miss. 
In  1885  he  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  upon  the  supreme  bench 
of  the  state,  and  in  1886  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position  for 
the  full  term  of  eight  years.     He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Arkansas  state  assembly.     Since   1894  he  has  been  associate- 
justice  of  the  state  supreme   court  of  Arkansas,   and   is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  hi  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

665.  McCulloch,  Edgar  Allen,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Arkansas,  was  born  Aug.  1,  1861,  in  Trenton,  Tenn.   In 
1883-1904  he  practked  law  in  Mariana,  Ark.     He  is  assoeiate- 
justiee  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Arkansas  for  the  term  of 
1904-12 ;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

666.  Wood,  Carroll  David,  associate-justice    state    supreme 
court  of  Arkansas,  was  born  July  8,  1867.     He  has  been  state 
superintendent  public  instruction  of  Arkansas.     In     1882-86     he 
was  district  attorney;  and  in  1886-93  he  was  circuit  judge.  Since 
1893  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Arkansas,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides 
in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

667.  Hart,  Jesse  C.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Arkansas;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

668.  Beatty,  William  Henry,  chief  justice,  state  supreme  court 
of  California,  was  born  Feb.  18,  1838,  in  Lucas  county,  Ohio.  In 
1843-55  he  studied  in  the  public  schools  of  Kentucky  and  Cali 
fornia;  and  in  1856-58  attended  the  University  of  Virginia.     In 
1863  he  moved  from  California  to  Nevada;  and  in  1864-74  was 
district  judge  in  Nevada,  and  in  1879-80  was  chief  justice.     He 
then  practiced  law  in  Sacramento,  Cal.     Since  1899  he  has  been 
chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  California,  his  present 
term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

669.  Angellotti,   Frank   M.,   associate-justice    state   supreme 


694  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

court  of  California.  He  practiced  law  in  San  Rafael,  Cal.  Since 
1902  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
California  for  the  term  of  1902-10;  and  resides  in  Sacramento, 
Cal. 

670.  Henshaw,  Frederick  W.,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  California.    He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  California  for  the  term  of  1900-10 ;  and  resides  in  Sacra 
mento,  Cal. 

671.  McFarland,    Thomas   Bard,    associate-justice    supreme 
court  of  California,  was  born  April  19,  1828,  in  Mercersburg,  Pa. 
He  graduated  from  Marshal  college  of  Mercersburg,  Pa. ;  and  in 
1849  began  the  practice  of  law.    In  1862-70  he  was  district  judge 
for  Nevada  and  Placer  counties,  Cal. ;  and  in  1874-78  was  register 
United  States  land  office  at  Sacramento  county,  Cal.;  and  in 
1879  was  a  member  of  the  California  state  constitutional  conven 
tion.     Since  1886  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  su 
preme  court  of  California ;  and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

672.  Shaw,  Lucien,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
California,  was  born  March  1,  1845,  in  Vevay,  Ind.     In  1869-89 
he  practiced  law;  and  in  1889-1902  was  judge  of  the  superior 
court  for  Los  Angeles  county,  Cal.    Since  1903  he  has  been  an 
associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  California ;  and 
resides  in  Sacramento,  Cal. 

673.  Jordan,  Frank  C.,  clerk  state  supreme  court  of  California 
Since  1900  he  has  been  a  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  of  California ; 
and  resides  in  Sacramento,  Cal. 

674.  Lorigan,    William  G.,    associate-justice    state    supreme 
court  of  California.    He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  California  for  the  term  of  1906-18;  and  resides  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

675.  Sloss,  M.  C.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
California.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
California  for  the  term  of  1906-18;  and  resides  in  Sacramento, 
Cal. 

676.  Steele,  Robert  Wilbur,  associate-justice  supreme  court  of 
Colorado,  was  born  Nov.  14,  1857,  in  Lebanon,  Ohio.     He  was 
educated  at  Dayton,  Ohio;  in  1877  graduated  from    high  school 
of  Denver,  Col. ;  and  studied  law  in  the  Columbian  university. 
In  1881  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  1881-85  was  clerk 
of  the  county  court  of  Arapahoe  county,  Col.     In  1892-95  he 
was  district  attorney  for  fhe  second  judicial  district  of  Colorado ; 
and  in  1895-1901  was  county  judge  for  Arapahoe  county,  Col. 
Since  1901  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  595 

court  of  Colorado  for  the  ten-year  term  of  1901-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Denver,  Colo. 

677.  Campbell,  John,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Colorado,  was  born  Sept.  13,  1853,  in  Monroe  county,  Ind.     In 
1877   he   graduated   from    the    Iowa   state    university ;   and   has 
received  the  degrees  of  LL.  B.  and  A.  M. ;  and  subsequently 
received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.     For  nine  years  he  practiced  law 
in  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. ;  and  was  district  judge  there  for  six 
years.     In  1885  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Colorado  state 
legislature;  and  in   1887  was  a  member  of  the  Colorado  state 
senate.     For  three  years   he  was   city   attorney     of     Colorado 
Springs,  Colo. ;  for  one  year  was  county  attorney ;  is  now  dean 
emeritus  of  the  law  school  of  the  university  of  Colorado ;  and  a 
trustee  of  the  Colorado  college.     Since  1895  he  has  been  justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Colorado,  and  was  re-elected  for 
a  term  of  nine  years  in  1903 ;  and  resides  in  Denver,  Colo. 

678.  Gabbert,   William   Henry,   chief   justice   state    supreme 
court  of  Colorado,  was  born  Oct.  12,  1849,  in  Scott  county,  la.  He 
was   educated   in  the   public   schools ;   and   graduated   from   the 
high  school  of  Davenport,  Iowa.    In  1870-79  he  practiced  law  in 
Davenport,  Iowa ;  and  in  1879  moved  to  Colorado.     In  1893-97 
he  was  judge  for  the  seventh  district  court  of  Colorado.     Since 
1897  he  has  been  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Colorado 
and  chief  justice  since  1904;  in  1907  was  re-elected  for  the  full 
term  of  fen  years ;  and  resides  in  Telluride,  Col. 

679.  Musser,  George  W.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Colorado ;  and  resides  in  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

680.  White,  S.  Harrison,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Colorado ;  and  resides  in  Pueblo,  Colo. 

681.  Baily,  Morton  S.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Colorado,  was  born  July  3,  1855,  in  Wellsboro,  Pa.    In  1882-92 
he  practiced  law  in  Fairplay,  Colo. ;  and  in  1896  was  a  candidate 
from  Colorado  on  the  democratic  ticket.     In  1892-1909  he  was 
judge  of  the  district  court.     Since  1909  he  has  been  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Colorado;  and  resides  in 
Canon  City,  Colo. 

682.  Hill,  William  A.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Colorado ;  and  resides  in  Flort  Morgan,  Colo. 

683.  Killian,  James  R.,  clerk  state  supreme  court    f  Colorado : 
and  resides  in  Denver,  Colo. 

684.  Richardson,  Felix  A.,  librarian   state   supreme  court  of 
Colorado,  was  born  Dec.  11,  1835,  in  Glasgow,  Ky.    He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  county ;  and 
graduated  from  Urania  college.     During  the  civil  war  in  1863- 


596  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

65  he  was  deputy  provost  marshal  for  the  third  district  of  Ken 
tucky;  and  in  1865-69  he  was  deputy  postmaster  of  Glasgow, 
Ky.  Since  1885  he  has  been  in  the  service  of  the  state  of  Col 
orado  as  bailiff  and  librarian ;  and  is  still  filling  the  office  of 
librarian  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Colorado ;  and  resides  in 
Denver,  Col. 

685.  Baldwin,  Simeon  Eben,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Connecticut,  was  born  Feb.   5,  1840,  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Since  1872  he  has  been  professor  of  constitutional  law  in  Yale 
University.     During  1872-87  he  was  a  member  of  various  state 
commissions   for  the   revision   of  laws   on   education,   pleading, 
taxation  and  general  statutes.     In  1890  he  was  president  of  the 
American   Bar  Association ;   president   of  the   American   Social 
Science  association  in  1897 ;  during  1884-96  was  president  of  the 
New  Haven  Colony  Historical  society;  and  in   1899   president 
of  the  International  Law  association ;  was  president  of  the  asso 
ciation  of  American  law  schools ;  and  in  1905-06  was  president 
of  the  American   Historical  association.     He   is  the  author  of 
Modern  Political  Institutions ;  American  Railroad  Law ;  and  The 
American  Judiciary.    In  1893  he  was  appointed  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  errors,  and  in  1907  became  chief  justice , 
and  resides  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

686.  Hall,  Frederick  Byron,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Connecticut,  was  born  Feb.  20,  1843,  in  Saratoga  Springs. 
N.  Y.     In  1877-89  he  was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas ; 
and  in  1889-97  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Connecticut. 
Since  1897  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  errors  of  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  1907-12  ;  and  resides 
in  Hartford,  Conn. 

687.  Roraback,   Alberto   T.,   associate   justice   state   supreme 
court  of  Connecticut ;  and  resides  in  Canaan,  Conn. 

688.  Prentice,  Samuel  Oscar,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Connecticut,  was  born  Aug.  8,  1850,  in  North  Stoning- 
ton,  Conn.  In  1889-1900  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Con 
necticut.  He  is  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  errors  of 
Connecticut  for  the  term  of  1900-1910;  and  resides  in  Hartford, 
Conn. 

689.  Thayer.  John  M.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Connecticut.     He  is  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Connecticut ;  and  resides  in  Norwich,  Conn. 

690.  Lore,  Charles  Brown,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Delaware,  was  born  March  16,  1831,  in  Odess,  Del.     In  1869- 
74  he  was  attorney-general  of  Delaware.     He  was  a  presidential 
elector  in  1880  and  1892.    He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-eighth 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  597 

and  forty-ninth  congress  as  a  democrat.  Since  1893  he  has  been 
chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Delaware ;  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

691.  Grubb,  Ignatius  C.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Delaware,  was  born  April  12,  1841,  in  Grubbs  Landing,  D'el. 
He  is  the  author  of  Colonial  and  State  Judiciary  of  Delaware. 
Since  1897  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Delaware,  and  resides  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

692.  Spruance,  William  Corbit,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Delaware,  was  born  April  2,  1831,  in  Smyrna,  Del.    In 
1855-71  he  practiced  law  in  New  Castle,  Del. ;  and  in  1871-97  in 
Wilmington,  Del.     He  was  United  States  district  attorney  for 
four  years.    Since  1897  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Delaware;  and  resides  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

693.  Pcnnewill,  James,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Delaware,  was  born  June  16,  1854,  in  Sussex  county,  Del.     In 
1875  he  graduated  from   Princeton  university.     In   1878-87   he 
practiced  law  in  Dover,  Del. ;  and  for  many  years  was  solicitor 
in  Delaware  for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  company.     He  has 
been  chairman  of  the  Delaware  republican  state  central  com 
mittee.     Since  1897  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Delaware ;  and  resides  in  Dover,  Del. 

694.  Boyce,  William  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
for  the  term  of  1902-06 ;  is  now  an  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Delaware ;  and  resides  in  Georgetown,  Del. 

695.  Claubaugh,  Harry  M.,  lawyer,  jurist.  Since  1904  he  has 
been  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  district  of  Colum 
bia. 

696.  Barnard,  Job,  associate-justice  supreme  court  of  the  dis 
trict    of      Columbia,    was      born    June     8,    1844,     in      Porter 
county,   Ind.     In   1862   he   enlisted   as   private   in   company   K, 
seventy-third   Indiana   volunteer   infantry,   and   served   through 
civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  first  sergeant.     He  is  associate- 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  district  of  Columbia ;  and 
resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

697.  Anderson,  Thomas  H.,  associate  justice  supreme  court 
of  the  district  of  Columbia,  was  born  June  6,  1848,  in  Belmont, 
Ohio.    After  leaving  Mount  Union  college  he  taught  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Ohio;  and  became  principal  of  Cambridge  high 
school.     In  1871-89  he  practiced  law  in  Cambridge,  Ohio.     In 
1889-90  he  was  consul-general  and  in  1890-93  minister  plenipo 
tentiary  of  the  United   States  to   Bolivia.     He   then   practiced 
law  in  Washington,  D.  C.     Since  1901  he  has  been  associate 


598  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  the  district  of  Columbia; 
and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

698.  Gould,  Ashley  Mulgrave,  associate  justice  supreme  court 
of  the  district  of  Columbia,  was  born  in  October,  1859,  in  Nova 
Scotia.     He   was   educated   in  the   public  and   high   schools   of 
Northampton,  Mass. ;  in  1881  graduated  from  Amherst  college ; 
and  in  1884  from  the  law  school  of  Georgetown  university.  In 
1884  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  in  1898  was  a  representative 
in  the  Maryland  state  legislature;  and  in  1901-02  was  United 
States  attorney  for  the  district  of  Columbia.     He  is  lecturer  in 
the    Georgetown   university   law    school.     He   is   associate   jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  district  of  Columbia;  and  resides 
in  Washington,  D.  C. 

699.  Wright,  Daniel  T.,  associate  justice  supreme  court  for 
the  district  of  Columbia,  was  born  Sept.  28,  1864,  in  Riverside, 
Ohio.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

700.  Stafford,   Wendell   Phillips,   associate   justice   state   su 
preme   court   for  the   district   of   Columbia,   was   born   May   1, 
1861,  in  Barre,  Vt.    In  1898-99  he  was  president  of  the  Vermont 
bar  association.     In  1896-1900  he  was  reporter  of  decisions  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Vermont.     Since  1904  he  has  been  associ 
ate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  the  district  of  Colum 
bia;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

701.  Shackelford,  Thomas  Mitchell,  chief  justice  state  supreme 
court   of    Florida,    author,    was    born    Nov.  14,    1859,    in    Fay- 
etteville,  Tenn.    In  1883-93  he  practiced  law  in  Brooksville,  Fla. ; 
and    in    1893-1902    at    Tampa,    Fla.      Since    1902    he    has    been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Florida.     He  is 
the  author  of  Amos  Kohegan ;  and  By  Sunlit  Waters ;  and  resides 
in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

702.  Taylor,    Robert   Fenwick,   chief   justice    state    supreme 
court  of  Florida,  was  born  March  10,  1849,  in  Beaufort  district, 
S.    C.     He   was   member   Florida   constitutional    convention   in 
1855.    He  is  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Florida; 
and  resides  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

703.  Cockrell,  Robert  Spratt,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Florida,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1866,  in  Livington,  Ala.     In 
1891  he  began  the  practice  of  law.     In  1902  he  became  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Florida;  and  resides 
in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

704.  Hocker,  William  Adam,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Florida,  was  born  Dec.  5,  1844,  in  Buckingham  county, 
Va.     He  studied  law  and  practiced  from  1874  in  FJorida.     In 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  599 

1877  and  1891  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Florida  state  legis 
lature;  and  in  1885  was  a  member  of  the  Florida  constitutional 
convention.  In  1877-86  he  was  states  attorney  for  the  fifth 
circuit  of  Florida;  and  in  1893-1901  was  judge  of  the  same  dis 
trict.  He  is  associate-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Florida; 
and  resides  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

705.  Whitfield,  James  Bryan,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Florida,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1860,  in  Wayne  county,  N.  C.     In 
1886  he  received  the  degree  of  B.   L.  from  the  university  of 
Virginia.     In  1886  he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law;  in 
1897-1902  was  state  treasurer  of  Florida;  and  in  1903-04  was 
attorney-general  of  the  state  of  Florida.    Since  1904  he  has  been 
an  associate  justice  and  since  1909  chief  justice  of  the  state  su 
preme  court  of  Florida ;  is  now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1913 ; 
and  resides  in  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

706.  Parkhill,   Charles   Breckenridge,  associate  justice   state 
supreme  court  of  Florida,  was  born  June  23,  1859,  near  Talla 
hassee,  Fla.    He  was  educated  at  the  Jefferson  academy  of  Mon- 
ticello,  Fla. ;  attended  the  Randolph-Macon  college ;  and  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  of  Virginia.    He  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  has  been  a  member  of  the  Florida  state  senate ;  solicitor  of 
the  criminal   court  of  record  for  Escambia   county,   Fla.;  and 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  for  the  first  judicial  circuit  of  the  state. 
He  is  now  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Florida 
for  the  term  of  1905-13 ;  and  resides  in  Talahassee,  Fla. 

707.  Carter,  Francis  Beauregard,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  on 
Aug.  12,  1861,  in  Jackson  county,  Fla.     Since  1897  he  has  been 
an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Florida. 

708.  Fish,  William  Hansell,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Georgia,  was  born  May  12,  1849,  in  Macon,  Ga.     In  1891- 
96  he  was  circuit  judge.     Since  1896  he  has  been  associate  jus 
tice  and  since  1905  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Georgia ;  and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

709.  Holden,  Horace  M.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Georgia;  and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

710.  Evans,  Beverly  Daniel,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Georgia,  was  born  May  21,  1865,  in  Sandersville,  Ga.  In 
1884-89  he  practiced  law ;  and  in  1886-87  was  a  representative  in 
the  Georgia  state  legislature.    In  1899-1904  he  was  judge  of  the 
circuit  court.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Georgia  for  the  term  of  1904-10;  and  resides  in  Sandersville, 
Ga. 

711.  Lumpkin,  Joseph  H,,  associate  justice     state     supreme 


600  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

court  of  Georgia.    In  1900  he  became  an  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Georgia;  and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

712.  Beck,  Marcus  W.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Georgia.    In  1900  he  became  an  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Georgia ;  and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

713.  Atkinson,   Samuel  C.,   associate   justice   state  supreme 
court  of  Georgia.    In  1900-07  he  served  his  first  term  as  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Georgia. 

714.  Frear,  Walter  Francis,  chief  justice  supreme  court  of 
Hawaii,  was  born  Oct.  29,  1863,  in  Grass  Vjalley,  Cal.     In  1885 
he  graduated  from  Yale  university ;  and  in  1890  from  Yale  law 
school.     He  soon  acquired  success  in  the  practice  of  law.     In 
1893  he  became  judge  of  the  first  circuit  court  of  Hawaii;  and 
three  months  later  became  associate-justice  of  the  supreme  court 
for  the  territory  of  Hawaii.     In  1898  he  was  a  member  of  the 
commission   to   recommend   to   congress   legislation   concerning 
Hawaii ;  and  in  1903-05  was  chairman  of  the  Hawaiian  code  com 
mission.     Since   1893  he  has  been  associate  justice,  and  since 
1900   chief  justice   of   the   supreme   court   for  the   territory   of 
Hawaii;  and  resides  in  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

714a.  Hartwell,  A.  S.,  associate  justice  United  States  su 
preme  court  for  Hawaii,  was  born  June  11,  1836,  in  Dedham, 
Mass.  He  served  in  the  civil  war;  enlisting  as  private  in  a  third 
Missouri  regiment.  He  was  afterward  first  lieutenant  in  the 
forty-fourth  Massachusetts  regiment ;  was  captain  of  the  fifty- 
fourth  ;  was  lieutenant  and  colonel  in  the  fifty-fifth  Massachu 
setts;  and  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  of  the  United  States 
volunteers.  In  1867  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Massachu 
setts  state  legislature.  In  1868-74  he  was  the  first-associate  jus 
tice  of  the  kingdom  of  Hawaii ;  was  attorney-general  in  1874-78 ; 
and  in  1899-1900  was  special  agent  for  the  government  of  Hawaii 
in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  now  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  the  territory  of  Hawaii. 

715.  Stewart,  George  E.,  associate  justice  of  the  state  su 
preme  court  of  Idaho ;  and  resides  in  Boise,  Idaho. 

716.  Ailshie,  James  Franklin,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Idaho,  was  born  June  19,  1868,  in  Green  county,  Tenn. 
For  two  terms  he  was  regent  of  the  Idaho  state  university.  Since 
1903  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Idaho ;  and  resides  in  Grangeville,  Idaho. 

717.  Sullivan,  Isaac  N.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Idaho,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1848,  in  Iowa.    He  was  educated  in 
the   public   schools   and   at   Adrian   college   of   Michigan.     For 
many  years  he  practiced  law  in  Iowa  and  at  Hailey,  Idaho ;  and 
attained  prominence  at  the  bar.    In  1890  he  was  elected  associate 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  601 

justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Idaho;  was  re-elected  in  1892, 
1898,  and  1904  and  1908;  was  three  times  chief  justice;  and  is 
now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1912.  He  is  prominently  iden 
tified  with  the  republican  party ;  and  resides  in  Hailey,  Idaho. 

718.  Cartwright,  James    Henry,    justice    supreme    court    oi 
Illinois,    born    Dec.    1,    1842,     in  Maquoketa,  Iowa.     He  was 
educated  at  Rock  River  seminary  at  Mt.  Morris,  111.;  and  in 
1867  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of 
Michigan ;  captain  company  I,  140th  regiment  Illinois  volunteers ; 
elected  judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  1888;  assigned  to  appellate 
court  1891.    Since  1895  he  has  been  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Illinois  for  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Oregon,  111. 

719.  Farmer,  William.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Illinois,  was  born  June  5,  1853,  in  Fayette  county,  111.     In 
1876  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Vandalia,  111.     In  1888-90 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  house  of  representatives;  and 
in  1890-94  he  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  senate.     In 
1897-1906  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court;  and  in  1907  was 
elected  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois  for  term  ending 
in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Vandalia,  111. 

720.  Vicfcers,  Alonzo  Knox,  associate  justice  states  supreme 
court  of  Illinois,  was  born  Sept.  25,  1853,  in  Massoc  county,  III. 
In  1882  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  1886  was  a  member 
of  the  Illinois  state  legislature.     In  1891-1906  he  was  judge  oi 
the  circuit  court  for  the  first  judicial  circuit  of  Illinois.     Since 
1906  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Illinois;  and  resides  in  East  St.  Louis,  111. 

721.  Hand,  John  Pryor,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Illinois,  was  born  Nov.  10,  1850,  in  Henry  county,  111.     In 
1866-76  he  studied  at  Rock  River  seminary  of  Mt.  Morris,  IH. ; 
and  in  1875  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Iowa 
state  university.    In  1875  he  began  the  practice  of  law ;  in  1885- 
90  was  county  judge  for  Henry  county,  111. ;  and  in  1890-94  was 
assistant  United   States   attorney   for  the   northern   district  of 
Illinois  in  Chicago.    Since  1900  he  has  been  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Illinois;  was  chief  justice  in  1903-04;  and  re 
sides  in  Cambridge,  III. 

722.  Carter,  Orrin  N.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Illinois,  was  born  Jan.  22, 1854,  in  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.    In 
1864  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Dai  Page  county,  111. ;  and 
in  1877  graduated  from  Wheaton  college.     He  studied  law  in 
Chicago  under  Judge  M.   F,   Tuley  and  General  I.   N.   Stiles; 
taught   school   and   in    1880-92   was   county   superintendent   oi 
schools  for  Grundy  county,  111.    In  1882-88  he  was  prosecuting 


602  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

attorney  for  Grundy  county,  111. ;  and  in  1892-94  was  attorney  for 
the  Chicago  drainage  board.  In  1898-1906  he  was  county  judge 
of  Cook  county,  111.;  and  resides  in  Chicago,  111. 

723.  Dunn,  Frank  Kershner,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Illinois,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1854,  in  Mount  Gilead,  Ohio. 
Since  1878  he  has  practiced  law  in  Charleston,  111.    In  1897-1903 
he  was  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Illinois.    He  is  now 
an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Illinois  for 
the  term  of  1907-15 ;  and  resides  in  Charleston,  111. 

723A.     Cooke,  George  A.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Illinois;  and  resides  in  Aledo,  111. 

724.  Myers,  Quincy  A.,  associate  justice  of  the  superior  court 
of  Indiana,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1853,  in  Logansport,  Ind.    He  was 
educated  at  Dartmouth  college;  and  at  the  Albany  law  school. 
He  has  been  city  attorney  of  Logansport,  Ind. ;  served  as  county 
attorney ;  and  was  a  presidential  elector.    Since  1909  he  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Indiana;  is  now 
serving  his  term  of  1909-16 ;  and  resides  in  Logansport,  Ind. 

725.  Jordan,  James  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Indiana,  was  born  Dec.  21,  1842,  in  Woodstock,  Va.     He 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  union  army  during  the  civil  war;  has 
been  state's  attorney;  and  is  now  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Indiana. 

726.  Montgomery,  Oscar  Hilton,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Indiana,  was  born  April  27,  1859,  in  Seymour, 
Ind.     In  1884-1904  he  practiced  law  in  Seymour,  Ind.;  and  for 
ten  years  was  its  city  attorney.     Since   1905  he  has  been  an 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Indiana;  and  re 
sides  in  Seymour,  Ind. 

727.  Hadley,  John  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Indiana;  and  resides  in  Danville,  Ind. 

728.  Monks,  Leander  John,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Indiana,  was  born  July  10,  1848,  in  Winchester,  Ind. 
In  1869-78  he  practiced  law;  and  in  1878-94  was  judge  of  the 
circuit  court  for  the  twenty-fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Indiana.  Since 
1895  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Indiana ;  is  now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides 
in  Winchester,  Ind. 

729.  Sherwin,  John  C.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Iowa,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1838,  in  Saint  Lawrence,  N.  Y.    He  was 
twice  elected  county  clerk  of  Kane  county,  111. ;  and  was  city 
attorney  of  Aurora.     He  served  three  years  in  the  union  army 
during  the  civil  war ;  and  was  elected  a  representative  from  Illin 
ois  to  the  forty-sixth  and  forty-seventh  congresses  as  a  repub- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  603 

lican.     He  is  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Iowa 
for  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

730.  McClain,  Emlin,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Iowa,  was   born  Nov.   28,   1851,   in   Salem,  Ohio.     In   1871   he 
graduated  from  the  state  university  of  Iowa;  and  has  received 
the  degrees  of  Ph.  B.,  A.  B.,  L    L.  B.,  A.  M.,  and  LL.  D.     In 
1873-81  he  practiced  law  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa.     In  1881  he  be 
came  professor  in  and  in  1890-1900  was  chancellor  of  the  law 
department  of  the  university  of  Iowa.     Since  1901  he  has  been 
judge   of  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa.     In   1894  he  was   com 
missioner  from  Iowa  to  act  with  commissioners  of  other  states 
to  recommend  uniform  laws;  and  was  one  of  the  code  commis 
sioners  for  the  revision  of  the  code  of  Iowa.     He  compiled  an 
Annotated  Code  of  Iowa,  and  a  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  that  state.     He  is  the  author  of  A  Treatise 
on  the  Criminal  Law  as  Now  Administered  in  the  'United  States ; 
also  of  volumes  of  selected  cases  on  Carriers  and  Constitutional 
Law;  and  prepared  the  article  on  Carriers   for  the  American 
Cyclopedia  of  Law  Procedure.    Since  1901  he  has  been  judge  of 
the   state   supreme   court  of   Iowa;  and   resides   in   Iowa  city, 
Iowa. 

731.  Weaver,  Silas  Matteson,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Iowa,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1845,  in  Chautauqua  county, 
N.  Y.     He  was  educated  at  Fredonia  academy,  N.  Y. ;  and  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession.    In  1883-86  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
Iowa  general  assembly ;  and  in  1887-1901  was  judge  of  the  dis 
trict  court  of  Iowa.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Iowa;  and  resides  in  Iowa  Falls,  Iowa. 

732.  Ladd,  Scott  M.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Iowa,  was  born  June  22,  1855,  in  Sharon,  Wis.     In  1875-77  he 
attended  Beloit  college  of  Wisconsin;  then  Carthage  college  of 
Illinois ;  and  in  1881  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
state  university  of  Iowa.     For  several  years  he  practiced  law  in 
Sheldon,  Iowa ;  and  in  1887-97  was  district  judge  of  Iowa.    Since 
1897  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Iowa;  and  resides  in  Sheldon,  Iowa. 

733.  Evans,  William  D.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Iowa,  was  born  May  10,  1852,  in  Marquette  county,  Wis.     In 
1858  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Williamsburg,  Iowa ;  in  1873 
graduated  from  the  classical  course  of  the  state  university;  and 
in  1879  graduated  from  the  law  course.     In  1879  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Hampton ;  and  in  1886-90  was  county  attorney 
of  Franklin  county.     In  1902  he  became  judge  of  the  district 
court  for  the  eleventh  judicial  district.    Since  1908  he  has  been 


604=  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

a  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Iowa;  is  now  chief  jus 
tice;  and  resides  in  Hampton,  Iowa. 

734.  Deemer,   Horace   Emerson,   associate   justice   state   su 
preme  court  of  Iowa,  was  born  Sept.  24,  1858,  in  Marshall  county, 
Indiana.     He  graduated  from  the  state  university  of  Iowa.     In 
1887-94  he  was  judge  of  the  district  court  for  the  fifteenth  dis 
trict  of  Iowa.    In  1898-1904  he  was  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court;  and  is  now  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Iowa  for  the  term  of  1905-12 ;  and  resides  in  Red  Oak,  Iowa. 

735.  Bousquet,  Henry  Louis,  clerk  state  supreme   court   of 
Iowa,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1840,  in  Amsterdam,  Holland.    In  1849 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States  and  located  in 
Pella,  Iowa.    He  served  in  the  civil  war  in  company  G.,  thirty- 
third  regiment  Iowa  infantry;  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant  and  quartermaster  of  the  fourth  Arkansas  cavalry.     For 
four  years  in  1869-73  he  was  clerk  of  the  district  court  for  Marion 
county,  Iowa;  and  in  1874-84  was  assistant  cashier  of  the  Pella 
national  bank.    Then  for  a  number  of  years  he  was  engaged  in 
the  general  merchandising  business  in  Knoxville,  Iowa.     Since 
1908  he  has  been  clerk  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Iowa;  and 
resides  in  Knoxville,  Iowa. 

736.  Johnston,  William  Agnew,  chief  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Kansas,  was  born  July  24,  1848,  in  Canada.     He  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  in  Canada;  and  his  academic 
education  in  Illinois.     In  1872-74  he  practiced  law  in  Kansas; 
was  a  representative  in  the   Kansas   state  legislature;  and  in 
1876  became  a  member  of  the  Kansas  state  senate.     In  1879  he 
was  assistant  United  States  attorney  for  Kansas;  and  in  1880- 
84  was  attorney-general  for  Kansas.     Since  1884  he  has  been 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Kansas,  and  chief  justice 
since  1902 ;  and  resides  in  Topeka,  Kan. 

737.  Benson,  Adrian  L.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Kansas ;  and  resides  in  Ottawa,  Kans. 

738.  Burch,  Rosseau  Angelus,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Kansas,  was  born  Aug.  4,  1862,  in  Williamsport,  Ind. 
He  was  educated  at  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and  is  a  lawyer 
by  profession.     Since  1902  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Kansas ;  and  resides  in  Salina,  Kans. 

739.  'Mason,  Henry  F.,  justice  state  supreme  court  of  Kansas, 
was  born  Feb.  17,  1860,  in  Racine,  Wis.     He  was  educated  at 
the  university  of  Wisconsin ;  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.     In 
1899-1901  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Kansas  state  legislature. 
In  1903  he  became  a  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Kan 
sas  ;  and  resides  in  Garden  City,  Kan. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  «05 

740.  Smith,  Clark  Allen,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Kansas,  was  born  July  29,  1846,  in  Rock  county,  Wis.     He 
is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Kansas;  and 
resides  in  Cawker  city,  Kan. 

741.  Porter,  Silas,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Kansas.    Since  1900  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Kansas ;  and  resides  in  Kansas  city,  Kan. 

742.  Graves,  Charles  Burleigh,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Kansas,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1841,  in  Richmond,  Ind.  He 
has  been  county  attorney;  and  for  twelve  years  was  judge  of  the 
district  court.     Since  1905  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Kansas ;  and  resides  in  Emporia,  Kan. 

743.  Hobson,  John  Peyton,  associate  justice   state  supreme 
court  of  Kentucky,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1850,  in  Powhattan  county, 
Va.    He  was  educated  in  the  private  schools  of  his  native  county ; 
and  graduated  from  Washington  college  of  Virginia.     In  1870 
he  moved  to  Kentucky;  for  three  years  taught  in  Lynnland  in 
stitute  ;  and   in   1873-98   practiced   law   in   Hardin   county,   Ky. 
Since  1898  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  appeals  for  Kentucky ;  and  resides  in  Elizabethtown,  Ky. 

744.  Barker,  H.  S.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Kentucky.    Since  1903  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Kentucky;  and  resides  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

745.  Nunn,  T.  J.,  associate  justice  state  supreme   court  of 
Kentucky.     Since  1900  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Kentucky ;  and  resides  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

746.  O'Rear,  Edward  Clay,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Kentucky,  was  born  Feb.  2, 1863,  in  Montgomery  county, 
KV.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals 
for  Kentucky  for  the  term  of  1901-10 ;  and  resides  in  Frankfort, 
Ky. 

747.  Settle,  Warner  Ellmore,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court,   of   Kentucky,   was   born   Jan.   21,   1850,   in    Greensburg, 
Kv.     In  1871-92  he  practiced  law;  and  in  1892-1902  was  circuit 
judgre.    Since  1902  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Kentucky;  and  resides  in   Frankfort,  Ky. 

748.  Carroll,  John  D.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Kentucky;  and  resides  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

749.  Lassingr.  John  M..  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Kentuckv.     In  1900-06  he  was  iudgfe  of  the  circuit  court  of 
Kentucky.     Since  1907  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  Kentucky ;  and  resides  in  Wal 
ton,  Ky. 

750.  Breaux,  Joseph   A.,  chief  justice  state   supreme  court 


606  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Louisiana,  was  born  in  1838  in  Louisiana.  In  1861-65  he  served 
in  the  confederate  army.  Since  1890  he  has  been  associate  justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Louisiana ;  and  is  now  chief  justice 
for  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  New  Iberia,  La. 

751.  Nicholls,    Francis   T.,   associate    justice    state    supreme 
court  of  Louisiana.    In  1876-80  and  1888-92  he  was  governor  of 
Louisiana.     He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of   Louisiana   for  the   term    of   1900-10;    and    resides   in    New 
Orleans,  La. 

752.  Provosty,  Olivier  O.,  associate    justice    state     supreme 
court  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1852,  in  Pointe  Coupec, 
La.    In  1888-92  he  was  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  state  senate. 
Since  1901  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Louisiana ;  and  resides  in  New  Roads,  La. 

753.  Monroe,  Frank  Adair,  associate  justice  state   supreme 
court  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Aug.  30,  1844,  in  Annapolis,  Md. 
In  1860-61  he  attended  the  Maryland  military  school ;  then  en 
tered  the  confederate  states  army;  and  served  four  years  in  the 
fourth  Kentucky  infantry  and  in  the  first  Louisiana  cavalry.  He 
practiced  law  in  New  Orleans,  La. ;  and  in  1877  became  judge  of 
New  Orleans ;  and  in  1880-96  was  judge  of  the  civil  district  court 
for  the  parish  of  New  Orleans.    For  over  ten  years  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  law  faculty  of  the  university  of  Louisiana.  Since 
1899  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Louisiana ;  and  resides  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

754.  Land,  Alfred  Dillingham,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Louisiana,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1842,  in  Holmes  county, 
Mississippi.    During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  confederate 
army.    In  1867-94  he  practiced  law  in  Shreveport,  La.     In  1894- 
1903  he  was  district  judge.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Louisiana ;  and  resides  in  Shreveport,  La. 

755.  Savage,  Albert  R.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Maine,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1847,  in  Ryegate,  Vt.     He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  at  Lancaster,  N.  H. ;  and  in  1871 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  college.    For  many  years  he  was  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  the  state  of  Maine.    Since  1900 
he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Maine ;  and  resides  in  Auburn,  Maine. 

756.  Bird,  George  E.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Maine,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1847,  in  Portland,  Maine.     He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city ;  in  1869  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Harvard ;  and  subsequently  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Bowdoin.     In  1885-90  he  was 
United  States  attorney  for  the  Maine  district ;  in  1893-95  was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  607 

a  representative  in  the  Maine  state  legislature;  and  since  1907 
he  has  been  president  of  trustees  of  the  North  Yarmouth  acad 
emy.  Since  1908  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Maine  for  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides 
in  Portland,  Maine. 

757.  Emery,  Lucilius  A.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Maine,  was  born  July  27,  1840,  in   Carmel,  Maine.     In   1874, 
1875  and  1881  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  state  senate.    In 
1876-79  he  was  attorney-general  of  Maine.     He  is  lecturer  on 
Roman  law  in  the  law  school  of  the  university  of  Maine.    Since 
1883  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Maine,  and  since   1906  has  been  chief-justice;  and  resides  in 
Ellsworth,  Me. 

758.  Whitehouse,  William  Penn,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Maine,  was  born  April  9,  1842,  in  Vassalboro, 
Kennebec  county,  Maine.     For  four  years  he  was  city  solicitor 
of  Augusta,  Maine ;  county  attorney  for  seven  years ;  and  in  1878- 
90  was  judge  of  the  superior  court.     Since  1890  he  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Maine,  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1000-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

759.  Peabody,  Henry  Clay,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Maine,  was  born  April  14,  1838,  in  Gilead,  Maine.     In 
1880-1900   he   was   judge   of   probate   for   Cumberland   county, 
Maine.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
'Maine  for  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Portland,  Maine. 

760.  Spear,  Albert  M.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Maine,  was  born  March  17,,  1852,  in  Madison,  Maine.     In 
1875  he  graduated  from  Bates  college  of  Maine ;  and  is  a  lawyer 
by  profession.    In  1883-85  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Maine 
state  legislature;  and  in  1891-93  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
state  senate.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Maine  for  the  term  of  1900-10 ;  and  resides  in  Gardiner,  Maine. 

761.  King,  Arno  W.,    associate    justice    supreme    court    of 
Maine ;  and  resides  in  Ellsworth,  Maine. 

762.  Cornish,  Leslie  Colby,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Maine,  was  born  Oct.  8,  1854,  in  Winslow,  Maine.    In 
1878  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  state  legislature;  and  in  1870 
was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law.    Since  1907  he  has  been  an 
associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Maine.    Since  1905  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Augusta  savings  bank ;  and  since  1904 
has  been  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Lithgow  lib 
rary  of  Augusta,  Maine.    He  is  an  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Maine;  and  resides  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

763.  McShcrry,  James,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 


608  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Maryland.     He  is  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
appeals  for  the  term  of  1900-10 ;  and  resides  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

764.  Page,  Henry,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
'Maryland.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  appeals  for  Maryland  for  the  term  of  1900-10;  and  resides  in 
Annapolis,  Md. 

765.  Pearce,  James  Alfred,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  appeals  of  Maryland,  was  born  April  2,  1840,  in  Chester- 
town,  Md.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Wash 
ington  college ;  and  in  1860  graduated  from  Princeton  university. 
In  1860-97  he  practiced  law  in  Chestertown,  Md. ;  and  has  filled 
various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.     Since  1897  he  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  Mary 
land  ;  and  resides  in  Chestertown,  Md. 

766.  Schumacker,  Samuel  D.,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  'Maryland,  was  born  Feb.  26,  1844,  in  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
In  1863  he  was  sergeant  of  the  twenty-sixth  Pennsylvania  regi 
ment  in  Baltimore  for  thirty-two  years.     He  was  president  of 
the  bar  association ;  and  was  one  of  the  commission  which  pre 
pared  present  charter  of  Baltimore  city.    Since  1898  he  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  for  Mary 
land  ;  and  resides  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

767.  Burke,  N.  Charles,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Maryland.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Maryland  for  the  term  of  1905-20;  and  resides  in  Townson, 
Md. 

768.  Briscoe,  John  Parran,  judge  court  of  appeals  of  Mary 
land,  was  born  Aug.  24, 1853,  in  Lower  Marlboro,  Calvert  county, 
Md.     He  was  educated  at  Charlotte  hall  academy;  and  at  St. 
John's  college  at  Annapolis,  Md.     In  1879-90  he  was  states  at 
torney  for  Calvert  county,  Md. ;  in  1905-06  president  of  the  Mary 
land  state  bar  association ;  and  chairman,  of  the  local  council  for 
Maryland  of  the  American  bar  association.     He  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  Mutual  Fire  insurance  company  of  Calvert  couaty; 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  vestry  of  St.  Paul's  parish  of  Calvert 
county ;  a  member  of  the  Maryland  state  library  committee ;.  and 
has  filled  various   other  positions   of  trust  and  honor.     Since 
1891  he  has  been  judge  of  the  Maryland  state  court  of  appeals 
and  judge  of  the  seventh  judicial  circuit  of  Maryland ;  and  re 
sides  in  Prince  Frederick,  Calvert  county,  Md. 

769.  Boyd,  A.  Hunter,  judge  court  of  appeals  of  Maryland, 
was  born  July  15,  1849,  in  Winchester,  Va.     He  was  educated 
at  the  Washington  and  Lee  university ;  and  at  the  university  of 
Virginia.     In  1876-79    he  was    state's    attorney    for    Allegany 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  609 

county,  Md. ;  and  soon  attained  prominence  as  an  eminent  law 
yer  of  Maryland.  Since  1893  he  has  been  associate  judge  of 
the  court  of  appeals  of  Maryland  and  chief  judge  of  the  fourth 
judicial  circuit  of  Maryland  for  the  term  of  fifteen  years  ending 
in  Nov.  1908 ;  and  resides  in  Cumberland,  Md. 

770.  Rogers,  John  G.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Maryland ;  and  resides  in  Ellicott  city,  Md. 

771.  Knowlton,  Marcus  Perrin,  chief  justice  supreme  judicial 
court  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  F|eb.  3,  1839,  in  Wilbraham, 
Mass.     He  graduated  from  Yale  college,  and  soon  attained  suc 
cess  in  the  practice  of  law.     In  1878  he  was  a  representative  in 
the  Massachusetts  state  legislature ;  and  in  1880-81  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  state  senate.    In  1881-87  he  was  justice  of  the  super 
ior  court  of  Massachusetts.     In  1887-1902  he  was  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  of  Massachusetts ;  and  since 
1902  has  been  chief  justice  for  term  of  life ;  and  resides  in  Spring 
field,  Mass. 

772.  Morton,  James   M.,   associate   justice   supreme   judicial 
court  of  Massachusetts.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
judicial  supreme  court  for  the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts ; 
and  resides  in  Boston,  Mass. 

773.  Rugg,  Arthur  Prentice,  associate  justice  supreme  judicial 
court  of  Massachusetts.     Since  1906  he  has  been  associate  jus 
tice  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  of  Massachusetts ;  and  resides 
in  Worcester,  Mass. 

774.  Hammond,  John  Wilkes,  associate  justice  supreme  judi 
cial  court  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  Dec.  16,  1837,  in  Matto- 
poisett,  Mass.    In  1866-86  he  practiced  law  at  Combridge,  Mass. ; 
was  city  solicitor  in  1873-86;  justice  superior  court  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1886-98 ;  and  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  Massachusetts  in  1872-73.     Since  1898  he  has  been  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  of  Massachusetts ;  and  re 
sides  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

775.  Loring,  William  Caleb,  associate  justice  supreme  judi 
cial  court  of  Massachusettss,  was  born  Aug.  24,  1851.  in  Beverly, 
Mass.      In    1872   he   graduated    from    Harvard   university;   and 
from  the  law  department  of  that  institution  in  1874.     In  1875-78 
he  was  assistant  attorney-general  of  Massachusetts ;  in  1882-86 
was  general  solicitor  and  general  counsel  for  the  New  York  and 
New  England  railroad  company ;  and  in  1878-99  practiced  law  in 
Boston,  Mass.     In  1901  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from 
Harvard  university.     Since  1899  he  has  been  associate  just**-/ 
of  the  supreme  judicial  court  of  Massachusetts ;  and  resides  in 
Boston,  Mass. 


610  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

776.  Braley,  Henry  King,  associate  justice  supreme  judicial 
court  of  Massachusetts,  March  17,  1850,  in  Rochester,  Mass.     In 
1873-91  he  practiced  law  in  Fall  River,  Mass.     In  1874  was  city 
solicitor;  and  in  1882-83  was  mayor  of  that  city.     In  1891-1902 
he  was  an  associate  justice  of  the  superior  court  of  Massachu 
setts;  and  since  1902  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme 
judicial  court  of  Massachusetts ;  and  resides  in  Fall  River,  Mass. 

777.  Sheldon,  Henry  Newton,  associate  justice  supreme  judi 
cial  court  of  Massachusetts.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  su 
preme  judicial  court  of  Massachusets ;  and  resides  in   Boston, 
Mass. 

778.  McAlvay,  Aaron  Vance,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Michigan,  was  born  July  19,  1847,  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
In   1878-79  he  was  circuit  judge ;  and   also  was  circuit  judge 
in  1901-04.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Michigan;  and  resides  in  Manistee,  Mich. 

779.  Brooke,  Flavius  L.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Michigan ;  was  born  Oct.  7,  1859,  in  Norfolk,  Ontario,  Can. 
In  1900-08  he  was  circuit  judge  for  the  third  judicial  circuit  of 
Michigan.    Since  1908  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Michigan  for  the  term  ending  in  1916 ;  and 
resides  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

780.  Stone,  John  W.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Michigan  was  born  July  18,  1838,  in  Wadsworth,  Ohio.     He 
has   been   county   clerk   and   prosecuting  attorney   for   Allegan 
county,  Mich.     He  was  a  member  of  the  forty-fifth  and  forty- 
sixth  congresses ;  and  served  as  United  States  attorney  for  the 
western  district  of  Michigan.    In  1890-1909  he  was  circuit  judge 
of  the  twenty-fifth  circuit.    Since  1910  he  has  been  an  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of 
1910-17 ;  and  resides  in  Marquette,  Mich. 

781.  Blair,  Charles  A.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Michigan.  He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  1899-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Jackson. 
Mich. 

782.  Montgomery,  Robert  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Michigan,  was  born  May  12,  1849,  in  Eaton  Rapids. 
Mich.     Since  1890  he  has  been   associate  justice  of  the   state 
supreme  court  of  Michigan,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1900- 
1910 :  and  resides  in  Lansing,  Mich. 

783.  Ostrander,   "Russell   Cowles,  associate   iustice   state  su 
preme  court  of  Michigan,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1851,  in  Ypsilanti. 
Mich.     Since  1877  he  has  been  in  the  practice  of  law;  and  in 
1896-97  was  mayor  of  Lansing,  Mich.     In  1895-1904  he  was  a 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  611 

member  of  the  state  board  of  law  examiners.  In  1903-04  he  was 
president  of  the  Michigan  state  bar  association.  Since  1905  he 
has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Michi 
gan;  and  resides  in  Lansing,  Mich. 

784.  Moore,  Joseph  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Michigan,  was  born  Nov.  3,  1845,  in  Commerce,  Mich.     In 
1869-88  he  practiced  law  in  Laper,  Mich. ;  and  has  been  mayor  of 
that  city.     In  1878-80  he  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  state 
senate;  and  in  1888-96  was  judge  of  the  sixth  judicial  circuit 
of  Michigan.     Since  1896  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  Michigan;  and   resides  in   Lapeer, 
Mich.. 

785.  Hooker,  Frank  A.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
'Michigan,  was  born  Jan.  16,  1844,  in  Hartford,  Conn.    In  1867-69 
he  was  superintendent  of  schools  in  Charlotte,  Mich. ;  a  justice  of 
the  peace  in  1869-73;  and  prosecuting  attorney  in  1872-76.     In 
1878  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Mich 
igan.    Since  1894  he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Michigan,  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1903-1913 ; 
and  resides  in  Lansing,  Mich. 

786.  Start,  Charles  M.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
'Minnesota,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1839,  in  Bakersfield,  Vt.     He  is 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Minnesota.     In  1880-81  he 
was  attorney-general  of  Minnesota.     He  is  chief  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Minnesota  for  the  term  of  1900-1910; 
and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

787.  Brown,  Calvin  Luther,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Minnesota,  was  born  April  26,  1854,  in  Goshen,  N.  H. 
For  many  years  he  practiced  law  in  Morris,  Minn.     Since  1899 
he   has  been   associate   justice   of  the   state   supreme   court  of 
Minnesota  for  the  term  ending  in  1912 ;  and  resides  in  Morris, 
Minn. 

798.  Lewis,  Charles  L.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Minnesota,  was  born  March  8,  1852,  in  Ottawa,  111.  In  1893- 
96  he  was  district  judge  at  Duluth,  Minn.  Since  1900  he  has  been 
associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Minnesota  for 
the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

789.  Jaggard,  Edwin  Ames,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Minnesota,  was  born  June  21,  1859,  in  Altona,  Pa.  In 
1882  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  and  since  1893  has  been  a 
member  of  a  law  facultv  of  the  university  of  Minnesota.  In 
1898  he  became  jud^e  of  the  district  court  for  the  second  district 
of  Minnesota.  He  is  the  author  of  Jaggard  on  Torts,  in  two 
volumes;  Jaggard  on  Taxation  in  Minnesota.  Since  1905  he 


612  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Minne 
sota;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

790.  O'Brien,  Thomas  D.,  associate  justice  of  the  state  su 
preme  court  of  Minnesota,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1859,  in  La  Pointe, 
Wis.    He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state ; 
and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.    He  has  been  assistant  city  attor 
ney  for  St.  Paul,  Minn. ;  and  county  attorney  for  Ramsey  county, 
Minn.     He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  hos 
pitals  for  insane ;  a  member  of  the  national   democratic  com 
mittee;  and  a  member  of  the  charter  commission  of  St.  Paul. 
In   1905-09  he  was  commissioner  of  insurance  for   Minnesota. 
Since  1909  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Minnesota ;  and  resides  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

791.  Whitfield,  Albert  Hall,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Mississippi,  was  born   Oct.   12,  1849,  near  Aberdeen,  Miss. 
In  1871  he  graduated  with  first  honors  from  the  university  of 
Mississippi ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  D. 
from  that  institution  of  learning.     In  1871-75  he  was  professor 
of    Latin   and   Greek   in   the   university   of   Mississippi ;   and   in 
1874  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  that  institution.    In 
1892-94  he  was  dean  of  the  law  department  of  the  university  of 
Mississippi ;   and  since   1900  he  has  been   professor  of  law  in 
Millsap's  college.     He  is  the  author  of  Shall  the  Philippines  Be 
Annexed ;  and  The  Ostracised  South. 

792.  Smith,  Sydney,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Mississippi   for  term   ending  in   1918 ;   and'  resides   in   Jackson, 
Miss. 

793.  Mayes,  Robert  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Mississippi,  was  born  in  1867  in  Gallatin,  Miss.    He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  graduated 
from  the  university  of  Mississippi.     He  attained  success  at  the 
bar ;  served  as  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  senate ;  and 
was  judge  of  the  chancery  court.  Since  1906  he  has  been  associ 
ate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Mississippi  for  term 
endingf  in  1915;  and  resides  in  Jackson,  Miss. 

794.  Woodson,  A.  M.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Missouri ;  and  resides  in  Jefferson  city,  Mo. 

^95.  Graves,  Waller  W.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Missouri,  was  born  Dec.  17,  1860,  in  Lafayette  county,  Mo 
In  1899-1904  he  was  judge  of  the  twenty-ninth  circuit  court  of 
Missouri.  In  1906  he  became  an  associate  justice  of  the  su- 
P'-eme  court  of  Missouri ;  and  resides  in  Jefferson  city,  Mo. 

798.  Valliant,  Leroy  Branch,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Missouri,  was  born  June  14,  1848,  in  Moulton,  Ala.  He 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  613 

graduated  from  the  university  of  Mississippi  and  from  the  Colum 
bian  university,  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  LL.  D. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  captain  of  company  I,  twenty-second 
Mississippi  regiment  confederate  states  army.  In  1874  he  moved 
to  St.  Louis,  and  became  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Missouri. 
In  1886-98  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  St.  Louis;  and 
since  1898  has  been  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Missouri. 
He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Missouri ; 
and  resides  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

797.  Lamm,  Henry,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Missouri,  was  born  Dec.  3,  1846,  in  Burbank,  Ohio.     He  taught 
school  for  a  while;  and  in  1884-88  was  prosecuting  attorney  for 
Pettis  county,  Mo.    In  1905  he  became  an  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Missouri;  and  resides  in  Jefferson  city, 
Mo. 

798.  Burgess,  Gaven  D.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Missouri,  was  born  Nov.  5,  1830,  in  Kentucky.    He  was  educated 
in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Fleming  county,  Ky.     In 
1874-92  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  for  the  eleventh,  now 
the  twelfth,  judicial  circuit  of  Missouri.     In  1892-1901  he  was 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Missouri,  and 
since  1901  has  been  chief  justice ;  and  resides  in  Jefferson  city, 
Mo. 

799.  Gantt,  James  Britton,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Missouri,  was   born   Oct.   26,   1845,   in   Putnam   county,   Ga. 
During  the  civil  war  he  served  in  the  confederate  army.     In 
1880-86  he  was  circuit  judge  of  Henry  circuit  of  Missouri.  Since 
1890  he  has  been  associate  justice,  and  is  now  chief  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  Missouri,  and  is  now  serving  the 
term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Jefferson  city,  Mo. 

800.  Fox,  James   D.,   associate  justice   state   supreme   court 
of  Missouri,  was  born  Jan.  22,  1847,  in  Frederickstown,  Mo.     In 
1880-1902  he  was  circuit  judge  for  the  twenty-seventh  judicial 
circuit  of  Missouri ;  since  1902  has  been  associate  justice ;  and  re 
sides  in  Jefferson  city,  Mo. 

801.  Green,  John  R.,  clerk  state  supreme  court  of  Missouri ; 
and  resides  in  Jefferson  city,  Mo. 

802.  Brantley,  Theodore,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Montana  was  born  Feb.  12,  1851,  in  Lebanon,  Tenn.    Until  1889 
he  taught  languages  at  the  college  of  Montana.     In  1892-93  he 
was   district  judge   third   district   of  Montana.     Since   1889  he 
has  been  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Montana; 
and  resides  in  Deer  Lodge. 

803.  Holloway,  William  Lawson,  associate  justice  state  su- 


614  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

preme  court  of  Montana,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1867,  in  Kirksville, 
Mo.  He  was  educated  at  Hurdland  academy ;  in  1887  graduated 
from  the  Missouri  state  normal  school ;  and  in  1892  from  the 
Jaw  department  of  the  university  of  Michigan.  In  1892  he  be 
came  county  attorney  for  Gallatin  county,  Mont. ;  and  in  1900-02 
was  district  judge  for  the  ninth  judicial  district  of  Montana. 
Since  1902  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Montana;  a:  •:- \nan,  Mont. 

804.  Smith,  Henry  C.,  judge  district  court  of  Montana,  was 
born  Aug.  3,  1862  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.  Since  1896  he  has  beeen 
judge  of  the  district  court  of  Montana ;  and  resides  in  Helena, 
Mont. 

805.  Sedgwick,  Samuel  H.,,  associate  justice  supreme  court  of 
Nebraska,  was  born  March  12,  1848,  in  Dtipage  county,  111.     He 
was  educated  at  Wheaton  college  of  Illinois ;  and  studied  law  at 
the   university  of  Michigan.     He  has  been  judge   of  the  fifth 
judicial  district  court  of  Nebraska.    In  1902-06  he  was  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Nebraska,,  and  chief  justice 
since  1906;  and  resides  in  York,  Neb. 

806.  Barnes,  John  Beaumont,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Nebraska,  was  born  Aug.  26,  1846,  in  Trumbull,  Ohio. 
He  served  in  the  Ohio  volunteer  light  artillery  during  the  civil 
war.     In  1872  he  began  the  practice  of  law.     In  1879-84  he  was 
district  judge.     He   is   associate-justice  of  the    state    supreme 
court  of  Nebraska ;  and  resides  in  Norfolk,  Neb. 

807.  Letton,   Charles   Blair,   associate   justice   state   supreme 
court    of    Nebraska,    was  born    Oct.  25,  1853,    in    Edinburgh, 
Scotland.      In     1881    he    was   admitted   to   the   Nebraska   bar; 
in   1886-90   was   prosecuting  attorney.     He  is   associate-justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Nebraska  for  the  term  of  1904-12 ; 
aid  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

807b.  Rose,  William  B.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Nebraska ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

807c.  Root,  Jesse  L.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Nebraska ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

807d.  Fawcett,  Jacob,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Nebraska ;  and  resides  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

808.  Reese,  Manoah  B.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Nebraska,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1839,  in  Macoupin  county,  111. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Illinois  and  Iowa;  and 
at  the  Osceola  seminary  of  Iowa.     In  1875  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Nebraska  constitutional  convention.     In  1876-83  he  was 
district  attorney  for  the  fourth  judicial  district  of  Nebraska;  and 
in  1884-90  was  an  associate-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ne- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  615 

braska;  in  1907  he  was  again  elected  an  associate-justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Nebraska  for  term  of  1908-14 ;  and  resides 
in  Lincoln,  Neb. 

809.  Talbot,  George  Frederick,  associate  justice     state     su 
preme  court  of  Nevada,  was  born  April  6,  1859,  in  Ledyard, 
Conn.     He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  California,  Nevada 
and  Connecticut;  and  in  1878  graduated  from  Dickinson  semi 
nary  of  Williamsport,  Pa.     In  1884-86  he  was  district  attorney 
for  Elko  county,  Nev. ;  in  1890-94  was  district  judge  of  Nevada; 
and  in  1894-1902  was  district  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  district 
of  Nevada.    Since  1902  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Nevada  and  resides  in  Carson  City,  Nev. 

810.  Norcross,   Frank   Herbert,   chief  justice   state   supreme 
court  of  Nevada,  was  born  May  11,  1869,  near  Reno,  Nev.    In 
1891-92  he  was  county  surveyor ;  in  1895-96  was  district  attorney ; 
and  in  1897-98  was  a  representative  in  the  Nevada  state  legis 
lature.     He  is  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Nevada  for 
the  term   of   1905-11.     Since   1909   has  been   chief-justice;   and 
resides  in  Carson  City,  Nev. 

810a.  Sweeney,  James  G.,  associate  justice  supreme  court  of 
Nebraska,  was  born  in  Carson  City,  Nev.  He  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Nevada  legislature;  and  attorney-general  of  Nevada. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  Nevada  state  committee  for  the  term 
of  1902-06.  He  is  an  associate-justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Nevada;  and  resides  in  Carson  City,  Nev. 

811.  Parsons,  Frank  N.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
New  Hampshire,  was  born  Sept.  3,  1854,  in  Dover,  N.  H.     In 
1874  he  graduated  from   Dartmouth   college;  in   1879  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  and  soon  attained  prominence  in  the  profes 
sion  of  law.    In  1895  he  became  associate-justice  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Hampshire,  and  since  1902  has  been  chief  justice ; 
and  resides  in  Franklin,  N.  H. 

812.  Peaslee,  Robert  James,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Hampshire,  was  born  Sept.  23,  1864,,  in  Weare, 
N.  H.    In  1886-98  he  practiced  law  in  Manchester,  N.  H. ;  and  in 
1892  revised  the  city  laws  and  ordinances  of  Manchester.     In 
1901-09  he  was  justice  of  the  superior  court  of  New  Hampshire. 
In  1898-1901  and  since  1909  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of 
the   supreme   court  of  New   Hampshire;   and   resides   in   Man 
chester,  N.  H. 

813.  Walker,  Reuben  Eugene,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Hampshire,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1851,  in  Lowell, 
Mass.     In  1875  he  graduated  from  Brown  university;  and  in 
1875-78  studied  law.    In  1878-1901  he  practiced  law.    Since  1901 


616  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New 
Hampshire ;  and  resides  in  Concord,  N.  H. 

814.  Bingham,  George  Hutchins,  associate-justice  state   su 
preme  court  of  New   Hampshire,  was  born  Aug.   19,   1864,  in 
Littleton,  N.   H.     In  1883  he  graduated  from    St.    Johnsbury 
academy  of   Vermont;   from   Dartmouth   college   in   1887;  and 
from  Harvard  law  school  in  1891.     In  1891  he  was  admitted  to 
the  New   Hampshire  bar.     Since   1902   he   has  been  associate- 
justice  of  the  state  superme  court    of    New  Hampshire;    and 
resides  in  Manchester,  N.  H. 

815.  Young,  John  Edwin,  associate-justice     state     supreme 
court  of  New  Hampshire,  was  born  Jan.  26,  1855,  in  Stratham, 
N.  H.    In  1890  he  began  the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1901-04  was 
associate-justice  of  the  superior  court.     He  is  associate-justice 
of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Hampshire ;  and  resides  in  Exeter, 
N.  H. 

816.  Gummere,  William  S.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  New  Jersey.    Since  1903  he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey ;  and  resides  in  Newark, 
N.  J. 

817.  Voorhees,   Willard  P.,   associate-justice   state   supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey;  and  resides  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

818.  Parker,  Charles  W.,     associate-justice     state     supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey ;  and  resides  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

819.  Minturn,  James  F.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  New  Jersey,  was  born  July  16,  1860,  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.     He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools;  attended  the  Martha  insti 
tute;  and  graduated  from  Columbia  university.     He  has  been 
corporation  counsel  for  Hoboken,  N.  J. ;  and  in  1905-07  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  state  senate.     In   1907   he  was  a 
judge  of  the  circuit  court.     Since  1908  he  has  been  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New  Jersey  for  term  ending 
1915;  and  resides  in  Hoboken,  N'.  J. 

820.  Bergen,  James  J.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  New  Jersey;  and  resides  in  Somerville,  N.  J. 

821.  Garrison,  Charles  Grant,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  Aug.  3,  1849,  in  Swedesboro, 
N.  J.     He  was  made  judge-advocate-general  of  New  Jersey  in 
1884  and  in  1892  he  was  made  chancellor  of  the  southern  diocese 
of  the  protestant  episcopal  church  of  New  Jersey.  Since  1888  he 
has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New 
Jersey ;  and  resides  in  Merchantville,  N.  J. 

822.  Swayze,  Francis  Joseph,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  May  5,  1861,  in  Newton,  N.  J.  In 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  617 

1882-1900  he  practiced  law ;  and  in  1900-03  was  judge  of  the  cir 
cuit  court.  He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  1903-10;  and  resides  in  Newark, 
N.J. 

823.  Trenchard,  T.  W.,  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  Dec.  13,  1863,  in  Salem  county, 
N.  J.    He  was  educated  at  the  South  Jersey  institute  at  Bridge- 
ton,  N.  J.    He  has  been  city  solicitor  of  Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  was  a 
member  of  the  general  assembly  of  New  Jersey;  and  county 
judge  of  Cumberland  county,  N.  J.    He  is  now  associate-justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  1907- 
14;  and  resides  in  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

824.  Reed,  Alfred,    associate-justice    supreme  court  of  New 
Jersey,  was  born  Dec.  23,  1839,  in  Mercer  county,  N.  J.    In  1867 
he  was  mayor  of  Trenton,  N.  J.     In  1875-95  he  was  justice  of 
the  New  Jersey  supreme  court ;  and  in  1895-1904  vice-chancellor. 
He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  suprme  court  of  New  Jersey ; 
and  resides  in  Trenton,  N.  J. 

825.  Mills,  William  Joseph,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  New  Mexico,  was  born  Jan.  11,  1849,  in  Yazoo  City,  Miss.    In 
1877  he  graduated  from  Yale  law  school ;  and  practiced  law  until 
1898.     He  has  been  a  representative  in  the  Connecticut  state 
legislature  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  state  senate.     Since 
1898  he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New 
Mexico;  and  resides  in  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 

826.  Parker,  Frank  Wilson,     associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  Mexico,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1860,  in  Sturgis,  Mich. 
In  1881-98  he  practiced  law  in  Hillsboro,  N.  M.     Since  1898  he 
has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New 
Mexico;  and  also  judge  of  the  third  judicial  district  court;  and 
resides  in  Las  Cruces,  N.  M. 

827.  Cullen,  Edgar  Montgomery,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  New  York,  was  born  Dec.  4,  1843,  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.    During  the  civil  war  he  was  second  lieutenant  first  United 
States  infantry,  and  colonel  ninety-sixth  New  York  volunteers. 
He   was   engineer-in-chief,   with   rank   of   brigadier-general,   on 
staff  of  Governor  Tilden  in  1875.     In  1880  he  was  elected  su 
preme  court  justice  for  a  term  of  fourteen  years,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1894.     He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  appeals  for  New  York  for  the  term  of  1904-1920;  and 
resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

828.  Gray,  John  Clinton,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  New  York  city.     In  1866-88  he  practiced  law  in  New  York 


618  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

city.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  ap 
peals  of  New  York;  and  resides  in  New  York  city. 

829.  Fiero,  James  Newton,  reporter  state  supreme  court  of 
New  York,  was  born  May  23,  1847,  in  Saugerties,  N.  Y.     He 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  1869 ;  and  in  1895  became  dean  of 
the  Albany  law  school.    In  1892-94  he  was  president  of  the  New 
York  state  bar  association.    He  is  the  author  of  Special  Actions; 
and  Special  Proceedings.     He  is  reporter  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  New  York;  and  resides  in  Albany,  N.  Y. 

830.  Bartlett,   Edward   Theodore,   associate-justice   court   of 
appeals  state  of  New  York,  was  born  June  14,  1841,  in  Skanea- 
teles,  N.  Y.     In  1868-94  he  practiced  law  in  New  York  city. 
Since   1894   he   has   been   an   associate-justice   of  the   court  of 
appeals  for  the  state  of  New  York;  and  resides  in  New  York 
city. 

831.  Haight,  Albert,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
New  York,  was  born  F(eb.  20,  1842,  in  Ellicottville,  N.  Y.     In 
1872  he  became  county  judge  of  Erie  county,  N.  Y. ;  and  in 
1876-94  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court.     Since  1894  he  has 
been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals 
for  New  York ;  and  resides  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

832.  Vann,  Irving  Goodwin,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  New  York,  was  born  Jan.  3,  1842,  in  Ulysses,  N.  Y.  In 
1863  he  continued  his  education  at  the  Trumansburg  and  the 
Ithaca  academies ;  graduated   from   Yale   college   in    1863 ;  and 
from  the  Albany  school  in  1865.    In  1879  he  served  as  mayor  of 
Syracuse ;  and  in  1882-96  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  Since 
1896  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
appeals  of  New  York  for  the  term  of  1896-1910;  and  resides  in 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

833.  Werner,  William  E.,     associate-justice     state     supreme 
court  of  New  York,  was  born  April  19,  1855,  in  Buffalo,,  N.  Y. 
In  1895-1900  he  was  justice  of  the  supreme  court;  and  since 
1900  judge  of  court  of  appeals  of  New  York.     He  is  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  for  New  York;  and 
resides  in  Rochester  N.  Y. 

834.  Bartlett,  Willard,  justice  supreme  court  of  New  York, 
was  born  Oct.  14,  1846,  in  Uxbridge,  Mass.   In  1869-83  he  prac 
ticed  law.    Since  1884  he  has  been  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  York  for  the  second  judicial  district,  his  present  term 
ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

835.  Hiscock,  Frank  H.,  justice  supreme  court  of  New  York, 
was  born  April  16,  1856,  in  Tully,  N.  Y.     He  graduated  from 
Cornell  university;  and  is  a  trustee  of  that  institution.     He  is 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  619 

justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York  for  the  fifth  district 
for  the  term  of  1907-11 ;  and  resides  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

836.  Chase,  Emory  A.,  justice  supreme  court  of  New  York, 
was  born  Aug.  31,  1854,  in  Hensonville,  N.  Y.    He  was  educated 
at  Fort  Edward  collegiate  institute;  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion.     He  has  been  supervisor  of  the  town  of  Catskill,  N.  Y. ; 
and  for  fourteen  years  a  member  and  five  years  president  of  the 
board  of  education  of  the  city.     In   1900-05  he  was  associate 
justice  in  the  appellate  division  third  department  of  New  York ; 
and  since  1906  he  has  been  associate  judge  court  of  appeals  of 
New  York;  and  resides  in  Catskill,  N.  Y. 

837.  Clark,  Walter,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of  North 
Carolina,  was  born  Aug.  19,  1846,  in  Halifax  county,  N.  C.    He 
was  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  confederate  service.    In  1885-89  he 
was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  North  Carolina.     He  is  the 
author  of  Annotated  Code  of  Civil  Procedure  of  North  Carolina; 
and  compiled  and  edited  sixteen  volumes  of  North  Carolina  state 
records  for  1890-1906.    In  1889-1902  he  was  associate-justice,  and 
since  1903  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
North  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

838.  Manning,  James  S.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court 
of  North  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Durham,  N.  C. 

839.  Walker,  Platt  Dickinson,  associate-justice  state  supreme 
court  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1849,  in  Wilmington, 
N.  C.    He  was  eduiated  at  the  university  of  Virginia,  and  has 
received  the  degrees  of  LL.  B.  and  LL.  D.     In  1870  he  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  Rockingham,  N.  C. ;  and  from  1876  in 
Charlotte,  N.  C.     In  1874-75  he  was  a  member  of  the  North 
Carolina  state  legislature;  and  in  1899  was  first  president  of 
the  North  Carolina  bar  association.     Since   1902  he  has  been 
associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  North  Carolina, 
and  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1902-10 ;  and  resides  in  Charlotte, 
N.  C. 

810.  Hoke,  William  Alexander,  associate-justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1851,,  in  Lin- 
colnton,  N.  C.  In  1872-91  he  practiced  law  in  Shelby  and  Lin- 
colnton,  N.  C. ;  and  in  1891-1904  was  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  North  Carolina.  He  is  associate-justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  North  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Lincolnton,  N.  C. 

841.  Brown,  George  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  North  Carolina,  was  born  May  3,  1850,  in  Washington,  N.  C. 
In  1889-1904  he  was  judge  of  the  superior  court  of  North  Caro 
lina.  Since  1905  he  has  been  associate-justice  of  the  state  su- 


620  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICAN  S 

preme  court  of  North  Carolina  for  term  ending  1913 ;  and  resides 
in  Washington,  N.  C. 

842.  Morgan,  David  E.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
North  Dakota,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1849,  in  Coalport,  Ohio.     In 
1885-1901  he  was  judge  of  the  district  court.     Since  1901  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  North  Dakota.     Since  1901 
he  has  been  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of  North  Dakota; 
and  resides  in  Devils  Lake,  N.  D. 

843.  Spalding,  Burleigh  Folsom,  associate-justice  of  the  su 
preme  court  of  North  Dakota,  was  born  D'ec.  3,  1853,  in  Crafts- 
bury,  Vt.     He  received  his  education  at  the  Lyndon  Literary 
institute,  and  the  Norwich  university.    In  1882-84  he  was  super 
intendent  of  public  instruction ;  and  in  1883-87  was  a  member  of 
the  capital  commission  of  Dakota  territory  to  select  a  location 
for  the  capital  and  construct  buildings.    In  1889  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  North  Dakota,  and  served 
on  many  important  committees.    He  was  a  member  of  the  joint 
commission  of  North  and  South  Dakota  as  provided  for  by  con 
gress  to  divide  property  and  archives  of  territory  of  Dakota 
between  the  two  new  states.     He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
formation  and  organization  of  the  new  state;  and  has  always 
been  active  in  all  matters  of  public  interest  and  pertaining  to 
public  welfare.    Since  1880  he  has  practiced  law  in  Fargo,  N.  D., 
and  is  one  of  the' foremost  lawyers  of  the  south.    He  was  elected 
to  the  fifty-sixth  congress.     He  is  now  associate-justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  North  Dakota  for  term  of  1908-14;  and 
resides  in  Fargo,  N.  D>. 

844.  Fisk,  Charles  J.,  associate-justice  state  supreme  court  of 
North  Dakota,  was  born  March  11,  1862,  in  Whiteside  county, 
111.     He  has  served  as  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  first 
judicial  district  of  North  Dakota.    He  is  an  associate-justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  North  Dakota;  and  resides  in  Grand 
Fprks,  N.  D. 

844a.  Carmody,  John,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  North  Dakota ;  and  resides  in  Hillsboro,  N.  D. 

844b.  Ellsworth,  S.  E.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  North  Dakota,  was  born  Sept.  29,  1862,  near  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools;  and  at  the  Northern 
Indiana  law  school.  He  attained  prominence  at  the  bar;  and 
became  president  of  the  Bar  association  of  North  Dakota.  In 
1908  he  became  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
North  Dakota,  is  now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1911;  and 
resides  in  Jamestown,  N.  D. 

845.  Spear,  William  T.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  621 

of  Ohio,  was  born  June  3,  1834,  in  Warren,  Ohio.  In  1873-77 
he  was  prosecuting  attorney  at  Warren,  Ohio.  In  1878-85  he 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  Since  1885  he  has 
been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Ohio,  and  is 
now  serving  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Warren,  Ohio. 

846.  Davis,   William  Zephaniah,   associate   justice   state   su 
preme  court  of  Ohio,  was  born  June  10,  1839,  in  Lloydsville, 
Ohio.     He  served  a  short  enlistment  in  the  civil  war  in  the 
ninety-sixth,  regiment  Ohio  volunteers.     In  1864-1900  he  prac 
ticed  law  in  Marion,  Ohio.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Ohio  for  the  term  of  190-10;  and  resides  in 
Marion,  Ohio. 

847.  Shauck,  John  Allen,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Ohio,  was  born  March  26,  1851,  in  Ohio.    In  1866  he  graduated 
from  Otterbein  university,  receiving  from  that  institution  the  de 
grees  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  D. ;  and  graduated  in  law  from  the  uni 
versity  of  Michigan.     For  ten  years  he  was  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  Ohio.     Since  1895  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Ohio;  and  resides  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 

848.  Price,  James  L.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Ohio,  was  born  March  27,  1840,  in  New  Hagerstown,  Ohio.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools ;  and  graduated  from  the  high 
school  of  New  Hagerstown,  Ohio.     In  1862  he  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Ohio ;  and  in  1895-1901  was  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  Ohio.     Since  1901  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Ohio ;  and  resides  in  Lima,  Ohio. 

849.  Crew,  William  Binford,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Ohio,  was  born  April  1,  1852,  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio. 
He  was  educated  at  Westown  college ;  and  in  1874  graduated 
from  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  law  school.    In  1876  he  became 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Morgan  county,  Ohio ;  and  in  1889  was 
a  representative  in  the  Ohio  state  legislature.     In  1891-1902  he 
was  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  the  eighth  judicial 
district  of  Ohio.     Since  1902  he  has  been  associate  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  Ohio;  and  resides  in  McConnellsville, 
Ohio. 

850.  Summers,  Augustus  Neander,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Ohio,  was  born  June  13th,  1856,  in  Shelby,  Ohio. 
He  served  three  terms  as  city  solicitor  of  Springfield,  Ohio ;  and 
in  1894-1904  was  jud-ge  of  the  circuit  court  for  the  second  cir 
cuit  of  Ohio.     Since  1904  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  Ohio ;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

851.  Kane,  Matthew  J.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Oklahoma;  and  resides  in  Kingfisher,  Okla. 


622  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

852.  Hayes,  Samuel,  associate  justice  supreme  court  of  Okla 
homa  was  born  Sept.  17,  1875,  in  Huntsville,  Ark.    He  was  edu 
cated  in  public  schools  of  Texas ;  and  at  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia.    He  attained  success  at  the  bar  in  Oklahoma ;  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  constitutional  convention  of  Oklahoma.     He  is  now 
serving  his  second  term  as  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Oklahoma,  for  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides  in  Chickasha, 
Okla. 

853.  Williams,  R.  L.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Oklahoma ;  and  resides  in  Durant,  Okla. 

854.  Turner,  John  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Oklahoma;  and  resides  in  Vinita,  Okla. 

855.  Campbell,  W.  H.  L.,  clerk  state  supreme  court  of  Okla 
homa  ;  and  resides  in  Guthrie,  Okla. 

856.  Dunn,  Jesse  James,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Oklahoma,  was  born  O'ct.  2,  1867,  in  Channahon,  111.    He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools;  in  1886-87  attended  the  Illinois 
state  normal  school;  in  1891  graduated  from  Garden  city  busi 
ness  college  of  Kansas;  and  in  1893  received  the  degree  of  LL. 
B.    from    the    university    of    Kansas.      In    1893    he    began    the 
practice  of  law ;  and  in  1896-1900  was  county  attorney  for  Woods 
county  Okla.    In  1904  he  was  chairman  of  the  democratic  terri 
torial  committee ;  and  in  1906  was  chairman  of  the  state  demo 
cratic  committee.     He  conducted  the  campaign  for  election  of 
delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention ;  and  wrote  the  plat 
forms    on    which    the    campaign    was   waged.      Since    1907    he 
has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Okla 
homa  ;  and  resides  in  Alva,  Okla. 

857.  Moore,  Frank  A.,  associate  Justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Oregon.  Since  1903  he  has  been  an  associate  iustice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Oregon:  and  resides  in  Salem,  Ore. 

858.  Bean,   Robert    Sharp,    associate    iustice    state    supreme 
court  of  Oregon,  was  born  Nov.  28.  1854.  in  Yamhill  countv, 
Ore.     In  1882-90  he  was  circuit  Judge.     Since  1890  he  has  been 
associate  iustice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Oregon,  and  is 
now  servinor  the  term  of  1900-1910:  and  resides  in  Salem.  Ore. 

859.  Eakin,  Robert,  judge  circuit  court  of  Oregon,  was  born 
March  15,  1848,  in  Elgin,  111.     He  was  educated  at  Willamette 
university;  and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.     Since  1895  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  state  circuit  court  for  the  tenth  district  of  Ore 
gon  ;  and  resides  in  La  Grande,  Ore. 

860.  Moschzisker,  Robert  Von,  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme   court   of  Pennsylvania,   was  born   March   6,   1870,   in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.     He  was   educated  in  the  public  schools  of 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  623 

Philadelphia.  He  attained  success  at  the  bar;  became  assistant 
district  attorney ;  and  served  as  judge  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  In  1910  he  became  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania ;  is  now  serving  his  term  ending  in  1932 ; 
and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

861.  Schaffer,   William   I.,   reporter   state   supreme   court   of 
Pennsylvania ;  and  resides  in  Chester,  Pa. 

862.  Fell,  David  Newlin,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1840,  in  Buckingham,  Pa.    He 
served  in  one  hundred  and  twenty-second  Pennsylvania  volun 
teers  during  the  civil  war.     In  1876-94  he  was  judge  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.     Since  1894  he  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania  for 
the  term  of  1900-1921 ;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

863.  Brown,  J.  Hay,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Pennsylvania;  and  resides  in  Lancaster,  Pa. 

864.  Mestrezat,  Stephen  Leslie,  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme    court    of    Pennsylvania,   was   born    F;eb.    19,    1848,    in 
Mapletown,  Pa.     In  1878-81  he  was  district  attorney  of  Fayette 
county,  Pa.;  and  in  1893-99  he  was  judge  of  the  fourteenth  judi 
cial  district  of  Pennsylvania.     Since  1899  he  has  been  an  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  in 
1899  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  twenty-one  years ;  and  resides 
in  Uniontown,  Pa. 

865.  Potter,  William  Plumber,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court   of   Pennsylvania,   was   born   April    27,    1857,   in   Jackson 
county,  Iowa.     Since  1900  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  term  of  1900-1921 ; 
and  resides  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

867.  Elkin,  John  P.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  1860  in  Indiana  county,  Pa.     He  was 
educated  in  the  Indiana  normal  school ;  and  taught  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  county.     In  1884  he  graduated  from  the  law  de 
partment  of  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and  in  1885  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Indiana  county,  Pa.    In  1884-88  he  was  a  rep 
resentative   in   the   Pennsylvania   state   legislature ;   and  was   a 
delegate  to  several  republican  state  conventions.    In  1895  he  was 
appointed  deputy  attorney-general  and  in   1899  was  appointed 
attorney-general  for  Pennsylvania..    In  1902  he  was  a  candidate 
for  governor  of  Pennsylvania.     He  is  president  of  the  Farmers' 
bank  of  Indiana.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  resides  in  Indiana,  Pa. 

868.  Stewart,  John,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  Nov.  4,  1839,  in  Shippensburg,  Pa.     In 


624  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

1864  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  republican  national  convention; 
in  1872  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention ;  1880-84 
was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  state  senate.  1888  he  has 
been  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Pennsylvania ;  In  1888- 
1905  he  was  president  judge  of  the  thirty-ninth  district;  and 
since  1905  has  been  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Penn 
sylvania  ;  and  resides  in  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

.  .868a.  Elliott,  Charles  B.,  justice  supreme  court  of  Philippine 
Islands,  was  born  Jan.  6,  1861,  in  Morgan  county,  O.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Marietta  college,  the  university  of  Minnesota  and  at  the 
state  university  of  Iowa.  He  is  a  successful  lawyer  and  jurist,  is 
noted  legal  author ;  and  in  1890-98  was  professor  of  international 
at  the  university  of  Minnesota.  He  has  been  judge  of  the  muni 
cipal  court  of  Minneapolis;  and  in  1894-1905  he  was  judge  of 
the  district  court  of  Minnesota.  He  became  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Minnesota  for  the  term  of  1905-09 ;  and  is  now 
justice  supreme  court  of  the  Philippine  islands ;  and  resides  in 
Manila,  P.  I. 

869.  Arellano,  Cayetano,  chief  justice  Philippine  islands.  Since 
1900  he  has  been  chief  justice  of  the  Philippine  islands ;  and  re 
sides  in  Manila,  P.  I. 

870.  Quinnones,  Jose  Severs,  chief  justice  supreme  court  of 
Porto  Rico,  was  born  in  1839  in  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico.    He  was 
president  of  the  former  supreme  court  of  Porto  Rico  under  the 
United  States  military  government.    Since  1900  he  has  been  chief 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Porto  Rico;  and  resides  in 
San  Juan,  P.  R. 

871.  Sweetland,  William  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Rhode  Island;  and  resides  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

872.  DuBois,  Edward  Church,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Rhode  Island,  lawyer,  jurist,  was  born  Jan.   12,  1848, 
in   London,  England.     In   1894-97  he  was  attorney  general   of 
Rhode  Island.     Since  1899  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Rhode  Island  for  the  term  of  1899-1910 ; 
and  resides  in  East  Providence,  R.  I. 

873.  Blodgett,  John  Taggard,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  May  16,  1859,  in  Belmont,  Mass. 
He  graduated  from  Brown  university,  and  in  1880  received  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  from  that  institution  of  learning.     In  1883  he 
began  the  practice  of  law.     In  1890  he  was  United  States  com 
missioner  for  the  district  of  Rhode  Island ;  and   in   1892  was 
United  States  chief  supervisor  of  elections.    In  1895-1900  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  Rhode  Island  state  legislature.  Since  1900 
he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Rhode 
Island;  and  resides  in  Providence,  R.  I. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  625 

874.  Johnson,  Clarke  Howard,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1851,  in  Foster,  R.  I. 
In  1879-80  and  1890-1902  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Rhode 
Island  state  legislature ;  and  in  1886-1903  was  district  judge.  He 
is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Rhode  Island 
for  the  term  of  1903-10;  and  resides  in  Foster,  R.  I. 

875.  Parkhurst,  Christopher  Francis,  associate  justice  state 
supreme   court  of  Rhode   Island,  was  born   Sept.    17,   1854,  in 
Providence,  R.  I.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  city;  and  in  1876  graduated  from  Brown  university. 
He  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1892-95  was 
a  member  of  the  Providence  common  council ;  and  in  1900-02 
was  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  state  senate.     Since  1905  he 
has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Rhode 
Island,  a  life  position ;  and  resides  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

876.  Hydrick,  D.  E.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Carolina;  and  resides  in  Spartanburg,  S.  C. 

877.  Jones,  Ira  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Carolina,  was  born  Dec.  29,  1851,  in  Newberry,  S.  C.     In 
1890  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  state  legis 
lature,  and  became  speaker  of  the  house.     He  received  the  re 
election   in  1892  and  1894.     Since  1896  he  has  been  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  South  Carolina,  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

878.  Gary,  Eugene  Blackburn,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  Aug.  22,  1854,  in  Cokesburg, 
S.  C.     In  1889  he  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  legis 
lature  ;  1890-93  was  lieutenant  governor  of  South  Carolina.  Since 
1893  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Carolina ;  and  resides  in  Abbeville,  S.  C. 

879.  Woods,  Charles  Albert,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  July  31,  1852,  in  Darlington, 
S.  C.     He  was  educated  at  Wofford  college ;  and  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession.    Since  1903  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  South  Carolina ;  and  resides  in  Marion,  S.  C. 

880.  Corson,  Dighton,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Dakota,  was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maine.     He  re 
ceived  an  academic  education  at  Waterville,  Maine.     He  prac 
ticed  law  in  Wisconsin ;  was  district  attorney  for  Storey  county, 
Nev. ;  and  then  removed  to  Dakota.    In  1885  and  in  1889  he  was 
a  member    of  the  state     constitutional     conventions     of    South 
Dakota ;  and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
Since  1889  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  South  Dakota;  and  resides  in  Deadwood,  S.  D. 


626  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

881.  Haney,  Dick,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Dakota,  jurist  was  born  Nov.  10,  1852,  in  Lansing,  Iowa. 
He  was  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  South  Dakota  from  its  ad 
mission  to  the  union  to  1896.    Since  1899  he  has  been  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  South  Dakota  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  ending  in  1913 ;  and  resides  in  Pierre,  S.  D. 

882.  Whiting,    Charles    S.,   associate   justice    state    supreme 
court  of  South   Dakota,  was  born  May  25,  1863,  in  Olmsted 
county,  Minn.     He  was  educated  in  the  Michigan  state  univer 
sity;  and  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the  Minnesota 
state  university.     He  has  been  prosecuting  attorney  of  Kings- 
bury  county,  S.  D. ;  and  circuit  judge  for  the  ninth  circuit  of 
South  Dakota.    He  is  now  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  South  Dakota,  for  the  term  of  1908-13 ;  and  resides  in 
Pierre,  S.  D. 

882a.  Smith,  Ellison  B.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  South  Dakota;  and  resides  in  Yankton,  S.  D. 

833b.  McCoy,  J.  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
South  Dakota;  and  resides  in  Aberdeen,  S.  D. 

883.  Beard,  William  D.,  chief  justice  supreme  court  of  Ten 
nessee.     He  is  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Ten 
nessee  for  the  term  of  1903-10 ;  and  resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

884.  McAlister,  William  King,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Tennessee,  was  born  July  4,  1850,  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 
In  1859  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.  A.  from  Bethany  col 
lege  of  West  Virginia ;  and  in  1871  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Nashville.    In  1874- 
83  he  was  city  attorney  of  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  and  in  1886-93  was 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  for  Davidson  county,  Tenn.     Since 
1893  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Tennessee,  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1902-10 ;  and 
resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

885.  Neil,  M.  M.,  associate  justice  state  supreme   court  of 
Tennessee.    Since  1902  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Tennessee ;  and  resides  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

886.  Shields,  John  K.,  associate  justcie  state  supreme  court  of 
Tennessee,  was  born  Aug.  15, 1858,  in  Clinchdale,  Tenn.    He  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his  native  state; 
studied  law  in  his  father's  office,  Judge  James  T.  Shields;  and 
in  1879  was  admitted  to  the  bar.     In  1892-94  he  was  chancellor 
for  the  twelfth  chancery  division  of  Tennessee.     Since  1902  he 
has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Tennes 
see  for  the  eight-year  term  of  1902-10 ;  and  resides  in  Clinchdale, 
Tenn. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  627 

887.  Bell,  B.  D.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of  Ten 
nessee  ;  and  resides  in  Gallatin,  Tenn. 

885.  Gaines,  Reuben  Reid,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Texas,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1836,  in  Sumter  county,  Ala.  He 
practiced  law  in  Texas  until  1876.  In  1877-85  he  was  judge  of 
the  sixth  judicial  district  of  Texas.  In  1885-94  was  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Texas.  He  is  chief  justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Texas  for  the  term  of  1894-1912 ; 
and  resides  in  Austin,  Tex. 

889.  Williams,  Frank  A.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Texas.     Since  1905  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Texas ;  and  resides  in  Austin,  Texas. 

890.  Brown,  Thomas  Jefferson,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Texas,  was  born  July  24,  1836,  in  Jasper  county,  Ga. 
In  1888-92  he  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  legislature ;  and  judge 
of  the  state  district  court  in  1892-93.     Since  1893  he  has  been 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Texas,  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Sherman,  Tex. 

891.  McCarty,  William  Murdock,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Utah,  was  born  May  15,  1859,  in  Alpine,  Utah, 
In  1889  he  was  United  States  district  attorney ;  and  in  1892-95 
was  county  attorney.     In  1900-02  he  was  district  judge.     He  is 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Utah  for  the  term 
of  1902-10;  and  resides  in  Richfield.  Utah. 

892.  Frick,  Joseph  E.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Utah ;  and  resides  in  Salt  Lake  city,  Utah. 

893.  Straup,  Daniel  N.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Utah.    Since  1904  he  has  been  an  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Utah :  and  resides  in   Salt  Lake  city,  Utah 

894.  Irvine,   A.   B.,   reporter  state   supreme   court  of  Utah ; 
and  resides  in  Salt  Lake  city,  Utah. 

895.  Rowell,  John  W.,  chief  iustice  state  supreme  court  of 
Vermont,  was  born  June  9,  1835,  in  Lebanon,  N.  H.     He  re 
ceived  an  academic  education  at  Randolph,  Vt. :  and  in  1893  the 
universitv  of  Vermont  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  decree 
of  LL.  D.    In  1858  he  besran  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  1862-63 
was  states  attorney  for  Orang-e  county,  Vt.     In  1861-62  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  Vermont  state  legislature :  and  in  1874-75 
was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  state  senate.    In  1872-80  he  was 
reporter  of  decisions  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Vermont. 
Since  1892  he  has  been  a  iustice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
Vermont,  and  chief-justice  since  1902:  and  resides  in  "Randolr^ 
Vt. 

896.  Haselton,  Seneca,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 


628  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

of  Vermont,  was  born  Fieb.  26,  1848,  in  Westfield,  Vt.  In  1871 
he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Vermont;  in  1875  gradu 
ated  from  the  law  department  of  the  university  of  Michigan ;  and 
has  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  In  1875  he  began  the  practice 
of  law;  in  1886  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Vermont  state 
legislature;  and  in  1891-94  was  mayor  of  Burlington,  Vt.  In 
1894-95  he  was  United  States  minister  to  Venezuela ;  and  in  1900 
was  democratic  candidate  from  Vermont  for  United  States  sen 
ator.  For  several  years  he  was  reporter  of  decisions  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Vermont ;  and  edited  volumes  seventy-two 
and  seventy-three  of  the  Vermont  Reports.  He  is  serving  a 
second  term  as  an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court 
of  Vermont.  He  has  been  chief  superior  judge  and  chancellor; 
and  resides  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

897.  Munson,  Loveland,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Vermont,  was  born  July  21,  1843,  in  Manchester,  Vt.    He  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1870 ;  of  the  house 
of  representatives  in  1872,  1874  and  1882 ;  and  a  member  of  the 
state  senate  in  1878.    He  was  register  of  probate  in  1866-76 ;  and 
a  judge  of  probate  in  1883-89.    Since  1899  he  has  been  associate 
justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Vermont,  and  is  now  serv 
ing  the  term  of  1900-1910 ;  and  resides  in  Manchester,  Vt. 

898.  Watson,  John   Henry,   associate  justice   state   supreme 
court  of  Vermont,  was  born  May  12,  1851,  in  Jamaica,  Vt.    Since 
1899  he  has  been  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Vermont.     He 
is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Vermont  for 
the  term  of  1900-1910 :  and  resides  in  Montpelier,  Vt. 

898a.  Powers,  George  McClellan,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Vermont,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1861,  in  Hyde  Park, 
Vt.  In  1886-88  he  was  states  attorney ;  and  also  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  house  or  representatives.  Since  1904  he  has  been 
an  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Vermont ;  and 
resides  in  Morrisville,  Vt. 

899.  Keith,  James,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court  of  Vir 
ginia,  was  born  Sept.  1,  1839,  in  Fauquier  county,  Va.    He  prac 
ticed  law  in  Warring-ton,  Va. ;  and  in  1870  became  a  judge.     He 
is  chief  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  Virginia 
for  the  term  of  1900-10 ;  and  resides  in  Richmond,  Va. 

900.  Harrison,   George   M.,   associate   justice   state   supreme 
court  of  Virginia.     He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  appeals  of  Virginia  for  the  term  of  1907-19 ;  and  resides 
in  Staunton,  Va. 

901.  Buchanan,  John  Alexander,  associate   justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Virginia,  was  born  Oct.  7,  1843,  in  Smyth  county, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  629 

Va.  He  served  as  a  private  in  the  Stonewall  brigade,  confeder 
ate  army;  was  taken  prisoner  at  Gettysburg  in  1863,  and  re 
mained  in  prison  until  1865.  He  was  a  member  of  the  house  of 
delegates  of  Virginia  from  1885  until  1887;  and  was  elected  to 
the  fifty-first  and  fifty-second  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  is 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Virginia  for  the 
term  of  1900-1910;  and  resides  in  Abingdon,  Va. 

902.  Cardwell,  Richard  Henry,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Virginia,  was  born  in  Madison,  N.  C,  Aug.  1,  1846. 
He  entered  the  confederate  army  in  1863,  serving  until  close  of 
war.    Since  1869  he  has  practiced  law  in  Hanover,  Va. ;  and  in 
1887-94  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  legislature.     Since  1895 
he  has  been  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Virginia.    He  is  asso 
ciate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  Virginia; 
and  resides  in  Richmond,  Va. 

903.  Whittle,   Stafford   G.,   associate   justice    state   supreme 
court  of  Virginia.     Since  1905  he  has  been  an  associate  justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Virginia ;  and  resides  in  Richmond, 
Va. 

904.  Chadwick,  S.  J.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington;  and  resides  in  Colfax,  Wash. 

905.  Mount,  Wallace,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington,  was  born  Jan.   16,  1859,  in  Clakamas  county, 
Ore.     In  1888-89  he  was  prosecuting  attorney;  and  in  1889-96 
was  judge  of  the  superior  court.    In  1899  he  was  a  representative 
in  the  Washington  state  legislature.     He  was  associate  justice 
of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Washington  for  the  term  of  1901- 
08;  in  1908  was  re-elected;  and  resides  in  Spokane,  Wash. 

906.  Dunbar,  Ralph  O.,,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington,  was  born  April  26,  1845,  in  Schuyler  county, 
111.     He  has  been  city  attorney  for  Goldendale,  Wash.,  for  sev 
eral  terms  and  prosecuting  attorney  for  his  district.     In  1885  he 
was  speaker  of  the  territorial  house.     In  1889  he  was  elected 
supreme  judge;  in  1893  he  was  chosen  chief  justice,  and  in  1894 
was  again  re-elected  to  the  supreme  bench  for  a  six-year  term. 
He  is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Washing 
ton;  and  resides  in  Olympia,  Wash. 

907.  Fullerton,  Mark  A.,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington,  was  born  Nov.  13,  1858,  in  Salem,  Ore.     He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schols  of  Oregon ;  and  in  1874-78 
attended  Willamette  university.     In  1883  he  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  Colfax,  Wash.    Since  1898  he  has  been  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Washington,  and  since  1903  chief  jus 
tice;  and  resides  in  Olympia,  Wash. 


<J30  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

908.  Morris,  George  E.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington;  and  resides  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

butf.  Rudkin,  Frank  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington.  He  was  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme 
court  of  Washington  for  the  term  of  1902-08;  in  1908  was  re- 
elected  and  resides  in  North  Yakima,  Wash. 

910.  Crow,  Herman  D.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Washington,  was  born  in  1851.    He  is  associate  justice  of  the 
state  supreme  court  of  Washington  for  the  term  of  1908-14;  and 
resides  in  Spokane,  Wash. 

910A.  Parker,  Emmett  N.,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Washington;  and  resides  in  Tacoma,  Wash. 

910B.  Gose,  M.  F.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
\\  ashington ;  and  resides  in  Pomeroy,  Wash. 

911.  Brannon,  Henry,  associate  justice  state  superior  court 
of  appeals  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  Nov.  26,  1837,  in  Win 
chester,  Va.     In  1857  he  graduated  from  the  university  of  Vir 
ginia,    In  1859-81  he  practiced  law  in  West  Virginia ;  was  prose 
cuting  attorney  of  Lewis  county  in  1860-64;  and  in  1870-71  was 
a  representative  in  the  West  Virginia  state  legislature.    In  1880- 
88  he  was  circuit  judge.    He  is  the  author  of  Treatise  on  Rights 
and  Privileges  Under  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  United 
State  Constitution.     Since  1888  he  has  been  associate  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  West  Virginia;  and  resides  in  Wes- 
ton,  W.  Va. 

912.  Miller,  William  N.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  West  Virginia;  and  resides  in  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

913.  Poffenbarger,  George  W.,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  West  Virginia,  was  born  Nov.  24, 1861,  in  Mason  county, 
W.  Va.     In  1862  he  graduated  from  the  Rio  Grande  college  of 
Ohio.     In  1880-87   he  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Mason 
county,  W.  Va. ;  and  in  1889-92  was  sheriff  of  that  county.  Since 
1901  he  has  been  judge  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  appeals 
of  West  Virginia  for  term  ending  in  1912;  and  resides  in  Point 
Pleasant,  W.  Va. 

914.  'Robinson,  Ira  E.,  judge   supreme  court  of  appeals  of 
West  Virginia,  was  born  in  1870  in  Taylor  county,  W.  Va.   He 
was  educated  at  the  West  Virginia  state  normal  school.     He 
has  been  prosecuting  attorney  of  Taylor  county,  W.  Va.;  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  state  senate.     Since 
1907  he  has  been  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals  of  West 
Virginia  for  term  of  1907-16 ;  and  resides  in  Grafton,  W.  Va. 

915.  Williams,   L.   Judson,   associate   justice   state   supreme 
court  of  West  Virginia ;  and  resides  in  Lewisburg,  W.  Va. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  631 

9916.  Timlin,  William  Henry,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  May  28,  1852,  in  Mequon,  Wis. 
In  1877  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Kewaunee,  Wis.  In 
1877  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Kawaunee,  Wis.  He  is 
associate  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Wisconsin  for  the  term 
of  1906-17;  and  resides  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

917.  Winslow,  John  Bradley,  associate  justice  state  supreme 
court  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1851,  in  Livingston  county, 
N.  Y.     In  1871  he  graduated  from  the  Racine  college  of  Wis 
consin;  and  in  1875  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  the 
university  of  Wisconsin.    In  1883-91  he  was  circuit  judge  of  the 
first  judicial  circuit.     In  1889  he  was  special  lecturer  on  crim 
inal  practice  in  the  college  of  law  of  the  university  of  Wiscon 
sin.     Since  1891  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  ctate  su 
preme  court  of  Wisconsin ;  and  resides  in  Madison,  Wis. 

918.  'Marshall,  Roujet  De  Lisle,  associate  justice  state  su 
preme  court  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  Dec.  26,  1847,  in  Nashua, 
N.  H.    He  was  educated  in  the  Wisconsin,  the  Collegiate  Insti 
tute  of  Baraboo,  and  Lawrence  university.    He  was  born  to  city 
life,  came  to  manhood  on  a  Wisconsin  farm,  and  in  1873  entered 
the  profession  of  law  in  Chippewa  Falls  and  achieved  promi 
nence  at  the  bar.    For  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  occu 
pied  judicial  positions.    In  1876-83  he  was  county  judge  in  Wis 
consin;  and  in  1888-95  was  circuit  judge.     Since   1895  he  has 
been  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Wisconsin,  re 
ceiving  twice  the  re-election  without  contest,  his  present  term 
expiring  in  1908.    His  paternal  ancestor  was  Thomas  Marshall, 
who  settled  in  Boston  from  England  in  1635.     Since  1895  he 
has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Wis 
consin;  and  resides  in  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis. 

919.  Dodge,  Joshua  Eric,  associate     justice     state     supreme 
court  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  Oct.  25,  1854,  in  Arlington,  Mass. 
In  1891-92  he  was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature;  and 
in  1894-97  was  attorney  general  of  the  United  States.     He  is 
associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Wisconsin  for 
the  term  of  1902-12 ;  and  resides  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

920.  Kerwin,  James  C.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Wisconsin,  was  born  May  4,  1850,  in  Menasha,  Wis.    In  1875- 
1905  he  practiced  law  in  Neenah  and  Milwaukee,  Wis.     Since 
1905  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of 
the  state  of  Wisconsin  for  the  term  ending  in  1915 ;  and  resides 
in  Neenah,  Wis. 

921.  Siebecker,   Robert   G.,   associate  justice   state   supreme 
court  of  Wisconsin,  was  born  Oct.  17,  1854,  in  Sauk  county, 


632  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Wis.  For  several  years  he  was  city  attorney  of  Madison,  Wis. ; 
and  in  1890-1903  was  circuit  judge.  He  is  associate  justice  of 
the  state  supreme  court  of  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of  1904-10; 
and  resides  in  Madison,  Wis. 

921A.     Barnes,  John,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Wisconsin;  and  resides  in  Madison,  Wis. 

922.  Beard,  Cyrus,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court  of 
Wyoming,  was  born  Aug.  13,  1850,  in  Venango  county,  Pa.     In 
1874  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from  the  Iowa  state 
university ;  and  soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law.    He 
is  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  Wyoming  for 
the  term  of  1905-13 ;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

923.  Scott,  Richard  H.,  associate  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Wyoming;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

924.  Potter,  Charles  Nelson,  chief  justice  state  supreme  court 
of  Wyoming,  was  born  Oct.  31,  1852,  in  Cooperstown,  N.  Y. 
Fpr  four  years  he  was  attorney  general  of  Wyoming.     In  1889 
he  was  elected   a  member  of  the  constitutional   convention  at 
Wyoming.    Since  1894  he  has  been  associate  justice  of  the  state 
supreme  court  of  Wyoming;  became  chief  justice  and  is  now 
serving  the  term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  633 


EXECUTIVE 


948.  Comer,  Braxton  Bragg,  governor  of  the  state  of  Alabama, 
was  born  Nov.  7,  1848,  at  Spring  Hill,  Ala.     He  studied  at  the 
university  of  Alabama   and   in   1867   entered  the   university   of 
Georgia.    In  1885  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Trapp  and 
Comer,  wholesale  merchants  of  Anniston,  Ala. ;  and  five  years 
later  became  a  resident  of  Birmingham,  Ala.    He  was  there  made 
president  of  the  City  national  bank;  and  also  became  president 
of  the  center  cotton  mills  of  Cylacauga.     In   1907  he  became 
governor  of  the  state  of  Alabama  for  a  four  year  term  ending 
1911. 

949.  Hoggatt,  Wilford  Bacon,  governor  of  Alaska  territory, 
was  born  Sept.  11,  1865,  in  Paoli,  Ind.    In  1884-98  he  was  a  naval 
officer;  and  since  1899  has  been  a  mining  engineer.     In   1906 
he  was  appointed  governor  of  Alaska  for  the  term  ending  in 
1912. 

950.  Kibbey,  Joseph  H.,  governor  of  the  territory  of  Arizona, 
was  born  March  4,  1853,  in  Centreville,  Ind.     He  received  a 
thorough  education;  and  soon  aetained  success  at  the  bar.     He 
has  been  a  member  of  the  territorial  legislative  council ;  attorney- 
general  of  Arizona;  and  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Arizona.    Since  1905  he  has  been  governor  of  the  territory    of 
Arizona;  and  resides  in  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

951.  Donoghey,  G.  W.,  governor  of  Arkansas,  was  born  in 
Arkansas.     He  has  filled  numerous  offices  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  is  now  governor  of  the  state  of  Arkansas  for  the  term  of 
1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

952.  Gillett,  James  Norris,  governor  of  the  state  of  Califor 
nia,  was  born  Sept.  20,  1860,  in  Viroqua,  Vernon  county,  Wis. 
At  the  age  of  five  years  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Sparta, 
Wis.,  where  he  attended  the  grammar  and  high  schools.     In 
1889  he  was  city  attorney  for  the  city  o  f  Eureka,  Cal. ;  and  served 
in  the  state  senate  during  the  sessions  of  1897  and  1899,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
fifty-eighth  congress.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  fifty-ninth  con 
gress  from  the  first  district  of  California  for  the  term  of  1905-07. 
In  1907  he  became  governor  of  the  state  of  California  for  the 
term  ending  in  1911 ;  and  resides  in  Sacramento,  Cal. 

953.  Shafroth,  John  F.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Colorado, 
was  born  June  9,  1854,  in  Fayette,  Mo.    Until  1879  he  practiced 


«34  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

law  at  Fayette,  Mo.;  when  he  removed  to  Denver,  Col.,  where 
he  has  ever  since  pursued  his  profession.  In  1887  he  was  elected 
city  attorney  of  Denver,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  posi 
tion  in  1889.  He  was  elected  to  the  fifty-fourth  congress  as  a 
republican,  and  re-elected  to  the  fifty-fifth  congress  as  a  silver 
republican.  He  is  now  governor  of  the  state  of  Colorado  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Denver,  Col. 

954.  Lilley,  G  .F.,  governor  of  Connecticut,  was  born  Aug. 
3,  1859,  in  Oxford,  Mass.    In  1891  he  was  a  member  representa 
tive  in  the  Connecticut  state  legislature.     He  was  a  member  of 
the  fifty-eighth  and  a  member  of  the  fifty-ninth  congress  at  large 
as  a   republican.     He  was   re-elected  to   the  sixtieth   congress 
from  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  1907-09.  He  is  governor  of  the 
state  of  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and   resides  in 
Waterbury,  Conn. 

955.  Pennewill,  Simeon  S.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Dela 
ware,  was  born  in  Sussex  county,  Del.    He  is  prominently  iden 
tified  with  the  public  and  business  affairs  of  Delaware.     He  is 
governor  of  the  state  of  Delaware  for  the  term  of  1909-13 ;  and 
resides  in  Dover,  Del. 

957.  Gilchrist,  A.  W.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Florida,  was 
born  in  1858  in  Greenwood,  S.  C.    He  was  educated  in  the  acad 
emy  of  Quincy,  Fla. ;  attended  the  Thompson  academy  of  Co 
lumbia,  S.  C. ;  studied    in  the    Carolina    military    institute    at 
Charleston ;  and  graduated  from  the  United  States  military  acad 
emy  at  West  Point.    In  1893,  1895,  1903  and  1905  he  was  a  rep 
resentative  in  the  Florida  state  legislature;  and  in   1905  was 
speaker  of  the  house.     In  1882-89  he  was  inspector  general  of 
Florida;  was  appointed  brigadier-general   of   Florida;   and  re 
signed  during  the  Spanish  American  war  and  went  later  to  the 
service  as  a  private.     He  served  in  Cuba  in  the  third  regiment 
United  States  volunteer  infantry;  and  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  with  the  rank  of  captain.     In  1909  he  was  inaugurated 
governor  of  Florida. 

958.  Brown,  Joseph  M.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Georgia, 
was  born  in  Georgia.    He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  Georgia  for 
the  term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Frear,  Walter  Francis,  governor  of  Hawaii  territory,  was  born 
Oct.  29,  1863,  in  Grass  Valley,  Cal.  In  1885  he  graduated  from 
Yale  university;  and  in  1890  from  Yale  law  school.  He  soon 
acquired  success  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1893  he  became 
judge  of  the  first  circuit  court  of  Hawaii;  and  three  months 
later  became  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  for  the  terri 
tory  of  Hawaii.  In  1898  he  was  a  member  of  the  commission  to 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  63ft 

recommend  to  congress  legislation  concerning  Hawaii;  and  in 
1903-05  was  chairman  of  the  Hawaiian  code  commission.  In 
1893  he  became  an  associate  justice;  also  served  as  chief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court  for  the  territory  of  Hawaii.  He  is  governor 
of  Hawaii  territory  for  the  term  of  1907-11 ;  and  resides  in  Hono 
lulu,  H.  T. 

960.  Brady,  James  H.,  governor  o  the  state  of  Idaho.    He  is 
governor  of  the  state  of  Idaho  for  the  term  of  1909-11;  and  re 
sides  in  Boise,  Idaho. 

961.  Deneen,  Charles  Samuel,  governor  of  the  state  of  Illin 
ois,  was  born  May  4,  1863,  in  Edwardsville,  111.     He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  of  Lebanon,  111. ;  and  in  1882  gradu 
ated  from  the  classical  department  of  McKendree  college.  Fpr 
three  years  he  taught  school ;  then  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.    In  1892  he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the  Illin 
ois  state  legislature;  and  in  1895-96  served  one  term  as  attor 
ney  for  the  sanitary  district  of  Chicago.     In  1896-1904  he  was 
state's  attoney  for  Cook  county,  111.    He  is  governor  of  the  state 
of  Illinois  for  the  terms  of  1905-09  and  1909-13;  and  resides  in 
Springfield,  111. 

962.  Marshall,  T.  R.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Indiana,  was 
born  March  14,  1854,  in  North  Manchester,  Ind.    He  graduated 
from  the  Wabash  college;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.; 
A.  M.  and  LL.  D.  from  that  institution  of  learning.    He  attained 
eminence  at  the  bar  of  Indiana.     He  is  now  governor  of  the 
state  of  Indiana  for  the  term  of  1903-13 ;  and  resides  in  Indianap 
olis,  Ind. 

963.  Carroll,  Beryl  Frank,  governor  of  the  state  of  Iowa,  was 
born  March  15,  1860,  in  Davis  county,  Iowa.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  attended  the  college  at 
Bloomfield ;  and  graduated  from  the  Missouri  state  normal  school 
at  Kirksville.    He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  republican 
party;  and  in  1892  was  district  elector  from  the  sixth  district.  In 
1895-99  he  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  state  senate;  and  served 
on  numerous  important  committees.    In  1902-09  he  was  auditor 
of  the  state  of  Iowa.    He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  Iowa,  for  the 
term  of  1909-11;  and  resides  in  Des  Moines;  Iowa. 

964.  Stubbs,  W.  R.,  governor  of  Kansas.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Kansas  republican  state  committee  for  the  term  of  1904- 
08.    He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  Kansas  for  the  term  of  1909- 
11;  and  resides  in  Topeka,  Kan. 

965.  Willson,  Augustus  E.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  Oct.  13,  1846,  in  Maysville,  Ky.    He  graduated  from 
Harvard  college;  and  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  B.  and 


636  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 


D.  from  that  institution  of  learning.  In  1875-76  he  was 
chief  clerk  in  the  United  States  treasury  department.  In  1697 
he  was  judge  advocate  general  on  the  staff  of  Governor  W.  O. 
Bradley.  In  1907  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  Ken 
tucky  for  the  term  of  1907-11  ;  and  resides  in  Frankfort,  Ky. 

966.  Sanders,  Jared  Y.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Louisiana. 
He  was  lieutenant  governor  of  the  state  of  Louisiana  for  the  term 
of  1905-03;  is  now  governor  of  that  state  for  the  term  of  1908- 
1912;  and  resides  in  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

967.  Femald,  Bert  M.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Maine,  was 
born  April  3,  1S58,  in  Poland.     He  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  Poland.     He  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
business  and  public  affairs  of  New  England;  and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Maine  state  senate.     While  in  the  state  senate 
he  served  on   several   important  committees;  and   secured  the 
passage  of  several  important  laws.    In  1909-11  he  was  governor 
of  Maine;  and  resides  in  Augusta,  Maine. 

968.  Crothers,  Austin  L-,  governor  of  the  state  of  Maryland, 
was  born  in  Maryland.    He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  Maryland 
for  the  term  of  1908-12  ;  and  resides  in  Annapolis,  Md. 

969.  Draper,   E.   S.,  governor  of   Massachusetts,  was   born 
June  17,  1858,  in  Hopedale,  Mass.    He  was  educated  in  Allen's 
school  of  West  Hopedale  at  Xewton,  Mass.,  and  the  Massachu 
setts  Institute  of  Techonlogy.  In  1898,  through  the  Massachusetts 
volunteer    aid    association,    he    raised    two    hundred    thousand 
dollars  for  the  hospital  ship  Bay  State  in  the  Spanish-American 
war.    In  1900  he  was  a  republican  presidential  elector.    In  1909- 
10  he  was  governor  of  Massachusetts;  and  resides  in  Boston, 


970.  Warner,  Fred  Maltby,  governor  of  the  state  of  Michigan. 
was  born  July  21,  1865,  in  England.     In  1889  he  established  a 
large  cheese  factory  at  Farmington,  Mich.  ;  and  now  operates 
seven  factories.     In  1895-98  he  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
state  senate;  and  in  1900-04  was  secretary  of  state.    He  is  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  Michigan;  and  is  now  serving  the  term  of 
1909-11;  and  resides  in  Farmington,  Mich. 

971.  Johnson,  John  A.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Minnesota, 
was  born  July  28,  1861,  in  St.  Peter,  Minn.    He  is  editor  of  the 
Herald  of  St.  Peter,  Minn.    He  has  been  captain  in  the  Minne 
sota  national  guard;  and  served  with  distinction  as  a  member 
of  the  Minnesota  state  senate.     He  is  governor  of  the  state  of 
Minnesota  for  the  terms  of  1907-09;  and  1909-11;  and  resides 
in  St,  Peter,  Minn, 

972.  Noel,  Edmund  P.,  governor  of  Mississippi,  was  born 
March  4,  1856,  near  Lexington,  Miss.     During  1882-84  he  was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  637 

a  member  of  the  Mississippi  state  legislature;  and  in  1896  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  senate  for  four  years.  He 
practiced  law  in  Lexington,  Miss.,  and  during  1887-91  served 
with  distinction  as  district  attorney.  He  is  governor  of  the  state 
of  Mississippi  for  the  term  of  1908-12 ;  and  resides  in  Lexington, 
Miss. 

973.  Hadlcy,  Herbert  S.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Missouri, 
was  born  Feb.  20,  1872,  in  Olathe,  Kan.    He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  colleges  of  Kansas  and  Missouri ;  and  has 
attained  prominence  as  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Missouri. 
For  many  years  he  was  prosecuting  attorney  for  Jackson  county, 
Mo. ;  was  assistant  attorney  and  counselor  of  Kansas  city,  Mo. ; 
and  has  filled  various  other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.     In 
1905-09  he  was  attorney  general  for  the  state  of  Missouri.    He 
is  a  prominent  member  of  the  republican  party ;  and  has  attended 
various  county;  state  and  national  conventions.     In  1909-13  he 
served  as  governor  of  the  state  of  Missouri ;  and  resides  in  Jeffer 
son  city,  Mo. 

974.  Norris,  Edwin  Lee,  governor  of  the  state  of  Montana, 
was  born  Aug.  15,  1865,  in  Cumberland  county,  Ky.    He  gradu 
ated  from  the  southern  normal  school  of  Kentucky.     He  is  a 
successful   lawyer;   and   has   been   a   member  of  the   Montana 
state  senate.    In  1905-08  he  was  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state 
of  Montana ;  and  is  now  governor  of  Montana,  for  term  of  1909- 
13 ;  and  resides  in  Dillon,  Mont. 

975.  Shallenberger,  Ashton  C.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Ne 
braska,  was  born  in  1862  in  Toulon,  111.    He  moved  to  Nebraska 
in  1881 ;  and  in  1887  engaged  in  banking  and  stock^growing  in 
Alma,  Neb.    In  1901-03  he  was  a  democratic  representative  from 
Nebraska  to  the  fifty-seventh  congress.     He  was  mayor  of  the 
city  of  Alma  for  the  term  of  1906-07.    He  is  governor  of  the  state 
of  Nebraska  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Alma,  Neb. 

976.  Sparks,  John,  governor  of  the  state  of  Nevada.    He  has 
been  governor  of  the  state  of  Nevada  for  the  terms  of  1903-07 
and  1907-11 ;  and  resides  in  Carson  city,  Nev. 

977.  Quinby,  Henry  B.,  governor  of  the  state  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire.    He  is  governor  of  the  state 
of  New  Hampshire  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Con 
cord.  N.  H. 

978.  Fort,  John  Franklin,  -governor  of  the  state  of  New  Jer 
sey,  was  born  March  20,  1852,  in  Pemberton,  N.  J.     In  1878-86 
he  was  judge  of  the  district  court  of  Newark.  N.  J.    In  1896-1900 
he  was  presiding  judge  common  pleas  of  Essex  county,  N.  I.  He 
was  associate  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court  of  New  Jer- 


C38  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

sey  for  the  term  of  1901-1908.  He  is  governor  of  the  state  of 
New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  1908-11;  and  resides  in  Trenton, 
N.  J. 

979.  Curry,  George,  governor  of  New  Mexico  territory,  was 
born  April  3,  1863,  in  Bayou  Sara,  La.     In  1875  he  moved  to 
Dodge  city;  and  in  1879  settled  in  Lincoln  county,  N.  M.     In 
1882  he  became  manager  of  a  wholesale  and  retail  business ;  and 
was  treasurer,  assessor  and  sheriff  of  his  county.     In  1894  he 
became  a  member  of  the  territorial  senate;  and  was  made  presi 
dent  of  the  senate.     During  the  Spanish-American  war  he  duly 
served  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  rough  riders;  and  was  promoted 
to  a  captaincy.    He  joined  the  United  States  cavalry ;  was  quar 
termaster;    subsequently   was   in   command   of   the   regimental 
scouts  of  the  eleventh  cavalry ;  and  had  command  of  the  advance 
guard  at  the  battle  of  San  Mateo,  where  General  Lawton  was 
killed.    In  1901  he  was  appointed  first  civil  governor  of  the  pro 
vince  of  Ambos  Camarines;  became  chief  of  police  of  the  city 
of  Manila;  in  1904-05  was  governor  of  the  province  of  Isabela; 
and  was  then  made  governor  of  Samar.    In  1907  he  became  gov 
ernor  of  New  Mexico ;  and  resides  in  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

980.  Hughes,  Charles  Evan,  governor  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  was  born  at  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.,  April  11,  1862 ;  graduate  of 
Brown  university  and   Columbia  law  school ;  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1884  and  practiced  law  in  New  York  city ;  and  was  attor 
ney  for  the  Armstrong  legislative  committee  investigating  life 
insurance  frauds  in  1905.    He  was  elected  governor  of  New  York 
in  1906 ;  is  now  serving  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Al 
bany,  N.  Y. 

981.  Kitchin,  William  Walton,  governor  of  the  state  of  North 
Carolina,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1866,  near  Scotland  Neck,  N.  C.  He 
was  educated  at  Vine  Hill  academy  and  Wake  Forest  college, 
where  he  graduated  in  1884.  He  edited  the  Scotland  Neck 
Democrat  in  1885.  After  studying  law,  first  under  his  father, 
Hon.  W.  H.  Kitchin,  and  then  at  the  university  of  North  Caro 
lina,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1887.  He  located  at  Rox- 
boro  in  1888,  where  he  still  practices  his  profession.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  county  executive  committee  in  1890.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  fifty-fifth,  fifty-sixth,  fifty-seventh,  fiftv-eiehth 
and  fifty-ninth  congresses  as  a  democrat.  He  was  re-elected  to 
the  sixtieth  congress  from  the  fifth  district  of  North  Carolina 
for  the  term  of  1907-09.  He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  North 
Carolina  for  the  term  of  1909-13;  and  resides  in  Raleieh,  N.  C. 

982.     Burke,  John,  governor  of  the  state  of  North   Dakota 
was  born  FTeb.  25,  1859,  in  Keokuk  county,  Iowa.    In  1886-88  he 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  039 

practiced  law  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  He  removed  to  North  Da 
kota  in  1888 ;  in  1891-93  was  a  member  of  the  North  Dakota  house 
of  representatives ;  and  in  1893-95  was  a  state  senator.  In  1907- 
he  became  governor  of  North  Dakota;  and  resides  in  Bismarck, 
N.  D. 

983.  Harmon,  Judson,  governor  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  was  born 
Feb.  3,  1846,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.    In  1878  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  superior  court  of  Cincinnati,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1883.    In  187  he  resigned  to  resume  the  practice  of  law;  and  in 
1895-07  he  was  attorney  general.    In  1909  he  became  governor  of 
Ohio;  and  resides  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

984.  Haskell,  Charles  N.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Oklahoma, 
was  born  in  1860  in  Putnam  county,  Ohio.  In  1881  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Ottawa,  Ohio.  In  1888  he  became  engaged  in 
railroad  building  and  other  construction  work.    In  1901  he  built 
many  lines  of  railroads  in  Muskogee,  I.  T.  Hie  was  a  member  of 
the  Oklahoma  constitutional  convention.    In  1906  he  was  elected 
the  first  governor  of  Oklahoma  for  the  term  ending  in  1912 ;  and 
resides  in  Guthrie,  Okla. 

985.  Benson,  Frank  W.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Oregon,  was 
born  March  20,  1858,  in  San  Jose,  Cal.     He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools   and  at  the  university  of  the   Pacific.     He 
practiced  law  for  many  years ;  was  county  school  superintendent 
for  Douglas   county,   Ore. ;   and   county   clerk   of  that   county. 
Since  1907  he  has  been  secretary ;  and  since  1909  has  been  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  Oregon ;  and  resides  in  Roseburg,  Ore. 

986.  Stuart,  Edwin   Sydney,  merchant,  governor,  was  born 
Dec.  28,  1853,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.    He  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Philadelphia;  and  received  the  degree  of  L.  L.  D. 
from  Lafayette  college.    In  1868  he  was  engaged  in  bookselling 
and  publishing.     In  1891-95  he  was  mayor  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
He  is  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  estate  of  Stephen  Girard,  having 
charge  of  Girard  college.    In  1901  he  was  president  of  the  elec- 
torial  college;  of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  1907  became  governor 
of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania. 

987.  Smith,  James  Francis,  governor  general  Philippine  Isl 
ands,  was  born  Jan.  28,  1859,  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.     He  was 
educated  at  the  Santa  Clara  college,  and  at  Hastings  law  school. 
He  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law.     In  1898  he  was 
colonel  first  California  volunteer  infantry ;  in  1899  became  briga 
dier  general  United  States  volunteers ;  and  the  same  year  was 
made  military  governor  of  the  Island  of  Negroes,  P.  I.    In  1900 
he  was  collector  of  customs  for  the  Philippine  Islands ;  and  in 
1901   became   associate   justice   of   the   supreme   court    of  the 


640  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Philippine  Islands.  In  1906  he  was  secretary  of  public  instruc 
tion  ;  since  1906  has  been  governor  general  of  the  Philippine 
Islands ;  and  resides  in  Manila,  P.  I. 

988.  Post,  Regis  H.,  governor  of  Porto  Rico  territory.    He  is 
governor  of  Porto  Rico  territory  for  the  term  of  1908-12 ;  and  re 
sides  in  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

989.  Pothier,  A.  J.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island,  was 
born  in  July,  1854,  in  the  Province  of  Quebec.    He  was  educated 
at  Nicolet  college.    He  is  a  successful  banker  and  manufacturer 
of  Woonsocket,  R.  I. ;  has  been  mayor  of  that  city ;  a  member  of 
the  state  board  of  education ;  and  lieutenant  governor  of  Rhode 
Island.    In  1909  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  state  of  Rhode 
Island ;  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1910 ;  and  resides  in 
Woonsocket,  R.  I. 

990.  Ansel,  Martin  Frederick,  governor  of  the  state  of  South 
Carolina,  was  born   Dec.   12,   1850,  in   Charleston,   S.   C.      He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Walhalla,  S.   C. ;  and 
then  began  the  study  of  law.     He  has  attained  success  in  the 
practice  of  law  in   South   Carolina ;  has  been  a   representative 
in  the  South  Carolina  state  legislature :  and  served  as  solicitor 
for  the  eighth  circuit  of  South  Carolina.    In  1907-09  he  was  gov 
ernor  of  the  state  of  South  Carolina ;  and  re-elected  to  second 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Columbia,  S.  C. 

991.  Vessey,  R.  S.,  governor  of  the  state  of  South  Dakota, 
was  born  May  16,  1858,  near  Oskosh,  Wis.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schols  and  at  Daggett  commercial  school  of  Osh- 
kosh,  Wis.    He  has  been  principallv  engaged  in  real  estate  and 
banking-  in  South  Dakota.     In  1905-09  he  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Dakota  state  senate  from  the  counties  of  Jerauld  and  Buf 
falo.    He  is  now  governor  of  the  state  of  South  Dakota  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Pierre,  S.  D. 

992.  Patterson.  Malcolm  Rice,  governor  of  the  state  of  Ten 
nessee,  was  born  June  7,  1861,  in  Somerville,  Ala.    In  1894-1900 
he  was  attornev  general  for  Shelbv  countv,  Tenn.     He  was  a 
member  of  the   fifty-seventh   and   fifty-eisrhth   congresses   from 
Tennessee  as  a  democrat.     He  was  re-elected  to  the  fiftv-ninth 
congress  from  the  tenth  district  of  Tennessee  for  the  term  of 
1905-07.    He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  Tennessee  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Nashville.  Tenn. 

993.  Campbell,  Thomas  Mitchell,   governor  of  the   state  of 
Texas,  was  born  April  22,  1856,  in  Rusk,  Texas.     In  1878  he 
began  the  practice  of  law;  and  in  1889-91  was  master  in  chan 
cery.     In  1907  he  became  governor  of  Texas;   and  resides  in 
Austin,  Texas. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  641 

994.  Spry,  William,  governor  of  the  state  of  Utah,  was  born 
Jan.  11,  1864,  in  Windsor,  England.     He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools;  and  became  a  successful  farmer  and  stock-raiser 
of  Utah.     In  1894  he  was  collector  Tooele  county,  Utah;  and 
in  1903-04  was  a  member  of  the  Utah  legislature.     In  1904  he 
was  state  chairman  of  the  republican  party;  in  1905  was  presi 
dent  of  the  state  board  of  land  commissioners;  and  in  1906-08 
was  United  States  marshal  for  Utah.     He  is  now  governor  of 
the  state  of  Utah  for  the  term  of  1909-12 ;  and  resides  in  Salt 
Lake  city,  Utah. 

995.  Prouty,  G.  H.,  governor  of  the  state  of  Vermont,  was 
born  March  4,  1862,  in  Newport,  Vt.    He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  private  schools  of  Newport ;  attended  St.  Johnsbury's 
academy;  and  graduated  from  the  Bryant  and  Stratton  business 
college.     He  is  a  successful  lumber  manufacturer  of  Newport, 
Vt. ;  has  been  a  member  of  the  Vermont  state  senate ;  and  lieu 
tenant-governor  of  Vermont ;  is  now  serving  his  term  ending 
in  1910 ;  and  resides  in  Newport,  Vt. 

996.  Swanson,   Claude  Augustus,   governor  of  the   state   of 
Virginia,  was  born  March  31,  1862,  in  Swansonville,  Va.     In 
1886  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Chatham,  Va.    In  1893-1905 
he  was  a  member  of  congress.     He  is  governor  of  the  state  of 
Vireinia  for  the  term  of  1906-10 ;  and  resides  in  "Richmond,  Va. 

998.  Glascock,  William  E.,  governor  of  the   state  of  West 
Virginia.    He  is  governor  of  the  state  of  West  Virginia  for  the 
term  of  1909-13:  and  resides  in  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

999.  Davidson.  James  O..  -srovernor  of  the  state  of  Wisconsin 
was  born  Feb.  10.  1854,  in  Norway.     Since  1872  he  has  been  a 
resident  of  Wisconsin :  and  for  twenty-three  vears  has  been  en- 
eaeed  in  the  mercantile  business.     Tn  1892-98  he  was  a  repre 
sentative  in  the  Wisconsin  state  le^slature :  was  state  treasurer 
in  1898-1902:  and  in  1902-06  was  lieutenant-eovernor.     Tn  1906 
he  became   governor  of  Wisconsin  to   fill   a  vacancy:   is  now 
serving  the  term  of  1909-11 :  and  resides  in  Soldiers'  Grove.  Wis. 

1000.  Brooks,  Bryant  Butler,  governor  of  the  state  of  Wvom- 
inp1,  and  commander-in-chief  Wyoming1  national  miard.  was  born 
Feb.  5.  1861,  in  Bernardston,  Mass.    For  manv  vears  he  has  beer* 
a  successful  farmer  of  Wvomin^:  in  1892-94  was  a  representative 
in  the  Wyoming  state  legislature:  and  was  a  member  on  several 
important  committees.    Tn  1896  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  repub 
lican  national   convention  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. :  was   presidential 
elector  in  1900:  and  has  filled  various  other  position  of  trust  and 
honor.     Since  1904  he  has  held  the  rank  of  commander-in-chief 
of  the  Wyoming  national  guard. 


642  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

STATESMEN  AND  FEDERAL  OFFICIALS 


Akins,  Thomas  J.,  United  States  postmaster  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
was  born  Aug.  14,  1852,  in  Cedar  county,  Mo.  For  many  years 
he  was  engaged  as  a  merchant  and  banker  at  Humansville,  Polk 
county,  Mo.  He  served  three  terms  as  chairman  of  the  Mis 
souri  republican  state  committee ;  and  in  1904-08  was  a  member 
of  the  republican  national  committee.  In  1903-09  he  was  assis 
tant  treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  and  since 
1909  has  been  postmaster  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Armes,  George  Augustus,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  In  1861  he  enlisted  from  the  District  of  Colum 
bia  ;  in  1862  became  second  lieutenant ;  and  in  1863  was  honor 
ably  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service.  In  1864  he  resigned. 
In  1864  he  became  captain  in  the  second  New  York  artillery. 
In  1865  was  brevetted  major  of  volunteers  for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  services  during  the  campaign  of  1864  and  1865 ;  and  in 
1865  was  honorably  mustered  out.  In  1866  he  became  second 
lieutenant  in  the  second  cavalry ;  and  in  1870  was  honorably  dis 
charged.  In  1878  he  was  made  captain  in  the  tenth  cavalry  to 
rank  from  1866 ;  and  in  1883  was  retired.  In  1867  he  was 
brevetted  major  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  action  at 
Hatchers  Run,  Va.  He  resides  in  Fairfield,  D.  C. 

Baldwin,  Foy  Spencer,  professor  economics  in  Boston  univer 
sity,  was  born  July  6,  1870,  in  Charlotte,  Mich.  In  1888  he  grad 
uated  from  the  Boston  university;  studied  in  the  University  of 
Munich;  and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D1.  In  1890-91  he  was 
master  at  St.  Luke's  school  of  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  in  1892-93 
studied  economics  in- Germany;  and  in  1894  was  instructor  in 
economics  at  the  Norwich  free  academy  of  Connecticut.  Since 
1895  he  has  been  professor  of  economics  at  the  Boston  univer 
sity.  He  is  the  author  of  History  of  Mining  Legislation  in  Eng 
land. 

Ballance.  John  Green,  United  States  armv  officer,  was  born  in 
Illinois.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  from  Illinois  a  cadet  in  the 
United  States  military  academv  at  West  Point,  N.  Y. :  and  in 
1875  graduated  from  that  institution  of  learning.  In  1875  he 
was  appointed  second  lieutenant  in  the  sixteenth  United  States 
infantry;  and  the  same  year  was  transferred  to  the  twentv-sec- 
ond  infantry.  In  1881  he  became  first  lieutenant;  in  1889-84- 
regiment  quartermaster;  in  1884-90  was  actinor  fndrre  a 
with  the  rank  of  captain;  in  1898  became  major  and  inspector- 
general  of  volunteers;  and  in  1899  was  honorablv  discharged 
from  volunteer  service.  In  1900  he  was  a  major  in  the  thir- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  643 

teenth  infantry;  in  1901  became  brigadier-general  of  volunteers; 
in  1907  was  discharged  from  volunteer  service;  in  1901  was  as 
signed  to  the  adjutant-general's  department;  and  is  now  located 
at  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Bancroft,  Eugene  Adolphus,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  from  Massa 
chusetts  a  private  in  the  Sturgis  rifles  in  the  Illinois  volunteers ; 
in  1861  became  second  lieutenant;  in  1862  was  made  first  lieu 
tenant;  in  1865-73  was  regiment  quartermaster;  in  1873  became 
captain ;  and  in  1889  was  retired.  In  1862  he  received  the  brevet 
of  first  lieutenant  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  action 
near  Fair  Oaks,  Va. ;  in  1863  was  brevetted  captain  for  servi 
ces  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg;  and  in  1890  was  brevetted  major 
for  services  in  action  against  the  Indians  at  Clearwater  in  1877. 
He  is  a  major  in  the  United  States  army  on  the  retired  list;  and 
resides  in  New  London,  Conn. 

Bates,  Joseph  Clement,  lawyer,  and  author  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  was  born  in  July  1836,  in  Richmond,  Maine.  He  is  a  noted 
lawyer  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  He  is  the  author  of  Forms  and 
Use  of  Blanks;  and  a  paper  entitled  Horace  Howes's  Will  Case. 

Beard,  John  S.,  state  senator  of  Florida,  was  born  June  14, 
1859,  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Florida;  and  at  the  University  of  the  south.  He  has  attained 
success  at  the  bar  of  Florida ;  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Democratic  party.  In  1900  he  was  a  presidential  elector  for 
the  state  at  large;  and  in  1904  was  a  delegate  from  the  state  at 
large  to  the  national  democratic  convention  held  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  He  has  been  a  speaker  in  many  states ;  and  took  a  conspicu 
ous  part  in  the  campaigns  of  1900  and  1904  under  the  auspices 
of  the  national  democratic  committee.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Florida  state  senate  for  the  term  of  1906-10 ;  and  resides  in 
Pensacola,  Fla. 

Biddle,  James,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born  Dec.  11, 
1832,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the  university  of 
New  York.  In  1861  he  entered  the  army  as  first  lieutenant  in 
the  tenth  regiment  New  York  volunteers ;  and  the  same  year 
became  a  captain  in  the  United  States  army.  In  1862  he  became 
colonel  in  the  sixth  Indiana  cavalry;  and  commanded  a  brigade 
and  was  director  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio.  He  was  brevetted 
major  United  States  army,  colonel  United  States  army  and 
brigadier-general  United  States  volunteers  for  gallant  and  meri 
torious  services  during  the  civil  war.  He  was  retired  as  colonel 
United  States  army ;  and  later  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 


644  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

brigadier-general  United  States  army  retired;  and  now  resides 
in  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

Bishop,  Hoel  Smith,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born  in 
Wisconsin.  He  was  appointed  from  Wisconsin  as  a  cadet  in 
the  United  States  military  academy  at  West  Point  in  1869;  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1873.  He  was  at  once  made 
second  lieutenant  in  the  fifth  United  States  cavalry;  became 
first  lieutenant  in  1879 ;  attained  the  rank  of  captain  in  1892 ;  was 
promoted  to  major  in  1902.  He  is  now  lieutenant  colonel  in  the 
fifteenth  United  States  cavalry;  and  is  stationed  at  Fort  Sheri 
dan,  111. 

Bohmer,  John  George,  President  of  Jones  Commercial  College 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  was  born  Nov.  9,  1848,  in  Rich  Fountain,  Mo. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  parish  and  public  schools,  from 
private  tutors,  and  at  the  Jones  commercial  college.  He  is  one 
of  the  most  prominent  educators  of  the  west;  has  filled  the 
chairs  of  penmanship,  bookkeeping,  commercial  law  and  Eng 
lish  ;  and  is  now  the  president  and  proprietor  of  the  Jones  com 
mercial  college  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  which  was  established  in  1841 
by  Professor  Jonathan  Jones.  This  college  is  the  only  institu 
tion  in  St.  Louis  that  teaches  bookkeeping  by  actual  business 
practice;  and  their  system  is  protected  both  by  patents  and 
copyright.  Professor  Bohmer  has  made  his  college  the  leading 
institution  of  its  kind  west  of  the  Mississippi ;  and  resides  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Brainard,  David  Legg,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
Dec.  21,  1856,  in  Norway,  N.  Y.  He  attended  the  state  normal 
school  at  Cortland,  N.  Y.  He  participated  in  the  Indian  cam 
paigns  under  General  Miles;  and  was  wcunded  in  the  face  in 
action  with  the  Sioux  at  Muddy  Creek  in  1877.  In  the  following 
August  he  was  one  of  the  four  men  selected  to  act  as  escort  to 
General  Sherman  and  party  in  their  tour  through  the  national 
park.  In  1879  he  was  promoted  sergeant;  and  in  1880  was 
recommended  for  detail  on  the  Howgate  polar  expedition.  He 
was  one  of  the  three  who  in  1882  attained  the  highest  northern 
point  on  the  globe  ever  reached  by  man.  During  the  Spanish- 
American  war  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  and  chief  com 
missary  of  the  United  States  volunteers;  and  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant-colonel  in  1905.  He  is  now  lieutenant-colonel  in 
the  subsistence  department  United  States  army;  and  is  sta 
tioned  in  Manila,  P.  I. 

Burns,  James  Madison,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
Aug.  9,  1845,  in  Ohio.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  first  West 
Virginia  volunteer  infantry ;  and  in  1864  re-enlisted  as  a  veteran. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  645 

He  served  as  a  private  and  sergeant  in  1861-65;  and  partici 
pated  in  the  battles  of  Front  Royal  and  Cedar  Mountain,  Va., 
the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  fifteen  other  battles  and  forty- 
two  engagements  in  which  men  were  killed.  In  1867  he  was  ap 
pointed  second  lieutenant;  in  1874  was  promoted  first  lieutenant; 
pointd  second  lieutenant;  in  1874  was  promoted  first  lieutenant; 
in  1889  was  promoted  captain;  served  nearly  twenty-two  years 
as  a  lieutenant;  in  1899  retired  with  the  rank  of  major;  and  is 
now  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  United  States  army  on  the  re 
tired  list.  In  1896  he  was  awarded  a  medal  of  honor  for  gal 
lantry  at  the  battle  of  Newmarket,  Va. ;  and  resides  in  Morgan- 
town,  W.  Va. 

Bushkevitz,  Alexander  S.,  state  representative  of  New  Mexico, 
was  born  July  4,  1877,  in  Lemont,  111.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
Mary's  seminary  of  Detroit,  Mich. ;  attended  St.  Jerome's  col 
lege  of  Berlin,  Canada ;  and  graduated  from  the  Kent  college  of 
law  of  Chicago,  111.  He  is  a  successful  business  man  of  Roy. 
N.M. ;  and  makes  a  specialty  of  real  estate  and  investments.  He 
has  been  postmaster,  United  States  commissioner,  county  sur 
veyor,  justice  of  the  peace,  chairman  of  the  board  of  education, 
besides  various  other  positions.  He  is  president  of  the  Great- 
western  commercial  company;  is  president  of  the  Roy  telephone 
company;  is  president  of  the  Roy  realty  and  investment  com 
pany;  and  secretary  of  the  Mora  county  publishing  company. 
He  is  now  a  state  representative  in  the  New  Mexico  legislature 
for  the  term  of  1909-10 ;  and  resides  in  Roy,  N.  M. 

Caffey,  Lochlin  Washington,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Alabama.  In  1898  he  was  a  corporal  and  sergeant  in 
the  second  Georgia  infantry;  in  1898-1900  he  served  as  a  private 
and  sergeant  in  the  fortieth  regiment  volunteer  infantry ;  in 
1900  became  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  fortieth  volunteer  in 
fantry  ;  and  in  1901  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  the  volun 
teer  service.  In  1901  he  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  in  the 
twenty-sixth  regiment  United  States  infantry ;  in  1902  was 
transferred  to  the  fifteenth  regiment  United  States  infantry ; 
and  is  now  stationed  at  the  agricultural  college  of  Logan,  Utah. 

Catts,  Gordon  Rives,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
March  5,  1881,  at  Pleasant  Hill,  Dallas  county,  Ala.  He  is  a 
son  of  John  Smyley  Catts  and  Maud  Mar  Caffey  Catts.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  United  States  military  academy  from  West 
Point ;  entered  in  1900 ;  graduated  in  1904 ;  and  was  promoted 
to  second  lieutenant  in  the  tenth  infantry.  Until  1906  he  was 
stationed  at  Fort  Lawton,  Wash. ;  until  1908  was  stationed  at 
Fort  Egbert,  Alaska  as  quartermaster  and  commissary ;  and  now 


646  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

stationed  at  Fprt  Benjamin  H.  Harrison  was  the  rank  of  second 
lieutenant  in  the  tenth  United  States  infantry. 

Chester,  Frank  Dyer,  American  consul-general,  was  born  Dec. 
2,  1869,  in  Newton,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  Newton  and  re 
ceived  the  Franklin  medal  from  the  English  high  school  of  Bos 
ton;  and  graduated  from  Harvard  university,  from  which  insti 
tution  he  has  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D. 
He  has  attained  prominence  as  a  noted  linguist.  In  1893-95  he 
was  assistant  in  Semitic  languages  at  Harvard  university.  In 
1897-1904:  he  was  United  States  consul  at  Budapest;  and  since 
1904  consul-general  to  Hungary,  with  headqpuarters,  at  Budapest, 
Hungary. 

Cheston,  Daniel  Murray,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed  from  Pennsylvania  as  a 
private  and  corporal  in  the  Pennsylvania  artillery  in  1898;  and 
in  1901  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  in  the  seventeenth 
regiment  United  States  infantry.  He  is  now  first  lieutenant  in 
the  seventeenth  regiment  United  States  infantry ;  and  is  sta 
tioned  at  Fort  McPherson,  Ga. 

Coates,  Edwin  Morton,  brigadier-general  United  States  army, 
was  born  Jan.  29,  1836,  in  New  York  city.  In  1861  he  was  first 
lieutenant  in  the  eleventh  New  York  infantry ;  and  in  1865  at 
tained  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1898  he  was  promoted  to  colonel. 
In  1900  he  was  retired  as  brigadier-general  United  States  army ; 
and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cooke,  Lorenzo  Wesley,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
June  8,  1847,  in  Round  Top,  N.  J.  He  served  in  the  civil  war, 
first  as  a  private  and  corporal  in  company  H,  twenty-seventh 
regiment  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry ;  then  as  a  private  in 
company  E,  first  battalion  in  the  thirteenth  United  States  in 
fantry.  In  1863-65  and  in  1866  was  a  private  in  the  general 
service.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  from  Wisconsin  second 
lieutenant  in  the  third  regiment  United  States  infantry;  became 
first  lieutenant  in  1868 ;  in  1892  was  promoted  to  captain ;  in 
1901  became  major  in  the  twenty-sixth  regiment  United  States 
infantry;  became  lieutenant-colonel  in  1904;  in  1906  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general ;  and  the  same  year  was  retired  at  his 
own  request  after  over  forty  years  of  service.  He  is  a  retired 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States  army ;  and  resides  in 
Lemon  Grove,  Cal. 

Crowl,  Theodore,  of  Sterling,  111.,  was  born  July  22,  1844,  in 
Darlington  Pa.  He  served  as  a  union  soldier  during  the  civil 
war  in  the  one  hundred  and  seventy-eighth  regiment  Ohio 
volunteer  infantry ;  and  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant ;  and 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  647 

was  judge  advocate  of  general  court  martial  United  States  army 
at  Tullahoma  and  Murfreesboro  during  the  winter  of  1864-65. 
In  1873  he  organized  the  Fiirst  presbyterian  church  of  Tacoma, 
Wash. ;  and  has  filled  pastorates  in  Seattle,  Wash. ;  Zanesville, 
Ohio;  and  is  now  pastor  of  the  First  congregational  church  of 
Sterling,  111. 

Curtis,  William  G.,  United  States  commissioner,  was  born 
Sept.  16,  1857,  in  Waterbury,  Conn.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  New  England.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  and 
real  estate  dealer;  and  is  also  engaged  in  the  insurance  busi 
ness.  In  1903  he  was  a  state  representative  in  the  Wyoming- 
legislature  ;  and  is  now  mayor  of  Torrington,  Wyo.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  various  other  fraternal 
and  patriotic  orders.  He  is  now  United  States  commissioner 
for  Laramie  county,  Wyo.,  for  the  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides 
in  Torrington,  Wyo. 

Dadirrian,  Markar,  Gavort,  physician  and  manufacturer  of  New- 
York  city,  was  born  Aug.  2,  1839,  in  Turkey.  He  received  a 
thorough  education  in  the  public  schools  and  academies ;  and  in 
1871  graduated  from  the  New  York  university,  the  medical  de 
partment  of  the  university  medical  school  of  New  York  City; 
which  was  subsequently  consolidated  with  Bellevue  hospital 
medical  college  of  New  York  City.  He  has  attained  success  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  York  City;  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  leading  medical  and  scientific  societies.  In  1885  he 
originated  a  fermented  milk  food,  called  Natzoon  or  Zoolah, 
which  has  become  popular  in  the  medical  use.  He  is  president 
of  the  Dadirrian  and  sons  company,  manufacturers  of  New  York 
City.  He  has  contributed  valuable  articles  on  medical  and  sci 
entific  subjects  to  American  literature. 

Deming,  William  C.,  receiver  United  States  land  office,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1869,  at  Mount  Olivet,  Ky.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education ;  in  1890  graduated  from  the  Allegheny  college 
of  Meadville,  Pa.:  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  B.A.  and 
M.A.  In  1892-94  he  practiced  law ;  and  in  1894-1901  was  editor 
of  the  Tribune  of  Warren,  Ohio.  Since  1901  he  has  been  editor 
and  manager  of  the  Tribune  of  Chevenne,  Wyo. ;  is  also  editor 
of  the  Wyoming  Daily  Tribune;  and  president  of  the  Tribune 
publishing  company.  In  1903  he  was  a  member  of  the  Wyom 
ing  legislature ;  in  1904  was  a  member  of  the  Wyoming  commis 
sion  at  the  St.  Louis  fair;  and  in  1905  was  a  member  of  the  Wy 
oming  commission  at  Portland ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  and  various  other  fraternal  and  patriotic  orders.  His 
lecture,  Franklin,  the  Man  and  the  Statesman,  has  made  his 


648  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

name  popular  in  the  west.  He  is  now  receiver  in  the  United 
States  land  office  for  the  term  of  1907-11 ;  and  resides  in  Chey 
enne,  Wyo. 

Dortch,  Josiah  H.,  chief  of  education  United  States  division 
Indian  affairs,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1858,  in  Somerville,  Tenn.  He 
was  educated  in  the  Southwestern  presbyterian  university  of 
Clarksville,  Tenn. ;  and  at  Vanderbilt  university  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.  He  is  by  profession  a  lawyer  and  editor;  and  in  1884 
was  appointed  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  of  Fayette  county, 
Tenn.  In  1887  he  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  state  senate 
from  the  thirtieth  senatorial  district ;  and  in  1890-94  was  county 
court  clerk  of  Fjayette  county,  Tenn.  While  a  member  of  the 
Tennessee  state  senate  he  introduced  and  passed  the  election 
law  bill  of  the  state,  which  with  only  slight  modifications,  is 
still  on  the  statute  books.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  editor  of 
the  Reporter  of  Somerville,  Tenn.  Since  1895  he  has  been  chief 
of  education,  division  of  Indian  affairs ;  and  resides  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C. 

Edwards,  Thomas  M.,  state  representative  of  Idaho,  was  born 
Nov.  27,  1864,  in  Elk  Point,  S.  D.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  at  the  Yankton  high 
school.  He  is  a  successful  merchant  and  banker  of  McCammon, 
Idaho;  and  identified  with  the  McCammon  investment  company 
of  that  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  republican  party ;  and 
prominent  in  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  this  city  and 
state.  He  is  now  a  state  representative  in  the  Idaho  legislature 
for  the  term  of  1908-10 ;  and  resides  in  McCammon,  Idaho. 

Fauntleroy,  Powell  Conrad,  United  States  armv  officer,  was 
born  in  Virginia.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon 
from  Virginia;  and  in  1900  attained  the  rank  of  major  surgeon 
of  volunteers.  In  1901  he  was  honorablv  discharged  from 
volunteer  service.  He  joined'  the  medical  corps  of  the  United 
States  army;  is  now  a  surgeon  with  the  rank  of  major;  and 
stationed  at  Fort  Benjamin  Harrison.  Ind. 

Fechet,  Edmond  Gustave,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Michigan.  He  enlisted  from  Michigan :  in  1861-62  was 
sergeant  and  first  sergeant  in  the  seventh  Michigan  infantry;  in 
1862  he  became  second  lieutenant  in  the  seventh  Michigan  in 
fantry;  and  in  1863  resigned.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  quar- 
termaster-serreant  in  the  tenth  Michigan  cavalry;  in  1864  be 
came  second  lieutenant:  in  1865  was  made  first  lieutenant:  and 
in  1865  was  honorablv  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service;  in 
1866  he  became  second  lieutenant  in  the  eighth  cavalry;  in  1867 
became  first  lieutenant;  in  1870  became  captain;  in  1891  was 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  649 

promoted  to  major;  and  in  1898  retired.  In  1867  he  was  brev- 
etted  first  lieutenant  and  captain  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Md.  He  is  now  commander 
of  cadets  and  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  United  States  army; 
and  is  stationed  in  Urbana,  111. 

Fecter,  George  Ingraham,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  New  York.  In  1899  he  was  appointed  from  New  York  as 
second  lieutenant  in  the  nineteenth  United  States  infantry;  and 
in  1901  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant.  He  is  now  a  captain 
on  the  retired  list;  and  connected  with  the  United  States  re 
cruiting  office  at  Omaha,  Neb. 

Field,  Orin  Judson,  chief  clerk  United  States  department  of 
justice,  was  born  Nov.  18,  1868,  in  Wataga,  111.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools  and  colleges  of  his  native  state.  He 
is  a  member  of  several  social,  fraternal  and  patriotic  societies; 
and  has  held  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  In  1903  he  was  ap 
pointed  clerk  in  the  United  States  department  of  justice  at 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  since  1903  has  been  chief  clerk  of  that  de 
partment  ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Foote,  Frank  M.,  receiver  United  States  land  office  in  Wyom 
ing,  was  born  May  26,  1846,  in  South  Bend,  Ind.  He  was  edu 
cated  in  the  public'  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  graduated 
from  the  Valparaiso  university  of  Indiana.  For  many  years  he 
has  been  identified  with  railroading;  is  a  thirty-two  degree 
Mason  and  a  member  of  various  fraternal  and  patriotic  orders. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Wyoming  legislature;  served  as 
probate  judge;  and  filled  the  office  of  county  treasurer.  During 
the  Spanish-American  war  he  served  as  a  major  in  the  first 
regiment  Wyoming  infantry.  He  is  receiver  of  public  moneys 
in  the  United  States  land  office ;  is  now  serving  his  fourth  term 
of  1908-12 ;  and  resides  in  Evanston,  Wyo. 

Foreman,  James  Milton,  physician  and  surgeon  of  Missouri, 
was  born  April  13,  1829,  in  Jefferson  county,  Va.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  university  of  Virginia ;  and  in  1853  graduated  from 
the  Jefferson  medical  college.  He  is  a  successful  physician  and 
surgeon  of  Jonesburg,  Mo. ;  and  is  a  member  of  various  medical 
societies.  He  takes  an  active  part  in  the  public  and  business 
affairs  of  his  city,  county  and  state,  and  ranks  high  in  his  pro 
fession.  He  contributes  extensively  to  medical  and  current 
literature ;  and  is  the  author  of  numerous  Monographs ;  and 
resides  in  Jonesburg,  Mo. 

Grant,  William  W.,  physician  and  surgeon  of  Denver,  Colo., 
was  born  Nov.  15,  1846,  in  Russell  county,  Ala.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools  and  colleges  of  the 


650  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

south ;  and  in  1869  graduated  from  the  Long  Island  college 
hospital  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He  enlisted  in  the  civil  war ;  served 
for  eighteen  months ;  and  participated  in  numerous  battles  and 
skirmishes.  In  1872-85  he  practiced  his  profession  in  Davenport, 
La.;  and  in  1885-88  he  was  post-surgeon  at  the  Rock  Island 
arsenal.  He  is  now  a  practicing  physician  and  surgeon  of  Den 
ver,  Colo. ;  is  a  member  of  the  leading  medical  associations ;  is 
a  member  of  various  fraternal  patriotic  and  scientific  societies  $ 
has  filled  numerous  positions  of  trust  and  honor;  and  resides  in 
Denver,  Colo. 

Gunnell,  Allen  Thomson,  lawyer,  jurist,  legislator,  was  born 
Jan.  29,  1848,  in  Saline  county,  Mo.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  Bethany  college  of  West  Virginia.  He  has  been  judge 
of  Lake  county,  Col. ;  was  a  member  of  the  Colorado  state  legis 
lature  in  1879;  and  during  1891-95  served  with  distinction  as 
state  senator.  In  1896  he  was  a  presidential  elector.  He  is  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  Colorado,  and  has  a  lucrative  practice 
in  Colorado  Springs. 

Hastings,  Frank  W.,  farmer  and  author,  of  Glover,  Vt.,  was 
born  Dec.  31,  1856,  in  Waterford,  Vt.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  in  1875  graduated  from  St. 
Johnsbury  academy  of  Vermont.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  and 
insurance  man  of  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  He  is  prominently  identi 
fied  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of  Vermont ;  resides  in 
Glover,  Vt. ;  and  has  filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  is  the  author  of  Wed  to  a  Lunatic  ;  the  Untamed  Philosopher; 
and  With  The  Plugolians ;  and  resides  in  Glover,  Vt. 

'Hilton,  Robert  W.,  state  representative  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1868,  in  Hornell,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Alfred  university  of  New  York.  He  is  a  successful  manufac 
turer  of  Pennsylvania;  a  prominent  member  of  the  democratic 
party;  and  a  member  of  various  orders  and  societies.  He  is 
president  of  the  Allegheny  window  -glass  company ;  is  president 
of  the  Taintor  chemical  company;  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  Smethport  chemical  company;  and  identified  with  various 
other  industrial  corporations  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  now  a 
state  representative  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  for  the  term 
of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  East  Smethport,  Pa. 

Horr,  John  F.,  United  States  marshal  for  the  southern  district 
of  Florida,  was  born  Feb.  15,  1843,  in  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Greenway  academy  of 
Springfield,  Ohio.  He  is  a  successful  farmer ;  and  in  1889-93  was 
collector  of  customs  at  Key  West,  Fla.  Since  1905  he  has  been 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  651 

United  States  marshal  for  the  southern  district  of  Florida ;  and 
resides  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Houston,  Andrew  Jackson,  United  States  marshal  for  the 
eastern  district  of  Texas,  was  born  June  21,  1854,  in  Indepen 
dence,  Texas.  He  was  educated  in  the  military  schools  of 
Texas;  and  in  the  United  States  military  academy.  He  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  and  has  filled  many  positions  of  trust  and 
honor  in  the  civil  and  military  service,  and  in  civic  affairs.  Since 
1902  he  has  been  United  States  marshal  for  the  eastern  district 
of  Texas,  with  official  headquarters  in  Paris ;  is  now  serving1  his 
second  term  of  1906-10;  and  resides  in  Beaumont,  Texas. 

Humphrey,  Evan  Harris,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  California.  He  was  appointed  as  a  cadet  from  Nebraska  in 
1893  to  the  United  States  military  academy  at  West  Point ;  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1895.  In  1899  he  was  made 
second  lieutenant  in  the  seventh  United  States  cavalry ;  became 
first  lieutenant  in  the  eight  cavalry;  the  same  year  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  seventh  cavalry;  and  subsequently  attained  the 
rank  of  captain.  He  is  now  on  duty  in  the  quarter-master's 
department,  stationed  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Husted,  Glen  E.,  attorney  United  States  department  of  justice. 
was  born  Aug.  27,  1874,  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  He  was  educate  I 
at  the  Columbian  university,  receiving  the  degrees  of  LL.  B., 
LL.  M.  and  D.  C.  L.,  from  that  institution  of  learning.  He 
soon  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law ;  and  in  1903-09  was 
assistant  attorney  in  the  United  States  department  of  justice. 
Since  1909  he  has  been  attorney  in  the  United  States  department 
of  justice ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Jones,  Henry  Roger,  United  States  army  officer,  was  bcrn  in 
Connecticut.  In  1861  he  entered  the  Union  service  as  first  ser 
geant  of  company  C,  eighth  regiment  Connecticut  volunteer  in 
fantry  ;  became  second  lieutenant  in  1862 ;  and  was  honorably 
mustered  out  in  January,  1863.  In  July  of  1863  he  became 
second  lieutenant  in  the  veteran  reserve  corps ;  became  first  lieu 
tenant  in  1864 ;  was  promoted  to  captain  in  1865  ;  and  was  honor 
ably  mustered  out  in  1866.  The  same  year  he  was  appointed  a 
first  lieutenant  in  the  forty-third  regiment  United  State  in 
fantry;  was  transferred  to  the  first  regiment  United  States  in 
fantry  in  1869 ;  and  retired  from  active  service  in  1878.  He  is 
now  a  captain  of  the  United  States  army  on  the  retired  list ;  and 
resides  in  New  Hartford,  Conn. 

Jones,  W.  A.  Fleming,  United  States  commissioner,  was  born 
Nov.  30,  1871,  in  Birmingham,  England.  He  received  an  aca 
demic  education  in  England.  He  is  by  profession  an  eminent 


652  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

land  attorney  and  financial  agent  of  New  Mexico.  He  is  identified 
with  the  republican  party ;  is  a  thirty-two  d'egree  Mason ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Toltec  club  of  El  Paso,  Texas;  and  a  member  of  the 
Elks  at  Las  Cruces,  N.  M.  He  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
New  Mexico  territorial  fair ;  vice-president  of  the  New  Mexico 
historical  society;  vice-president  from  New  'Mexico  to  the  Na 
tional  river  and  harbors  congress ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Amer 
ican  forestry  association,  National  geographic  society,  Santa  Fe 
archaeological  society,  Mesilla  Valley  chamber  of  commerce  and 
various  other  political,  scientific  and  economical  societies.  Since 
1909  he  has  been  secretary  of  the  Conservation  commsission; 
since  1906  he  has  been  United  States  commissioner;  is  now 
serving  his  second  term  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  regents  of 
the  New  Mexico  school  of  mines ;  and  resides  in  Las  Cruces, 
N.  M. 

Kendig,  Daniel,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  entered  the  United  States  army  from  California; 
in  1859-67  was  chaplain  of  the  posts  of  Fort  Steilacoom,  Wash., 
and  the  presidio  of  San  Francisco;  in  1867  was  made  post 
chaplain ;  in  1888  was  retired ;  has  attained  the  rank  of  major ; 
and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Kennedy,  T.  Blake,  United  States  referee  in  bankruptcy,  was 
born  April  4,  1874,  in  Commerce,  Mich.  He  was  educated  at 
Franklin  college;  and  at  Syracuse  university.  He  has  attained 
success  at  the  bar;  is  identified  with  the  the  republican  party; 
and  has  filled  several  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in  Wyoming. 
He  is  United  States  referee  in  bankruptcy;  is  now  serving  his 
fourth  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

Kidd,  Frank  A.,  member  United  States  geographic  board,  was 
born  March  30,  1858,  in  Virginia.  Re  received  a  thorough  edu 
cation  and  graduated  from  Earlham.  Fpr  many  years  he  has 
been  engaged  in  literary  work ;  and  has  edited  numerous  pub 
lished  volumes.  Since  1906  he  has  been  editor  and  chief  of  the 
proof  section  in  the  United  States  government  printing  office ; 
and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Kniffen,  Gilbert  Crawford,  division  chief  United  States  bureau 
of  pensions,  was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  from  Kentucky 
as  a  captain  of  commissary  of  subsistence  United  States  volun 
teers  in  1861 ;  in  1863  was  lieutenant-colonel ;  and  in  1865  was 
brevetted  major  of  volunteers  for  efficient  and  meritorious  ser 
vices  during  the  war.  He  has  been  for  many  years  in  the  gov 
ernment  service;  and  has  held  various  positions  of  trust  and 
he  nor.  He  is  now  division  chief  in  the  United  States  bureau  of 
pensions ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  653 

Lang,  Frank  Runyan,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born  in 
Maine.  He  served  in  the  volunteers  throughout  the  Spanish- 
American  war  in  1898;  was  with  the  ninth  regiment  United 
States  infantry  in  the  Philippine  campaigns  of  1899-1900,  includ 
ing  the  battles  of  the  northern  advance  in  Luzon,  the  battle  of 
Porac,  and  the  night  attacks  at  Angeles.  He  served  with  the 
Macabebe  scouts  in  the  provinces  of  Tralac  and  Pampanga; 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Tientsin,  Peitsang  and  Yang- 
stun  and  in  the  advance  of  Pekin  during  the  boxer  trouble  in 
China;  and  was  shot  through  the  arm  at  the  battle  of  Tientsin, 
In  1898  he  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant;  and  in  1899  be 
came  second  lieutenant  in  the  ninth  regiment  United  States  in 
fantry.  In  1901  he  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  in  the  twen 
ty-seventh  regiment  United  States  infantry;  and  the  same  year 
was  transferred  to  the  ninth  regiment.  He  subsequently  attained 
the  rank  of  captain ;  and  in  1909  was  appointed  major  and  judge 
advocate  second  regiment  United  States  infantry.  He  has  at 
tained  an  enviable  record  as  a  gallant,  studious  and  highly  effi 
cient  officer ;  is  now  on  the  retired  list ;  and  resides  in  Memphis, 
Tenn. 

Light,  C.  M.,  president  New  Mexico  normal  school,  was  born 
Nov.  13,  1853,  in  Scott  county,  Ind.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  and  private  schools;  and  in  the  schools  and  colleges  of 
Austin,  Texas.  He  is  an  independent  republican;  is  a  member 
of  the  New  Mexico  board  of  education ;  and  for  many  years  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  educational  and  public 
affairs  of  New  Mexico.  He  has  contributed  extensively  to  edu 
cational  and  scientific  publications ;  for  the  past  fourteen  years 
has  been  president  of  the  New  Mexico  normal  school ;  and  re 
sides  in  Silver  City,  N.  M. 

Lockwood,  John  Alexander,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Saxony.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  from  the  District  of 
Columbia  as  second  lieutenant  in  the  seventeenth  regiment  Unit 
ed  States  infantry;  and  in  1889  attained  the  rank  of  first  lieu 
tenant.  In  1891  he  was  transferred  to  the  fourth  United  States 
cavalry ;  attained  the  rank  of  captain  in  1898 ;  and  was  retired 
in  1900.  He  is  now  connected  with  the  United  States  recruiting 
office  at  Denver,  Col. 

Loveland,  Frank  O.,  clerk  United  States  court  of  appeals,  for 
the  sixth  district,  was  born  Dec.  12,  1861,  in  Norwich,  Vt.  He 
was  educated  at  St.  Johnsbury  academy  of  Vermont;  in  1886 
received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Dartmouth  college;  and  in 
1888  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  the  Cincinnati  law 
school.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession;  and  a  prominent  mem- 


654  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

her  of  the  Republican  party.  He  is  the  author  of  Loveland  on 
Bankruptcy;  and  Loveland's  Forms  of  Federal  Practice.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  University  Club  of  Cincinnati.  Since  1894  he 
has  been  clerk  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  of  appeals  for 
the  sixth  district,  a  life  position  cr  during  good  behavior;  and 
resides  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Loveland,  Harvey  D.,  railroad  commissioner  of  the  state  of 
California,  was  born  July  19,  1853,  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  state ;  and  under 
private  tutors.  He  has  attained  success  as  one  of  the  foremost 
attorneys  of  California;  and  served  on  the  staff  of  the  governor 
of  California  with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  is  past-president  of 
the  Trans-Mississippi  commercial  congress;  past-president  of 
the  Pacific  coast  jobbers  and  manufacturers  association;  and  was 
grand  commander  of  the  Knights  Templar  of  California.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Union  League,  the  Commonwealth  and  vari 
ous  other  clubs;  is  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce;  is 
a  member  of  the  Merchant's  association ;  and  has  filled  numerous 
other  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  now  railroad  com 
missioner  for  the  second  district  of  the  state  of  California  for 
the  term  of  1906-10 ;  and  resides  in  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Macomb,  Montgomery,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
Oct.  12,  1852,  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  was  educated  in  the  private 
schools  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  at  high  school  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  H. ;  in  1869  graduated  from  Hughes  high  school  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio;  graduated  from  Yale;  and  in  1874  graduated  from  the 
United'  States  military  academy  at  West  Point.  He  passed 
through  all  grades  from  second  lieutenant  to  colonel  of  artillery 
United  States  army;  and  was  military  attache,  with  the  Rus 
sian  armies  in  Manchuria  during  the  Russo-Japanese  war.  He  is 
now  colonel  sixth  field  artillery,  detached  on  general  staff,  war 
department ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mapes,  William  Sanford,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  New  York.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  from  Nebraska  as 
major  in  the  second  regiment  of  the  Nebraska  infantry;  and  the 
same  year  was  honorably  mustered  out.  In  1899  he  was  ap 
pointed  first  lieutenant  in  the  thirty-second  regiment  United 
States  volunteer  infantry;  and  in  1901  became  first  lieutenant 
in  the  twenty-fifth  regiment  United  States  infantry;  and  is  now 
stationed  at  Fort  George  Wright,  Wash. 

Marshall,  William  Louis,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  In  1862-63  he  served  as  a  private  soldier  in 
the  civil  war.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  from  Kentucky  a 
cadet  in  the  United  States  military  academy;  and  graduated 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  665 

from  that  institution  in  1868.  In  1868  he  was  brevetted  second 
lieutenant  of  engineers;  in  1869  was  made  second  lieutenant; 
in  1871  became  first  lieutenant;  in  1882  became  captain;  and 
in  1895  attained  the  rank  of  major.  He  is  now  chief  of  en 
gineers  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general;  and  is  stationed  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 

999.  McFie,  John  R.,  associate  justice  supreme  court  of  New 
Mexico,  was  born  Oct.  9,  1848,  in  Washington  county,  111.  He 
received  an  academic  education  and  private  instruction  in  Illi 
nois.  He  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law ;  for  two  terms 
was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state  legislature;  and  served  as 
registrar  of  the  United  States  land  office  at  Las  Cruces,  N.  M. 
He  is  identified  with  the  republican  party;  and  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Bar  association  and!  various  other  societies.  He 
is  an  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Mexico 
and  judge  of  the  first  judicial  circuit;  is  now  serving  his  fourth 
term  of  four  years  each  for  1906-10;  and  resides  in  Santa  Fe, 
N.  M.  ,  ,  . 

McGee,  W.  J.,  geologist,  anthropologist,  was  born  April  17, 
1853,  in  Farley,  Iowa.  In  his  youth  he  studied  latin,  astronomy, 
the  higher  mathematics,  law  and  surveying.  In  1874-76  he  was 
interested  in  the  manufacture  of  agricultural  machinery;  and 
invented  and  patented  various  devices.  In  1877-81  he  made 
geological  and  topographical  survey  of  Northeastern  Iowa;  and 
in  1882-93  was  attached  to  the  United  States  geological  survey 
as  geologist.  In  1893-1903  he  was  in  the  bureau  of  American 
ethnology  as  ethnologist-in-charge.  Since  1907  he  has  been 
expert  engaged  in  soilwater  investigations  in  the  bureau  of 
soils,  department  of  agriculture.  He  is  also  a  member  and 
secretary  of  the  United  States  inland  waterways  commission; 
and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

McMillan,  Ross,  supervisor  Carson  national  forest  service, 
wtas  born  Aug.  9,  1877,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  at 
Cornell  university  of  Ithaca  N.  Y.  For  many  years  he  has  been 
successfully  engaged  as  a  lumberman  and  stockman ;  is  pro 
minently  identified  with  the  republican  party;  and  a  member 
of  various  social,  fraternal  and  patriotic  orders.  He  is  now 
connected  with  the  forest  service,  United  States  department 
of  agriculture;  is  supervisor  of  the  Carson  national  forest,  a 
civil  service  appointment ;  and  resides  in  Antonito,  Colo. 

Merry,  WilHam  Topping,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  New  York.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  from  New  York 
as  a  cadet  to  the  United  States  military  academy  at  West 
Point ;  and  in  1899  graduated  from  that  institution.  He  was  at 


656  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

once  made  second  lieutenant  in  the  twenty-third  regiment 
United  States  infantry;  in  1900  he  was  promoted  to  first  lieu 
tenant  in  the  first  regiment  United  States  infantry;  and  in 
1901  was  transferred  to  the  twenty-third  regiment  United 
States  infantry.  He  is  now  captain  in  the  ninth  regiment 
United  States  infantry;  and  stationed  at  Fort  Sam  Houston, 
Texas. 

Miller,  Samuel  Warren,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed  in  1875  as  a  cadet  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  United  States  military  academy;  and  in 
1879  graduated  from  that  institution.  He  was  at  once  com 
missioned  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  fifth  regiment  United 
States  infantry;  and  attained  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  in 
1885.  In  1889-93  he  was  regimental  quartermaster.  In  1S93 
he  was  promoted  to  captain;  and  in  1899  attained  che  rank  of 
major  in  the  forty-sixth  regiment  United  States  volunteers ; 
and  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service  in 
1901.  In  1902  he  became  major  in  the  nineteenth  regiment 
United  States  infantry;  and  is  now  stationed  in  the  inspector- 
general's  department,  headquarters  department  of  Dakota,  at 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Milliken,  S.  A.,  secretary  Silver  City  armory  board  of  control 
of  New  Mexico,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1861,  at  Mountain  Home,  Pa. 
He  was  educated  in  the  Airy  View  academy;  attended  Tuscar- 
ora  academy;  and  was  a  student  in  the  university  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  graduating  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  He  moved  to 
New  Mexico ;  he  now  has  a  large  and  lucrative  practice  in  Sil 
ver  City.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Grant  county  medical  society ; 
a  member  of  the  New  Mexico  territorial  medical  society ;  an 
associate  of  the  military  surgeons  of  the  United  States ;  and  is 
prominently  identified  with  business  affairs  of  his  community. 
He  has  been  major  in  the  medical  department ;  and  also  chief 
surgeon  in  the  New  Mexico  national  guard.  He  is  secretary  of 
the  Silver  City  armory  board  of  control ;  is  now  serving  his  first 
term  of  1908-10;  and  resides  in  Silver  City,  N.  M. 

Mills,  Robert  H.,  United  States  army  officer.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools  and  colleges ;  has 
attained  prominence  as  a  successful  dental  surgeon ;  and  has 
filled  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  is  dental  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  army ;  and  is  now  stationed  at  Fort  Adams, 
R.  I. 

Noble,  Robert  Houston,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  Maryland.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
military  academy  at  West  Point;  in  1884  graduated  from  that 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  657 

institution  and  was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  in  the  first 
regiment  United  States  infantry.  In  1884  he  served  in  Arizona ; 
in  1885-86  was  in  the  Geronimo  campaign;  then  was  with  his 
regiment  in  California  to  1890;  and  in  1891  attained  the  rank 
of  first  lieutenant.  In  1890-94  he  was  professor  of  military 
science  at  St.  John's  college  of  Annapolis,  Md.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from  the  university  of  Maryland;  and  in 
1892  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  In  1897  he  was  regimental 
adjutant  and  aide-de-camp  to  General  Shafter.  In  1898  he 
was  major  and  assistant  adjutant  general  of  volunteers  and 
aide  to  commanding  the  general  American  forces  in  the  San 
tiago  campaign.  In  1898  he  was  promoted  a  captain;  in  1899- 
1901  was  in  various  campaigns  in  the  Philippine  Islands;  and 
was  then  appointed  by  the  Philippine  commission  to  organize 
civil  government  in  the  unorganized  pueblos  of  Ilcile  Province. 
In  1902-08  he  was  aide-de-camp  to  governor-generals  Taft, 
Wright,  Ide  and  Smith.  Since  1907  he  has  been  a  major  in 
the  first  regiment  United  States  infantry;  and  is  now  stationed 
at  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash. 

Perry,  Alexander  James,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
Dec.  11,  1828,  in  New  London,  Conn.  In  1851  he  graduated 
from  the  United  States  military  academy.  He  was  then  brev- 
etted  second  lieutenant  in  the  second  United  States  artillery;  in 
1854  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant;  and  in  1861  attained  the 
rank  of  captain  and  assistant  quartermaster.  In  1862-63  he 
was  lieutenant  colonel  and  quarter-master;  in  1864-67  was  col 
onel  quartermaster;  and  in  1866  became  major  quartermaster  in 
the  United  States  army.  In  1875  he  became  lieutenant  colonel 
deputy  quarter-master-general ;  in  1883  became  colonel  and 
assistant  quartermaster-general ;  and  in  1892  was  retired  by  oper 
ation  of  law.  In  1904  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  retired.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  major,  lieutenant 
colonel  and  colonel  for  services  during  the  civil  war;  and  in 
1865  was  brevetted  brigadier-general  for  services  in  the  quarter 
master  department  during  the  civil  war.  He  is  a  retired  briga 
dier-general  United  States  army;  and  resides  in  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Phillips,  William,  United  States  government  official.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  government  service;  and 
served  with  great  ability  as  third  assistant  secretary  of  state, 
United  States  department  of  state  at  Washington,  D.  C.  He  is 
now  connected  with  the  diplomatic  service  of  the  United  States, 
with  headquarters  at  the  American  Embassy  in  London,  Eng 
land. 


658  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

Pool  Charles  W.,  state  representative  of  Nebraska,  was  born 
Nov.  20,  1856,  in  Henry  county,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Nebraska;  became  a  successful  newspaper  edi 
tor  and  publisher;  and  is  identified  with  the  Journal-Tribunal 
printing  company  of  Tecumseh,  Neb.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  city  council ;  a  member  of  the  city  library  board ;  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity ;  and  identified 
with  the  democratic  party.  He  is  now  a  state  representative 
and  speaker  of  the  house  of  the  Nebraska  legislature  for  the 
term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Tecumseh,  Neb. 

Prindle,  Frederick  W.,  editor  Granite  State  News  of  New 
Hampshire,  was  born  May  8,  1854,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H. ;  and 
in  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  re 
publican  party;  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masons  and  vari 
ous  other  fraternal  and  patriotic  orders.  He  is  justice  of  the 
police  court ;  and  prominently  identified  with  the  business  and 
public  affairs  of  his  city  and  state.  He  is  now  editor  of  the 
Granite  State  News  of  Wolfeboro,  N.  H. 

Putnam,  Herbert,  librarian  of  the  United  States  congress,  was 
born  Sept.  20,  1861,  in  New  York  city.  In  1883  he  graduated 
from  Harvard  college;  and  he  has  received  the  degrees  of  Litt. 
D.  and  LL.  D.  In  1886  he  was  admitted  to  the  Minneapolis 
bar;  in  1892  to  the  bar  of  Suffolk  county,  Mass.;  and  in  1892-95 
practiced  law  in  Boston,  Mass.  In  1884-87  he  was  librarian  of 
the  Minneapolis  athenaeum ;  in  1887-91  was  librarian  of  the  Min 
neapolis  public  library ;  and  in  1895-99  was  librarian  of  the 
Boston  public  library.  Since  1898  he  has  twice  been  pres 
ident  of  the  American  library  association.  Since  1899  he  has 
been  librarian  of  the  library  of  congress;  and!  resides  in  Wash 
ington,  D.  C. 

Randall,  George  Morton,  United  States  arm'y  officer,  was  born 
in  Ohio.  In  1861  he  enlisted  from  Pennsylvania  as  a  private 
soldier  in  the  fourth  regiment  Pennsylvania  infantry;  the  same 
year  became  second  lieutenant;  in  1862  was  made  first  lieutenant; 
in  1864  major;  in  1865  lieutenant-colonel;  and  in  1865  was  honor 
ably  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service.  In  1865  he  was  ap 
pointed  captain  in  the  United  States  army;  and  in  1870  was 
assigned  to  the  twenty-third  infantry.  In  1891  he  became  major; 
in  1894  was  made  lieutenant-colonel ;  in  1898  colonel ;  and  in  1898 
was  transferred  to  the  eighth  infantry  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers.  In  1899  he  was  honorably  discharged 
from  volunteer  service;  and  in  1901  became  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  United  States  army.  He  received  the  brevets  of  captain, 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  659 

major,  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  of  volunteers,  and  the 
brevets  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  for  gallant  and  merit 
orious  services  in  1873.  He  has  since  attained  the  rank  of  major- 
general  on  the  retired  list;  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Cheyenne, 
Wyo. 

Seavey,  John  S.  F.,  state  representative  of  New  Hampshire, 
was  born  Feb.  1,  1853,  in  Harrington,  N.  H.  He  was  educated 
at  the  Austin  academy  of  Strafford,  N.  H. ;  and  graduated  from 
the  Franklin  academy  of  Dover,  N.  H.  He  is  by  profession 
an  engineer;  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  republican  party; 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity;  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  church,  being  now  moderator ;  and  is  a  prominent  candi 
date  for  the  state  senate  in  the  fall  of  1910.  He  is  now  a  state 
representative  in  the  New  Hampshire  legislature  for  the  term  of 
1909-10;  during  he  first  session  made  several  notable  speeches; 
is  one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  committee  on  public  im 
provement;  and  resides  in  Barrington,  N.  H. 

Service,  Samuel  W.,  senior  veterinary  surgeon  United  States 
army.  He  received  a  thorough  education  in  the  public  schools 
and  colleges ;  attended  the  leading  medical  and  veterinary  col 
leges  ;  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.  D.  and  V.  S.  He  is 
a  noted  veterinary  surgeon ;  and  has  attained  success  in  his  pro 
fession  ;  and  is  a  member  of  various  medical  and  scientific  soci 
eties.  He  is  now  senior  veterinary  surgeon  in  the  tenth  cav 
alry  of  the  United  States  army;  and  in  1910  was  stationed  at 
Fort  Allen,  Vt. 

Simpson,  Samuel  W.,  state  representative  of  Arkansas,  was 
born  Dec.  6,  1852,  in  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  state.  He  is  a  successful  farmer;  is 
identified  with  the  democratic  party;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Oddfellows  and  other  fraternal  and  patriotic  orders.  For  ten 
years  he  held  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  in  his  township; 
for  twelve  years  was  postmaster  in  1885-97 ;  for  six  years  was 
school  director  of  school  district  number  thirty-one;  and  has 
held  various  other  local  positions  of  trust  and  honor.  In  1901- 
03  he  was  a  state  representative  in  the  Arkansas  legislature; 
is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1909-11 ;  and  resides  in  Ab 
bott,  Ark. 

Smith,  Joseph  Rowe,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born  in 
New  York.  In  1854  he  was  made  assistant  surgeon ;  in  1862  be 
came  major  surgeon ;  in  1885  became  surgeon  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant  colonel ;  and  in  1890  was  surgeon  with  the  rank  of 
colonel.  In  1865  he  was  brevetted  lieutenant  colonel  for  superior 
ability  and  excellent  management  of  affairs  of  his  department; 


660  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

and  in  1866  was  brevetted  colonel  for  meritorious  services  and 
devotion  to  the  sick  during  the  prevalence  of  the  cholera  at 
Little  Rock,  Ark.  In  1895  he  was  retired ;  has  since  attained  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general;  and  resides  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Smither,  Robert  Geno,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born  in 
Indiana.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  from  Indiana  as  a  private  sol 
dier  in  company  I,  twenty-sixth  regiment  Indiana  infantry;  in 
1863  attained  the  rank  ci  sergeant  in  company  H,  seventh  regi 
ment  Indiana  cavalry ;  became  second  lieutenant  in  1864 ;  attained 
the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  in  1865  and  was  honorably  mustered 
out  in  1866.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  first  lieutenant  in  the 
tenth  United  States  cavalry;  in  1877-81  was  regimental  adjutant; 
was  promoted  to  captain  in  1881 ;  and  was  retired  in  1888.  He 
now  holds  the  rank  of  major  on  the  retired  list;  and  resides  in 
Redlands,  Cal. 

Stevenson,  Reginald  C.,  state  representative  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  was  born  Dec.  6,  1879,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  H.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Brooklyn  latin  school ;  and  at  Phillips  Exeter  acad 
emy.  He  is  prominently  identified  with  the  republican  party  of 
New  Hampshire ;  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  governor's 
staff  with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  is  president  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  auto  club ;  is  president  of  the  Exeter  county  club ;  and 
prominently  identified  with  the  business  and  public  affairs  of 
his  city  and  state.  He  is  a  state  representative  in  the  New 
Hampshire  legislature;  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of  1909- 
11 ;  is  a  member  of  the  committee  on  appropriation  and  on  liq 
uor  laws ;  and  resides  in  Exeter,  N.  H. 

Stickle,  Horton  Whitefield,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Iowa.  He  received  the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  state;  and  in  1895  was  appointed 
from  Iowa  as  a  cadet  in  the  United  States  military  academy  at 
West  Point.  On  graduation  in  1899  he  was  appointed  second 
lieutenant  United  States  engineers ;  and  in  1901  attained  the 
rank  of  first  lieutenant.  He  saw  active  service  in  the  Spanish- 
American  war;  and  passed  through  various  battles  and  skir 
mishes.  He  is  now  captain  in  the  engineer  corps  of  the  Isthmian 
canal  commission  at  Culebra,  Panama. 

Studley,  Elmer  E.,  district  attorney  for  Colfax  county,  N.  M., 
was  born  in  1870  in  the  state  of  New  York.  He  received  a  thor 
ough  education ;  graduated  with  the  degrees  of  A.B.  and  LL.B. 
from  Cornell  university;  and  in  1895  was  admitted  to  the  New 
York  bar.  He  participated  in  the  Spanish-American  war  as 
first  lieutenant  in  the  two  hundred  and  second  regiment  New 
York  volunteer  infantry ;  and  served  in  Cuba  under  General  Fitz- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  661 

hugh  Lee.  In  1907  he  was  a  representative  in  the  New  Mex 
ico  legislature;  and  has  attained  success  in  the  practice  of  law. 
He  is  now  district  attorney  of  Colfax  county  for  the  term  of 
1909-10;  and  resides  in  Raton,  N.M. 

Waclsworth,  H.  E.,  superintendent  and  special  disbursing 
agent  United  States  Indian  service,  was  born  April  5,  1865,  in 
Auburn,  111.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  na 
tive  state ;  and  is  by  profession  an  accountant.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  republican  party ;  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  Sons  of  the 
American  revolution  and  various  other  fraternal  and  patriotic 
orders.  In  1889-1900  he  was  chief  clerk  in  the  Shoshone  agency 
in  Wyoming;  and  in  1900-03  was  clerk  for  the  United  States 
senate  committee  on  claims  under  chairman  Senator  Warren  of 
Wyoming.  Since  1903  he  has  been  superintendent  and  special 
disbursing  agent  in  the  United  States  Indian  service,  depart 
ment  of  the  interior;  is  superintendent  of  the  Shoshone  indus 
trial  school ;  and  resides  in  Wind  River,  Wyo. 

Watrous,  Jerome  Anthony,  United  States  army  officer,  was 
born  in  Conklin,  Brown  county,  N.  Y.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools ;  and  for  one  term  was  a  student  at  Lawrence 
college  of  Appleton,  Wis.  In  1861  he  enlisted  as  a  private  sol 
dier  in  the  sixth  Wisconsin  infantry;  was  made  ordnance  ser 
geant  of  a  brigade  and  later  was  made  ordnance  sergeant  of  a 
division.  He  then  became  sergeant-major  of  his  regiment; 
and  was  soon  made  a  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant,  going  from 
that  position  to  adjutant-general  of  the  Iron  brigade  of  the  west. 
He  served  four  years  and  won  a  captaincy,  and  in  1865  was  hon 
orably  mustered  out.  He  has  served  as  a  colonel  and  brigadier- 
general  in  the  National  guard.  He  has  been  county  superin 
tendent  of  schools;  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  state  legisla 
ture;  and  collector  of  customs  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.  In  1898  he 
returned  to  the  service  of  the  United  States  as  major  and  pay 
master,  and  in  1904  was  retired  as  lieutenant-colonel.  He  has 
been  engaged  as  an  editor  and  publisher;  is  still  writing  for  the 
press;  and  resides  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Webster,  John  McAdam,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  Ohio.  In  1865  he  became  second  lieutenant  in  the  one  hun 
dred  and  ninety-seventh  regiment  Ohio  infantry.  In  1866  he 
was  appointed  from  Ohio  a  cadet  in  the  United  States  military 
academy;  and  in  1871  graduated  from  that  institution.  He  was 
at  once  commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  the  twenty-second 
regiment  United  States  infantry;  and  in  1879  was  promoted 
to  first  lieutenant.  In  1884  he  became  a  regimental  adjutant; 
in  1884-88  served  as  regimental  quartermaster;  and  in  1894 


662  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

attained  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1898  he  was  retired  from  the 
United  States  army  with  the  rank  of  captain ;  and  is  now  con 
nected  with  Colville  Indian  agency  at  Miles,  Wash. 

Weston,  John  Francis,  major-general  United  States  army, 
was  born  in  Kentucky.  During  the  civil  war  he  attained  the 
rank  of  major.  He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  in  United 
States  volunteers  in  1898.  In  1900  he  was  commissioned  com 
missary-general  of  the  United  States  army,  with  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Weyrauch,  Paul  Hugo,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  Germany.  In  1895-98  he  served  in  the  United  States  army 
as  a  private  soldier  and  corporal  in  the  first  artillery ;  and  was 
and  acting  hospital  steward,  in  1899-1901  was  hospital  steward 
and  acting  hospital  steward  in  1899-1901  was  hospital  steward 
of  the  twenty-eighth  regiment  in  the  volunteer  infantry ;  in  1901- 
02  was  hospital  steward ;  and  in  1901  became  second  lieutenant 
in  the  fourteenth  cavalry.  He  is  now  a  second  lieutenant  on 
the  retired  list ;  and  resides  in  Walla  Walla,  Wash. 

Whiting,  Vinson  M.,  educator,  lawyer,  stockman,  statesman, 
was  born  Aug.  12,  1855,  in  Red  Boiling  Springs.  Tenn.  He 
taught  school  for  ten  years  in  1873-83;  and  in  1883-87  was  in 
the  circuit  court  clerk's  office  of  Macon  county,  Tenn.  Since 
1886  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Red  "Boiling 
Spring's,  Tenn.;  in  1893  he  was  a  representative  in  the  Ten 
nessee  state  legislature ;  and  has  held  various  other  positions 
of  trust  and  honor. 

Willoughby,  William  Franklin,  secretarv  of  Porto  Rico,  was 
born  July  20,  1867,  in  Alexandria,  Va.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Washington  high  school;  and  received  the  decree  of  A.  B. 
from  Johns  Hopkins  university.  He  has  been  a  lecturer  at  the 
Johns  Hopkins  university  and  at  Harvard  universitv ;  expert 
in  the  United  States  department  of  labor;  and  has  filled  other 
positions  of  trust  and'  honor.  He  has  been  treasurer  of  Porto 
Rico;  and  resides  in  San  Juan,  P.  R.  He  is  the  author  of 
Workingmen's  Insurance ;  Territories  and  Dependencies ;  and 
other  works. 

Wilson,  James.  United  States  secretarv  of  agriculture,  was 
born  An  .ST.  16,  1835,  in  Scotland.  Tn  1855  he  moved  to  Towa. 
locating  in  Tama  county,  where,  as  earlv  as  1861  he  en^a^ed 
in  farming  on  his  own  account.  He  was  eleceted  to  the  state 
legislature,  and  served  in  the  twelfth,  thirteenth,  and  fourteenth 
general  assemblies,  being  speaker  of  the  house  in  the  last  men 
tioned  assembly.  He  was  elected  to  congress  in  1872.  and 
served  in  the  forty-third,  forty-fourth  and  forty-eighth  con- 


OF  THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  663 

grasses.  From  1870  to  1874  he  was  a  regent  of  the  state  uni 
versity,  and  made  secretary  of  agriculture  March  5,  1897.  He 
was  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress.  Since  1897  he  has  been 
United  States  secretary  of  agriculture;  and  resides  in  Wash 
ington,  Di  C. 

Willis,  David,  post  chaplain  United  States  army,  was  born 
Jan.  7,  1823,  in  Adams  county,  Pa.  He  was  educated  at  the 
colleges  of  Washington  and  Tusculum,  Tenn. ;  and  in  1850 
graduated  from  the  theological  seminary  of  Columbia,  S.  C. 
He  soon  thereafter  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry ;  and 
has  received  the  degrees  of  D.  DI.  and  LL.  d.  He  has  held  im 
portant  pastorates  in  several  of  the  states.  First  in  Laurens- 
ville,  S.  C. ;  in  1860  became  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
church  in  Macon,  Ga. ;  and  in  1870  was  elected  president  of 
the  Oglethorpe  university  of  Atlanta,  Ga.  In  1874  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Western  Presbyterian  church  of  Washington, 
D.  C.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  post  chaplain  in  the  United 
States  army;  and  in  1886  was  retired  under  operation  of  law. 
He  then  became  pastor  of  the  North  Tenth  Street  church  of 
Philadelphia ;  and  is  now  pastor  emeritus  of  the  Disston 
Memorial  church  of  that  city. 

Wilson,  Jesse  E.,  assistant  secretary  United  States  interior 
department,  was  born  Oct.  4,  1867,  in  Owen  county,  Ind.  Since 
1905  he  has  been  assistant  secretary  United  States  interior  de 
partment ;  and  resides  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Wood,  Benjamin  Franklin,  lieutenant-commander  United 
States  navy,  was  born  Otet.  6,  1830,  in  Brownsville,  N.  Y.  He 
aws  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Dexter,  N. 
Y. ;  and  became  an  engineer  in  the  United  States  navy.  He 
attained  the  rank  of  chief  engineer;  and  has  been  connected 
with  various  expeditions.  Since  1883  he  has  held  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-commander  in  the  United  States  navy,  and  is  now 
retired ;  and  resides  in  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

Wood,  Leonard,  major-general  United  States  army,  was  born 
Oct.  9,  I860,  in  Winchester,  N.  H.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Massachusetts ;  attended  the  Pierce  academy 
of  Middleboro,  Mass. ;  graduated  from  the  medical  schools  of 
Harvard  university  and  has  received  the  degrees  of  M.  D.  and 
LL.  D.  In  1886-91  he  was  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon 
in  the  United  States  army ;  andl  in  1891-1901  was  captain  and 
assistant  surgeon.  In  1898  he  was  colonel  of  the  first  United 
States  volunteer  cavalry;  and  in  the  same  year  became  briga 
dier-general  United  States  volunteers,  and  in  1898-99  was  major- 
general  United  States  volunteers.  Since  1903  he  has  been 


664  PROGRESSIVE  AMERICANS 

major-general  United  States  army.  He  served  as  medical  and 
line  officer  in  Lawton's  Experdition  which  resulted  in  the  cap 
ture  of  Geronimo,  the  Appache  chief;  and  served  against  the 
hostile  Indians  in  Arizona  and  exico.  During  the  Spanish- 
American  was  he  commanded  a  regiment  in  the  Las  Guasamas 
fight;  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Santiago.  He  was  appointed 
governor  of  Santiago  de  Cuba;  and  in  1899-1902  was  governor- 
general  of  Cuba.  In  1903-06  he  was  governor  of  the  Moro 
Moro  Providence,  P.  I.;  and  commanding-general  department 
of  Mindanao;  and1  since  1900  has  been  in  command  of  the 
Philippines  division. 

Wood,  Marshall  William,  lieutenant-colonel  United  States 
army,  was  born  June  3,  1846,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  He  was 
educated  at  Belleville  Union  academy;  Rush  medical  college; 
and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Bowdoin  university. 
Until  1902  he  was  a  medical  officer  in  the  United  States  army; 
then  retired ;  and  is  now  engaged  in  mining.  He  has  been 
surgeon  in  the  United  States  army ;  president  of  the  Idaho  state 
medical  society ;  has  received  all  the  degrees  of  Mansonry ;  and 
belongs  to  all  the  patriotic  socities.  Since  1904  he  has  held  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  United  States  army;  is  now 
on  the  retired  list ;  and  resides  in  Boise,  Idaho. 

Woodbury,  Nathan  F.,  member  prohibition  national  commit 
tee  for  Maine,  was  born  Jan.  20,  1850,  in  Sturbridge,  Mass.  He 
is  president  of  the  FVames-Willard  Shoe  Co. ;  and  treasurer  of 
the  Auburn-Lynn  Shoe  Co.  Since  1880  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Maine  prohibition  national  committee,  and  is  now  serv 
ing  the  term  of  1908-12. 

Woodson,  Robert  Scott,  United  States  army  officer,  was  born 
in  Virginia.  In  1884  he  was  appointed  a  cadet  from  Alabama 
to  the  United  States  military  academy;  and  attended  that 
institution  of  learning  until  1885.  In  1892  he  was  made  assistant 
surgeon ;  is  now  employed  in  the  United  States  medical  corps 
with  the  rank  of  major;  and  is  stationed  at  Fort  Hamilton, 
N.  Y. 

Wotherspoon,  William  Wallace,  brigadier-general  United 
States  army,  was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  1873 
he  became  second  lieutenant;  and  in  1901  was  promoted  major. 

Wright,  Luke  E.,  United  States  minister  to  Japan,  was  born 
in  1847  in  Tennessee.  For  eight  years  he  was  attorney-general 
of  Tennessee.  Since  1903  he  has  been  president  of  the  United 
States  Philippine  commission.  He  was  civil  governor  of  the 
Philippine  Islands  for  the  term  of  1905-07.  He  is  now  United 
States  minister  to  Japan  at  Tokyo. 


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